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Harbrecht BG, Miller KR, Egger ME, Nash NA, Doan R, Georgel J, Franklin GA, Smith JW, Bozeman MC, Benns MV. A Decade of Analysis of Unplanned Extubation Etiology in Trauma Patients Including the Impact of the COVID Pandemic. Respir Care 2023; 69:respcare.10868. [PMID: 37751930 PMCID: PMC10753617 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unplanned extubations (UEs) in injured patients are potentially fatal, but etiology and patient characteristics are not well described. We have been prospectively characterizing the etiology of UEs after we identified a high rate of UEs and implemented an educational program to address it. This period of monitoring included the years of the COVID-19 pandemic that produced high rates of workforce turnover in many hospitals, dramatically affecting nursing and respiratory therapy services. We hypothesized that frequency of UEs would depend on the etiology and that the workforce changes produced by the COVID-19 pandemic would increase UEs. METHODS This study was a prospective tracking and retrospective review of trauma registry and performance improvement data from 2012-2021. RESULTS UE subjects were younger, were more frequently male, were diagnosed more frequently with pneumonia (38% vs 27%), and had longer hospital (19 d vs 15 d) and ICU length of stay (LOS) (12 d vs 10 d) (all P < .05). Most UEs were due to patient factors (self-extubation) that decreased after education, while UEs from other etiologies (mechanical, provider) were stable. Subjects with UEs from mechanical or provider etiologies had longer ICU LOS, higher mortality, and were less likely to be discharged home. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with more total patient admissions and more days of ventilator use, but the rate of UEs was not changed. CONCLUSIONS UEs were decreased by education with ongoing tracking, and UEs from patient factors were associated with better outcome than other etiologies. Workforce changes produced by the COVID-19 pandemic did not change the rate of UEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Harbrecht
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky.
| | - Keith R Miller
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Michael E Egger
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Nicholas A Nash
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Regina Doan
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Jiliene Georgel
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Glen A Franklin
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Jason W Smith
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Matthew C Bozeman
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
| | - Matthew V Benns
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky
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Ferreira JCD, Nascimento MS, Brandi S, do Prado C, Cintra CDC, Almeida JF, Malheiro DT, Capone A. Quality improvement project to reduce unplanned extubations in a paediatric intensive care unit. BMJ Open Qual 2023; 12:bmjoq-2022-002060. [PMID: 36941011 PMCID: PMC10030672 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unplanned extubations are recurrent adverse events in mechanically ventilated children and have been the focus of quality and safety improvement in paediatric intensive care units (ICUs). LOCAL PROBLEM To reduce the rate of unplanned extubation in the paediatric ICU by 66% (from 2.02 to 0.7). METHODS This is a quality improvement project that was conducted in a paediatric ICU of a private hospital at the quaternary level. All hospitalised patients who used invasive mechanical ventilation between October 2018 and August 2019 were included. INTERVENTIONS The project was based on the Improvement Model methodology of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement to implement change strategies. The main ideas of change were innovation in the endotracheal tube fixation model, evaluation of the endotracheal tube positioning, good practices of physical restraint, sedation monitoring, family education and engagement and checklist for prevention of unplanned extubation, with Plan-Do-Study-Act, the tool chosen to test and implement ideas for change. RESULTS The actions reduced the unplanned extubation rate to zero in our institution and sustained this result for a period of 2 years, totalling 743 days without any event. An estimate was made comparing cases with unplanned extubation and controls without the occurrence of this adverse event, which resulted in savings of R$955 096.65 (US$179 540.41) during the 2 years after the implementation of the improvement actions. CONCLUSION The improvement project conducted in the 11-month period reduced the unplanned extubation rate to zero in our institution and sustained this result for a period of 743 days. Adherence to the new fixation model and the creation of a new restrictor model, which enabled the implementation of good practices of physical restraint were the ideas of change that had the greatest impact in achieving this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Siciliano Nascimento
- Diretoria da Unidade Hospitalar Morumbi e de Práticas Assistenciais, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Brandi
- Diretoria da Unidade Hospitalar Morumbi e de Práticas Assistenciais, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Prado
- Departamento Materno-infantil, Hospital Israelita Albert Eisntein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Fernando Almeida
- Departamento Materno-infantil, Hospital Israelita Albert Eisntein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Capone
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wu J, Liu Z, Shen D, Luo Z, Xiao Z, Liu Y, Huang H. Prevention of unplanned endotracheal extubation in intensive care unit: An overview of systematic reviews. Nurs Open 2023; 10:392-403. [PMID: 35971250 PMCID: PMC9834196 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was performed to identify and summarize systematic reviews focusing on the prevention of unplanned endotracheal extubation in the intensive care unit. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews. METHODS This overview was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Systematic Reviews, including the harms checklist. A literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAH, Embase, Web of Science, SINOMED and PROSPERO was performed from January 1, 2005-June 1, 2021. A systematic review focusing on unplanned extubation was included, resulting in an evidence summary. RESULTS Thirteen systematic reviews were included. A summary of evidence on unplanned endotracheal extubation was developed, and the main contents were risk factors, preventive measures and prognosis. The most important nursing measures were restraint, fixation of the tracheal tube, continuous quality improvement, psychological care and use of a root cause analysis for the occurrence of unplanned endotracheal extubation. CONCLUSIONS This overview re-evaluated risk factors and preventive measures for unplanned endotracheal extubation in the intensive care unit, resulting in a summary of evidence for preventing unplanned endotracheal extubation and providing direction for future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS The study was registered on the PROSPERO website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College Affiliated First Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Shantou University Medical College Affiliated First HospitalShantouChina
| | - Danqiao Shen
- Shantou University Medical College Affiliated First HospitalShantouChina
| | - Zebing Luo
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Zewei Xiao
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yeling Liu
- Shantou University Medical College Affiliated First HospitalShantouChina
| | - Haixing Huang
- Shantou University Medical College Affiliated First Hospital, No.57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Chang TC, Cheng AC, Hsing SC, Chan KS, Chou W, Chen CM. Risk factors for reintubation and mortality among patients who had unplanned extubation. Nurs Crit Care 2023; 28:56-62. [PMID: 35434930 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unplanned extubation (UE) occurs among 2%-16% of patients with mechanical ventilation (MV). Failed UE requiring reintubation could be associated with several adverse events. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with UE in intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS We prospectively registered the patients who had UE and retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records for 96-bed ICUs between 1 January 2009, and 31 December 2020. RESULTS A total of 392 patients had UE, and 234 patients (59.7%) were ≥65 years (older adult group). The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were 17 and the median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 10. In total, 205 patients (52.3%) were reintubated within 48 h (due to failed UE) and 75 patients (19.1%) died during hospitalization. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate those factors predicting failed UE and mortality. These analyses demonstrated that higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and the admission APACHE II scores predicted failed UE. A higher fraction of inspiration O2 (FiO2 ) and minute ventilation; lower haemoglobin (Hb); and higher instances of liver cirrhosis, cancer, and failed UE were independently associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSION We concluded that among patients who had UE, higher FiO2 or minute ventilation, or under MV or with lower Hb, liver cirrhosis, cancer, and failed UE tended to have higher mortality. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Patients with high disease severity indices who have an increased risk of UE required special attention to techniques to prevent endotracheal tubes from accidental removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chia Chang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Chin Cheng
- Section of Respiratory Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsing
- Section of Respiratory Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhang P, Liu LP. Validation of a Risk Assessment Tool for Unplanned Endotracheal Extubation: An Observational Study. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1438-1444. [PMID: 35499156 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221088897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate and determine the sensitivity and specificity of the risk assessment tool for unplanned endotracheal extubation. Unplanned endotracheal extubation is a common adverse event. The rate of unplanned endotracheal extubation is an indicator to measure patient safety and medical quality. This study was conducted in five intensive care units in a tertiary-A hospital. A total of 227 samples encounters were obtained from 147 unique patients. The content validity was 0.91, and the item content validity ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. Cronbach's α was .58, the interrater reliability was .93. The area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI [0.84, 0.94], p < 0.01), the sensitivity was 87.80%, and the specificity was 74.20%. This tool presented good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the risk of unplanned endotracheal extubation in patients with artificial airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
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Laverde-Sabogal CE, Espinosa-Almanza CJ, Patiño-Hernández D, Rodríguez-Escallón H, Aguado-Valderrama JC, Lara-Monsalve P. Risk factors of self-extubation in intensive care. Retrospective cohort study. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5554/22562087.e1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute respiratory failure remains one of the three leading causes of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Self-extubation is an adverse outcome requiring reintubation in 50% of cases.
Objective: To assess for determinants (risk factors) of self-extubation and mortality in the ICU by using a generalized estimation equation model (GEE).
Methods: The data was collected from a retrospective cohort study from 2017-2020 including all patients admitted to the ICU with mechanical ventilation. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. Then, a GEE model was conducted to predict the risk of self-extubation and mortality.
Results: A total of 857 subjects were included, with a mean age of 60.5 +/- 17 years-old. Most of the subjects were males (55.2%). An 8.99-fold risk (95%CI 3.83-21.1, p<0.01) of self-extubation was identified in patients with agitation. Exposure to infusion of neuromuscular blockade was also found to increase the risk of self-extubation 3.37 times (95%CI 1.31-8.68, p=0.01). No associations were identified between immobilization and self-extubation (OR 1.38 95%CI 0.76-2.51, p=0.29). Finally, light sedation according to the Richmond Sedation Scale (RASS) between 0 to -2 rather than moderate (RASS-3) reduces the risk of mortality (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.38-0.83, p<0.01).
Conclusions: The main factors resulting in self-extubation were: agitation, delirium, and infusion of neuromuscular blocking agents. An association was found between light sedation and a lower risk of mortality. No association was found between the use of physical restraint and the desired outcome.
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Ju TR, Wang E, Castaneda C, Rathod A, Abe O. Superficial placement of endotracheal tubes associated with unplanned extubation: A case-control study. J Crit Care 2021; 67:39-43. [PMID: 34649093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unplanned extubations (UEs) refer to the inadvertent removal of endotracheal tubes (ETTs). Superficially placed ETTs anecdotally increases the risk of UEs. This study aims to assess the impact of ETT position as well as other factors that could be associated with risk of UEs. METHOD A retrospective case-control study was conducted at NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital from January 2017 to February 2020. All adults admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) who received mechanical ventilation (MV) through ETTs were screened to identify UEs. For each case with UE, two controls with planned extubation were identified. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors associated with UEs. RESULTS 1100 patients received MV through ETTs during the time period. The incidence of UE was 4.9%. 53 patients with UEs and 106 patients with planned extubation were included for statistical analysis. Overall, patients with UE had higher in-hospital mortality rates (26.4% versus 11.3%, P = 0.02) and reintubation rates (28.3% versus 6.6%, P < 0.001). Within the UE group, patients who required reintubation had significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates than those who did not require reintubation (53.3% versus 15.8%, P = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression showed higher APACHE II scores (Odds ratios (OR) 1.07; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1 to 1.13), distance of ETT tips to carina ≥6 cm (OR 6.41; 95% CI, 1.1 to 37.3), physical restraint use (OR 2.98; 95% CI, 1.28 to 6.95) and continuous infusions of sedatives and/or analgesics (OR 10.72, 95% CI, 4.19 to 27.43) were associated with UE. CONCLUSION UE and the need for reintubation is associated with worse outcomes. Distance of ETT tips to carina ≥6 cm may be associated with higher risks of UE. Further prospective studies are needed to establish the optimal position of ETT to prevent UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teressa Reanne Ju
- Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA.
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Christian Castaneda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Anisha Rathod
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Olumayowa Abe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, New York, United States of America
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Egi M, Ogura H, Yatabe T, Atagi K, Inoue S, Iba T, Kakihana Y, Kawasaki T, Kushimoto S, Kuroda Y, Kotani J, Shime N, Taniguchi T, Tsuruta R, Doi K, Doi M, Nakada TA, Nakane M, Fujishima S, Hosokawa N, Masuda Y, Matsushima A, Matsuda N, Yamakawa K, Hara Y, Sakuraya M, Ohshimo S, Aoki Y, Inada M, Umemura Y, Kawai Y, Kondo Y, Saito H, Taito S, Takeda C, Terayama T, Tohira H, Hashimoto H, Hayashida K, Hifumi T, Hirose T, Fukuda T, Fujii T, Miura S, Yasuda H, Abe T, Andoh K, Iida Y, Ishihara T, Ide K, Ito K, Ito Y, Inata Y, Utsunomiya A, Unoki T, Endo K, Ouchi A, Ozaki M, Ono S, Katsura M, Kawaguchi A, Kawamura Y, Kudo D, Kubo K, Kurahashi K, Sakuramoto H, Shimoyama A, Suzuki T, Sekine S, Sekino M, Takahashi N, Takahashi S, Takahashi H, Tagami T, Tajima G, Tatsumi H, Tani M, Tsuchiya A, Tsutsumi Y, Naito T, Nagae M, Nagasawa I, Nakamura K, Nishimura T, Nunomiya S, Norisue Y, Hashimoto S, Hasegawa D, Hatakeyama J, Hara N, Higashibeppu N, Furushima N, Furusono H, Matsuishi Y, Matsuyama T, Minematsu Y, Miyashita R, Miyatake Y, Moriyasu M, Yamada T, Yamada H, Yamamoto R, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Yoshimura J, Yotsumoto R, Yonekura H, Wada T, Watanabe E, Aoki M, Asai H, Abe T, Igarashi Y, Iguchi N, Ishikawa M, Ishimaru G, Isokawa S, Itakura R, Imahase H, Imura H, Irinoda T, Uehara K, Ushio N, Umegaki T, Egawa Y, Enomoto Y, Ota K, Ohchi Y, Ohno T, Ohbe H, Oka K, Okada N, Okada Y, Okano H, Okamoto J, Okuda H, Ogura T, Onodera Y, Oyama Y, Kainuma M, Kako E, Kashiura M, Kato H, Kanaya A, Kaneko T, Kanehata K, Kano KI, Kawano H, Kikutani K, Kikuchi H, Kido T, Kimura S, Koami H, Kobashi D, Saiki I, Sakai M, Sakamoto A, Sato T, Shiga Y, Shimoto M, Shimoyama S, Shoko T, Sugawara Y, Sugita A, Suzuki S, Suzuki Y, Suhara T, Sonota K, Takauji S, Takashima K, Takahashi S, Takahashi Y, Takeshita J, Tanaka Y, Tampo A, Tsunoyama T, Tetsuhara K, Tokunaga K, Tomioka Y, Tomita K, Tominaga N, Toyosaki M, Toyoda Y, Naito H, Nagata I, Nagato T, Nakamura Y, Nakamori Y, Nahara I, Naraba H, Narita C, Nishioka N, Nishimura T, Nishiyama K, Nomura T, Haga T, Hagiwara Y, Hashimoto K, Hatachi T, Hamasaki T, Hayashi T, Hayashi M, Hayamizu A, Haraguchi G, Hirano Y, Fujii R, Fujita M, Fujimura N, Funakoshi H, Horiguchi M, Maki J, Masunaga N, Matsumura Y, Mayumi T, Minami K, Miyazaki Y, Miyamoto K, Murata T, Yanai M, Yano T, Yamada K, Yamada N, Yamamoto T, Yoshihiro S, Tanaka H, Nishida O. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020). J Intensive Care 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 34433491 PMCID: PMC8384927 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-021-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock. We aimed to provide high-quality guidelines that are easy to use and understand for specialists, general clinicians, and multidisciplinary medical professionals. J-SSCG 2016 took up new subjects that were not present in SSCG 2016 (e.g., ICU-acquired weakness [ICU-AW], post-intensive care syndrome [PICS], and body temperature management). The J-SSCG 2020 covered a total of 22 areas with four additional new areas (patient- and family-centered care, sepsis treatment system, neuro-intensive treatment, and stress ulcers). A total of 118 important clinical issues (clinical questions, CQs) were extracted regardless of the presence or absence of evidence. These CQs also include those that have been given particular focus within Japan. This is a large-scale guideline covering multiple fields; thus, in addition to the 25 committee members, we had the participation and support of a total of 226 members who are professionals (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, clinical engineers, and pharmacists) and medical workers with a history of sepsis or critical illness. The GRADE method was adopted for making recommendations, and the modified Delphi method was used to determine recommendations by voting from all committee members.As a result, 79 GRADE-based recommendations, 5 Good Practice Statements (GPS), 18 expert consensuses, 27 answers to background questions (BQs), and summaries of definitions and diagnosis of sepsis were created as responses to 118 CQs. We also incorporated visual information for each CQ according to the time course of treatment, and we will also distribute this as an app. The J-SSCG 2020 is expected to be widely used as a useful bedside guideline in the field of sepsis treatment both in Japan and overseas involving multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritoki Egi
- Department of Surgery Related, Division of Anesthesiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho 7-5-2, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Yatabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Atagi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nara Prefectural General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kakihana
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuroda
- Department of Emergency, Disaster, and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of Surgery Related, Division of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shime
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsuruta
- Acute and General Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Acute Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Doi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakane
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Seitaro Fujishima
- Center for General Medicine Education, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Hosokawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Masuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Matsushima
- Department of Advancing Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yamakawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sakuraya
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Aoki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mai Inada
- Member of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Umemura
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawai
- Department of Nursing, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Taito
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Support and Practice, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikashi Takeda
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takero Terayama
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine/Infectious Disease, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashida
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Toru Hifumi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujii
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Miura
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hideto Yasuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Abe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kohkichi Andoh
- Division of Anesthesiology, Division of Intensive Care, Division of Emergency and Critical Care, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Iida
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi Sozo University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishihara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Ito
- Department of General Pediatrics, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Inata
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Akemi Utsunomiya
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Unoki
- Department of Acute and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Endo
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ouchi
- College of Nursing, Ibaraki Christian University, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ozaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ono
- Gastroenterological Center, Shinkuki General Hospital, Kuki, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kubo
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoyasu Kurahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | | | - Akira Shimoyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shusuke Sekine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekino
- Division of Intensive Care, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sei Takahashi
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Goro Tajima
- Nagasaki University Hospital Acute and Critical Care Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tatsumi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Tani
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Asuka Tsuchiya
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takaki Naito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagae
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nishimura
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Nunomiya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Intensive Care, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Norisue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Junji Hatakeyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hara
- Department of Pharmacy, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Higashibeppu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Nutrition Support Team, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nana Furushima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Furusono
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tsukuba Hospital/Exult Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yujiro Matsuishi
- Doctoral program in Clinical Sciences. Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minematsu
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Miyashita
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyatake
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Moriyasu
- Division of Respiratory Care and Rapid Response System, Intensive Care Center, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toru Yamada
- Department of Nursing, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yoshida
- Nursing Department, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yoshimura
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yonekura
- Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eizo Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Makoto Aoki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideki Asai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takakuni Abe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Igarashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Iguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masami Ishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kure Kyosai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Go Ishimaru
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Soka Municipal Hospital, Soka, Japan
| | - Shutaro Isokawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Itakura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Imahase
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Imura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Uehara
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Iwakuni, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ushio
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Umegaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yuko Egawa
- Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Enomoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kohei Ota
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ohchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takanori Ohno
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobunaga Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Primary care and Emergency medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Okamoto
- Department of ER, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, Hashimoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogura
- Tochigi prefectural Emergency and Critical Care Center, Imperial Gift Foundation Saiseikai, Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yu Onodera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuhta Oyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dialysis Center, Kichijoji Asahi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Kainuma
- Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, and Intensive Care Division, Inazawa Municipal Hospital, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kako
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya-City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kashiura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanaya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaneko
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Keita Kanehata
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Onga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikutani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sho Kimura
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koami
- Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Daisuke Kobashi
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Iwao Saiki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Sakai
- Department of General Medicine Shintakeo Hospital, Takeo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Tohoku University Hospital Emergency Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Joint Function and Reconstructive Spine Surgery, Graduate school of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Shimoto
- Department of Primary care and Emergency medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Shimoyama
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Shoko
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Sugawara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsunori Sugita
- Department of Acute Medicine, Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Intensive Care, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suhara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonota
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takauji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Takashima
- Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Koga General Hospital, Koga, Japan
| | - Jun Takeshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Yuuki Tanaka
- Fukuoka Prefectural Psychiatric Center, Dazaifu Hospital, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Akihito Tampo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tsunoyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tetsuhara
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tokunaga
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tomioka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Todachuo General Hospital, Toda, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomita
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tominaga
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Toyosaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Toyoda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Naito
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Nagata
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nagato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Nahara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromu Naraba
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Narita
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishioka
- Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishimura
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Nishiyama
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nomura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Haga
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hashimoto
- Research Associate of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatachi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hamasaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Hayashi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsuki Hayamizu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saitama Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Kuki, Japan
| | - Go Haraguchi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Hirano
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujii
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Tochigi Prefectural Emergency and Critical Care Center, Imperial Foundation Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Motoki Fujita
- Acute and General Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiraku Funakoshi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Masahito Horiguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Maki
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Masunaga
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumura
- Department of Intensive Care, Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Mayumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Municipal Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Minami
- Ishikawa Prefectual Central Hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Miyazaki
- Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Murata
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Machi Yanai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takao Yano
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yamamoto
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nara Prefectural General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Shodai Yoshihiro
- Pharmaceutical Department, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Cui N, Qiu R, Zhang Y, Jin J. "Patient Comfort Can Be Sacrificed for Patient Safety"-Perception and Practice Reported by Critical Care Nurses Toward Physical Restraints: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:573601. [PMID: 34368171 PMCID: PMC8342939 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.573601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the perception and practice of physical restraints used by critical care nurses. Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Method: From December 2019 to May 2020, a one-to-one, semi-structured in-depth interview with 10 critical care nurses from two intensive care units in a tertiary general hospital with 3,200 beds in China was conducted using the method of purposeful sampling. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings: The perception of physical restraints among critical care nurses was that patient comfort can be sacrificed for patient safety. Physical restraints protected patient safety by preventing patients from unplanned extubation but influenced patient comfort. Physical restraints were common practice of critical care nurses. Relative physical restraints provided patients with more freedom of movement and rationalization of physical restraints which were the practical strategies. Conclusion: The study identified problems in critical care nurses' perception and practice on physical restraints. Critical care nurses are confident that physical restraints can protect patient safety, and the influence of physical restraints on patient comfort is just like the side effect. Although physical restraints were common practice, critical care nurses still faced dilemmas in the implementation of physical restraints. Relative physical restraints and rationalization of physical restraints help critical care nurses cope with the “bad feelings,” which may also be the cause of unplanned extubation. It is necessary for the adaptation of clinical practice guidelines about physical restraints for critically ill patients in the Chinese context, to change the perception and practice of critical care nurses and deliver safe and high-quality patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqi Cui
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Qiu
- Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingfen Jin
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China.,Changxing Branch Hospital of SAHZU, Huzhou, China
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Olds D, Cramer E. Predictors of physical restraint use on critical care units: An observational structural equation modeling approach. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 118:103925. [PMID: 33853022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifiable unit characteristics, including nurse work environment, education, certification, and staffing have been shown to impact patient safety. Physical restraints are an important patient safety issue, however the relationships between these modifiable unit characteristics and physical restraint use on critical care units has not been explored. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine the role of nursing work environment, nurse education and certification, and nurse staffing on physical restraint use. DESIGN The study was a secondary analysis of 2017-2018 unit-level restraint rates from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators linked to Registered Nurse survey and hospital characteristics data. METHODS Work environment was examined at the unit-level using total Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and subscale scores. Unit-level nurse expertise included the percent of nurses with at least a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree and percent with certification. Nurse staffing was the unit-level Registered Nurse hours per patient day and skill mix. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and Structural Equation Modeling. We used a first order model to estimate predicted restraint use from the five subscales of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. A higher order model predicted restraint use from a total work environment factor score. RESULTS The sample included 408 critical care units from 226 hospitals. Mean restraint rate was 15% (SD 12, range 0-53%). In the first-order model, the Collegial Nurse-Physician Relations subscale had a positive relationship with restraint use (β = 0.167, 95% confidence interval 0.010-0.333). In the higher order model, the total work environment score had a negative relationship with restraint use (β = -0.088, 95% confidence -0.178- -0.014). Registered Nurse hours per patient day had a negative relationship to restraint use in both the first order (β = -0.114, 95% confidence interval -0.222--0.025) and higher order models (β = -0.117, 95% confidence interval -0.223- -0.012). CONCLUSION We found that better nurse-physician relationships were associated with higher restraint use. This finding is supported by previous literature and may reflect physician trust in nursing judgement when using restraints. However, a better work environment overall was associated with lower restraint rates. Further, Registered Nurse hours per patient day, but not skill mix, was associated with lower restraint rates. We conclude that improving the overall nurse work environment and nurse staffing, as well as using interprofessional interventions, may be successful in decreasing restraint use on critical care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Olds
- Research Assistant Professor, University of Kansas School of Nursing USA.
| | - Emily Cramer
- Research Associate Professor, University of Kansas School of Nursing USA
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11
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Zhang P, Liu LP. Design of assessment tool for unplanned endotracheal extubation of artificial airway patients. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1696-1703. [PMID: 33616306 PMCID: PMC8186713 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Unplanned endotracheal extubation (UEE) is one of the most common adverse events reported in patients with artificial airway. Current research in UEE is mostly limited to the summary of risk factors and analysis of prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to develop an assessment tool for medical staff to assess the risk of unplanned extubation in endotracheal intubation patients. Design The design was a qualitative study. Methods Based on literature review, group discussion, pre‐investigation, the initial risk assessment scale on unplanned extubation for endotracheal intubation patients was established. Fifteen experts from thirteen tertiary‐A hospitals across eight provinces participated in two rounds of Delphi panel. Results The risk assessment tool on unplanned extubation for endotracheal intubation patients was established by the Delphi method. It was composed of 11 indicators, which got agreement among two rounds panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Torres GM, Nascimento ERPD, Hermida PMV, Malfussi LBHD, Galetto SGDS. Care for unplanned extubation prevention: analysis of the validity of an instrument's content. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 74:e20180998. [PMID: 33567053 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the validity of a nursing care instrument content for unplanned extubation prevention in Intensive Care Units. METHODS a methodological study carried out with 40 nurses, containing 26 interventions distributed in the components: agitation/delirium/pain management; respiratory device stability; weaning from sedation and spontaneous breathing assessment; human resource management. Content Validity Index, average and universal proportion, and Fleiss' Kappa coefficient were applied. RESULTS Brazilian female experts stood out, with an average age of 44.9 years and a standard deviation of 7.75 years. Two interventions did not reach a valid Content Validation Index (≥0.78), when considering the set of evaluated criteria. A universal agreement of 4.0% was identified among Brazilians and 26.6% among foreigners. CONCLUSIONS the instrument is relevant and represents "unplanned extubation prevention in Intensive Care Units", which can be implemented in Brazil and in Latin countries, in Brazilian and foreign versions.
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Egi M, Ogura H, Yatabe T, Atagi K, Inoue S, Iba T, Kakihana Y, Kawasaki T, Kushimoto S, Kuroda Y, Kotani J, Shime N, Taniguchi T, Tsuruta R, Doi K, Doi M, Nakada T, Nakane M, Fujishima S, Hosokawa N, Masuda Y, Matsushima A, Matsuda N, Yamakawa K, Hara Y, Sakuraya M, Ohshimo S, Aoki Y, Inada M, Umemura Y, Kawai Y, Kondo Y, Saito H, Taito S, Takeda C, Terayama T, Tohira H, Hashimoto H, Hayashida K, Hifumi T, Hirose T, Fukuda T, Fujii T, Miura S, Yasuda H, Abe T, Andoh K, Iida Y, Ishihara T, Ide K, Ito K, Ito Y, Inata Y, Utsunomiya A, Unoki T, Endo K, Ouchi A, Ozaki M, Ono S, Katsura M, Kawaguchi A, Kawamura Y, Kudo D, Kubo K, Kurahashi K, Sakuramoto H, Shimoyama A, Suzuki T, Sekine S, Sekino M, Takahashi N, Takahashi S, Takahashi H, Tagami T, Tajima G, Tatsumi H, Tani M, Tsuchiya A, Tsutsumi Y, Naito T, Nagae M, Nagasawa I, Nakamura K, Nishimura T, Nunomiya S, Norisue Y, Hashimoto S, Hasegawa D, Hatakeyama J, Hara N, Higashibeppu N, Furushima N, Furusono H, Matsuishi Y, Matsuyama T, Minematsu Y, Miyashita R, Miyatake Y, Moriyasu M, Yamada T, Yamada H, Yamamoto R, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Yoshimura J, Yotsumoto R, Yonekura H, Wada T, Watanabe E, Aoki M, Asai H, Abe T, Igarashi Y, Iguchi N, Ishikawa M, Ishimaru G, Isokawa S, Itakura R, Imahase H, Imura H, Irinoda T, Uehara K, Ushio N, Umegaki T, Egawa Y, Enomoto Y, Ota K, Ohchi Y, Ohno T, Ohbe H, Oka K, Okada N, Okada Y, Okano H, Okamoto J, Okuda H, Ogura T, Onodera Y, Oyama Y, Kainuma M, Kako E, Kashiura M, Kato H, Kanaya A, Kaneko T, Kanehata K, Kano K, Kawano H, Kikutani K, Kikuchi H, Kido T, Kimura S, Koami H, Kobashi D, Saiki I, Sakai M, Sakamoto A, Sato T, Shiga Y, Shimoto M, Shimoyama S, Shoko T, Sugawara Y, Sugita A, Suzuki S, Suzuki Y, Suhara T, Sonota K, Takauji S, Takashima K, Takahashi S, Takahashi Y, Takeshita J, Tanaka Y, Tampo A, Tsunoyama T, Tetsuhara K, Tokunaga K, Tomioka Y, Tomita K, Tominaga N, Toyosaki M, Toyoda Y, Naito H, Nagata I, Nagato T, Nakamura Y, Nakamori Y, Nahara I, Naraba H, Narita C, Nishioka N, Nishimura T, Nishiyama K, Nomura T, Haga T, Hagiwara Y, Hashimoto K, Hatachi T, Hamasaki T, Hayashi T, Hayashi M, Hayamizu A, Haraguchi G, Hirano Y, Fujii R, Fujita M, Fujimura N, Funakoshi H, Horiguchi M, Maki J, Masunaga N, Matsumura Y, Mayumi T, Minami K, Miyazaki Y, Miyamoto K, Murata T, Yanai M, Yano T, Yamada K, Yamada N, Yamamoto T, Yoshihiro S, Tanaka H, Nishida O. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020). Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e659. [PMID: 34484801 PMCID: PMC8390911 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock. We aimed to provide high-quality guidelines that are easy to use and understand for specialists, general clinicians, and multidisciplinary medical professionals. J-SSCG 2016 took up new subjects that were not present in SSCG 2016 (e.g., ICU-acquired weakness [ICU-AW], post-intensive care syndrome [PICS], and body temperature management). The J-SSCG 2020 covered a total of 22 areas with four additional new areas (patient- and family-centered care, sepsis treatment system, neuro-intensive treatment, and stress ulcers). A total of 118 important clinical issues (clinical questions, CQs) were extracted regardless of the presence or absence of evidence. These CQs also include those that have been given particular focus within Japan. This is a large-scale guideline covering multiple fields; thus, in addition to the 25 committee members, we had the participation and support of a total of 226 members who are professionals (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, clinical engineers, and pharmacists) and medical workers with a history of sepsis or critical illness. The GRADE method was adopted for making recommendations, and the modified Delphi method was used to determine recommendations by voting from all committee members. As a result, 79 GRADE-based recommendations, 5 Good Practice Statements (GPS), 18 expert consensuses, 27 answers to background questions (BQs), and summaries of definitions and diagnosis of sepsis were created as responses to 118 CQs. We also incorporated visual information for each CQ according to the time course of treatment, and we will also distribute this as an app. The J-SSCG 2020 is expected to be widely used as a useful bedside guideline in the field of sepsis treatment both in Japan and overseas involving multiple disciplines.
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Chang YC, Campbell ML, Yen WJ, Yang CC, Peng CK, Chen YJ. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of a Chinese version of respiratory distress observation scale. Heart Lung 2020; 50:166-172. [PMID: 33232932 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd.,Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Jiuan Yen
- School of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Yang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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Thomann S, Zwakhalen S, Richter D, Bauer S, Hahn S. Restraint use in the acute-care hospital setting: A cross-sectional multi-centre study. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 114:103807. [PMID: 33217663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restraints are likely to negatively affect patients' health and therefore a reduction in their usage is recommended for all health-care settings. To date, research on restrictive practices has concentrated on mental health and long-term care settings. In the acute-care hospital setting few studies have been published and these studies mainly focus on physical/mechanical restraints in specific subpopulations and/or on intensive care units. However, to ensure restraints are used as little as possible in the acute-care hospital setting, it seems important to investigate more comprehensively the use of restraints, to include all types of restraints irrespective of ward type or subpopulations and to identify factors associated with restraint use. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate restraint use regardless of ward type in the acute-care hospital setting, including restraint type, reasons for restraint use, process indicators when using restraints and restraint use-associated patient characteristics. METHODS Using a cross-sectional multi-centre design, data were collected by means of an annual international prevalence measurement in acute-care hospitals in Switzerland and Austria. All hospitalised patients aged 18+ who gave informed consent were included. Data were collected at three measurement points between 2016 and 2018. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 29,477 patients hospitalised in 140 hospitals were included in this study. The prevalence rate for the use of at least one restraint over a 30-day period was 8.7% (n = 2577), with mechanical restraints representing the highest proportion of restraint type used (55.0%, n = 1417). The main reason for restraint use was fall prevention (43.8%, n = 1129), followed by confusion or delirious behaviour (20.4%, n = 525). In 64.3% of the cases (n = 1657), restraint use was documented in the patient file. Regular evaluation occurred in 42.9% of the cases (n = 1105). Care dependency had the strongest association with restraint use (odds ratio [OR] 25.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.01-29.78 for completely dependant patients in comparison to completely independent patients), followed by mental and behavioural disorders (OR 2.36, 95% CI 2.15-2.59). CONCLUSIONS Restraints are often utilised in hospitals in complex care situations such as with patients at risk of falling or with delirium. When using restraints the consideration of processes like documentation and evaluation shows great potential for improvement. Standardisation of these processes and education of the interprofessional team could be beneficial for raising awareness and for the sustainable reduction of restraint use. Tweetable abstract: In hospitals restraints are often used in complex care situations. However, their use seems to be insufficiently documented and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Thomann
- Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008 Bern, Switzerland,.
| | - Sandra Zwakhalen
- Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dirk Richter
- Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008 Bern, Switzerland,; Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Bern University Hospital for Mental Health, Murtenstrasse 46, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; University of Bern, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3060 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabine Hahn
- Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008 Bern, Switzerland,.
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Lin PH, Chen CF, Chiu HW, Tai HP, Lee DL, Lai RS. Outcomes of unplanned extubation in ordinary ward are similar to those in intensive care unit: A STROBE-compliant case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14841. [PMID: 30882675 PMCID: PMC6426589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unplanned extubation (UE) may cause considerable adverse effects in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). Previous literature showed inconsistent prognosis in patients with UE. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical implications and outcomes of UE.The intubated adult patients with MV support in our hospital were enrolled, and they were divided into the UE and non-UE groups. Demographic data, admission unit, MV duration, overall weaning rate, and mortality rates were compared. The outcomes of UE in ordinary ward and intensive care unit (ICU) were also assessed.Totally 9245 intubated adult patients were included. UE occurred in 303 (3.5%) patients, and the UE events were 0.27 times/100 MV days. Old age, nonoperation related MV cause, and admission out of the ICU were significant factors associated with UE events. UE patients showed a trend of better overall weaning rate (71.9% vs 66.7%, P = .054) than non-UE. However, the in-hospital mortality rate (25.7% vs 24.8%, P = .713) were similar between the UE and non-UE patients. The reintubation rate of UE patients was 44.1% (142/322). Successful UEs were associated with patients in weaning process (52.8% vs 38.7%, P = .012), and patients received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) support after UE (19.4% vs 3.5%, P < .001). Patients with successful UE had significantly shorter MV days, higher overall weaning rate, and lower mortality than those with unsuccessful UE. Outcomes of UE in ordinary ward and in ICU had similar MV duration, reintubation rate, overall weaning rate, and in-hospital mortality rate.The overall weaning rate and in-hospital mortality rates of the UE and non-UE patients were similar. UE occurred in ordinary ward had similar outcomes to those in ICU. Patients receiving MV should be assessed daily for weaning indications to reduce delayed extubation, and therefore, may decrease UE occurrence. Once the UE happened, NIPPV support may reduce the reintubation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiu-Fan Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung
| | - Hsin-Wei Chiu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsueh-Ping Tai
- Sub-acute Respiratory care ward, Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - David Lin Lee
- Division of Respiratory Therapy
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruay-Sheng Lai
- Division of Respiratory Therapy
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mahmood SA, Mahmood OS, El-Menyar AA, Asim MM, Abdelbari AAA, Chughtai TS, Al-Thani HA. Self-Extubation in Patients with Traumatic Head Injury: Determinants, Complications, and Outcomes. Anesth Essays Res 2019; 13:589-595. [PMID: 31602083 PMCID: PMC6775851 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_92_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-extubation is a common clinical problem associated with mechanical ventilation in trauma patients worldwide. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the predisposing factors, complications, and outcomes of self-extubation in patients with head injury. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Settings The study was conducted in a trauma intensive care unit (TICU). Patients All intubated patients with head injury admitted to TICU between 2013 and 2015 were included in the study. Interventions Planned compared to selfextubation during weaning from sedation. Measurements Risk, predictors, and outcomes of self-extubation were measured. Main Results A total of 321 patients with head injury required mechanical ventilation, of which 39 (12%) had self-extubation and 12 (30.7%) had reintubation. The median Glasgow Coma Scale, head abbreviated injury score, and injury severity score were 9, 3, and 27, respectively. The incidence of self-extubation was 0.92/100 ventilated days. Self-extubated patients were more likely to be older, develop agitation (P = 0.001), and require restraints (P = 0.001) than those who had planned extubation. Furthermore, self-extubation was associated with more use of propofol (P = 0.002) and tramadol (P = 0.001). Patients with self-extubation had higher Ramsay sedation score (P = 0.01), had prolonged hospital length of stay (P = 0.03), and were more likely to develop sepsis (P = 0.003) when compared to the planned extubation group. The overall in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the planned extubation group (P = 0.001). Age-adjusted predictors of self-extubation were sedation use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.06; P = 0.001), restraint use (aOR: 10.4; P = 0.001), and tramadol use (aOR: 7.21; P = 0.01). Conclusions More than one-tenth of patients with traumatic head injury develop self-extubation; this group of patients is more likely to have prescribed tramadol, develop agitation, and have longer hospital length of stay and less sedation use. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the predictors of self-extubation in TICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed A Mahmood
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ayman A El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad M Asim
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Talat Saeed Chughtai
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan A Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Crutchfield P, Gibb TS, Redinger MJ, Ferman D, Livingstone J. The Conditions for Ethical Application of Restraints. Chest 2018; 155:617-625. [PMID: 30578755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of physical restraints, their use in patients is widespread. The best ethical justification for restraining patients is that it prevents them from harming themselves. We argue that even if the empirical evidence supported their effectiveness in achieving this aim, the use of restraints would nevertheless be unethical, so long as well-known exceptions to informed consent fail to apply. Specifically, we argue that ethically justifiable restraint use demands certain necessary and sufficient conditions. These conditions are that the physician obtained informed consent for their application, that their application be medically appropriate, and that restraints be the least liberty-restricting way of achieving the intended benefit. It is a further question whether their application is ever medically appropriate, given the dearth of evidence for their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Crutchfield
- Program in Medical Ethics, Humanities and Law, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine.
| | - Tyler S Gibb
- Program in Medical Ethics, Humanities and Law, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine
| | - Michael J Redinger
- Program in Medical Ethics, Humanities and Law, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine
| | - Daniel Ferman
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine
| | - John Livingstone
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Hawaii Orthopaedic Residency Program
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19
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Lucchini A, Bambi S, Galazzi A, Elli S, Negrini C, Vaccino S, Triantafillidis S, Biancardi A, Cozzari M, Fumagalli R, Foti G. Unplanned extubations in general intensive care unit: A nine-year retrospective analysis. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:25-31. [PMID: 30539936 PMCID: PMC6502139 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i7-s.7815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Unplanned extubation (UE) in Intensive Care Units (ICU) is an indicator of quality and safety of care. UEs are classified in: accidental extubations, if involuntarily caused during nursing care or medical procedures; self-extubation, if determined by the patient him/herself. In scientific literature, the cumulative incidence of UEs varies from 0.3% to 35.8%. The aim of this study is to explore the incidence of UEs in an Italian university general ICU adopting a well-established protocol of tracheal tube nursing management and fixation. Methods: retrospective observational study. We enrolled all patients undergone to invasive mechanical ventilation from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2016. Results: in the studied period 3422 patients underwent to endotracheal intubation. The UEs were 35: 33 self extubations (94%) and 2 accidental extubations (6%). The incidence of UEs calculated on 1497 patients intubated for more than 24 hours was 2.34%. Instead, it was 1.02%, if we consider the whole number of intubated patients. Only in 9 (26%) cases out of 35 UEs the patient was re-intubated. No deaths consequent to UE were recorded. Conclusions: The incidence of UEs in this study showed rates according to the minimal values reported in scientific literature. A standardized program of endotracheal tube management (based on an effective and comfortable fixing system) seems to be a safe and a valid foundation in order to maintain the UE episodes at minimum rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lucchini
- ASST Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo - università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca.
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20
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Ai ZP, Gao XL, Zhao XL. Factors associated with unplanned extubation in the Intensive Care Unit for adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2018; 47:62-68. [PMID: 29653888 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore factors associated with unplanned extubation in Intensive Care Unit for adult patients. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed of studies identified through Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science published from initiation to September 2017. Only articles in English were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. RESULTS Ten eligible studies were identified, encompassing a total of 2092 patients (457 in the unplanned extubation group; 1635 in the control group). The subsequent meta-analysis identified significant risk factors for unplanned extubation are male [odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% CI 1.12-2.12; P = 0.008], confusion [OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.05-0.17; P < 0.00001], physical restraint [OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.21-4.34; P < 0.00001], higher GCS scores [mean difference (MD) 1.06, 95% CI 0.59-1.52; P < 0.00001] and lower APACHE II scores [MD -2.26, 95% CI -3.35- -1.16; P < 0.0001]. Renal disease is a protective factor for unplanned extubation [OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.70; P = 0.004]. CONCLUSION Patients were male, confused, having physical restraint, with higher GCS and lower APACHE II scores are significant risk factors for unplanned extubation in Intensive Care Unit adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ping Ai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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21
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Cosentino C, Fama M, Foà C, Bromuri G, Giannini S, Saraceno M, Spagnoletta A, Tenkue M, Trevisi E, Sarli L. Unplanned Extubations in Intensive Care Unit: evidences for risk factors. A literature review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2017; 88:55-65. [PMID: 29189706 PMCID: PMC6357578 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i5-s.6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Unplanned extubations (UE) are getting more and more relevant in Critical Care, becoming a quality and care safeness outcome. This happens because after an UE the patient can face some complications concerning the airway management, respiratory and hemodynamic problems, lengthen in the hospital stay and in the mechanical ventilation time. The aim of this review is identify and classify the factors that could increase UE risk. Methodology: A systematic review of scientific articles was performed consulting the databases PubMed, Cinahl, Medline, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar. Articles from 2006 to 2011 were included. Pediatric Care settings were excluded. Results: 21 articles were selected. From the results emerged that risk factors associated to the patient are widely controversial. Yet restlessness, a low level of sedation and a high level of consciousness seem to be highly related to UE. Organizational risk factors, as workload, nurse:patient ratio, and the use of interdisciplinary protocols seem to play an important role in UE. Conclusion: According the current literature, the research on UE still has to handle a wide uncertainty. There is the need for more studies developing conclusive evidences on the role of different risk factors. Anyway, literature highlights the importance of the nurse and of the healthcare system organization in reducing UE incidence.
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Abstract
Advances in intensive care unit (ICU) therapeutics are plentiful and rooted in technological enhancements as well as recognition of patient care priorities. A plethora of new devices and modes are available for use to enhance patient safety and support liberation from mechanical ventilation while preserving oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance. Increased penetrance of closed loop systems is one means to reduce care variation in appropriate populations. The intelligent design of the ICU space needs to integrate the footprint of that device and the data streaming from it into a coherent whole that supports patient, family, and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Weiss
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 51 North 39th Street, MOB 1, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lewis J Kaplan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 51 North 39th Street, MOB 1, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Surgical Critical Care, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 51 North 39th Street, MOB 1, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Gaudry S, Sztrymf B, Sonneville R, Megarbane B, Van Der Meersch G, Vodovar D, Cohen Y, Ricard JD, Hajage D, Salomon L, Dreyfuss D. Loxapine to control agitation during weaning from mechanical ventilation. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:235. [PMID: 28877705 PMCID: PMC5586048 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) may be impeded by the occurrence of agitation. Loxapine has the ability to control agitation without affecting spontaneous ventilation. The aim of this study was to establish whether loxapine would reduce MV weaning duration in agitated patients. Methods We performed a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, randomised trial. Patients who were potential candidates for weaning but exhibited agitation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score ≥ 2) after sedation withdrawal were randomly assigned to receive either loxapine or placebo. In case of severe agitation, conventional sedation was immediately resumed. The primary endpoint was the time between first administration of loxapine or placebo and successful extubation. Results The trial was discontinued after 102 patients were enrolled because of an insufficient inclusion rate. Median times to successful extubation were 3.2 days in the loxapine group and 5 days in the placebo group (relative risk 1.2, 95% CI 0.75–1.88, p = 0.45). During the first 24 h, sedation was more frequently resumed in the placebo group (44% vs 17%, p = 0.01). Conclusions In this prematurely stopped trial, loxapine did not significantly shorten weaning from MV. However, loxapine reduced the need for resuming sedation. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01193816. Registered on 26 August 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Gaudry
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-92700, Colombes, France.,Epidémiologie Clinique et Évaluation Économique Appliqué aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE), UMR 1123, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Sztrymf
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente et surveillance continue, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-92140, Clamart, France.,INSERM U999, Université Paris Sud, F-92060, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Romain Sonneville
- Service de Réanimation Médicale et maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Van Der Meersch
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Cohen
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Damien Ricard
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-92700, Colombes, France.,Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - David Hajage
- Epidémiologie Clinique et Évaluation Économique Appliqué aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE), UMR 1123, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France.,Département d'Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 178 rue des Renouillers, F-92700, Colombes, France
| | - Laurence Salomon
- Département d'Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 178 rue des Renouillers, F-92700, Colombes, France
| | - Didier Dreyfuss
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-92700, Colombes, France. .,Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France. .,Present address: Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92110, Colombes, France.
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Chao CM, Sung MI, Cheng KC, Lai CC, Chan KS, Cheng AC, Hsing SC, Chen CM. Prognostic factors and outcomes of unplanned extubation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8636. [PMID: 28819204 PMCID: PMC5561237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prognostic factors and outcomes of unplanned extubation (UE) in patients in a medical center’s 6 intensive care units (ICUs) and calculated their mortality risk. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all adult patients in Chi Mei Medical Center who underwent UE between 2009 and 2015. During the study period, there were 305 episodes of UE in 295 ICU patients (men: 199 [67.5%]; mean age: 65.7 years; age range: 18–94 years). The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 16.4, mean therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS) score was 26.5, and mean Glasgow coma scale score was 10.4. One hundred thirty-six patients (46.1%) were re-intubated within 48 h. Forty-five died (mortality rate: 15.3%). Multivariate analyses showed 5 risk factors—respiratory rate, APACHE II score, uremia, liver cirrhosis, and weaning status—were independently associated with mortality. In conclusion, five risk factors including a high respiratory rate before UE, high APACHE II score, uremia, liver cirrhosis, and not in the process of being weaned—were associated with high mortality in patients who underwent UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Mei-I Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Chin Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chao CM, Lai CC, Chan KS, Cheng KC, Ho CH, Chen CM, Chou W. Multidisciplinary interventions and continuous quality improvement to reduce unplanned extubation in adult intensive care units: A 15-year experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6877. [PMID: 28682859 PMCID: PMC5502132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We conduct a retrospective study of patients with unplanned extubation (UE) in adult intensive care units (ICU) at a medical center. In 2001, a multidisciplinary team of intensivists, senior residents, nurses, and respiratory therapists was established at Chi Mei Medical Center. The improvement interventions, implemented between 2001 and 2015, were organized around 8 key areas: standardizing procedures, improving communication skills, revising sedation and weaning protocols, changing strategies for restraints, establishing a task force for identifying and managing high-risk patients, using new quality-improvement models as breakthrough series and team resource management, using the strategy of accountability without assigning blame, and changing a new method to secure endotracheal tube. We measured the outcome as the annual event and the rate of UE. During this 15-year period, there were 1404 episodes of UE, with 44,015 episodes of mechanical ventilation (MV) (319,158 ventilator-days). The overall rate of UE was 3.19/100 ventilated patients (4.40/1000 ventilator-days). In 2001, there were 188 episodes of UE and the rate of UE was 6.82/100 ventilated patients or 9.0/1000 ventilator-days. After this continue quality improvement project had been implemented, the annual number of episodes of UE declined to 27, and the rate fell to 0.95/100 ventilated patients or 1.36/1000 ventilator-days in 2015. Overall, the trend analysis showed the change was significant with P < .0001. In conclusion, UE in adult ICU can be continuously and effectively reduced using multidisciplinary and sequential quality improvement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying
| | | | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center
- Department of Safety, Health and Environment, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine
- Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chuang ML, Chou YL, Lee CY, Huang SF. Instantaneous responses to high-frequency chest wall oscillation in patients with acute pneumonic respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation: A randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5912. [PMID: 28248854 PMCID: PMC5340427 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation and prolonged immobilization of patients receiving mechanical ventilation may reduce expectoration function. High-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) may ameliorate airway secretion movement; however, the instantaneous changes in patients' cardiopulmonary responses are unknown. Moreover, HFCWO may influence ventilator settings by the vigorous oscillation. The aim of this study was to investigate these issues. METHODS Seventy-three patients (52 men) aged 71.5 ± 13.4 years who were intubated with mechanical ventilation for pneumonic respiratory failure were recruited and randomly classified into 2 groups (HFCWO group, n = 36; and control group who received conventional chest physical therapy (CCPT, n = 37). HFCWO was applied with a fixed protocol, whereas CCPT was conducted using standard protocols. Both groups received sputum suction after the procedure. Changes in ventilator settings and the subjects' responses were measured at preset intervals and compared within groups and between groups. RESULTS Oscillation did not affect the ventilator settings (all P > 0.05). The mean airway pressure, breathing frequency, and rapid shallow breathing index increased, and the tidal volume and SpO2 decreased (all P < 0.05). After sputum suction, the peak airway pressure (Ppeak) and minute ventilation decreased (all P < 0.05). The HFCWO group had a lower tidal volume and SpO2 at the end of oscillation, and lower Ppeak and tidal volume after sputum suction than the CCPT group. CONCLUSIONS HFCWO affects breathing pattern and SpO2 but not ventilator settings, whereas CCPT maintains a steadier condition. After sputum suction, HFCWO slightly improved Ppeak compared to CCPT, suggesting that the study extends the indications of HFCWO for these patients in intensive care unit. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02758106, retrospectively registered.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lung Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40201, ROC
| | - Chai-Yuan Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40201, ROC
| | - Shih-Feng Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine
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Rose L, Dale C, Smith OM, Burry L, Enright G, Fergusson D, Sinha S, Wiesenfeld L, Sinuff T, Mehta S. A mixed-methods systematic review protocol to examine the use of physical restraint with critically ill adults and strategies for minimizing their use. Syst Rev 2016; 5:194. [PMID: 27871314 PMCID: PMC5117692 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients frequently experience severe agitation placing them at risk of harm. Physical restraint is common in intensive care units (ICUs) for clinician concerns about safety. However, physical restraint may not prevent medical device removal and has been associated with negative physical and psychological consequences. While professional society guidelines, legislation, and accreditation standards recommend physical restraint minimization, guidelines for critically ill patients are over a decade old, with recommendations that are non-specific. Our systematic review will synthesize evidence on physical restraint in critically ill adults with the primary objective of identifying effective minimization strategies. METHODS Two authors will independently search from inception to July 2016 the following: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, Joanna Briggs Institute, grey literature, professional society websites, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We will include quantitative and qualitative study designs, clinical practice guidelines, policy documents, and professional society recommendations relevant to physical restraint of critically ill adults. Authors will independently perform data extraction in duplicate and complete risk of bias and quality assessment using recommended tools. We will assess evidence quality for quantitative studies using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and for qualitative studies using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) guidelines. Outcomes of interest include (1) efficacy/effectiveness of physical restraint minimization strategies; (2) adverse events (unintentional device removal, psychological impact, physical injury) and associated benefits including harm prevention; (3) ICU outcomes (ventilation duration, length of stay, and mortality); (4) prevalence, incidence, patterns of use including patient and treatment characteristics and chemical restraint; (5) barriers and facilitators to minimization; (6) patient, family, and healthcare professional perspectives; (7) professional society-endorsed recommendations; and (8) evidence gaps and research priorities. DISCUSSION We will use our systematic review findings to produce updated guidelines on physical restraint use for critically ill adults and to develop a professional society-endorsed position statement. This will foster patient and clinician safety by providing clinicians, administrators, and policy makers with a tool to promote minimal and safe use of physical restraint for critically ill adults. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015027860.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Rose
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, M5T 1P8, Canada. .,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Veterans Hill Trail, 2075 Bayview Avenue G1 06, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Provincial Centre of Weaning Excellence, Michael Garron Hospital, 825 Coxwell Ave, East York, M4C 3E7, Canada.
| | - Craig Dale
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Orla M Smith
- Department of Critical Care, Nursing/Clinical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Lisa Burry
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Glenn Enright
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Dean Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 500 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Samir Sinha
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir #3172, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada
| | | | - Tasnim Sinuff
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir #3172, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir #3172, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Rose L, Mehta S. Response to letter to editor titled "Physical restraint in mechanically ventilated adults: A complex early diagnosis by protocols?". J Crit Care 2016; 35:216. [PMID: 27267379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Rose
- Critical Care Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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