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Kaneko C, Sasaki M, Omori R, Nakao R, Kataoka-Nakamura C, Moonga L, Ndebe J, Muleya W, Simulundu E, Hang’ombe BM, Dautu G, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Qiu Y, Ito N, Chambaro HM, Sugimoto C, Higashi H, Takada A, Sawa H, Mweene AS, Isoda N. Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia. Pathogens 2021; 10:738. [PMID: 34208340 PMCID: PMC8231269 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies remains endemic in Zambia. Despite conducting canine vaccinations in Lusaka district, the vaccination coverage and actual seropositivity in the dog population in Lusaka district are rarely evaluated. This study estimated the seropositivity-based immunization coverage in the owned dog population in Lusaka district using the expanded program on immunization cluster survey method. The time-series trend of neutralizing antibodies against rabies in vaccinated dogs was also evaluated. Of 366 dogs in 200 dog-owning households in Lusaka district, blood samples were collected successfully from 251 dogs. In the sampled dogs, 42.2% (106/251) had an antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL. When the 115 dogs whose blood was not collected were assumed to be seronegative, the minimum immunization coverage in Lusaka district's owned dog population was estimated at 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.4-35.5). It was also found that a single vaccination with certified vaccines is capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies. In contrast, higher antibody titers were observed in multiple-vaccinated dogs than in single-vaccinated dogs, coupled with the observation of a decline in antibody titer over time. These results suggest the importance of continuous booster immunization to maintain herd immunity and provide useful information to plan mass vaccination against rabies in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kaneko
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (C.K.); (C.K.-N.)
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.S.); (H.M.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (C.K.); (C.K.-N.)
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (L.M.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Joseph Ndebe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.N.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.N.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (A.S.M.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
| | - Bernard M. Hang’ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (L.M.); (B.M.H.)
| | - George Dautu
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 33980, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, P.O. Box 50060, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.K.); (A.M.-K.)
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.K.); (A.M.-K.)
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.Q.); (H.H.)
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu Prefecture, Japan;
| | - Herman M. Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.S.); (H.M.C.); (H.S.)
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 33980, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, P.O. Box 50060, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.Q.); (H.H.)
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.N.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (A.S.M.)
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.K.); (A.M.-K.)
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.S.); (H.M.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Aaron S. Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.N.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (C.K.); (C.K.-N.)
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Kaneko C, Omori R, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Nakamura C, Simulundu E, Muleya W, Moonga L, Ndebe J, Hang’ombe BM, Dautu G, Qiu Y, Nakao R, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Chambaro HM, Higashi H, Sugimoto C, Sawa H, Mweene AS, Takada A, Isoda N. Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009222. [PMID: 33909621 PMCID: PMC8081203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An estimated 75% or more of the human rabies cases in Africa occur in rural settings, which underscores the importance of rabies control in these areas. Understanding dog demographics can help design strategies for rabies control and plan and conduct canine mass vaccination campaigns effectively in African countries. Methodology/Principal findings A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate domestic dog demographics in Kalambabakali, in the rural Mazabuka District of Zambia. The population of ownerless dogs and the total achievable vaccination coverage among the total dog population was estimated using the capture-recapture-based Bayesian model by conducting a canine mass vaccination campaign. This study revealed that 29% of the domestic dog population was under one year old, and 57.7% of those were under three months old and thus were not eligible for the canine rabies vaccination in Zambia. The population growth was estimated at 15% per annum based on the cross-sectional household survey. The population of ownerless dogs was estimated to be small, with an ownerless-to-owned-dog ratio of 0.01–0.06 in the target zones. The achieved overall vaccination coverage from the first mass vaccination was estimated 19.8–51.6%. This low coverage was principally attributed to the owners’ lack of information, unavailability, and dog-handling difficulties. The follow-up mass vaccination campaign achieved an overall coverage of 54.8–76.2%. Conclusions/Significance This paper indicates the potential for controlling canine rabies through mass vaccination in rural Zambia. Rabies education and responsible dog ownership are required to achieve high and sustainable vaccination coverage. Our findings also propose including puppies below three months old in the target population for rabies vaccination and emphasize that securing an annual enforcement of canine mass vaccination that reaches 70% coverage in the dog population is necessary to maintain protective herd immunity. Because dogs are the main transmitter of rabies to humans, controlling rabies in dogs is essential for preventing rabies in humans. Canine vaccination is well-known as the most effective measure for controlling rabies in dogs. Understanding the demographics and dynamics of dog populations is important when designing efficient canine vaccination strategies. Furthermore, protective herd immunity in the total dog population should be attained through the vaccination of owned dogs since ownerless dogs are not usually covered in such campaigns. This study investigated domestic dog demographics and estimated the number of ownerless dogs to finally estimate the vaccination coverage among the overall dog population achievable through a mass vaccination campaign in a rural setting in Mazabuka District, Zambia. The target domestic dog population was young, and population growth was estimated at 15% annually based on the cross-sectional survey. The vaccination coverage attained by providing free canine mass vaccination campaigns was eventually estimated as 54.8–76.2% in the overall dog population, coupled with the estimate that the ownerless dog population was quite small. Our findings emphasize the necessity of conducting annual canine mass vaccinations, including puppies, that target 70% coverage in the dog population to maintain protective herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kaneko
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Ndebe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M. Hang’ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - George Dautu
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Herman M. Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aaron S. Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Grønvik T, Fossgard Sandøy I. Complications associated with adolescent childbearing in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204327. [PMID: 30256821 PMCID: PMC6157872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether childbearing before age 18 in Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increased risk of maternal and child complications through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods The literature on adolescent pregnancy and associated complications in Sub-Saharan Africa was reviewed. A systematic electronic database search in Medline and Embase identified relevant papers. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had numeric data on maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, stillbirth, neonatal death or perinatal death. We included studies on adolescents aged 17 years or younger, and with a comparison group of adult women aged between 20 and 35 years. The quality of the articles was assessed. Meta-analyses were conducted when there were at least three included studies with minor clinical heterogeneity in population and outcome measures. Results Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria. There were many studies from Sub-Saharan Africa with data on the age group 15–19 years old, but few studies had separate data on adolescents <18 years old. All included studies were of either moderate or low quality. Adolescents had an increased risk of low birth weight, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, preterm birth and maternal and perinatal mortality. We found a lower, nonsignificant risk of stillbirth and for small for gestational age babies among the young mothers. Conclusion In this systematic review, the findings indicate that young maternal age is associated with some unfavorable outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. High quality observational studies that adjust for sociodemographic factors are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taran Grønvik
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Li M, Wang S, Han X, Liu W, Song J, Zhang H, Zhao J, Yang F, Tan X, Chen X, Liu Y, Li H, Ding Y, Du X, Yin J, Zhang R, Cao G. Cancer mortality trends in an industrial district of Shanghai, China, from 1974 to 2014, and projections to 2029. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92470-92482. [PMID: 29190931 PMCID: PMC5696197 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the trends and projections of cancer mortalities in Yangpu, an industry restructuring district of Shanghai, China. With high-quality data from the death registration system, the authors analyzed the trends in cancer mortalities during 1974-2014 and their relationship with pollution control and socioeconomic improvements. Cancer burden was projected into 2029. During 1974-2014, cancer death accounted for 28.80% of all-cause death. The 5 leading causes of cancer death were cancers of the lung & bronchus, stomach, liver, colon & rectum, and esophagus. Age-standardized mortality of all cancers was higher in men than in women (153.1/105vs. 88.8/105, p<0.001) and increased from 1974 to 1991 and decreased thereafter. The mortalities of cancers of the larynx, bladder, liver, nasopharynx, lung & bronchus, esophagus, lip oral & pharynx, stomach, kidney, and lymphoma were significantly higher in men than in women. Age-standardized mortalities of cancers of the esophagus, stomach, leukemia, female nasopharynx, female bladder, liver, and bone decreased especially after the 1990s, those of the colon & rectum, kidney, prostate, pancreas, breast, gallbladder, and ovary increased significantly. Lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreas cancer in women and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and stomach cancer in men will be the leading causes of cancer death in 2025-2029. Cancer-caused life loss kept increasing since 2000. Conclusively, cancers associated with pollutions and infection decreased, especially after the 1990s, while those related to metabolic syndrome increased. These trends are related to closedown of polluted industries in the 1980s and lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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