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Brunnberg J, Barends M, Frühschulz S, Winter C, Battin C, de Wet B, Cole DK, Steinberger P, Tampé R. Dual role of the peptide-loading complex as proofreader and limiter of MHC-I presentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321600121. [PMID: 38771881 PMCID: PMC11145271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules is essential for surveillance by the adaptive immune system. Central to this process is the peptide-loading complex (PLC), which translocates peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes peptide loading and proofreading of peptide-MHC-I (pMHC-I) complexes. Despite its importance, the impact of individual PLC components on the presented pMHC-I complexes is still insufficiently understood. Here, we used stoichiometrically defined antibody-nanobody complexes and engineered soluble T cell receptors (sTCRs) to quantify different MHC-I allomorphs and defined pMHC-I complexes, respectively. Thereby, we uncovered distinct effects of individual PLC components on the pMHC-I surface pool. Knockouts of components of the PLC editing modules, namely tapasin, ERp57, or calreticulin, changed the MHC-I surface composition to a reduced proportion of HLA-A*02:01 presentation compensated by a higher ratio of HLA-B*40:01 molecules. Intriguingly, these knockouts not only increased the presentation of suboptimally loaded HLA-A*02:01 complexes but also elevated the presentation of high-affinity peptides overexpressed in the cytosol. Our findings suggest that the components of the PLC editing module serve a dual role, acting not only as peptide proofreaders but also as limiters for abundant peptides. This dual function ensures the presentation of a broad spectrum of antigenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamina Brunnberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Martina Barends
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühschulz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Christian Winter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Claire Battin
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Ben de Wet
- Immunocore Ltd., AbingdonOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
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Chen Y, Zheng L, Hua W, Wang J, Chen L, Huang A, Zhang W. Fusion of NY-ESO-1 epitope with heat shock protein 70 enhances its induced immune responses and antitumor activity against glioma in vitro. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:191-201. [PMID: 38410235 PMCID: PMC10894325 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common tumor originating in the brain and is difficult to cure. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a promising cancer testis antigen (CTA) for tumor immunotherapy, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) can promote the antigen presentation of chaperoned peptides. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of HSP70 and NY-ESO-1 epitope fusion protein for glioma. Methods Recombinant HSP70 protein was purified and fused to NY-ESO-1 epitope to generate HSP70/NY-ESO-1 p86-94. NY-ESO-1 expression was induced in U251 glioma cells via 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) treatment. Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with HSP70/NY-ESO-1 p86-94 or NY-ESO-1 protein stimulated NY-ESO-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The killing effect of NY-ESO-1 specific CTLs on U251 cells was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results 5-Aza-CdR successfully induced NY-ESO-1 expression in U251 cells. NY-ESO-1-stimulated CTLs lysed more significantly with NY-ESO-1-positive U251 cells than with NY-ESO-1-negative cells. The immune response stimulated by a DC-based vaccine of HSP70/NY-ESO-1 p86-94 fusion protein was significantly enhanced compared with that induced by NY-ESO-1 alone. Conclusions These findings indicate that the HSP70/NY-ESO-1 p86-94 may significantly enhance CTLs-mediated cytotoxicity and targeting ability against NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors in vitro. 5-Aza-CdR treatment with HSP70 binding to tumor antigen is a new strategy for immunotherapy of the tumors with poor CTA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Hua
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Diagnostical Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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3
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Zhao J, Wei C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhao D, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Bai J, Zhang W, Zhou D. The intrinsic defects of T cells impact the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 38097551 PMCID: PMC10721638 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy did not achieve the desired efficacy in some patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We conducted single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing as well as methylation chip profiling of peripheral blood samples in DLBCL patients. Patients who achieved complete remission (CR) showed an upward trend in T-cell levels, especially CD8-effector T cells. The responders exhibited T-cell clone expansion, more active T-cell transformation, and frequent cell communication. Highly expressed genes in the CR group were enriched in functions like leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and activation of immune response, while the non-CR group was enriched in pathways related to DNA damage and P53-mediated intrinsic apoptotic. More differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified in the baseline of the non-CR group (779 vs 350). GSEA analysis revealed that the genes annotated by DMPs were associated with cellular immune functions in T cells, including the generation of chemokines, leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, and cell-killing functions. The genes with low expression in the non-CR group exhibited a high methylation status. There is heterogeneity in the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic characteristics of host T cells in patients with different clinical outcomes. Intrinsic defects in T cells are important factors leading to poor efficacy of CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Chong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Bai
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Banerjee SM, Acedo P, El Sheikh S, Harati R, Meecham A, Williams NR, Gerard G, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Hamoudi R. Combination of verteporfin-photodynamic therapy with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances the anti-tumour immune response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188087. [PMID: 38022682 PMCID: PMC10664979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterised by its high tumourigenic, invasive, and immunosuppressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a focal therapy that uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent and induce a cytotoxic effect. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-ADC) is a clinically approved immunomodulatory chemotherapy agent. The mechanism of the combination therapy using PDT and 5-ADC in evoking an anti-tumour response is not fully understood. Methods The present study examined whether a single dose of 5-ADC enhances the cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune effect of low dose PDT with verteporfin as the photosensitiser in a TNBC orthotopic syngeneic murine model, using the triple negative murine mammary tumour cell line 4T1. Histopathology analysis, digital pathology and immunohistochemistry of treated tumours and distant sites were assessed. Flow cytometry of splenic and breast tissue was used to identify T cell populations. Bioinformatics were used to identify tumour immune microenvironments related to TNBC patients. Results Functional experiments showed that PDT was most effective when used in combination with 5-ADC to optimize its efficacy. 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy elicited a synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more cytotoxic than monotherapies on 4T1 tumour cells. For tumour therapy, all types of treatments demonstrated histopathologically defined margins of necrosis, increased T cell expression in the spleen with absence of metastases or distant tissue destruction. Flow cytometry and digital pathology results showed significant increases in CD8 expressing cells with all treatments, whereas only the 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy showed increase in CD4 expression. Bioinformatics analysis of in silico publicly available TNBC data identified BCL3 and BCL2 as well as the following anti-tumour immune response biomarkers as significantly altered in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes: GZMA, PRF1, CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5. Interestingly, molecular biomarker assays showed increase in anti-tumour response genes after treatment. The results showed concomitant increase in BCL3, with decrease in BCL2 expression in TNBC treatment. In addition, the treatments showed decrease in PRF1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 genes with 5-ADC and 5-ADC/PDT treatment in both spleen and breast tissue, with the latter showing the most decrease. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows which of the innate and adaptive immune biomarkers are activated during PDT related treatment of the TNBC 4T1 mouse models. The results also indicate that some of the immune response biomarkers can be used to monitor the effectiveness of PDT treatment in TNBC murine model warranting further investigation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana M. Banerjee
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha El Sheikh
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amelia Meecham
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman R. Williams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerard
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed R. S. Keshtgar
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ai H, Yang H, Li L, Ma J, Liu K, Li Z. Cancer/testis antigens: promising immunotherapy targets for digestive tract cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190883. [PMID: 37398650 PMCID: PMC10311965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are the major cause of death among cancer patients worldwide due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, which limits the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods. Immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy for improving the prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers. However, the clinical application of this approach is limited by the absence of optimal targets. Cancer/testis antigens are characterized by low or absent expression in normal tissues, but high expression in tumor tissues, making them an attractive target for antitumor immunotherapy. Recent preclinical trials have shown promising results for cancer/testis antigen-targeted immunotherapy in digestive cancer. However, practical problems and difficulties in clinical application remain. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancers, covering their expression, function, and potential as an immunotherapy target. Additionally, the current state of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancer immunotherapy is discussed, and we predict that these antigens hold great promise as an avenue for breakthroughs in the treatment of digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-United States (US) Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Tang L, Kong Y, Wang H, Zou P, Sun T, Liu Y, Zhang J, Jin N, Mao H, Zhu X, Wang J, Meng F, You Y. Demethylating therapy increases cytotoxicity of CD44v6 CAR-T cells against acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145441. [PMID: 37180104 PMCID: PMC10174291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD44v6 chimeric antigen receptor T (CD44v6 CAR-T) cells demonstrate strong anti-tumor ability and safety in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the expression of CD44v6 on T cells leads to transient fratricide and exhaustion of CD44v6 CAR-T cells, which affect the application of CD44v6 CAR-T. The exhaustion and function of T cells and CD44v6 expression of AML cells are associated with DNA methylation. Hypomethylating agents (HAMs) decitabine (Dec) and azacitidine (Aza) have been widely used to treat AML. Therefore, there may be synergy between CD44v6 CAR-T cells and HAMs in the treatment of AML. Methods CD44v6 CAR-T cells pretreated with Dec or Aza were co-cultured with CD44v6+ AML cells. Dec or aza pretreated AML cells were co-cultured with CD44v6 CAR-T cells. The cytotoxicity, exhaustion, differentiation and transduction efficiency of CAR-T cells, and CD44v6 expression and apoptosis in AML cells were detected by flow cytometry. The subcutaneous tumor models were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of CD44v6 CAR-T cells combined with Dec in vivo. The effects of Dec or Aza on gene expression profile of CD44v6 CAR-T cells were analyzed by RNA-seq. Results Our results revealed that Dec and Aza improved the function of CD44v6 CAR-T cells through increasing the absolute output of CAR+ cells and persistence, promoting activation and memory phenotype of CD44v6 CAR-T cells, and Dec had a more pronounced effect. Dec and Aza promoted the apoptosis of AML cells, particularly with DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutation. Dec and Aza also enhanced the CD44v6 CAR-T response to AML by upregulating CD44v6 expression of AML cells regardless of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) or DNMT3A mutations. The combination of Dec or Aza pretreated CD44v6 CAR-T with pretreated AML cells demonstrated the most potent anti-tumor ability against AML. Conclusion Dec or Aza in combination with CD44v6 CAR-T cells is a promising combination therapy for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Kong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobing Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of R&D, Wuhan Biological Sample Bank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of R&D, Wuhan Biological Sample Bank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Na Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan City and Union Jiangnan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Mao
- Oncology Department, Wuhan Dongxihu District People’s Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fankai Meng, ; Jue Wang, ; Yong You,
| | - Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fankai Meng, ; Jue Wang, ; Yong You,
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fankai Meng, ; Jue Wang, ; Yong You,
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Kang S, Wang L, Xu L, Wang R, Kang Q, Gao X, Yu L. Decitabine enhances targeting of AML cells by NY-ESO-1-specific TCR-T cells and promotes the maintenance of effector function and the memory phenotype. Oncogene 2022; 41:4696-4708. [PMID: 36097193 PMCID: PMC9568428 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 is a well-known cancer-testis antigen (CTA) with re-expression in numerous cancer types, but its expression is suppressed in myeloid leukemia cells. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving decitabine (DAC) exhibit induced expression of NY-ESO-1 in blasts; thus, we investigated the effects of NY-ESO-1-specific TCR-engineered T (TCR-T) cells combined with DAC against AML. NY-ESO-1-specific TCR-T cells could efficiently eliminate AML cell lines (including U937, HL60, and Kasumi-1cells) and primary AML blasts in vitro by targeting the DAC-induced NY-ESO-1 expression. Moreover, the incubation of T cells with DAC during TCR transduction (designated as dTCR-T cells) could further enhance the anti-leukemia efficacy of TCR-T cells and increase the generation of memory-like phenotype. The combination of DAC with NY-ESO-1-specific dTCR-T cells showed a superior anti-tumor efficacy in vivo and prolonged the survival of an AML xenograft mouse model, with three out of five mice showing complete elimination of AML cells over 90 days. This outcome was correlated with enhanced expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and an increased proportion of central memory T cells (CD45RO+CD62L+ and CD45RO+CCR7+). Taken together, these data provide preclinical evidence for the combined use of DAC and NY-ESO-1-specific dTCR-T cells for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synat Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingzheng Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China. .,Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Muylaert C, Van Hemelrijck LA, Maes A, De Veirman K, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. Aberrant DNA methylation in multiple myeloma: A major obstacle or an opportunity? Front Oncol 2022; 12:979569. [PMID: 36059621 PMCID: PMC9434119 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.979569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance (DR) of cancer cells leading to relapse is a huge problem nowadays to achieve long-lasting cures for cancer patients. This also holds true for the incurable hematological malignancy multiple myeloma (MM), which is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Although new treatment approaches combining immunomodulatory drugs, corticosteroids, proteasome inhibitors, alkylating agents, and monoclonal antibodies have significantly improved median life expectancy, MM remains incurable due to the development of DR, with the underlying mechanisms remaining largely ill-defined. It is well-known that MM is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing both genetic and epigenetic aberrations. In normal circumstances, epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications, play an important role in proper chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. However, in MM, numerous epigenetic defects or so-called ‘epimutations’ have been observed and this especially at the level of DNA methylation. These include genome-wide DNA hypomethylation, locus specific hypermethylation and somatic mutations, copy number variations and/or deregulated expression patterns in DNA methylation modifiers and regulators. The aberrant DNA methylation patterns lead to reduced gene expression of tumor suppressor genes, genomic instability, DR, disease progression, and high-risk disease. In addition, the frequency of somatic mutations in the DNA methylation modifiers seems increased in relapsed patients, again suggesting a role in DR and relapse. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the involvement of aberrant DNA methylation patterns and/or DNA methylation modifiers in MM development, progression, and relapse. In addition, we discuss their involvement in MM cell plasticity, driving myeloma cells to a cancer stem cell state characterized by a more immature and drug-resistant phenotype. Finally, we briefly touch upon the potential of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors to prevent relapse after treatment with the current standard of care agents and/or new, promising (immuno) therapies.
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9
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Sun J, Li X, Chen P, Gao Y. From Anti-HER-2 to Anti-HER-2-CAR-T Cells: An Evolutionary Immunotherapy Approach for Gastric Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4061-4085. [PMID: 35873388 PMCID: PMC9304417 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s368138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current Therapeutic modalities provide no survival advantage to gastric cancer (GC) patients. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is a viable therapeutic strategy against advanced HER-2 positive GC. Antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and bispecific antibodies are emerging as novel drug forms that may abrogate the resistance to HER-2-specific drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) targeting HER-2 have shown considerable therapeutic potential in GC and other solid tumors. However, due to the high heterogeneity along with the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of GC that often leads to immune escape, the immunological treatment of GC still faces many challenges. Here, we reviewed and discussed the current progress in the research of anti-HER-2-CAR-T cell immunotherapy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
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10
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Bai R, Yuan C. Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1 (KK-LC-1): A Promising Cancer Testis Antigen. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1267-1277. [PMID: 35855340 PMCID: PMC9286905 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been a huge problem in the field of human health, and its early diagnosis and treatment are the key to solving this problem. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are a family of multifunctional proteins that are specifically expressed in male spermatozoa and tumor cells but not in healthy somatic cells. Studies have found that CTAs are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, and some CTAs trigger immunogenicity, which suggests a possibility of tumor immunotherapy. The differential expression and function of CTAs in normal tissues and tumor cells can promote the screening of tumor markers and the development of new immunotherapies. This article introduces the expression of Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1), a new member of the CTA family, in different types of tumors and its role in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bai
- 1Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- 2Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Unmasking the suppressed immunopeptidome of EZH2 mutated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with combination drug treatment. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4107-4121. [PMID: 35561310 PMCID: PMC9327544 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the repertoire of peptides presented on major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) has been utilized to identify targets for immunotherapy in many hematological malignancies. However, there is a paucity of such data for diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), which might be explained by the profound downregulation of MHC expression in many DLBCLs, and in particular in the Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) -mutated subgroup. Epigenetic drug treatment, especially in the context of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), restored MHC expression in DLBCL. DLBCL MHC-presented peptides were identified via mass spectrometry following tazemetostat or decitabine treatments alone, or in combination with IFN-γ. Such treatment synergistically increased MHC class I surface protein expression up to 50-fold and class II expression up to 3-fold. Peptides presented on MHC complexes increased to a similar extent for MHC class I and class II. Overall, these treatments restored the diversity of the immunopeptidome to levels described in healthy B cells for 2 out of 3 cell lines and allowed the systematic search for new targets for immunotherapy. Consequently, we identified multiple MHC ligands from regulator of G protein signaling 13 (RGS13) and E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) on different MHC alleles, none of which have been described in healthy tissues and therefore represent tumor-specific MHC ligands, which are unmasked only after drug treatment. Overall, our results show that EZH2 inhibition in combination with decitabine and IFN-γ can expand the repertoire of MHC ligands presented on DLBCLs by revealing suppressed epitopes, thus allowing the systematic analysis and identification of new potential immunotherapy targets.
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12
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Li Z, Shi W, Lu X, Lu H, Cao X, Tang L, Yan H, Zhong Z, You Y, Xia L, Hu Y, Wang H. Decitabine-Intensified Modified Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen Improves Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Related Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844937. [PMID: 35371981 PMCID: PMC8966032 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the benefit of decitabine (Dec)-intensified myeloablative conditioning on the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), we performed a retrospective matched-pair study from a pool of 156 patients to evaluate Dec [20 mg/m2/day intravenously (i.v.) on days -11 to -7]-intensified modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide (mBuCy) conditioning regimen vs. mBuCy regimen in 92 AML patients, with 46 patients in each cohort. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was lower in the Dec group (15.2% ± 0.3% vs. 32.6% ± 0.5%, P = 0.033). Compared with mBuCy group (15.5% ± 0.3%), a significantly higher proportion of limited chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in Dec group (35% ± 0.6%) was observed (P = 0.025). Dec-intensified mBuCy conditioning was associated with better 2-year overall survival (OS) and GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) (81% ± 6.2% vs. 59.4% ± 7.5%, P = 0.03; 58.7% ± 8.1% vs. 40.9% ± 7.3%, P = 0.042; respectively). Our results also elucidated that the Dec group had better 2-year OS and lower 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in patients acquiring haploidentical HSCT than that of the mBuCy group (84.8% ± 7.1% vs. 58.2% ± 10.3%, P = 0.047; 17.9% ± 0.8% vs. 40.0% ± 1.0%, P = 0.036; respectively), which did not increase the treatment-related mortality and regimen-associated toxicities. Dec-intensified myeloablative regimen and high-risk stratification were the variables associated with OS, leukemia-free survival (LFS), and GRFS in multivariate analysis. In high-risk patients, no differences were found in CIR, OS, LFS, and GRFS between the two groups. These data indicated that Dec-intensified mBuCy conditioning regimen was associated with better survival than mBuCy regimen in AML patients, especially in patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiena Cao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaodong Zhong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linghui Xia
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Gerard CL, Delyon J, Wicky A, Homicsko K, Cuendet MA, Michielin O. Turning tumors from cold to inflamed to improve immunotherapy response. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 101:102227. [PMID: 34656019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for a number of cancers over the last few decades. Nevertheless, a majority of patients still do not benefit from these treatments. Such patient-specific lack of response can be predicted, in part, from the immune phenotypes present in the tumor microenvironment. We provide a perspective on options to reprogram the tumors and their microenvironment to increase the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapies and expand their efficacy against cold tumors. Additionally, we review data from current preclinical and clinical trials aimed at testing the different therapeutic options in monotherapy or preferably in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Gerard
- Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - J Delyon
- Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - A Wicky
- Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - K Homicsko
- Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Cuendet
- Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland; Molecular Modelling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA.
| | - O Michielin
- Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland; Molecular Modelling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Park CH. Making Potent CAR T Cells Using Genetic Engineering and Synergistic Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133236. [PMID: 34209505 PMCID: PMC8269169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are emerging as powerful weapons for the treatment of malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have shown dramatic clinical results in patients with hematological malignancies. However, it is still challenging for CAR T cell therapy to be successful in several types of blood cancer and most solid tumors. Many attempts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy by modifying the CAR construct using combination agents, such as compounds, antibodies, or radiation. At present, technology to improve CAR T cell therapy is rapidly developing. In this review, we particularly emphasize the most recent studies utilizing genetic engineering and synergistic agents to improve CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34114, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-42-860-7416; Fax: +82-42-861-4246
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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15
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Meng X, Sun X, Liu Z, He Y. A novel era of cancer/testis antigen in cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107889. [PMID: 34174699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a regimen that is especially utilized in many advanced cancers. Tumor antigens include tumor-specific antigens and tumor-associated antigens, and they function as targets for immunotherapy, such as cancer vaccines and autologous T cells. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), which is a group of genes that are restrictedly expressed in malignant cells as well as some germline cells, are tumor-associated antigens. These expression characteristics make CTAs promising candidates for vaccine or T cell therapy targets. Cancer vaccines utilize cancer antigens to induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses to strengthen the body's immune system. T cell transfer therapy refers to genetically modifying T cells to express antigen-specific T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors, both of which can be directly activated by tumor antigens. Moreover, combined therapies are being investigated based on CTAs. Current studies have mainly focused on MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, and IL-13Rα. And we will review clinical trials of CTA-based immunotherapies related to these three antigens. We will summarize completed trials and results and examine the future trends in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xueqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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16
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Petroni G, Buqué A, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:310-345. [PMID: 33338426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At odds with conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents are designed to inhibit precise molecular alterations that support oncogenesis or tumor progression. Despite such an elevated degree of molecular specificity, many clinically employed and experimental targeted anticancer agents also mediate immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects that (at least in some settings) influence therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the main immunomodulatory effects of targeted anticancer agents and explore potential avenues to harness them in support of superior clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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17
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Low-dose decitabine as part of a modified Bu-Cy conditioning regimen improves survival in AML patients with active disease undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1674-1682. [PMID: 33637882 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is the major cause of mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Effective preventive intervention in high-risk AML may be crucial. In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of low dose decitabine (DAC) as part of a modified Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide (Bu-Cy) regimen for high-risk AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT to reduce relapse rate. Fifty-nine patients received DAC (20 mg/m2/d, i.v.) for 5 days, followed by modified Bu-Cy (DAC group). A matched-pair control (CON) group of 177 patients (matched 1:3) received modified Bu-Cy only. The differences were more substantial among patients with active disease: 2-year OS, 80.7% (DAC) versus 43.5% (CON), P = 0.011 and 2-year LFS, 64.9% (DAC) versus 39.2% (CON), P = 0.024. Median time to relapse was 8 months (DAC) versus 5 months (CON) for the entire groups and 6.5 months (DAC) versus 3.5 months (CON) for patients with active disease. In summary, our data indicated that the conditioning regimen containing low dose DAC may confer a survival advantage in high-risk AML patients with active disease undergoing allo-HSCT, and a prospective randomized trial is warranted to confirm these observations.
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18
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Lai J, Fu Y, Tian S, Huang S, Luo X, Lin L, Zhang X, Wang H, Lin Z, Zhao H, Lin S, Zhao J, Xu S, Li D, Cai S, Dong L, Qian J, Liang J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Fan J, Balderas R, Chen Q. Zebularine elevates STING expression and enhances cGAMP cancer immunotherapy in mice. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1758-1771. [PMID: 33571681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation abnormality is closely related to tumor occurrence and development. Chemical inhibitors targeting DNA methyltransferase (DNMTis) have been used in treating cancer. However, the impact of DNMTis on antitumor immunity has not been well elucidated. In this study, we show that zebularine (a demethylating agent) treatment of cancer cells led to increased levels of interferon response in a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)- and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent manner. This treatment also specifically sensitized the cGAS-STING pathway in response to DNA stimulation. Incorporation of zebularine into genomic DNA caused demethylation and elevated expression of a group of genes, including STING. Without causing DNA damage, zebularine led to accumulation of DNA species in the cytoplasm of treated cells. In syngeneic tumor models, administration of zebularine alone reduced tumor burden and extended mice survival. This effect synergized with cGAMP and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The efficacy of zebularine was abolished in nude mice and in cGAS-/- or STING-/- mice, indicating its dependency on host immunity. Analysis of tumor cells indicates upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) following zebularine administration. Zebularine promoted infiltration of CD8 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells into tumor and therefore suppressed tumor growth. This study unveils the role of zebularine in sensitizing the cGAS-STING pathway to promote anti-tumor immunity and provides the foundation for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China; The Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Shuoran Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Shanlu Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Hanze Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Shujin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Daliang Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Shaoli Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Luna Dong
- BD Biosciences Shanghai, New Bund World Trade Center III, Building B, No. 11, Lane 221, Dongyu Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Jing Qian
- BD Biosciences Shanghai, New Bund World Trade Center III, Building B, No. 11, Lane 221, Dongyu Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Jiadi Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Qiumei Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Jiqiang Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | | | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China; Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China.
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19
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Shi W, Tong Z, Qiu Q, Yue N, Guo W, Zou F, Zhou D, Li J, Huang W, Qian H. Novel HLA-A2 restricted antigenic peptide derivatives with high affinity for the treatment of breast cancer expressing NY-ESO-1. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104138. [PMID: 32745760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy based on specific tumor antigen has become the focus for breast cancer, and research into cancer/testes antigens (CTA) is progressing. As an important member in the CTA, NY-ESO-1 plays a crucial role in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to improve the binding ability to MHC by designing and synthesizing stable NY-ESO-1-derived peptides, based on NetMHC 4.0 webserver (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHC/) and HLP webserver (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/hlp/pep_both.htm). Moreover, after modification of the lead compound, affinity of the peptides to human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2) was determined by a flow cytometry and an inverted fluorescence microscope in T2 cells that show high expression of HLA-A2. The results demonstrated that the affinity of peptides II-4 and II-10 to HLA-A2 was significantly better when compared to others (II-Lead, II-1 ~ II-3, II-5 ~ II-9, II-11 ~ II-15). Further studies indicated that II-4 and II-10, especially II-4, significantly promoted the maturation of HLA-A2-positive human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs) from morphology and surface markers, the activation of CD8 + T lymphocytes, and the type-specific killing effect on HLA-A2+/NY-ESO-1+ MDA-MB-231 cells. Molecular docking studies suggested a strong interaction between peptide II-4 and HLA-A2, thereby indicating that the II-4 is a promising candidate with antigenic potential in the field of immunotherapy that needs more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Tong
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng 224002, PR China; Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Na Yue
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Zou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Daoguang Zhou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiuhui Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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20
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Murciano-Goroff YR, Warner AB, Wolchok JD. The future of cancer immunotherapy: microenvironment-targeting combinations. Cell Res 2020; 30:507-519. [PMID: 32467593 PMCID: PMC7264181 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds the potential to induce durable responses, but only a minority of patients currently respond. The etiologies of primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy are multifaceted, deriving not only from tumor intrinsic factors, but also from the complex interplay between cancer and its microenvironment. In addressing frontiers in clinical immunotherapy, we describe two categories of approaches to the design of novel drugs and combination therapies: the first involves direct modification of the tumor, while the second indirectly enhances immunogenicity through alteration of the microenvironment. By systematically addressing the factors that mediate resistance, we are able to identify mechanistically-driven novel approaches to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Betof Warner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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21
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Raza A, Merhi M, Inchakalody VP, Krishnankutty R, Relecom A, Uddin S, Dermime S. Unleashing the immune response to NY-ESO-1 cancer testis antigen as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2020; 18:140. [PMID: 32220256 PMCID: PMC7102435 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising and effective modality to treat different malignancies. Antigenic profiling of cancer tissues and determination of any pre-existing immune responses to cancer antigens may help predict responses to immune intervention in cancer. NY-ESO-1, a cancer testis antigen is the most immunogenic antigen to date. The promise of NY-ESO-1 as a candidate for specific immune recognition of cancer comes from its restricted expression in normal adult tissue but frequent occurrence in multiple tumors including melanoma and carcinomas of lung, esophageal, liver, gastric, prostrate, ovarian, and bladder. MAIN BODY This review summarizes current knowledge of NY-ESO-1 as efficient biomarker and target of immunotherapy. It also addresses limitations and challenges preventing a robust immune response to NY-ESO-1 expressing cancers, and describes pre-clinical and clinical observations relevant to NY-ESO-1 immunity, holding potential therapeutic relevance for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION NY-ESO-1 induces strong immune responses in cancer patients but has limited objective clinical responses to NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors due to effect of competitive negative signaling from immune-checkpoints and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. We propose that combination therapy to increase the efficacy of NY-ESO-1 specific immunotherapeutic interventions should be explored to unleash the immune response against NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Allan Relecom
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Hamad Medical Corporation, iTRI, Hamad Medical City (Building 320, Office 3-6-5), Po Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
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22
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Dan H, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Guan Q. DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors: Catalysts For Antitumour Immune Responses. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10903-10916. [PMID: 31849494 PMCID: PMC6913319 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s217767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a kind of heritable change that involves the unaltered DNA sequence and can have effects on gene expression. The regulatory mechanism mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA regulation. DNA methylation is currently the most studied aspect of epigenetics. It is widely present in eukaryotic cells and is the most important epigenetic mark in the regulation of gene expression in the cell. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) have been increasingly recognized in the field of cancer immunotherapy, have been approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and are widely being used in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapies. DNMTi promote the reactivation of tumour suppressor genes, enhance tumour immunogenicity, and stimulate a variety of immune cells to secrete cytokines that exert cytotoxic effects, promote tumour cell death, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression levels. Here, we mainly summarize the epigenetics related to DNMTi and their regulation of the antitumour immune response and DNMTi combined with immuno-therapeutics or histone deacetylase inhibitors to demonstrate the great development potential and clinical application value of DNMTi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dan
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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23
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Ramachandran I, Lowther DE, Dryer-Minnerly R, Wang R, Fayngerts S, Nunez D, Betts G, Bath N, Tipping AJ, Melchiori L, Navenot JM, Glod J, Mackall CL, D'Angelo SP, Araujo DM, Chow WA, Demetri GD, Druta M, Van Tine BA, Grupp SA, Abdul Razak AR, Wilky B, Iyengar M, Trivedi T, Winkle EV, Chagin K, Amado R, Binder GK, Basu S. Systemic and local immunity following adoptive transfer of NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T cells in synovial sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:276. [PMID: 31651363 PMCID: PMC6813983 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene-modified autologous T cells expressing NY-ESO-1c259, an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR) reactive against the NY-ESO-1-specific HLA-A*02-restricted peptide SLLMWITQC (NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T-cells; GSK 794), have demonstrated clinical activity in patients with advanced synovial sarcoma (SS). The factors contributing to gene-modified T-cell expansion and the changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) following T-cell infusion remain unclear. These studies address the immunological mechanisms of response and resistance in patients with SS treated with NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T-cells. Methods Four cohorts were included to evaluate antigen expression and preconditioning on efficacy. Clinical responses were assessed by RECIST v1.1. Engineered T-cell persistence was determined by qPCR. Serum cytokines were evaluated by immunoassay. Transcriptomic analyses and immunohistochemistry were performed on tumor biopsies from patients before and after T-cell infusion. Gene-modified T-cells were detected within the TME via an RNAish assay. Results Responses across cohorts were affected by preconditioning and intra-tumoral NY-ESO-1 expression. Of the 42 patients reported (data cut-off 4June2018), 1 patient had a complete response, 14 patients had partial responses, 24 patients had stable disease, and 3 patients had progressive disease. The magnitude of gene-modified T-cell expansion shortly after infusion was associated with response in patients with high intra-tumoral NY-ESO-1 expression. Patients receiving a fludarabine-containing conditioning regimen experienced increases in serum IL-7 and IL-15. Prior to infusion, the TME exhibited minimal leukocyte infiltration; CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were the dominant population. Modest increases in intra-tumoral leukocytes (≤5%) were observed in a subset of subjects at approximately 8 weeks. Beyond 8 weeks post infusion, the TME was minimally infiltrated with a TAM-dominant leukocyte infiltrate. Tumor-associated antigens and antigen presentation did not significantly change within the tumor post-T-cell infusion. Finally, NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T cells trafficked to the TME and maintained cytotoxicity in a subset of patients. Conclusions Our studies elucidate some factors that underpin response and resistance to NY-ESO-1 SPEAR T-cell therapy. From these data, we conclude that a lymphodepletion regimen containing high doses of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide is necessary for SPEAR T-cell persistence and efficacy. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that non-T-cell inflamed tumors, which are resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, can be treated with adoptive T-cell based immunotherapy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01343043, Registered 27 April 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruoxi Wang
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Nunez
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gareth Betts
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie Bath
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex J Tipping
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Melchiori
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John Glod
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sandra P D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dejka M Araujo
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian A Van Tine
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Breelyn Wilky
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Malini Iyengar
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trupti Trivedi
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Karen Chagin
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafael Amado
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK.,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Samik Basu
- Adaptimmune, Oxford, UK. .,Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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24
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Li S, Xue L, Wang M, Qiang P, Xu H, Zhang X, Kang W, You F, Xu H, Wang Y, Liu X, Yang L, Wang X. Decitabine enhances cytotoxic effect of T cells with an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor in treatment of lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5627-5638. [PMID: 31372000 PMCID: PMC6635897 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s198567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have substantial benefit in the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies. However, despite encouraging therapeutic efficiency, there is limited overall response rate when anti-CD19 CAR-T cells are used to treat patients with relapsed and refractory (R/R) B cell lymphomas. Therefore, it further investigation is urgently needed to improve treatment efficacy. Method: A combined treatment protocol of CAR-T cell with decitabine (DAC) to treat B cell lymphoma was developed and tested on lymphoma cell lines first, and then efficacy and the underlying mechanism were investigated. After ethical approval was granted, the combined treatment protocol was applied to treat two patients with R/R B-cell lymphomas. Results: CAR-T cells were prepared successfully, and they recognized CD19 antigen expressed on lymphoma cell lines specifically. Cell-line studies also showed that CD19 antigen expression was increased by DAC pretreatment, and the function of CAR-T cells was not compromised. The cell-line study further demonstrated that lymphoma cells pretreated by DAC responded more to the treatment of CAR-T cells. Two patients with R/R B cell lymphoma were pretreated with DAC then treated with CAR-T, and both achieved complete remission (CR). Conclusions: The epigenetic modifying drug DAC increases expression of the surface antigen CD19 on lymphoma cells. The DAC pretreatment protocol may lead patients with B cell lymphoma to be more susceptible to adoptive transfer of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells treKeywordsatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Li
- Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Quality Assurance, PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd, China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Qiang
- Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhan Zhang
- Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Kang
- Department of Quality Assurance, PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd, China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtao You
- Department of Quality Assurance, PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd, China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanying Xu
- Department of Quality Assurance, PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd, China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Quality Assurance, PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd, China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Quality Assurance, PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd, China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbing Wang
- Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wylie B, Chee J, Forbes CA, Booth M, Stone SR, Buzzai A, Abad A, Foley B, Cruickshank MN, Waithman J. Acquired resistance during adoptive cell therapy by transcriptional silencing of immunogenic antigens. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1609874. [PMID: 31413920 PMCID: PMC6682399 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1609874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) are promising treatments for solid cancers. However, relapsing disease remains a problem and the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are poorly defined. We postulated that the deregulated epigenetic landscape in cancer cells could underpin the acquisition of resistance to immunotherapy. To address this question, two preclinical models of ACT were employed to study transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory processes within ACT-treated cancer cells. In these models ACT consistently causes robust tumor regression, but resistance develops and tumors relapse. We identified down-regulated expression of immunogenic antigens at the mRNA level correlated with escape from immune control. To determine whether this down-regulation was under epigenetic control, we treated escaped tumor cells with DNA demethylating agents, azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DEC). AZA or DEC treatment restored antigen expression in a proportion of the tumor population. To explore the importance of other epigenetic modifications we isolated tumor cells refractory to DNA demethylation and screened clones against a panel of 19 different epigenetic modifying agents (EMAs). The library of EMAs included inhibitors of a range of chromosomal and transcription regulatory protein complexes, however, when tested as single agents none restored further antigen expression. These findings suggest that tumor cells employ multiple epigenetic and genetic mechanisms to evade immune control, and a combinatorial approach employing several EMAs targeting transcription and genome stability may be required to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wylie
- Phylogica, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Catherine A Forbes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mitchell Booth
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Shane R Stone
- Phylogica, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Anthony Buzzai
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ana Abad
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mark N Cruickshank
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
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26
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Want MY, Lugade AA, Battaglia S, Odunsi K. Nature of tumour rejection antigens in ovarian cancer. Immunology 2018; 155:202-210. [PMID: 29772069 PMCID: PMC6142289 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major progress in the analysis of human immune responses to cancer has been made through the molecular characterization of human tumour antigens. The development of therapeutic strategies for eliciting immune-mediated rejection of tumours has accelerated due to the elucidation of the molecular basis for tumour cell recognition and destruction by immune cells. Of the various human tumour antigens defined to date in ovarian cancer, the cancer-testis (CT) family of antigens have been studied extensively preclinically and clinically because of their testis-restricted expression in normal tissues and ability to elicit robust immune responses. Recent developments in cancer sequencing technologies offer a unique opportunity to identify tumour mutations with the highest likelihood of being expressed and recognized by the immune system. Such mutations, or neoantigens, could potentially serve as specific immune targets for T-cell-mediated destruction of cancer cells. This review will highlight current work in selecting tumour rejection antigens in ovarian cancer for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Y. Want
- Center For ImmunotherapyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Amit A. Lugade
- Center For ImmunotherapyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center For ImmunotherapyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
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27
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Thomas R, Al-Khadairi G, Roelands J, Hendrickx W, Dermime S, Bedognetti D, Decock J. NY-ESO-1 Based Immunotherapy of Cancer: Current Perspectives. Front Immunol 2018; 9:947. [PMID: 29770138 PMCID: PMC5941317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 or New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 is a well-known cancer-testis antigen (CTAs) with re-expression in numerous cancer types. Its ability to elicit spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses, together with its restricted expression pattern, have rendered it a good candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide background information on NY-ESO-1 expression and function in normal and cancerous tissues. Furthermore, NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses have been observed in various cancer types; however, their utility as biomarkers are not well determined. Finally, we describe the immune-based therapeutic options targeting NY-ESO-1 that are currently in clinical trial. We will highlight the recent advancements made in NY-ESO-1 cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and combinatorial treatment with checkpoint inhibitors and will discuss the current trends for future NY-ESO-1 based immunotherapy. Cancer treatment has been revolutionized over the last few decades with immunotherapy emerging at the forefront. Immune-based interventions have shown promising results, providing a new treatment avenue for durable clinical responses in various cancer types. The majority of successful immunotherapy studies have been reported in liquid cancers, whereas these approaches have met many challenges in solid cancers. Effective immunotherapy in solid cancers is hampered by the complex, dynamic tumor microenvironment that modulates the extent and phenotype of the antitumor immune response. Furthermore, many solid tumor-associated antigens are not private but can be found in normal somatic tissues, resulting in minor to detrimental off-target toxicities. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to identify tumor-specific antigens to target using various immune-based modalities. CTAs are considered good candidate targets for immunotherapy as they are characterized by a restricted expression in normal somatic tissues concomitant with a re-expression in solid epithelial cancers. Moreover, several CTAs have been found to induce a spontaneous immune response, NY-ESO-1 being the most immunogenic among the family members. Hence, this review will focus on NY-ESO-1 and discuss the past and current NY-ESO-1 targeted immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Thomas
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghaneya Al-Khadairi
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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28
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Involvement of X-chromosome Reactivation in Augmenting Cancer Testis Antigens Expression: A Hypothesis. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:19-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Hersh DS, Peng S, Dancy JG, Galisteo R, Eschbacher JM, Castellani RJ, Heath JE, Legesse T, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Tran NL, Winkles JA. Differential expression of the TWEAK receptor Fn14 in IDH1 wild-type and mutant gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:241-250. [PMID: 29453678 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The TNF receptor superfamily member Fn14 is overexpressed by many solid tumor types, including glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal form of adult brain cancer. GBM is notable for a highly infiltrative growth pattern and several groups have reported that high Fn14 expression levels can increase tumor cell invasiveness. We reported previously that the mesenchymal and proneural GBM transcriptomic subtypes expressed the highest and lowest levels of Fn14 mRNA, respectively. Given the recent histopathological re-classification of human gliomas by the World Health Organization based on isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene mutation status, we extended this work by comparing Fn14 gene expression in IDH1 wild-type (WT) and mutant (R132H) gliomas and in cell lines engineered to overexpress the IDH1 R132H enzyme. We found that both low-grade and high-grade (i.e., GBM) IDH1 R132H gliomas exhibit low Fn14 mRNA and protein levels compared to IDH1 WT gliomas. Forced overexpression of the IDH1 R132H protein in glioma cells reduced Fn14 expression, while treatment of IDH1 R132H-overexpressing cells with the IDH1 R132H inhibitor AGI-5198 or the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased Fn14 expression. These results support a role for Fn14 in the more aggressive and invasive phenotype associated with IDH1 WT tumors and indicate that the low levels of Fn14 gene expression noted in IDH1 R132H mutant gliomas may be due to epigenetic regulation via changes in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jimena G Dancy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rebeca Galisteo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB BioPark One Room 320, 800 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan E Heath
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Teklu Legesse
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB BioPark One Room 320, 800 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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30
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Wang H, Guo Q, Zhu G, Zhu S, Yang P, Zhang M. microRNA-452 exerts growth-suppressive activity against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Investig Med 2018; 66:773-779. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer. Although microRNA (miR)-452 serves as a tumor suppressor in multiple solid tumors, its expression and function in hematological cancers including T-ALL is largely unknown. We measured the expression of miR-452 in 38 T-ALL and 22 normal lymph node samples by real-time PCR analysis. The methylation levels in the promoter of miR-452 were determined using MethyLight assay. The effects of miR-452 overexpression on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and tumorigenesis were explored. It was found that miR-452 expression levels were significantly lower in T-ALL specimens than in normal lymph node biopsies (P=0.0079). T-ALL specimens had a significantly higher methylation level in the promoter of miR-452 than normal lymph node tissues (P=0.0014). Consistently, miR-452 was downregulated in Jurkat and Molt-4 T-ALL cells, whose expression was restored after treatment with a demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Ectopic expression of miR-452 inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat and Molt-4 cells and induced a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of miR-452 suppressed the protein expression of BMI1 in T-ALL cells. Rescue experiments revealed that overexpression of BMI1 partially reversed the growth-suppressive effect of miR-452 on T-ALL cells. Xenograft tumor studies confirmed that overexpression of miR-452 suppressed tumor growth in nude mice and reduced the expression of BMI1. Collectively, miR-452 is epigenetically silenced and targets BMI1 to exert a growth suppressive activity in T-ALL. Restoration of miR-452 expression may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for this malignancy.
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31
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Neek M, Tucker JA, Kim TI, Molino NM, Nelson EL, Wang SW. Co-delivery of human cancer-testis antigens with adjuvant in protein nanoparticles induces higher cell-mediated immune responses. Biomaterials 2017; 156:194-203. [PMID: 29202325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest as cancer vaccine delivery vehicles for inducing sufficient CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses to overcome the low immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment. Our studies described here are the first to examine the effects of clinically-tested human cancer-testis (CT) peptide epitopes within a synthetic nanoparticle. Specifically, we focused on two significant clinical CT targets, the HLA-A2 restricted epitopes of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3, using a viral-mimetic packaging strategy. Our data shows that simultaneous delivery of a NY-ESO-1 epitope (SLLMWITQV) and CpG using the E2 subunit assembly of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2 nanoparticle), resulted in a 25-fold increase in specific IFN-γ secretion in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. This translated to a 15-fold increase in lytic activity toward target cancer cells expressing the antigen. Immunization with a MAGE-A3 epitope (FLWGPRALV) delivered with CpG in E2 nanoparticles yielded an increase in specific IFN-γ secretion and cell lysis by 6-fold and 9-fold, respectively. Furthermore, combined delivery of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3 antigens in E2 nanoparticles yielded an additive effect that increased lytic activity towards cells bearing NY-ESO-1+ and MAGE-A3+. Our investigations demonstrate that formulation of CT antigens within a nanoparticle can significantly enhance antigen-specific cell-mediated responses, and the combination of the two antigens in a vaccine can preserve the increased individual responses that are observed for each antigen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Neek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jo Anne Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas M Molino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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32
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Li Y, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chu J, Sun C, Fu Z, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yuan H, Yin Y. Roles of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:64-73. [PMID: 28274891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the US. For breast cancer, early diagnosis and efficient therapy remains a significant clinical challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel tumor associated molecules to target for biomarker development and immunotherapy. In this regard, cancer testis antigens (CTAs) have emerged as a potential clinical biomarker targeting immunotherapy for various malignancies due to the nature of its characteristics. CTAs are a group of tumor associated antigens (TAAs) that display normal expression in immune-privileged organs, but display aberrant expression in several types of cancers, particularly in advanced cancers. Investigation of CTAs for the clinical management of breast malignancies indicates that these TAAs have potential roles as novel biomarkers, with increased specificity and sensitivity compared to those currently used in the clinic. Moreover, TAAs could be therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review is an attempt to address the promising CTAs in breast cancer and their possible clinical implications as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets with particular focus on challenges and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hansheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing 210004, China.
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33
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Clinical and biological effects of demethylating agents on solid tumours – A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 54:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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34
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Wu XF, Wang YD, Hu Y. [Advances in CAR- T therapy for patients with multiple myeloma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:921-925. [PMID: 27801331 PMCID: PMC7364869 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X F Wu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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35
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Frazzi R, Auffray C, Ferrari A, Filippini P, Rutella S, Cesario A. Integrative systems medicine approaches to identify molecular targets in lymphoid malignancies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:252. [PMID: 27580852 PMCID: PMC5007715 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although survival rates for lymphoproliferative disorders are steadily increasing both in the US and in Europe, there is need for optimizing front-line therapies and developing more effective salvage strategies. Recent advances in molecular genetics have highlighted the biological diversity of lymphoproliferative disorders. In particular, integrative approaches including whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and transcriptome or RNA sequencing have been instrumental to the identification of molecular targets for treatment. Herein, we will discuss how genomic, epigenomic and proteomic approaches in lymphoproliferative disorders have supported the discovery of molecular lesions and their therapeutic targeting in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Frazzi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, IRCCS "Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova", Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), Paris, France
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Division of Hematology, IRCCS "Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova", Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Perla Filippini
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Alfredo Cesario
- Clinical Governance and International Research Activities, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,European Association of Systems Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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