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Zhao S, Deslarzes-Dubuis C, Urfer S, Lambelet M, Déglise S, Allagnat F. Cystathionine Gamma Lyase Is Regulated by Flow and Controls Smooth Muscle Migration in Human Saphenous Vein. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1731. [PMID: 37760034 PMCID: PMC10525225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The saphenous vein is the conduit of choice for bypass grafting. Unfortunately, the hemodynamic stress associated with the arterial environment of the bypass vein graft leads to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH), an excessive cellular growth and collagen deposition that results in restenosis and secondary graft occlusion. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous redox-modifying gasotransmitter that inhibits IH. H2S is produced via the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway by three enzymes: cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). However, the expression and regulation of these enzymes in the human vasculature remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of CSE, CBS and 3-MST in segments of native human saphenous vein and large arteries. Furthermore, we evaluated the regulation of these enzymes in vein segments cultured under static, venous (7 mmHg pressure) or arterial (100 mmHg pressure) pressure. CSE was expressed in the media, neointima and intima of the vessels and was negatively regulated by arterial shear stress. Adenoviral-mediated CSE overexpression or RNA interference-mediated CSE knock-down revealed that CSE inhibited primary human VSMC migration but not proliferation. We propose that high shear stress in arteriovenous bypass grafts inhibits CSE expression in both the media and endothelium, which may contribute to increased VSMC migration in the context of IH.
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Burboa PC, Puebla M, Gaete PS, Durán WN, Lillo MA. Connexin and Pannexin Large-Pore Channels in Microcirculation and Neurovascular Coupling Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137303. [PMID: 35806312 PMCID: PMC9266979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcirculation homeostasis depends on several channels permeable to ions and/or small molecules that facilitate the regulation of the vasomotor tone, hyperpermeability, the blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular coupling function. Connexin (Cxs) and Pannexin (Panxs) large-pore channel proteins are implicated in several aspects of vascular physiology. The permeation of ions (i.e., Ca2+) and key metabolites (ATP, prostaglandins, D-serine, etc.) through Cxs (i.e., gap junction channels or hemichannels) and Panxs proteins plays a vital role in intercellular communication and maintaining vascular homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation or genetic pathologies associated with these channels promote deleterious tissue consequences. This review provides an overview of current knowledge concerning the physiological role of these large-pore molecule channels in microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules) and in the neurovascular coupling function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía C. Burboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Mariela Puebla
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Pablo S. Gaete
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Walter N. Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Sathiyanadan K, Alonso F, Domingos-Pereira S, Santoro T, Hamard L, Cesson V, Meda P, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Haefliger JA. Targeting Endothelial Connexin37 Reduces Angiogenesis and Decreases Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2930. [PMID: 35328350 PMCID: PMC8948817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin37 (Cx37) and Cx40 form intercellular channels between endothelial cells (EC), which contribute to the regulation of the functions of vessels. We previously documented the participation of both Cx in developmental angiogenesis and have further shown that loss of Cx40 decreases the growth of different tumors. Here, we report that loss of Cx37 reduces (1) the in vitro proliferation of primary human EC; (2) the vascularization of subcutaneously implanted matrigel plugs in Cx37-/- mice or in WT using matrigel plugs supplemented with a peptide targeting Cx37 channels; (3) tumor angiogenesis; and (4) the growth of TC-1 and B16 tumors, resulting in a longer mice survival. We further document that Cx37 and Cx40 function in a collaborative manner to promote tumor growth, inasmuch as the injection of a peptide targeting Cx40 into Cx37-/- mice decreased the growth of TC-1 tumors to a larger extent than after loss of Cx37. This loss did not alter vessel perfusion, mural cells coverage and tumor hypoxia compared to tumors grown in WT mice. The data show that Cx37 is relevant for the control of EC proliferation and growth in different tumor models, suggesting that it may be a target, alone or in combination with Cx40, in the development of anti-tumoral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Sathiyanadan
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
| | - Florian Alonso
- Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BioTis-INSERM U1026), Université de Bordeaux, 33607 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Sonia Domingos-Pereira
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
| | - Tania Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Lauriane Hamard
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
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Farrerol maintains the contractile phenotype of VSMCs via inactivating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:249-260. [PMID: 32840737 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Farrerol, a dihydroflavone isolated from Rhododendron dauricum L., can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and exert a protective effect on H2O2-induced vascular endothelial cells injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of farrerol on VSMC phenotypic modulation and balloon injury-induced vascular neointimal formation and explored the underlying mechanisms. Serum-starved rat thoracic aorta SMCs (RASMCs) were first pretreated with farrerol (3, 10, and 30 μM, respectively), U0126 (a MEK kinase inhibitor), and SB203580 (a p38 kinase inhibitor), and followed by treatment with serum (10% FBS). The expression of several VSMC-specific markers, including α-SMA, SM22α, and OPN, were analyzed by western blot. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also investigated. Farrerol inhibited the serum-induced transition of RASMCs from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype, and this was associated with a decrease in α-SMA and SM22α expression, and an increase in OPN expression. Farrerol also inhibited serum-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in RASMCs. Moreover, U0126 and SB203580 both inhibited the serum-induced phenotypic transition of RASMCs. These findings indicate that farrerol can maintain the contractile phenotype of VSMCs partly via inactivating the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Using a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury, inhibition of VSMC phenotypic transition and suppression of neointimal formation were confirmed in vivo following the perivascular application of farrerol. Our results suggested that farrerol could be a promising lead compound for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Mylonaki I, Allain E, Strano F, Allémann E, Corpataux JM, Meda P, Jordan O, Delie F, Rougemont AL, Haefliger JA, Saucy F. Evaluating intimal hyperplasia under clinical conditions. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 27:427-436. [PMID: 29617792 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Open arterial revascularization using venous segments is frequently associated with the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH), leading to severe restenosis and graft failure. The lack of treatment to prevent this pathology is a major problem. Therefore, we generated a new porcine model, which closely mimics the clinical development of human IH, to test the therapeutic potential of candidate drugs. METHODS A patch of jugular vein was sutured to the right common carotid artery of pigs, to expose the vein to haemodynamic conditions of the arterial bed. Four weeks after surgery, the operated vessels which received no further treatment (the control group) were compared with (i) contralateral, non-operated vessels (the healthy group); (ii) vessels of pigs that received a perivascular application of a drug-free microparticle gel (the placebo group) and (iii) vessels of pigs that perioperatively received the same gel loaded with 10-mg atorvastatin (the atorvastatin group). RESULTS When compared with non-operated vessels, all operated segments displayed a sizable IH which was thicker in the venous patch than in the host artery. These alterations were associated with a thickening of the intima layer of both vessels in the absence of inflammation. The intima/media ratio has been significantly increased by 2000-fold in the vein patches. Perivascular application of atorvastatin did not prevent IH formation. However, the drug increased the adventitial neovascularization in the operated vessels. CONCLUSIONS The novel porcine model allows for monitoring IH formation under haemodynamic conditions which mimic clinical situations. It should facilitate the screening of innovative treatments to prevent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mylonaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Allain
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Strano
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Corpataux
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Rougemont
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - François Saucy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wang M, Wu Y, Yu Y, Fu Y, Yan H, Wang X, Li T, Peng W, Luo D. Rutaecarpine prevented ox-LDL-induced VSMCs dysfunction through inhibiting overexpression of connexin 43. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Lambelet M, Terra LF, Fukaya M, Meyerovich K, Labriola L, Cardozo AK, Allagnat F. Dysfunctional autophagy following exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines contributes to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:96. [PMID: 29367588 PMCID: PMC5833699 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from β-cell destruction due to concerted action of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, secreted by the immune cells invading islets of Langerhans, contribute to pancreatic β-cell death in T1D. Cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a central role in β-cell demise. ER stress can modulate autophagic response; however, no study addressed the regulation of autophagy during the pathophysiology of T1D. In this study, we document that cytokines activate the AMPK-ULK-1 pathway while inhibiting mTORC1, which stimulates autophagy activity in an ER stress-dependent manner. On the other hand, time-course analysis of LC3-II accumulation in autophagosomes revealed that cytokines block the autophagy flux in an ER stress independent manner, leading to the formation of large dysfunctional autophagosomes and worsening of ER stress. Cytokines rapidly impair lysosome function, leading to lysosome membrane permeabilization, Cathepsin B leakage and lysosomal cell death. Blocking cathepsin activity partially protects against cytokine-induced or torin1-induced apoptosis, whereas blocking autophagy aggravates cytokine-induced CHOP overexpression and β-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, cytokines stimulate the early steps of autophagy while blocking the autophagic flux, which aggravate ER stress and trigger lysosomal cell death. Restoration of autophagy/lysosomal function may represent a novel strategy to improve β-cell resistance in the context of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Lambelet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leticia F Terra
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Makiko Fukaya
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kira Meyerovich
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leticia Labriola
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Haefliger JA, Allagnat F, Hamard L, Le Gal L, Meda P, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Génot E, Alonso F. Targeting Cx40 (Connexin40) Expression or Function Reduces Angiogenesis in the Developing Mouse Retina. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2136-2146. [PMID: 28982669 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cx40 (Connexin40) forms intercellular channels that coordinate the electric conduction in the heart and the vasomotor tone in large vessels. The protein was shown to regulate tumoral angiogenesis; however, whether Cx40 also contributes to physiological angiogenesis is still unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we show that Cx40 contributes to physiological angiogenesis. Genetic deletion of Cx40 leads to a reduction in vascular growth and capillary density in the neovascularization model of the mouse neonatal retina. At the angiogenic front, vessel sprouting is reduced, and the mural cells recruited along the sprouts display an altered phenotype. These alterations can be attributed to disturbed endothelial cell functions as selective reexpression of Cx40 in these cells restores normal angiogenesis. In vitro, targeting Cx40 in microvascular endothelial cells, by silencing its expression or by blocking gap junction channels, decreases their proliferation. Moreover, loss of Cx40 in these cells also increases their release of PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) and promotes the chemoattraction of mural cells. In vivo, an intravitreal injection of a Cx40 inhibitory peptide, phenocopies the loss of Cx40 in the retinal vasculature of wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data show that endothelial Cx40 contributes to the early stages of physiological angiogenesis in the developing retina, by regulating vessel growth and maturation. Cx40 thus represents a novel therapeutic target for treating pathological ocular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.).
| | - Florent Allagnat
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.)
| | - Lauriane Hamard
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.)
| | - Loïc Le Gal
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.)
| | - Paolo Meda
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.)
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.)
| | - Florian Alonso
- From the Department of Medicine (J.-A.H., F.A., L.H., L.L.G., F.A.) and Department of Urology (D.N.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Switzerland (P.M.); and Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, France (E.G., F.A.).
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Allagnat F, Dubuis C, Lambelet M, Le Gal L, Alonso F, Corpataux JM, Déglise S, Haefliger JA. Connexin37 reduces smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of carotid artery ligation. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:805-816. [PMID: 28449099 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is an abnormal response to vessel injury characterized by the dedifferentiation, migration, and proliferation of quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to form a neointima layer. Vascular connexins (Cx) are involved in the pathophysiology of various vascular diseases, and Cx43, the main Cx expressed in VSMC, has been shown to promote VSMC proliferation and IH. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of another Cx, namely Cx37, in the formation of the neointima layer. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and Cx37-deficient (Cx37-/-) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to carotid artery ligation (CAL), a model of vessel injury and IH. The neointima developed linearly in WT until 28 days post surgery. In contrast, the neointima layer was almost absent 14 days after surgery in Cx37-/- mice, and twice as more developed after 28 days compared to WT mice. This large neointima formation correlated with a two-fold increase in cell proliferation in the media and neointima regions between 14 and 28 days in Cx37-/- mice compared to WT mice. The CAL triggered Cx43 overexpression in the media and neointima layers of ligated carotids in WT mice, and selectively up-regulated Cx37 expression in the media layer, but not in the neointima layer. The de novo expression of Cx37 in human primary VSMC reduced cell proliferation and P-Akt levels, in association with lower Cx43 levels, whereas Cx43 overexpression increased P-Akt levels. CONCLUSION The presence of Cx37 in the media layer of injured arteries restrains VSMC proliferation and limits the development of IH, presumably by interfering with the pro-proliferative effect of Cx43 and the Akt pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Stenosis/genetics
- Carotid Stenosis/metabolism
- Carotid Stenosis/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Connexins/deficiency
- Connexins/genetics
- Connexins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Ligation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Gap Junction alpha-4 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Dubuis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Lambelet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Le Gal
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, c/o Department of Physiology, Bugnon 7a, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, c/o Department of Physiology, Bugnon 7a, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Corpataux
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Déglise
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, c/o Department of Physiology, Bugnon 7a, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Nitric Oxide Deficit Drives Intimal Hyperplasia in Mouse Models of Hypertension. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 51:733-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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