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Choi MW, Isidoro CA, Gillgrass A. Mechanisms of mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract involved in defense against HIV infection. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101398. [PMID: 38484474 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 remains a major global health threat. Since the virus is often transmitted through sexual intercourse and women account for the majority of new infections within the most endemic regions, research on mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract (FRT) is of paramount importance. At the FRT, there are intrinsic barriers to HIV-1 infection, such as epithelial cells and the microbiome, and immune cells of both the innate and adaptive arms are prepared to respond in case the virus overcomes the first line of defense. In this review, we discuss recent findings on FRT mucosal mechanisms of HIV-1 defense and highlight research gaps. While defense from HIV-1 infection at the FRT has been understudied, current and future research is essential to develop new therapeutics and vaccines that can protect this unique mucosal site from HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Wy Choi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Carmina A Isidoro
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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2
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Luci C, Bihl F, Bourdely P, Khou S, Popa A, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Vermeulen O, Elaldi R, Poissonnet G, Sudaka A, Bozec A, Bekri S, Cazareth J, Ponzio G, Barbry P, Rezzonico R, Mari B, Braud VM, Anjuère F. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development Is Associated with a Temporal Infiltration of ILC1 and NK Cells with Immune Dysfunctions. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2369-2379. [PMID: 33831432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NK cells and tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate effectors found in the skin. To investigate their temporal dynamics and specific functions throughout the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), we combined transcriptomic and immunophenotyping analyses in mouse and human cSCCs. We identified an infiltration of NK cells and ILC1s as well as the presence of a few ILC3s. Adoptive transfer of NK cells in NK cell‒ and ILC-deficient Nfil3-/- mice revealed a role for NK cells in early control of cSCC. During tumor progression, we identified a population skewing with the infiltration of atypical ILC1 secreting inflammatory cytokines but reduced levels of IFN-γ at the papilloma stage. NK cells and ILC1s were functionally impaired, with reduced cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion associated with the downregulation of activating receptors. They also showed a high degree of heterogeneity in mouse and human cSCCs with the expression of several markers of exhaustion, including TIGIT on NK cells and PD-1 and TIM-3 on ILC1s. Our data show an enrichment in inflammatory ILC1 at the precancerous stage together with impaired antitumor functions in NK cells and ILC1 that could contribute to the development of cSCC and thus suggest that future immunotherapies should take both ILC populations into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Luci
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France; C3M, INSERM U1065, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Franck Bihl
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France; Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sokchea Khou
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France; Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexandra Popa
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Meghraoui-Kheddar
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Ophelie Vermeulen
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Roxane Elaldi
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France; Head and Neck University Institute, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Poissonnet
- Head and Neck University Institute, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Anne Sudaka
- Pathology laboratory and Human biobank, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Bozec
- Head and Neck University Institute, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Selma Bekri
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie Cazareth
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Gilles Ponzio
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Roger Rezzonico
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Bernard Mari
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Veronique M Braud
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France
| | - Fabienne Anjuère
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, CNRS UMR7275, Côte d'Azur University, Valbonne, France.
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Role of innate lymphoid cells and dendritic cells in intradermal immunization of the enterovirus antigen. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:14. [PMID: 30937186 PMCID: PMC6437170 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16) are the major pathogens of human hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In our previous study, intramuscular immunization with the inactivated EV71 vaccine elicited effective immunity, while immunization with the inactivated CA16 vaccine did not. In this report, we focused on innate immune responses elicited by inactivated EV71 and CA16 antigens administered intradermally or intramuscularly. The distributions of the EV71 and CA16 antigens administered intradermally or intramuscularly were not obviously different, but the antigens were detected for a shorter period of time when administered intradermally. The expression levels of NF-κB pathway signaling molecules, which were identified as being capable of activating DCs, ILCs, and T cells, were higher in the intradermal group than in the intramuscular group. Antibodies for the EV71 and CA16 antigens colocalized with ILCs and DCs in skin and muscle tissues under fluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, ILC colocalization decreased over time, while DC colocalization increased over time. ELISpot analysis showed that coordination between DCs and ILCs contributed to successful adaptive immunity against vaccine antigens in the skin. EV71 and/or CA16 antigen immunization via the intradermal route was more capable of significantly increasing neutralizing antibody titers and activating specific T cell responses than immunization via the intramuscular route. Furthermore, neonatal mice born to mothers immunized with the EV71 and CA16 antigens were 100% protected against wild-type EV71 or CA16 viral challenge. Together, our results provide new insights into the development of vaccines for HFMD. Coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections are the most common cause of hand-foot-and-mouth diseases. Inactivated virus has been evaluated as potential vaccine for both viruses in animal models, but protection was only achieved for EV71. In this study, led by Qihan Li from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, researchers show that intradermal, as compared to intramuscular immunization, results in an elevated immune response and improved protection from EV71 and CA16 infection in mice. Intradermal vaccination increases interaction of vaccine antigen with dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells at the site of inoculation, as compared to intramuscular vaccination. Intradermal vaccination furthermore improves the antibody and T cell response and protects mice from infection. However, complete protection of mice from CA16 infection was only achieved after intradermal immunization with a combination of inactivated EV71 and CA16 vaccine, suggesting that further improvements of this vaccine candidate will be necessary.
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Induction of vaginal-resident HIV-specific CD8 T cells with mucosal prime-boost immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:994-1007. [PMID: 29067995 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells survey a range of non-lymphoid mucosal tissues where they rapidly mediate clearance of viral infections at the entry portals. Vaccines that establish CD8 TRM cells in the cervicovaginal mucosa hold promise for effective immunity against sexually transmitted HIV. We demonstrate that HIV-specific CD8 TRM cells can be established in the murine vaginal mucosa using a combined intranasal and intravaginal mucosal immunization with recombinant influenza-HIV vectors. Using in situ tetramer immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that this mucosally administered prime-boost immunization also resulted in the durable seeding of CD8 T cells in the frontline vaginal epithelial compartment as opposed to the vaginal submucosa. Upon cognate antigen recognition within the vaginal mucosa, these HIV-specific CD8 TRM cells rapidly initiated a tissue-wide state of immunity. The activation of HIV-specific CD8 TRM cells resulted in the upregulation of endothelial vessel addressin expression and substantial recruitment of both adaptive and innate immune cells in the vaginal mucosa. These findings suggest that the epithelial localization of HIV-specific CD8 TRM cell populations and their capacity to rapidly activate both arms of the immune system could significantly augment frontline defenses against vaginal HIV infection.
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Zhou JZ, Way SS, Chen K. Immunology of Uterine and Vaginal Mucosae: (Trends in Immunology 39, 302-314, 2018). Trends Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29530651 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhou JZ, Way SS, Chen K. Immunology of the Uterine and Vaginal Mucosae. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:302-314. [PMID: 29433961 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Along with the maintenance of symbiotic mutualism with commensal microbes and protection against invasive infections common to all mucosal barrier tissues, female reproductive tissues have additional, unique tasks that include dynamic cyclic cellular turnover in menstruation and immunological tolerance to genetically foreign fetal antigens in pregnancy. Here we review current knowledge on distinct features of the immune cells in female reproductive tissue with regard to antimicrobial host defense and adaptations to accommodate the fetus during pregnancy. Outstanding areas for future research to obtain new functional insights on this enigmatic mucosal barrier are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Z Zhou
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Nasal delivery offers many benefits over traditional approaches to vaccine administration. These include ease of administration without needles that reduces issues associated with needlestick injuries and disposal. Additionally, this route offers easy access to a key part of the immune system that can stimulate other mucosal sites throughout the body. Increased acceptance of nasal vaccine products in both adults and children has led to a burgeoning pipeline of nasal delivery technology. Key challenges and opportunities for the future will include translating in vivo data to clinical outcomes. Particular focus should be brought to designing delivery strategies that take into account the broad range of diseases, populations and healthcare delivery settings that stand to benefit from this unique mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy Yusuf
- a School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , Antrim , UK
| | - Vicky Kett
- b School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , Antrim , UK
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Tait Wojno ED, Artis D. Emerging concepts and future challenges in innate lymphoid cell biology. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2229-2248. [PMID: 27811053 PMCID: PMC5068238 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate immune cells that are ubiquitously distributed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and enriched at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Three major ILC subsets are recognized in mice and humans. Each of these subsets interacts with innate and adaptive immune cells and integrates cues from the epithelium, the microbiota, and pathogens to regulate inflammation, immunity, tissue repair, and metabolic homeostasis. Although intense study has elucidated many aspects of ILC development, phenotype, and function, numerous challenges remain in the field of ILC biology. In particular, recent work has highlighted key new questions regarding how these cells communicate with their environment and other cell types during health and disease. This review summarizes new findings in this rapidly developing field that showcase the critical role ILCs play in directing immune responses through their ability to interact with a variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. In addition, we define remaining challenges and emerging questions facing the field. Finally, this review discusses the potential application of basic studies of ILC biology to the development of new treatments for human patients with inflammatory and infectious diseases in which ILCs play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia D Tait Wojno
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065.,Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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