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Muñoz-Lasso DC, Mollá B, Sáenz-Gamboa JJ, Insuasty E, de la Iglesia-Vaya M, Pook MA, Pallardó FV, Palau F, Gonzalez-Cabo P. Frataxin Deficit Leads to Reduced Dynamics of Growth Cones in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons of Friedreich’s Ataxia YG8sR Model: A Multilinear Algebra Approach. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912780. [PMID: 35769335 PMCID: PMC9236133 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational techniques for analyzing biological images offer a great potential to enhance our knowledge of the biological processes underlying disorders of the nervous system. Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative inherited disorder caused by the low expression of frataxin, which is a small mitochondrial protein. In FRDA cells, the lack of frataxin promotes primarily mitochondrial dysfunction, an alteration of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and the destabilization of the actin cytoskeleton in the neurites and growth cones of sensory neurons. In this paper, a computational multilinear algebra approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the growth cone and its function in control and FRDA neurons. Computational approach, which includes principal component analysis and a multilinear algebra method, is used to quantify the dynamics of the growth cone (GC) morphology of sensory neurons from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the YG8sR humanized murine model for FRDA. It was confirmed that the dynamics and patterns of turning were aberrant in the FRDA growth cones. In addition, our data suggest that other cellular processes dependent on functional GCs such as axonal regeneration might also be affected. Semiautomated computational approaches are presented to quantify differences in GC behaviors in neurodegenerative disease. In summary, the deficiency of frataxin has an adverse effect on the formation and, most importantly, the growth cones’ function in adult DRG neurons. As a result, frataxin deficient DRG neurons might lose the intrinsic capability to grow and regenerate axons properly due to the dysfunctional GCs they build.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Muñoz-Lasso
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Belén Mollá
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jhon J. Sáenz-Gamboa
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Joint Unit FISABIO & Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Regional Ministry of Health in Valencia, Hospital Sagunto (CEIB-CSUSP), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Maria de la Iglesia-Vaya
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Joint Unit FISABIO & Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Regional Ministry of Health in Valencia, Hospital Sagunto (CEIB-CSUSP), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mark A. Pook
- Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo,
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Neuron Replating, a Powerful and Versatile Approach to Study Early Aspects of Neuron Differentiation. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0536-20.2021. [PMID: 33958372 PMCID: PMC8143016 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0536-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron differentiation includes formation and outgrowth of neurites that differentiate into axons or dendrites. Directed neurite outgrowth is controlled by growth cones that protrude and retract actin-rich structures to sense environmental cues. These cues control local actin filament dynamics, steer growth cones toward attractants and away from repellents, and navigate neurites through the developing brain. Rodent hippocampal neurons are widely used to study the mechanisms underlying neuron differentiation. Genetic manipulation of isolated neurons including gene inactivation or reporter gene expression can be achieved by classical transfections methods, but these methods are restricted to neurons cultured for several days, after neurite formation or outgrowth. Instead, electroporation allows gene manipulation before seeding. However, reporter gene expression usually takes up to 24 h, and time course of gene inactivation depends on the half live of the targeted mRNA and gene product. Hence, these methods do not allow to study early aspects of neuron differentiation. In the present study, we provide a detailed protocol in which we combined electroporation-based gene manipulation of mouse hippocampal neurons before initial seeding with a replating step after 2 d in vitro (DIV) that resets neurons into an undifferentiated stage. By categorizing neurons according to their differentiation stage, thorough morphometric analyses, live imaging of actin dynamics in growth cones as well as guidance cue-mediated growth cone morphologic changes, we demonstrate that differentiation and function of replated neurons did not differ from non-replated neurons. In summary, we provide a protocol that allows to thoroughly characterize differentiation of mouse primary hippocampal neurons.
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Schneider F, Duong TA, Metz I, Winkelmeier J, Hübner CA, Endesfelder U, Rust MB. Mutual functional dependence of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and cofilin1 in neuronal actin dynamics and growth cone function. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102050. [PMID: 33845164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuron connectivity depends on growth cones that navigate axons through the developing brain. Growth cones protrude and retract actin-rich structures to sense guidance cues. These cues control local actin dynamics and steer growth cones towards attractants and away from repellents, thereby directing axon outgrowth. Hence, actin binding proteins (ABPs) moved into the focus as critical regulators of neuron connectivity. We found cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), an ABP with unknown brain function, abundant in growth cones. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging combined with pharmacological approaches on hippocampal neurons from gene-targeted mice revealed a crucial role for CAP1 in actin dynamics that is critical for growth cone morphology and function. Growth cone defects in CAP1 knockout (KO) neurons compromised neuron differentiation and was associated with impaired neuron connectivity in CAP1-KO brains. Mechanistically, by rescue experiments in double KO neurons lacking CAP1 and the key actin regulator cofilin1, we demonstrated that CAP1 was essential for cofilin1 function in growth cone actin dynamics and morphology and vice versa. Together, we identified CAP1 as a novel actin regulator in growth cones that was relevant for neuron connectivity, and we demonstrated functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in neuronal actin dynamics and growth cone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thuy-An Duong
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Metz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jannik Winkelmeier
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043, Marburg, Germany; Department of Physics, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Endesfelder
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043, Marburg, Germany; Department of Physics, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Pilz GA, Bottes S, Betizeau M, Jörg DJ, Carta S, Simons BD, Helmchen F, Jessberger S. Live imaging of neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus. Science 2018; 359:658-662. [PMID: 29439238 PMCID: PMC6986926 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) generate neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. We used chronic in vivo imaging and followed genetically labeled individual NSPCs and their progeny in the mouse hippocampus for up to 2 months. We show that NSPCs targeted by the endogenous Achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) promoter undergo limited rounds of symmetric and asymmetric divisions, eliciting a burst of neurogenic activity, after which they are lost. Further, our data reveal unexpected asymmetric divisions of nonradial glia-like NSPCs. Cell fates of Ascl1-labeled lineages suggest a developmental-like program involving a sequential transition from a proliferative to a neurogenic phase. By providing a comprehensive description of lineage relationships, from dividing NSPCs to newborn neurons integrating into the hippocampal circuitry, our data offer insight into how NSPCs support life-long hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor-Alexander Pilz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bottes
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Betizeau
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland,Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J. Jörg
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stefano Carta
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D. Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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