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Nie ZL, Hodel R, Ma ZY, Johnson G, Ren C, Meng Y, Ickert-Bond SM, Liu XQ, Zimmer E, Wen J. Climate-influenced boreotropical survival and rampant introgressions explain the thriving of New World grapes in the north temperate zone. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1183-1203. [PMID: 36772845 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene, but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncertain. Moreover, it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant diversity. Here, we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on genomic data from the New World Vitis, a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among species. Biogeographic inference and fossil evidence suggest that the grapes were widely distributed from North America to Europe during the Paleocene to the Eocene, followed by widespread extinction and survival of relicts in the tropical New World. During the climate warming in the early Miocene, a Vitis ancestor migrated northward from the refugia with subsequent diversification in the North American region. We found strong evidence for widespread incongruence and reticulate evolution among nuclear genes within both recent and ancient lineages of the New World Vitis. Furthermore, the organellar genomes showed strong conflicts with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genomes. Our phylogenomic analyses provided an important assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate introgression in the New World Vitis, which potentially represents one of the most important mechanisms for the diversification of Vitis species in temperate North America and even the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere. The scenario we report here may be a common model of temperate diversification of flowering plants adapted to the global climate cooling and fluctuation in the Neogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Nie
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China
| | - Richard Hodel
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Zhi-Yao Ma
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Gabriel Johnson
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Chen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Ying Meng
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China
| | - Stefanie M Ickert-Bond
- Herbarium (ALA), University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Xiu-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Elizabeth Zimmer
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
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Enoki S, Tanaka K, Moriyama A, Hanya N, Mikami N, Suzuki S. Grape cytochrome P450 CYP90D1 regulates brassinosteroid biosynthesis and increases vegetative growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:993-1001. [PMID: 36898216 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vine vigor or vegetative growth is an important factor related to berry quality and vinicultural training management, but brassinosteroid (BR)-induced molecular mechanisms underlying vine growth remain unclear. In this study, the hypothesis that the Vitis vinifera CYP90D1 gene VvCYP90D1, one of the genes for BR biosynthesis, plays a critical role in shoot elongation was tested. RNA sequencing analysis of shoots collected from the vigorous cultivar Koshu (KO) and the reference cultivar Pinot Noir (PN) 7 days after bud break showed higher expression levels of various genes in the BR biosynthesis pathway in KO than in PN. The VvCYP90D1 expression level in KO was highest in meristems, followed by internodes and leaves. Cluster analysis of amino acid sequences including those in other plant species showed that the isolated gene belonged to the CYP90D1 group. The vegetative growth and the endogenous BR (brassinolide; BL) content were significantly higher in VvCYP90D1-overexpressing Arabidopsis than in wild type. VvCYP90D1-overexpressing Arabidopsis treated with brassinazole (Brz), a BR biosynthesis inhibitor, showed recovery of vegetative growth. These results indicate that VvCYP90D1 in grapevine has a vegetative growth promoting effect via BR biosynthesis. Our findings on the mechanism of BR-induced grape shoot growth will contribute to the development of new shoot control techniques for grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enoki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ayane Moriyama
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Norimichi Hanya
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Norika Mikami
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
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3
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Effects of variety and vintage on the minerals of grape juice from a single vineyard. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Isolation and Characterization of Endophyte Bacillus velezensis KOF112 from Grapevine Shoot Xylem as Biological Control Agent for Fungal Diseases. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091815. [PMID: 34579349 PMCID: PMC8468208 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As the use of chemical fungicides has raised environmental concerns, biological control agents have attracted interest as an alternative to chemical fungicides for plant-disease control. In this study, we attempted to explore biological control agents for three fungal phytopathogens causing downy mildew, gray mold, and ripe rot in grapevines, which are derived from shoot xylem of grapevines. KOF112, which was isolated from the Japanese indigenous wine grape Vitis sp. cv. Koshu, inhibited mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Phytophthora infestans. The KOF112-inhibited mycelial tips were swollen or ruptured, suggesting that KOF112 produces antifungal substances. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that KOF112 is a strain of Bacillus velezensis. Comparative genome analysis indicated significant differences in the synthesis of non-ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides and polyketides between KOF112 and the antagonistic B. velezensis FZB42. KOF112 showed biocontrol activities against gray mold caused by B. cinerea, anthracnose by C. gloeosporioides, and downy mildew by Plasmopara viticola. In the KOF112–P. viticola interaction, KOF112 inhibited zoospore release from P. viticola zoosporangia but not zoospore germination. In addition, KOF112 drastically upregulated the expression of genes encoding class IV chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in grape leaves, suggesting that KOF112 also works as a biotic elicitor in grapevine. Because it is considered that endophytic KOF112 can colonize well in and/or on grapevine, KOF112 may contribute to pest-management strategies in viticulture and potentially reduce the frequency of chemical fungicide application.
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Tanaka K, Hamaguchi Y, Suzuki S, Enoki S. Genomic Characterization of the Japanese Indigenous Wine Grape Vitis sp. cv. Koshu. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:532211. [PMID: 33329619 PMCID: PMC7720679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.532211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitis sp. cv. Koshu is indigenous to Japan and used as a table and processing grape. It also constitutes an important grape cultivar in Japanese white wine making and is phylogenetically distinct from European grapes. To understand its genomic information, we compared its small and structural variations with those of the table grape cultivar "Thompson seedless" and European wine grape cultivar "Tannat" via a short-read-based resequencing approach. The Koshu genome exhibited high heterozygosity compared to these cultivars, with this characteristic being particularly prominent on chromosome 7. Furthermore, Koshu structural variation encompassed the most and largest extent of duplications and the fewest and smallest extent of deletions with regard to copy number variation and the fewest absence variations among the compared grape cultivars. Plant disease resistance related to cell death associated with hypersensitive response and environmental stress response, such as water deprivation, oxidative stress, and cell wall organization, was inferred through enrichment analysis of small and structural variations. Variant accumulation levels in Koshu indicated that phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, glutathione, and α-linolenic acid pathways were related to polyphenol and flavor components. Together, this Koshu genomic information provides a foundation for improving the quality of Koshu wine and may facilitate the use of Koshu as a genetic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hamaguchi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enoki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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Moriyama A, Yamaguchi C, Enoki S, Aoki Y, Suzuki S. Crosstalk Pathway between Trehalose Metabolism and Cytokinin Degradation for the Determination of the Number of Berries per Bunch in Grapes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112378. [PMID: 33138306 PMCID: PMC7693805 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In grapes, the number of flowers per inflorescence determines the compactness of grape bunches. Grape cultivars with tight bunches and thin-skinned berries easily undergo berry splitting, especially in growing areas with heavy rainfall during the grapevine growing season, such as Japan. We report herein that grape cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 5 (VvCKX5) determines the number of berries per inflorescence in grapes. The number of berries per bunch was inversely proportional to the VvCKX5 expression level in juvenile inflorescences among the cultivars tested. VvCKX5 overexpression drastically decreased the number of flower buds per inflorescence in Arabidopsis plants, suggesting that VvCKX5 might be one of the negative regulators of the number of flowers per inflorescence in grapes. Similarly, the overexpression of grape sister of ramose 3 (VvSRA), which encodes trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of trehalose-6-phosphate into trehalose, upregulated AtCKX7 expression in Arabidopsis plants, leading to a decrease in the number of flower buds per Arabidopsis inflorescence. VvCKX5 gene expression was upregulated in grapevine cultured cells and juvenile grape inflorescences treated with trehalose. Finally, injecting trehalose into swelling buds nearing bud break using a microsyringe decreased the number of berries per bunch by half. VvCKX5 overexpression in Arabidopsis plants had no effect on the number of secondary inflorescences from the main inflorescence, and similarly trehalose did not affect pedicel branching on grapevine inflorescences, suggesting that VvCKX5, as well as VvSRA-mediated trehalose metabolism, regulates flower formation but not inflorescence branching. These findings may provide new information on the crosstalk between VvSRA-mediated trehalose metabolism and VvCKX-mediated cytokinin degradation for determining the number of berries per bunch. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of innovative cultivation techniques for loosening tight bunches.
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Liu SY, Sun X, Fang Y. Oenological potential and health benefits of Chinese non-Vitis vinifera species: An opportunity to the revalorization and to breed new varieties. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109443. [PMID: 33233123 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The wine industry is focused on the producing wine mostly from European grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). China has experienced a significant growth of the vineyard surface, based on the cultivation of these grapevine varieties. Currently, China has become one of the countries with the largest surface of planted vineyards in the world. In the last years, there has been a trend to oenologically and viticulturally revalorize certain autochthonous grapevine species. China holds a great diversity of Vitis species, which are being the focus of study. This could be an important alternative for the diversification of wine production, providing new products with a strong identity. Additionally, the varietal homogenization has increased the vineyard genetic vulnerability in relation to the emergence of grapevine diseases and their resistance to chemical fungicides. In this way, non-Vitis vinifera species are characterized by having a high resistance to a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, which can bring an opportunity to breed new varieties. However, there is little available information about the oenological potential of these species, which makes it a current interesting topic. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the oenological potential of non-Vitis vinifera species found in China, discussing their potential effects on human health and thus, to propose some Chinese wild grapes for their use in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Universidad de Talca, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 747, 346000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos, Km. 6. 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - XiangYu Sun
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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8
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Zecca G, Labra M, Grassi F. Untangling the Evolution of American Wild Grapes: Admixed Species and How to Find Them. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1814. [PMID: 32117355 PMCID: PMC7025467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization and introgression are central evolutionary processes in grape genus (Vitis). On the other hand, the interspecific relationships among grapes, the directionality of the inferred admixture events and the parents of hybrids are not yet completely clarified. The grapes are economically important crops characterized by tendrils used to climb on the trees and the fruits harvested by humans especially for the consumption or to produce wines and liquors. The American grapes (ca. 30 species) are recognized as an important resource because they show biotic and abiotic resistances. We analyzed 3,885 genome-wide SNPs from 31 American Vitis species using the TreeMix software combined with the f3 and f4 tests. This approach allowed us to infer phylogenetic relationships and to explore the natural admixture among taxa. Our results confirmed the existence of all hybrid species recognized in literature (V. x champinii, V. x doaniana, V. x novae-angliae, and V. x slavinii), identifying their most likely parent species and provided evidence of additional gene flows between distantly related species. We discuss our results to elucidate the origin of American wild grapes, demonstrating that admixture events have ancient origins. We observe that gene flows have involved taxa currently spread through the southern regions of North America. Consequently, we propose that glacial cycles could have triggered the contact between interfertile taxa promoting local hybridization events. We conclude by discussing the phylogenetic implications of our findings and showing that TreeMix can provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zecca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Bahena-Garrido SM, Ohama T, Suehiro Y, Hata Y, Isogai A, Iwashita K, Goto-Yamamoto N, Koyama K. The potential aroma and flavor compounds in Vitis sp. cv. Koshu and V. vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay under different environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1926-1937. [PMID: 30270444 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Koshu, a hybrid of Vitis vinifera L. and V. davidii Foex, is the most popular indigenous cultivar for wine production in Japan. However, little is known about the potential aroma compounds it contains and how environmental factors affect these. In this study, we obtained comprehensive profiles of the volatile (both glycosidically bound and free) and phenolic compounds that occur in koshu berries, and compared these with similar profiles for V. vinifera cv. chardonnay. We then compared the response of these two cultivars to bunch shading and the ripening-related phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). RESULTS Koshu berries contained significantly higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and some volatile phenols, such as 4-vinyl guaiacol and eugenol, than chardonnay berries, which are thought to contribute to the characteristics of koshu wine. In addition, koshu berries had a distinctly different terpenoid composition from chardonnay berries. Shading reduced the concentration of norisoprenoid in both cultivars, as well as several phenolic compounds, particularly their volatile derivatives in koshu berries. The exogenous application of ABA induced ripening and increased the concentrations of lipid derivatives, such as hexanol, octanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-octen-3-ol. Multivariate and discriminant analyses showed that the potential aroma and flavor compounds in the berries could be discriminated clearly based on cultivar and environmental cues, such as light exposure. CONCLUSION The unique secondary metabolite profiles of koshu and their different responses to environmental factors could be valuable for developing various types of koshu wines and new cultivars with improved quality and cultural characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Ohama
- Analytical Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Suehiro
- Department of Agriculture and Food Research, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Hata
- Analytical Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Isogai
- Analytical Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwashita
- Analytical Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nami Goto-Yamamoto
- Analytical Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Koyama
- Analytical Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
A new rule stipulates that wine made in Japan from grapes harvested in Japan be labeled as "Japan wine". The main grape varieties for Japan Wine, Koshu for white wine and Muscat Bailey A for red, are unique to Japan. Koshu is native to Japan and its origin, long unknown, has recently been revealed through DNA analysis. Wine made from this variety suffered from a lack of characteristic aroma, but a recent study has demonstrated its potential for producing wine with a citrus scent. Muscat Bailey A was bred in Japan. Its characteristic sweet aroma has been identified as being due to furaneol. Another characteristic of its wine is that it has a low concentration of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannin), and the reason for this was revealed recently. These and other studies have been conducted in wine companies, universities, and research institutes in Japan and support the development of Japan Wine. Abbreviations: SSR: simple sequence repeat; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; 3MH: 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol; 4-HDMF: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone; PCA: principal component analysis.
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Fujita K, Aoki Y, Suzuki S. Antidiabetic effects of novel cell culture established from grapevine, Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:993-999. [PMID: 29546683 PMCID: PMC6021287 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is an indigenous cultivar in Japan and has several characteristics that distinguish it from European V. vinifera. In Japan, Koshu is the most popular cultivar for wine making. We report herein a cell culture established from Koshu for use as a system for the production of resveratrol and its derivatives. Grape cell culture YU-1 was developed from the apex tissues of Koshu. YU-1 growth was favorably compared with BY-2 growth, a standard cell line in plant cell biology. Stilbene production and stilbene synthesis gene expression in YU-1 were upregulated by UV-C irradiation. YU-1 irradiated with UV-C decreased hemolymph sugar levels in model animals. Taken together, this study suggests that YU-1 may be used as a source of valuable medicinal components in plant cell bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Fujita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Aoki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan.
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12
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Enoki S, Hamaguchi Y, Suzuki S, Fujisawa H, Hattori T, Arita K, Yamaguchi C, Mikami M, Nagasaka S, Tanaka K. Physiological characterization of leaf and internode after bud break in Japanese indigenous Koshu grape by comparative RNA sequencing analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194807. [PMID: 29566077 PMCID: PMC5864062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Koshu is indigenous to Japan and considered the most important wine grape in Japan. Koshu grape berry possesses characteristics that make it unique from European V. vinifera as wine grape. However, the physiological characteristics of Koshu leaf and internode remain unknown. An understanding of those characteristics would contribute to improvements in Koshu cultivation, thereby enhancing grape berry and wine quality. To identify the genes responsible for the physiological characteristics of Koshu, we comprehensively analyzed leaf and internode differences at the transcriptome level between Koshu and Pinot Noir by RNA sequencing. A total of 248 and 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in leaves and internodes, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of these DEGs revealed that "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "glutathione metabolism" pathways were significantly enriched in Koshu leaves. On the other hand, when internodes were compared, "flavonoid"-related GO terms were specifically detected in Koshu. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the expression of such genes as leucoanthocyanidin reductase and flavonol synthase in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was higher in Koshu than Pinot Noir. Measurement of the relative expression levels of these genes by RT-qPCR validated the results obtained by RNA sequencing. The characteristics of Koshu leaf and internode, which are expected to produce flavonoids with antibacterial activity and UV protection function, would suit Japanese climate as a survival strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enoki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yu Hamaguchi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujisawa
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hattori
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kayo Arita
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Chiho Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masachika Mikami
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shu Nagasaka
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Comprehensive and comparative lipidome analysis of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir and Japanese indigenous V. vinifera L. cv. Koshu grape berries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186952. [PMID: 29053756 PMCID: PMC5650187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is an indigenous grape cultivar that has been cultivated for more than a thousand years in Japan and one of the most important cultivars in white winemaking. To improve Koshu wine quality, it is necessary to identify the metabolites in Koshu berry. We conducted a comprehensive and comparative lipidome analysis of Koshu and Pinot Noir berries cultivated in the same location in Japan using GC-MS/MS for fatty acids and LC-MS for glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. Koshu skins and juices contained 22 and 19 fatty acids, respectively, whereas 23 and 20 fatty acids were detected in Pinot Noir skins and juices. C22:6n3 and C24:0 contents in Koshu skins were two and three times higher than those in Pinot Noir skins. C24:0 content in Koshu juices was also higher than that in Pinot Noir juices. Forty-nine lipid components (six digalactosyldiacylglycerols, one monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, 10 phosphatidylcholines, 12 phosphatidylethanolamines, and 20 triglycerides) were detected in Pinot Noir and Koshu skins. Strong peaks were observed for MGDG 36:6, DGDG 36:6, PC 34:2, PC 36:5, TG 54:6, TG 54:7, and TG 54:8 in Koshu skins. The contents of 36 of the 49 lipid components were significantly higher in Pinot Noir skins than Koshu skins. Pinot Noir skins contained more lipids whose alkyl chains have more than 18 carbons than Koshu skins. Further analysis of both lipid profiles revealed that the number of double bonds in a fatty acid molecule in Pinot Noir skins and juices was significantly larger than that in Koshu skins and juices. A strong relationship exists between the heat requirement of grapevine cultivars and the level of fatty acid desaturation. C18-fatty acids were the major components in Koshu and Pinot Noir berries. The expression levels of C18-fatty acid desaturases regulated the accumulation of C18-unsaturated fatty acids in berry skins. The loss of C18:3 in Koshu berries at the end of ripening was observed. Koshu might effectively convert C18:3 into (Z)-hex-3-enal for the production of C6-aroma compounds. These findings by the lipidome analysis are expected to contribute to the improvement of Koshu wine aroma and breeding strategies of cold-tolerant Koshu grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sato
- Division of Grape and Persimmon Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science,National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
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15
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Migicovsky Z, Sawler J, Money D, Eibach R, Miller AJ, Luby JJ, Jamieson AR, Velasco D, von Kintzel S, Warner J, Wührer W, Brown PJ, Myles S. Genomic ancestry estimation quantifies use of wild species in grape breeding. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:478. [PMID: 27357509 PMCID: PMC4928267 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grapes are one of the world’s most valuable crops and most are made into wine. Grapes belong to the genus Vitis, which includes over 60 inter-fertile species. The most common grape cultivars derive their entire ancestry from the species Vitis vinifera, but wild relatives have also been exploited to create hybrid cultivars, often with increased disease resistance. Results We evaluate the genetic ancestry of some of the most widely grown commercial hybrids from North America and Europe. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we generated 2482 SNPs and 56 indels from 7 wild Vitis, 7 V. vinifera, and 64 hybrid cultivars. We used a principal component analysis (PCA) based ancestry estimation procedure and verified its accuracy with both empirical and simulated data. V. vinifera ancestry ranged from 11 % to 76 % across hybrids studied. Approximately one third (22/64) of the hybrids have ancestry estimates consistent with F1 hybridization: they derive half of their ancestry from wild Vitis and half from V. vinifera. Conclusions Our results suggest that hybrid grape breeding is in its infancy. The distribution of V. vinifera ancestry across hybrids also suggests that backcrosses to wild Vitis species have been more frequent than backcrosses to V. vinifera during hybrid grape breeding. This pattern is unusual in crop breeding, as it is most common to repeatedly backcross to elite, or domesticated, germplasm. We anticipate our method can be extended to facilitate marker-assisted selection in order to introgress beneficial wild Vitis traits, while allowing for offspring with the highest V. vinifera content to be selected at the seedling stage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2834-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Jason Sawler
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.,Anandia Labs, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Money
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Rudolph Eibach
- JKI Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, Germany
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James J Luby
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Jamieson
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Horticulture Research Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - John Warner
- Warner Vineyards, 391 Thorpe Rd, RR#2, Centreville, NS, Canada
| | - Walter Wührer
- Wührer Vineyards, 187 Highway 221, RR#1, Kingston, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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