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Delort L, Cholet J, Decombat C, Vermerie M, Dumontet C, Castelli FA, Fenaille F, Auxenfans C, Rossary A, Caldefie-Chezet F. The Adipose Microenvironment Dysregulates the Mammary Myoepithelial Cells and Could Participate to the Progression of Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:571948. [PMID: 33505957 PMCID: PMC7829501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Overweight and obesity are now recognized as established risk factors for this pathology in postmenopausal women. These conditions are also believed to be responsible for higher recurrence and mortality rates. Reciprocal interactions have been described between adipose and cancer cells. An adipose microenvironment favors a greater proliferation of cancer cells, their invasion and even resistance to anti-cancer treatments. In addition, the chronic low-grade inflammation observed in obese individuals is believed to amplify these processes. Among the cell types present in the breast, myoepithelial cells (MECs), located at the interface of the epithelial cells and the stroma, are considered "tumor suppressor" cells. During the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer, disorganization or even the disappearance of MECs is observed, thereby enhancing the ability of the cancer cells to migrate. As the adipose microenvironment is now considered as a central actor in the progression of breast cancer, our objective was to evaluate if it could be involved in MEC functional modifications, leading to the transition of in situ to invasive carcinoma, particularly in obese patients. Through a co-culture model, we investigated the impact of human adipose stem cells from women of normal weight and obese women, differentiated or not into mature adipocytes, on the functionality of the MECs by measuring changes in viability, apoptosis, gene, and miRNA expressions. We found that adipose cells (precursors and differentiated adipocytes) could decrease the viability of the MECs, regardless of the original BMI. The adipose cells could also disrupt the expression of the genes involved in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix and to amplify the expression of leptin and inflammatory markers. miR-122-5p and miR-132-3p could also be considered as targets for adipose cells. The metabolite analyses revealed specific profiles that may be involved in the growth of neoplastic cells. All of these perturbations could thus be responsible for the loss of tumor suppressor status of MECs and promote the transition from in situ to invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juliette Cholet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Vermerie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florence A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Auxenfans
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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CETİN YS, DÜZENLİ U, BERKÖZ M, ÖZKAN H, BOZAN N. An investigation of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels in patients with larynx carcinoma. ENT UPDATES 2020. [DOI: 10.32448/entupdates.744725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Li ZY, Yin YF, Guo Y, Li H, Xu MQ, Liu M, Wang JR, Feng ZH, Duan XC, Zhang S, Zhang SQ, Wang GX, Liao A, Wang SM, Zhang X. Enhancing Anti-Tumor Activity of Sorafenib Mesoporous Silica Nanomatrix in Metastatic Breast Tumor and Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the Co-Administration with Flufenamic Acid. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1809-1821. [PMID: 32214813 PMCID: PMC7083629 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s240436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because tumor-associated inflammation is a hallmark of cancer treatment, in the present study, sorafenib mesoporous silica nanomatrix (MSNM@SFN) co-administrated with flufenamic acid (FFA, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) was investigated to enhance the anti-tumor activity of MSNM@SFN. METHODS Metastatic breast tumor 4T1/luc cells and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were selected as cell models. The effects of FFA in vitro on cell migration, PGE2 secretion, and AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 levels in 4T1/luc and HepG2 cells were investigated. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of MSNM@SFN co-administrating with FFA (MSNM@SFN+FFA) was evaluated in a 4T1/luc metastatic tumor model, HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model, and HepG2 orthotopic tumor-bearing nude mice model, respectively. RESULTS The results indicated that FFA could markedly decrease cell migration, PGE2 secretion, and AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 levels in both 4T1/luc and HepG2 cells. The enhanced anti-tumor activity of MSNM@SFN+FFA compared with that of MSNM@SFN was confirmed in the 4T1/luc metastatic tumor model, HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model, and HepG2 orthotopic tumor-bearing nude mice model in vivo, respectively. DISCUSSION MSNM@SFN co-administrating with FFA (MSNM@SFN+FFA) developed in this study is an alternative strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSNM@SFN via co-administration with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Qi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Han Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Min Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have significantly decreased breast cancer mortality, although with considerable side effects and financial costs. In the USA, over three million women are living after a breast cancer diagnosis and are eager for new treatments that are low in toxicity and cost. Multiple observational studies have reported improved breast cancer survival with regular aspirin use. Furthermore, pooled data from five large randomized trials of aspirin for cardiovascular disease showed that subjects on aspirin had decreased risk of cancer mortality and decreased risk of metastatic cancer. Although the potential mechanism for aspirin preventing breast cancer is not known, possible pathways may involve platelets, inflammation, cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, hormones, or PI3 kinase. This review article summarizes the current epidemiologic and clinical trial evidence as well as possible underlying mechanisms that justify current phase III randomized trials of aspirin to improve breast cancer survival.
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Patel S, Homaei A, Raju AB, Meher BR. Estrogen: The necessary evil for human health, and ways to tame it. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:403-411. [PMID: 29573619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a pivotal enzyme for survival and health in both genders, though their quantum, tropism, tissue-specific distribution, and receptor affinity varies with different phases of life. Converted from androgen via aromatase enzyme, this hormone is indispensable to glucose homeostasis, immune robustness, bone health, cardiovascular health, fertility, and neural functions. However, estrogen is at the center of almost all human pathologies as well-infectious, autoimmune, metabolic to degenerative. Both hypo and hyper level of estrogen has been linked to chronic and acute diseases. While normal aging is supposed to lower its level, leading to tissue degeneration (bone, muscle, neural etc.), and metabolite imbalance (glucose, lipid etc.), the increment in inflammatory agents in day-to-day life are enhancing the estrogen (or estrogen mimic) level, fueling 'estrogen dominance'. The resultant excess estrogen is inducing an overexpression of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), harming tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases, and neoplasms. The unprecedented escalation in the polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, breast cancer, ovary cancer, and gynecomastia cases are indicating that this sensitive hormone is getting exacerbated. This critical review is an effort to analyze the dual, and opposing facets of estrogen, via understanding its crosstalk with other hormones, enzymes, metabolites, and drugs. Why estrogen level correction is no trivial task, and how it can be restored to normalcy by a disciplined lifestyle with wise dietary and selective chemical usage choices has been discussed. Overall, our current state of knowledge does not disclose the full picture of estrogen's pleiotropic importance. Hence, this review should be a resource for general public as well as researchers to work in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 92182, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Akondi Butchi Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Biswa Ranjan Meher
- Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
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Patel S. Breast cancer: Lesser-known facets and hypotheses. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:499-506. [PMID: 29287197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. The deteriorating environment, and lifestyle flaws are raising the frequency of this cancer. Existing therapies are not universally-effective, and they cause side effects, relapses, and high mortality rate. Alternative medications may be milder, but are less effective or are inadequate for a complex disease like the breast cancer. So, it requires the understanding that drugs are not the solution of this cancer, but prevention is the sustainable solution. In the past decades, an enormous quantum of insights on this disease has been obtained. A lifestyle based on the template of estrogenic compounds and, the resultant endocrine disruption, and acidosis, is elevating aromatase level, promoting the deleterious forms of estrogen, and inducing epithelial proliferation. This review provids a holistic account of breast cancer as a inflammatory endocrinopathy, and how it can be curbed by discipline, and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Sun Z, Zhou C, Liu F, Zhang W, Chen J, Pan Y, Ma L, Liu Q, Du Y, Yang J, Wang Q. Inhibition of breast cancer cell survival by Xanthohumol via modulation of the Notch signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:908-916. [PMID: 29422966 PMCID: PMC5772922 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds derived from plants have been an important source of numerous clinically useful anticancer agents. Nevertheless, limited studies indicate that xanthohumol (XN), a major prenylated flavonoid in hop plants (Humulus lupulus), may possess anticarcinogenic properties. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the antitumorigenic effects and the underlying mechanism of XN on breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. A 4T1 breast tumor mouse model was used in the present study to investigate XN suppression of tumor growth as detected by tumorigenicity assays in vivo. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that XN significantly decreased cell viability, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as confirmed by an MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis, indicating anticarcinogenic activity of XN against breast cancer. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway, Notch 1 and Ki-67, in vivo; consistently, XN caused decreased activation of the Notch signaling pathway and apoptotic regulators B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-extra large and caspase 3, as determined by western blot analysis in vitro. This study suggests that XN may potentially be useful as a chemopreventive agent during breast hyperplasia and carcinogenesis, acting via the regulation of Notch associated apoptotic regulators in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lianqing Ma
- Yumen Tuopu Science Development and Technology Co., Ltd., Yumen, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qimin Liu
- Yumen Tuopu Science Development and Technology Co., Ltd., Yumen, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Du
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Chung SJ, Nagaraju GP, Nagalingam A, Muniraj N, Kuppusamy P, Walker A, Woo J, Győrffy B, Gabrielson E, Saxena NK, Sharma D. ADIPOQ/adiponectin induces cytotoxic autophagy in breast cancer cells through STK11/LKB1-mediated activation of the AMPK-ULK1 axis. Autophagy 2017; 13:1386-1403. [PMID: 28696138 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1332565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ADIPOQ/adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment, negatively regulates cancer cell growth hence increased levels of ADIPOQ/adiponectin are associated with decreased breast cancer growth. However, its mechanisms of action remain largely elusive. We report that ADIPOQ/adiponectin induces a robust accumulation of autophagosomes, increases MAP1LC3B-II/LC3B-II and decreases SQSTM1/p62 in breast cancer cells. ADIPOQ/adiponectin-treated cells and xenografts exhibit increased expression of autophagy-related proteins. LysoTracker Red-staining and tandem-mCherry-GFP-LC3B assay show that fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes is augmented upon ADIPOQ/adiponectin treatment. ADIPOQ/adiponectin significantly inhibits breast cancer growth and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, and these events are preceded by macroautophagy/autophagy, which is integral for ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated cell death. Accordingly, blunting autophagosome formation, blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion or genetic-knockout of BECN1/Beclin1 and ATG7 effectively impedes ADIPOQ/adiponectin induced growth-inhibition and apoptosis-induction. Mechanistic studies show that ADIPOQ/adiponectin reduces intracellular ATP levels and increases PRKAA1 phosphorylation leading to ULK1 activation. AMPK-inhibition abrogates ADIPOQ/adiponectin-induced ULK1-activation, LC3B-turnover and SQSTM1/p62-degradation while AMPK-activation potentiates ADIPOQ/adiponectin's effects. Further, ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated AMPK-activation and autophagy-induction are regulated by upstream master-kinase STK11/LKB1, which is a key node in antitumor function of ADIPOQ/adiponectin as STK11/LKB1-knockout abrogates ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated inhibition of breast tumorigenesis and molecular analyses of tumors corroborate in vitro mechanistic findings. ADIPOQ/adiponectin increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Notably, high expression of ADIPOQ receptor ADIPOR2, ADIPOQ/adiponectin and BECN1 significantly correlates with increased overall survival in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. Collectively, these data uncover that ADIPOQ/adiponectin induces autophagic cell death in breast cancer and provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for the integral role of STK11/LKB1-AMPK-ULK1 axis in ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated cytotoxic autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J Chung
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | | | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Panjamurthy Kuppusamy
- c Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Alyssa Walker
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- d MTA TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group , Budapest , Hungary.,e Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ed Gabrielson
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- c Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Patel S. Stressor-driven extracellular acidosis as tumor inducer via aberrant enzyme activation: A review on the mechanisms and possible prophylaxis. Gene 2017; 626:209-214. [PMID: 28546124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
When the extracellular pH of human body vacillates in either direction, tissue homeostasis is compromised. Fluctuations in acidity have been linked to a wide variety of pathological conditions, including bone loss, cancer, allergies, and auto-immune diseases. Stress conditions affect oxygen tension, and the resultant hypoxia modulates the expression and/or activity of membrane-tethered transporters/pumps, transcription factors, enzymes and intercellular junctions. These modifications provoke erratic gene expression, aberrant tissue remodeling and oncogenesis. While the physiological optimization of pH in tissues is practically challenging, it is at least theoretically achievable and can be considered as a possible therapy to resolve a broad array of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 92182 San Diego, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego, CA 92182, USA..
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Patel S. Disruption of aromatase homeostasis as the cause of a multiplicity of ailments: A comprehensive review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 168:19-25. [PMID: 28109841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human health is beset with a legion of ailments, which is exacerbated by lifestyle errors. Out of the numerous enzymes in human body, aromatase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme is particularly very critical. Occurring at the crossroads of multiple signalling pathways, its homeostasis is vital for optimal health. Unfortunately, medications, hormone therapy, chemical additives in food, and endocrine-disrupting personal care products are oscillating the aromatase concentration beyond the permissible level. As this enzyme converts androgens (C19) into estrogens (C18), its agitation has different outcomes in different genders and age groups. Some common pathologies associated with aromatase disruption include breast cancer, prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, osteoporosis, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, pituitary cancer, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, male hypogonadism, and transgender issues. Several drugs, cosmetics and pesticides act as the activators and suppressors of this enzyme. This carefully-compiled critical review is expected to increase public awareness regarding the threats resultant of the perturbations of this enzyme and to motivate researchers for further investigation of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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11
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Gene expression profiling of breast cancer in Lebanese women. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36639. [PMID: 27857161 PMCID: PMC5114572 DOI: 10.1038/srep36639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is commonest cancer in women worldwide. Elucidation of underlying biology and molecular pathways is necessary for improving therapeutic options and clinical outcomes. Molecular alterations in breast cancer are complex and involve cross-talk between multiple signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to extract a unique mRNA fingerprint of breast cancer in Lebanese women using microarray technologies. Gene-expression profiles of 94 fresh breast tissue samples (84 cancerous/10 non-tumor adjacent samples) were analyzed using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to validate candidate genes. Differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and non-tumor tissues were screened. Significant differences in gene expression were established for COL11A1/COL10A1/MMP1/COL6A6/DLK1/S100P/CXCL11/SOX11/LEP/ADIPOQ/OXTR/FOSL1/ACSBG1 and C21orf37. Pathways/diseases representing these genes were retrieved and linked using PANTHER®/Pathway Studio®. Many of the deregulated genes are associated with extracellular matrix, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, differentiation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Characteristics of breast cancers in Lebanese were compared to those of women from Western populations to explain why breast cancer is more aggressive and presents a decade earlier in Lebanese victims. Delineating molecular mechanisms of breast cancer in Lebanese women led to key genes which could serve as potential biomarkers and/or novel drug targets for breast cancer.
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Basu S, Harris H, Wolk A, Rossary A, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP, Larsson A. Inflammatory F 2-isoprostane, prostaglandin F 2α, pentraxin 3 levels and breast cancer risk: The Swedish Mammography Cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 113:28-32. [PMID: 27720037 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a common cancer among women. Identifying cellular participation of F2-isoprostane, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in cancer we evaluated whether their prediagnostic systemic levels that originate from different inflammatory pathways were associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS Seventy-eight breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and 797 controls from the Swedish Mammography Cohort were analysed for urinary F2-isoprostane, PGF2α and plasma PTX3 levels. RESULTS None of the biomarkers investigated were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. However, there was the suggestion of an inverse association with PTX3 with multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.56 (95% CI=0.29-1.06) and 0.67 (95% CI=0.35-1.28) for the second and third tertiles, respectively (ptrend=0.20). No associations were observed between F2-isoprostane (OR=0.87; 95% CI=0.48-1.57; ptrend=0.67) and PGF2α metabolite (OR=1.03; 95% CI=0.56-1.88; ptrend=0.91) comparing the top to bottom tertiles. CONCLUSIONS The systemic levels of F2-isoprostane, PGF2α and PTX3 witnessed in women who later developed breast cancer may not provide prognostic information regarding tumor development in spite of their known involvement in situ cellular context. These observations may indicate that other mechanisms exist in controlling cellular formation of F2-isoprostane, PGF2α and PTX3 and their systemic availability in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holly Harris
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Unicancer, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité d'Exploration Nutritionnelle, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Evaluation of Adipokines, Inflammatory Markers, and Sex Hormones in Simple and Complex Breast Cysts' Fluid. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:5174929. [PMID: 27293305 PMCID: PMC4880712 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5174929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between levels of adipokines in the breast cyst fluid and in the circulation in relation to the type of cysts. Material and Measurements. A cross-sectional study involved 86 women with breast cysts (42 with simple cysts and 44 with complex cysts). Plasma and breast cyst fluid leptin, adiponectin, visfatin/NAMPT, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, in addition to serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and prolactin, and anthropometric parameters and body composition (by bioimpedance method), were measured. Results. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were significantly lower in breast cyst fluid than in plasma regardless of the cyst type. Contrarily, the levels of visfatin/NAMPT and TNF-α were significantly increased, and IL-6 levels were similar in the breast cyst fluid and plasma in both study groups. There was no correlation between corresponding levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, TNF-α, and IL-6 in breast cyst fluid and plasma. Conclusions. Higher levels of visfatin/NAMPT and TNF-α in the fluid from simple and complex breast cysts than in plasma suggest that their local production is related to inflammation.
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14
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Basu S, Rossary A, Vasson MP. Role of inflammation and eicosanoids in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne; UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne; 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne; UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne; 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne; UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne; 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
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