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Pumphrey SA, Harman CD, Anderson AL, Sweigart B, Komáromy AM. Relative ability of aqueous humor from dogs with and without primary angle-closure glaucoma and ADAMTS10 open-angle glaucoma to catalyze or inhibit collagenolysis. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:238-247. [PMID: 37658474 PMCID: PMC10904665 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the ability of aqueous humor (AH) from dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG), companion dogs without overt evidence of CPACG, and Beagles with and without ADAMTS10 open-angle glaucoma (ADAMTS10-OAG) to catalyze or inhibit collagenolysis. ANIMALS STUDIED Seventeen normal pet dogs, 27 dogs with CPACG, 19 Beagles with ADAMTS10-OAG, and 4 unaffected Beagles. PROCEDURES A fluorescein-based substrate degradation assay was used to assess AH proteolytic capacity. Samples were then assayed using the same substrate degradation assay, with recombinant activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) added to measure protease inhibition effects. RESULTS For the protease activity assay, relative fluorescence (RF) for AH from normal pet dogs was 13.28 ± 2.25% of control collagenase while RF for AH from dogs with CPACG was 17.47 ± 4.67%; RF was 8.57 ± 1.72% for ADAMTS10-OAG Beagles and 7.99 ± 1.15% for unaffected Beagles. For the MMP-2 inhibition assay, RF for AH from normal dogs was 34.96 ± 15.04% compared to MMP-2 controls, while RF from dogs with CPACG was 16.69 ± 7.95%; RF was 85.85 ± 13.23% for Beagles with ADAMTS10-OAG and 94.51 ± 8.36% for unaffected Beagles. Significant differences were found between dogs with CPACG and both normal pet dogs and dogs with ADAMTS10-OAG and between normal pet dogs and both groups of Beagles. CONCLUSIONS AH from dogs with CPACG is significantly more able to catalyze proteolysis and inhibit MMP-2 than AH from normal dogs or dogs with ADAMTS10-OAG. Results suggest that pathogenesis may differ between CPACG and ADAMTS10-OAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Pumphrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Christine D. Harman
- Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda L. Anderson
- Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Sweigart
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - András M. Komáromy
- Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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2
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Diehl KA, Asif SK, Mowat F. Ophthalmic Disease and Screening in Breeding Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:965-983. [PMID: 37246013 PMCID: PMC10527272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the history and infrastructure associated with canine breed-related eye screening and certification by Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. Some of the common or otherwise particularly problematic specific inherited ophthalmic conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Diehl
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sonia Kuhn Asif
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Eye Care, 3783 Pine Lane, Bessemer, AL 35022, USA
| | - Freya Mowat
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53704, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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3
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Abstract
This article provides a simplified approach to diagnosis and clinical decision making in cases of canine glaucoma for the general practitioner. An overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology related to canine glaucoma is provided as a foundation. Classifications of glaucoma based on cause are described as congenital, primary, and secondary, and a discussion of key clinical examination findings is provided to guide appropriate therapy and prognostication. Finally, a discussion of emergency and maintenance therapy is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Sandmeyer
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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4
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Wu HJ, Kuchtey RW, Kuchtey J. Optic neuropathy associated with TGFβ dysregulation in mice with a glaucoma-causative mutation of ADAMTS10. Matrix Biol 2022; 113:83-99. [PMID: 36216203 PMCID: PMC10001177 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that causes irreversible blindness due to loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. We previously identified a G661R mutation of ADAMTS10 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin type 1 motif 10) as the disease-causing mutation in a beagle model of glaucoma. ADAMTS10 is a secreted matrix metalloproteinase that belongs to the ADAMTS family which is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. Previous studies have shown that ADAMTS10 binds fibrillin microfibrils, promotes their formation, and influences their fibrillin isoform composition. Here, we established a mouse model carrying the G661R mutation of ADAMTS10 (ADAMTS10G661R/G661R) to investigate its ocular phenotypes related to glaucoma and to explore possible functions of ADAMTS10. We found that ADAMTS10 was expressed in the inner retina and along RGC axons in the optic nerve. However, ADAMTS10 was not colocalized with fibrillin microfibrils in these tissues, suggesting fibrillin-independent function for ADAMTS10. In electroretinogram experiments, we found that ADAMTS10G661R/G661R mice had reduced amplitude of retinal responses to dim light stimulus, indicating RGC dysfunction. The reduced RGC function coincided with RGC axon structural changes manifested as smaller optic nerves and fewer optic nerve axons, which may contribute to glaucoma. The reduced number of optic nerve axons found for ADAMTS10G661R/G661R mice occurred early, suggesting developmental deficits. Subsequent experiments found increased apoptosis in the retina of ADAMTS10G661R/G661R mice during postnatal development, which could result in fewer RGCs produced, accounting for fewer optic nerve axons in adulthood. Consistent with a protective effect of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling against apoptosis during retinal development as shown previously by others, we found increased apoptosis accompanied by decreased TGFβ signaling in the developing retina of ADAMTS10G661R/G661R mice, suggesting a novel role for ADAMTS10 in regulating TGFβ signaling which could involve direct interaction between ADAMTS10 and latent TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Jing Wu
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, AA7100 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-8808, USA
| | - Rachel W Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, AA7100 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-8808, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0022, USA
| | - John Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, AA7100 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-8808, USA.
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Wareham LK, Whitener AE, Wu HJ, Wu SY, Mchaourab HS, Mortlock DP, Kuchtey RW, Kuchtey J. Adamts10 controls transforming growth factor β family signaling that contributes to retinal ganglion cell development. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:989851. [PMID: 36148008 PMCID: PMC9485804 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.989851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mutations in ADAMTS10 have long been known to cause autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani Syndrome which is characterized by short stature and ocular abnormalities, more recent work has shown that certain mutations in ADAMTS10 cause glaucoma in dogs. In humans, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss that affects tens of millions of people world-wide. Vision loss in glaucoma is a result of neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells that form the inner-most layer of the retina and whose axons form the optic nerve which relays visual information to the brain. ADAMTS10 contributes to the formation of microfibrils which sequester latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Among its many biological functions, TGFβ promotes the development of retinal ganglion cells and is also known to play other roles in glaucoma pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ADAMTS10 plays a role in retinal ganglion cell development through regulation of TGFβ signaling. To this end, Adamts10 expression was targeted for reduction in zebrafish embryos carrying either a fluorescent reporter that labels retinal ganglion cells, or a fluorescent reporter of pSmad3-mediated TGFβ family signaling. Loss of adamts10 function in zebrafish embryos reduced retinal ganglion cell reporter fluorescence and prevented formation of an ordered retinal ganglion cell layer. Targeting adamts10 expression also drastically reduced constitutive TGFβ signaling in the eye. Direct inhibition of the TGFβ receptor reduced retinal ganglion cell reporter fluorescence similar to the effect of targeting adamts10 expression. These findings unveil a previously unknown role for Adamts10 in retinal ganglion cell development and suggest that the developmental role of Adamts10 is mediated by active TGFβ family signaling. In addition, our results show for the first time that Adamts10 is necessary for pSmad3-mediated constitutive TGFβ family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Amy E. Whitener
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Hang-Jing Wu
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Hassane S. Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas P. Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rachel W. Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: John Kuchtey,
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Pumphrey SA, Zitek-Morrison E, Pizzirani S, Meola DM. Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in aqueous humor of dogs with versus without naturally occurring primary angle-closure glaucoma. Am J Vet Res 2021; 83:245-255. [PMID: 34936570 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.04.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in aqueous humor from ophthalmologically normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring primary angle-closure glaucoma (cPACG). SAMPLE Aqueous humor samples from 12 eyes with cPACG and 18 ophthalmologically normal eyes of dogs. PROCEDURES A multiplex fluorescence-based ELISA was used to measure concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4. Results for eyes with versus without cPACG were compared. RESULTS Significantly higher mean concentrations of MMP-1 (45% higher), MMP-2 (55% higher), MMP-3 (39% higher), MMP-8 (79% higher), MMP-9 (29% higher), MMP-10 (60% higher), TIMP-1 (63% higher), and TIMP-2 (136% higher) were detected in aqueous humor from eyes with cPACG, compared with ophthalmologically normal eyes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MMPs and TIMPs have pivotal roles in extracellular matrix turnover and homeostasis in the outflow pathways of the eye. Results of the present study documented higher concentrations of MMPs and TIMPs in aqueous humor samples from dog eyes with late-stage cPACG. Although, to our knowledge, TIMPs have not previously been evaluated in the context of cPACG, the markedly higher concentration of TIMPs in eyes with cPACG suggested that inhibition of proteolysis and extracellular matrix turnover might be a factor in the development of glaucoma in susceptible individuals. However, because the present study used samples from dogs with late-stage cPACG, further work is required to characterize the temporal relationship between MMP and TIMP concentration changes and onset or progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Pumphrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Emily Zitek-Morrison
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | - Stefano Pizzirani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Dawn M Meola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
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7
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Tzouganakis I, Tsvetanova A, Jeanes EC, Mellersh CS, Gould DJ. Investigation of the allele frequency of the G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation causing primary lens luxation in the Portuguese Podengo breed. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25:85-89. [PMID: 34870369 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the allele frequency of the PLL-causing G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation in the Portuguese Podengo population in the UK and investigate a possible correlation between the mutation and short stature. METHODS Two groups of dogs (Group 1 and Group 2) were recruited for the purpose of the study. Group 1 (n = 40) consisted of dogs which were genotyped only and Group 2 (n = 42) consisted of dogs which were genotyped, underwent a full ophthalmological examination and also had their height measured at the withers. RESULTS In Group 1, genotyping for the ADAMTS17:c.1473+1G>A mutation confirmed 1/40 homozygous for the mutated allele (-/-), 7/40 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/-), and 32/40 homozygous for the wild-type allele (+/+) dogs. In Group 2, genotyping of the dogs confirmed 6/42 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/-) and homozygous for the wild-type allele (+/+) dogs. In total, 1/82 (1.2%) dogs were confirmed to be homozygous for the mutated allele, 13/82 (15.8%) heterozygous for the mutated allele and 68/82 (83%) homozygous for the wild-type allele. The frequency of the mutated allele across both groups was calculated as 0.09. A statistically significant correlation between the mutation and short stature could not be established (p = .590). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of the mutation calculated in this study (0.09) is high. Genetic testing should be considered for each dog prior to breeding with a view of selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily C Jeanes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Ophthalmology Service, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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8
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A Missense Variant in the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome 2 Gene ( BBS2) Leads to a Novel Syndromic Retinal Degeneration in the Shetland Sheepdog. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111771. [PMID: 34828377 PMCID: PMC8624581 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) describes a group of hereditary diseases characterized by photoreceptor cell death in the retina, leading to visual impairment. Despite the identification of multiple PRA-causing variants, extensive heterogeneity of PRA is observed across and within dog breeds, with many still genetically unsolved. This study sought to elucidate the causal variant for a distinct form of PRA in the Shetland sheepdog, using a whole-genome sequencing approach. Filtering variants from a single PRA-affected Shetland sheepdog genome compared to 176 genomes of other breeds identified a single nucleotide variant in exon 11 of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome-2 gene (BBS2) (c.1222G>C; p.Ala408Pro). Genotyping 1386 canids of 155 dog breeds, 15 cross breeds and 8 wolves indicated the c.1222G>C variant was only segregated within Shetland sheepdogs. Out of 505 Shetland sheepdogs, seven were homozygous for the variant. Clinical history and photographs for three homozygotes indicated the presence of a novel phenotype. In addition to PRA, additional clinical features in homozygous dogs support the discovery of a novel syndromic PRA in the breed. The development and utilization of a diagnostic DNA test aim to prevent the mutation from becoming more prevalent in the breed.
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9
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Wu HJ, Mortlock DP, Kuchtey RW, Kuchtey J. Altered Ocular Fibrillin Microfibril Composition in Mice With a Glaucoma-Causing Mutation of Adamts10. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34424262 PMCID: PMC8383930 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously, we identified a G661R mutation of ADAMTS10 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 10) as being disease causative in a colony of Beagles with inherited primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Mutations in ADAMTS10 are known to cause Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS), which is also caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), suggesting functional linkage between ADAMTS10 and fibrillin-1, the principal component of microfibrils. Here, we established a mouse line with the G661R mutation of Adamts10 (Adamts10G661R/G661R) to determine if they develop features of WMS and alterations of ocular fibrillin microfibrils. Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a TonoLab rebound tonometer. Central cornea thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) of the eye were examined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Sagittal eye sections from mice at postnatal day 10 (P10) and at 3 and 24 months of age were stained with antibodies against fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, and ADAMTS10. Results IOP was not elevated in Adamts10G661R/G661R mice. Adamts10G661R/G661R mice had smaller bodies, thicker CCT, and shallower ACD compared to wild-type mice but normal AL. Adamts10G661R/G661R mice displayed persistent fibrillin-2 and enhanced fibrillin-1 immunofluorescence in the lens zonules and in the hyaloid vasculature and its remnants in the vitreous. Conclusions Adamts10G661R/G661R mice recapitulate the short stature and ocular phenotypes of WMS. The altered fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 immunoactivity in Adamts10G661R/G661R mice suggests that the G661R mutation of Adamts10 perturbs regulation of the fibrillin isotype composition of microfibrils in the mouse eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Jing Wu
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel W Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - John Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Komáromy AM, Koehl KL, Park SA. Looking into the future: Gene and cell therapies for glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24 Suppl 1:16-33. [PMID: 33411993 PMCID: PMC7979454 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex group of optic neuropathies that affects both humans and animals. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is a major risk factor that results in the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Currently, lowering IOP by medical and surgical methods is the only approved treatment for primary glaucoma, but there is no cure, and vision loss often progresses despite therapy. Recent technologic advances provide us with a better understanding of disease mechanisms and risk factors; this will permit earlier diagnosis of glaucoma and initiation of therapy sooner and more effectively. Gene and cell therapies are well suited to target these mechanisms specifically with the potential to achieve a lasting therapeutic effect. Much progress has been made in laboratory settings to develop these novel therapies for the eye. Gene and cell therapies have already been translated into clinical application for some inherited retinal dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Except for the intravitreal application of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) by encapsulated cell technology for RGC neuroprotection, there has been no other clinical translation of gene and cell therapies for glaucoma so far. Possible application of gene and cell therapies consists of long-term IOP control via increased aqueous humor drainage, including inhibition of fibrosis following filtration surgery, RGC neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, modification of ocular biomechanics for improved IOP tolerance, and inhibition of inflammation and neovascularization to prevent the development of some forms of secondary glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- András M. Komáromy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kristin L. Koehl
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shin Ae Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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11
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Wu HJ, Kuchtey J, Kuchtey RW. Increased Susceptibility to Glaucomatous Damage in Microfibril Deficient Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:28. [PMID: 32797197 PMCID: PMC7441341 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test whether mice with microfibril deficiency due to the Tsk mutation of fibrillin-1 (Fbn1Tsk/+) have increased susceptibility to pressure-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was induced in Fbn1Tsk/+ and wild type (wt) mice by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber. Mice were then followed up for four months, with IOP measurements every three to six days. Retinas were stained for Brn3a to determine RGC number. Optic nerve cross-sections were stained with p-phenylene diamine to determine nerve area, axon number, and caliber and thickness of the pia mater. Results Microbead injection induced significant IOP elevation that was significantly less for Fbn1Tsk/+ mice compared with wt. The optic nerves and optic nerve axons were larger, and the elastic fiber-rich pia mater was thinner in Fbn1Tsk/+ mice. Microbead injection resulted in reduced optic nerve size, thicker pia mater, and a slight decrease in axon size. Fbn1Tsk/+ mice had significantly greater loss of RGCs and optic nerve axons compared with wt (14.8% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.002, and 17.0% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Fbn1Tsk/+mice had altered optic nerve structure as indicated by larger optic nerves, larger optic nerve axons and thinner pia mater, consistent with our previous findings. Despite lower IOP elevation, Fbn1Tsk/+mice had greater loss of RGCs and optic nerve axons, suggesting increased susceptibility to IOP-induced optic nerve degeneration in microfibril-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Jing Wu
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - John Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel W Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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12
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Abstract
The Zonule of Zinn, or ciliary zonule, is the elaborate system of extracellular fibers that centers the lens in the eye. In humans, the fibers transmit forces that flatten the lens during the process of disaccommodation, thereby bringing distant objects into focus. Zonular fibers are composed almost entirely of 10-12 nm-wide microfibrils, of which polymerized fibrillin is the most abundant component. The thickest fibers have a fascicular organization, where hundreds or thousands of microfibrils are gathered into micrometer-wide bundles. Many such bundles are aggregated to form a fiber. Dozens of proteins comprise the zonule. Most are derived from cells of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium in the pars plana region, although some are probably contributed by the lens and perhaps other tissues of the anterior segment. Zonular fibers are viscoelastic cables but their component microfibrils are rather stiff structures. Thus, the elastic properties of the fibers likely stem from lateral interactions between microfibrils. Rupture of zonular fibers and subsequent lens dislocation (ectopia lentis) can result from blunt force trauma or be a sequela of other eye diseases, notably exfoliation syndrome. Ectopia lentis is also a feature of syndromic conditions caused typically by mutations in microfibril-associated genes. The resulting ocular phenotypes raise the possibility that the zonule regulates lens size and shape, globe size, and even corneal topology, in addition to its well-recognized role in accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bassnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Graham KL, Diefenbach E, McCowan CI, White AJR. A technique for shotgun proteomic analysis of the precorneal tear film in dogs with naturally occurring primary glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24 Suppl 1:131-145. [PMID: 32364655 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To introduce a protocol for the characterization of protein patterns in tears of dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). ANIMALS Nineteen dogs (25 eyes). METHODS Tear samples were collected using a Schirmer tear strip, from dogs with PACG (PACG-affected eyes, n = 8; unaffected eyes predisposed to PACG, n = 7), POAG (n = 4), and healthy controls (n = 6). Protein precipitation and trypsin digestion were performed for analyses via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified using the SwissProt protein sequence database. Relative protein expression in 17 eyes (15 dogs) was evaluated using Proteome Discoverer 2.0. Pathway analyses were performed to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with primary glaucoma. RESULTS Unique peptides were identified in 505 proteins, with Major allergen Can f 1 and albumin identified with high confidence. Proteins unique to tears from diseased eyes (PACG: n = 7; POAG: n = 14) were identified. Nucleoside diphosphate was unique to tears in PACG eyes naïve to therapy, while retinal binding protein and NSFL1 cofactor p47 were unique to medicated PACG eyes. Relative expression of 34 proteins differed between disease states. Pathway analyses identified that the 'inflammatory response' was among the top disease/disorders in dogs with primary glaucoma (PACG and POAG) but not in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Tear samples suitable for mass spectrometry were readily obtained from pet dogs without needing specialized equipment. Further studies to validate the findings and explore potential candidate biomarkers for early disease detection and potential therapeutic targets are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Graham
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eve Diefenbach
- Westmead Proteomics Facility, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina I McCowan
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew J R White
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Oliver JAC, Wright H, Massidda PA, Burmeister LM, Mellersh CS. A variant in OLFML3 is associated with pectinate ligament abnormality and primary closed-angle glaucoma in Border Collies from the United Kingdom. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:25-36. [PMID: 31141290 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Canine primary closed-angle glaucoma (PCAG) is a complex disease caused by multiple genetic factors. A c.590G>A variant in OLFML3 was recently reported to be a candidate for pectinate ligament abnormality (PLA) and PCAG in the Border Collie. We investigated the association of this variant with PLA and PCAG in Border Collies from the United Kingdom. METHODS The OLFML3 variant was genotyped in 106 Border Collies comprising 90 with normal eyes (controls) and 16 with PLA (n = 11) and/or PCAG (n = 5) (cases). Genotyping was performed in an additional 103 Border Collies to estimate variant frequency within the population. To investigate the association of the variant with disease in other breeds, genotyping was performed in 337 non-Border Collies with PLA and/or PCAG. RESULTS Of the 90 controls, 71 were homozygous for the wild-type allele, two were homozygous for the variant, and 17 were heterozygous. Of the 16 cases, three were homozygous for the wild-type allele, 11 were homozygous for the variant, and two were heterozygous. The association of the variant allele with disease was significant (P = 1.1 x 10-9 ). We estimated the frequency of this variant to be 4.4% within the United Kingdom Border Collie population, and it was not identified in clinically affected dogs of any other breed. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the association of the OLFML3 variant with PLA and PCAG in Border Collies from the United Kingdom. DNA testing for the variant and selective breeding can reasonably be expected to result in a reduction of PLA and PCAG prevalence in the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A C Oliver
- Ophthalmology Service, Dick White Referrals, Cambridge, UK.,Canine Genetics Research, Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, UK
| | - Hattie Wright
- Canine Genetics Research, Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, UK
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15
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Hitti RJ, Oliver JAC, Schofield EC, Bauer A, Kaukonen M, Forman OP, Leeb T, Lohi H, Burmeister LM, Sargan D, Mellersh CS. Whole Genome Sequencing of Giant Schnauzer Dogs with Progressive Retinal Atrophy Establishes NECAP1 as a Novel Candidate Gene for Retinal Degeneration. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050385. [PMID: 31117272 PMCID: PMC6562617 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine progressive retinal atrophies (PRA) are genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by retinal degeneration and subsequent blindness. PRAs are untreatable and affect multiple dog breeds, significantly impacting welfare. Three out of seven Giant Schnauzer (GS) littermates presented with PRA around four years of age. We sought to identify the causal variant to improve our understanding of the aetiology of this form of PRA and to enable development of a DNA test. Whole genome sequencing of two PRA-affected full-siblings and both unaffected parents was performed. Variants were filtered based on those segregating appropriately for an autosomal recessive disorder and predicted to be deleterious. Successive filtering against 568 canine genomes identified a single nucleotide variant in the gene encoding NECAP endocytosis associated 1 (NECAP1): c.544G>A (p.Gly182Arg). Five thousand one hundred and thirty canids of 175 breeds, 10 cross-breeds and 3 wolves were genotyped for c.544G>A. Only the three PRA-affected GS were homozygous (allele frequency in GS, excluding proband family = 0.015). In addition, we identified heterozygotes belonging to Spitz and Dachshund varieties, demonstrating c.544G>A segregates in other breeds of German origin. This study, in parallel with the known retinal expression and role of NECAP1 in clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) in synapses, presents NECAP1 as a novel candidate gene for retinal degeneration in dogs and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekkah J Hitti
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - James A C Oliver
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
| | - Ellen C Schofield
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
| | - Anina Bauer
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Kaukonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Oliver P Forman
- Wisdom Health, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RS, UK.
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Louise M Burmeister
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
| | - David Sargan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Cathryn S Mellersh
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
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Jeanes EC, Oliver JAC, Ricketts SL, Gould DJ, Mellersh CS. Glaucoma-causing ADAMTS17 mutations are also reproducibly associated with height in two domestic dog breeds: selection for short stature may have contributed to increased prevalence of glaucoma. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 31131111 PMCID: PMC6524303 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-019-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, ADAMTS17 mutations are known to cause Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome, which is characterised by lenticular myopia, ectopia lentis, glaucoma, spherophakia, and short stature. Breed-specific homozygous mutations in ADAMTS17 are associated with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in several dog breeds, including the Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen (PBGV) and Shar Pei (SP). We hypothesised that these mutations are associated with short stature in these breeds. Methods Two hundred thirty-three PBGV and 66 SP were genotyped for their breed-specific ADAMTS17 mutations. The height of each dog was measured at the withers. We used linear (per allele) regression to assess the association between ADAMTS17 mutations and height as a continuous variable, and linear regression and likelihood ratio tests to assess the shape of the association by comparing a general model with a linear (per allele) model. Results The adjusted mean heights of affected, carrier, and clear PBGV were 33.49 cm (n = 21, 95% CI 32.78-34.19 cm), 34.88 cm (n = 85, 95% CI 34.53-35.25 cm), and 34.92 cm (n = 121, 95% CI 34.62-35.21 cm), respectively. The mean heights of affected, carrier, and clear SP were 43.96 cm (n = 9, 95% CI 41.88-46.03 cm), 47.56 cm (n = 28, 95% CI 45.50-48.63 cm), and 48.95 cm (n = 23, 95% CI 47.80-50.11 cm), respectively. There was a significant difference between the height of affected and clear animals in the PBGV (P = 0.001) and the SP (P = < 0.0001). Conclusions ADAMTS17 POAG mutations are significantly associated with height in these breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Jeanes
- 1Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU UK
| | - James A C Oliver
- 2Canine Genetics Research Group, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU UK
| | - Sally L Ricketts
- 2Canine Genetics Research Group, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU UK
| | - David J Gould
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, SG5 3HR UK
| | - Cathryn S Mellersh
- 2Canine Genetics Research Group, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU UK
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17
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A novel nonsense mutation in ADAMTS17 caused autosomal recessive inheritance Weill–Marchesani syndrome from a Chinese family. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:681-687. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Plassais J, Kim J, Davis BW, Karyadi DM, Hogan AN, Harris AC, Decker B, Parker HG, Ostrander EA. Whole genome sequencing of canids reveals genomic regions under selection and variants influencing morphology. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1489. [PMID: 30940804 PMCID: PMC6445083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic dog breeds are characterized by an unrivaled diversity of morphologic traits and breed-associated behaviors resulting from human selective pressures. To identify the genetic underpinnings of such traits, we analyze 722 canine whole genome sequences (WGS), documenting over 91 million single nucleotide and small indels, creating a large catalog of genomic variation for a companion animal species. We undertake both selective sweep analyses and genome wide association studies (GWAS) inclusive of over 144 modern breeds, 54 wild canids and a hundred village dogs. Our results identify variants of strong impact associated with 16 phenotypes, including body weight variation which, when combined with existing data, explain greater than 90% of body size variation in dogs. We thus demonstrate that GWAS and selection scans performed with WGS are powerful complementary methods for expanding the utility of companion animal systems for the study of mammalian growth and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Plassais
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian W Davis
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Andrew N Hogan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alex C Harris
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brennan Decker
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heidi G Parker
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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19
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Oliver JA, Ricketts SL, Kuehn MH, Mellersh CS. Primary closed angle glaucoma in the Basset Hound: Genetic investigations using genome-wide association and RNA sequencing strategies. Mol Vis 2019; 25:93-105. [PMID: 30820145 PMCID: PMC6377385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the genetic basis of primary closed angle glaucoma (PCAG) in European Basset Hounds using genome-wide association and RNA sequencing strategies. Methods DNA samples from 119 European Basset Hounds were genotyped on the 170 K SNP CanineHD BeadChip array (Illumina) comprising 37 with normal iridocorneal angles (controls), 57 with pectinate ligament abnormality (PLA cases), and 25 with PCAG (PCAG cases). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the PLA and PCAG cases were conducted. Whole transcriptome sequences of iridocorneal angle tissues from five Basset Hounds with PCAG were compared with those from four dogs with normal eyes to investigate differences in gene expression between the affected and unaffected eyes in GWAS-associated loci. A variant in NEB, previously reported to be associated with PCAG in American Basset Hounds, was genotyped in cohorts of European Basset Hounds and non-Basset Hounds. Results The GWASs revealed 1.4 and 0.2 Mb regions, on chromosomes 24 and 37, respectively, that are statistically associated with PCAG. The former locus has previously been associated with glaucoma in humans. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression of eight genes within these two loci. The NEB variant was not associated with PLA or PCAG in this set of European Basset Hounds. Conclusions We identified two novel loci for canine PCAG. Further investigation is required to elucidate candidate variants that underlie canine PCAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A.C. Oliver
- Canine Genetics Research Group, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Sally L. Ricketts
- Canine Genetics Research Group, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Markus H. Kuehn
- The University of Iowa, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Iowa City, IO
| | - Cathryn S. Mellersh
- Canine Genetics Research Group, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Dogs are second only to humans in medical surveillance and preventative health care, leading to a recent perception of increased cancer incidence. Scientific priorities in veterinary oncology have thus shifted, with a demand for cancer genetic screens, better diagnostics, and more effective therapies. Most dog breeds came into existence within the last 300 years, and many are derived from small numbers of founders. Each has undergone strong artificial selection, in which dog fanciers selected for many traits, including body size, fur type, color, skull shape, and behavior, to create novel breeds. The adoption of the breed barrier rule-no dog may become a registered member of a breed unless both its dam and its sire are registered members-ensures a relatively closed genetic pool within each breed. As a result, there is strong phenotypic homogeneity within breeds but extraordinary phenotypic variation between breeds. One consequence of this is the high level of breed-associated genetic disease. We and others have taken advantage of this to identify genes for a large number of canine maladies for which mouse models do not exist, particularly with regard to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Dayna L Dreger
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Evans
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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21
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Enlarged Optic Nerve Axons and Reduced Visual Function in Mice with Defective Microfibrils. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0260-18. [PMID: 30406200 PMCID: PMC6220594 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0260-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that develops slowly with age. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor, although many patients develop glaucoma with IOP in the normal range. Mutations in microfibril-associated genes cause glaucoma in animal models, suggesting the hypothesis that microfibril defects contribute to glaucoma. To test this hypothesis, we investigated IOP and functional/structural correlates of RGC degeneration in mice of either sex with abnormal microfibrils due to heterozygous Tsk mutation of the fibrilin-1 gene (Fbn1Tsk/+). Although IOP was not affected, Fbn1Tsk/+ mice developed functional deficits at advanced age consistent with glaucoma, including reduced RGC responses in electroretinogram (ERG) experiments. While RGC density in the retina was not affected, the density of RGC axons in the optic nerve was significantly reduced in Fbn1Tsk/+ mice. However, reduced axon density correlated with expanded optic nerves, resulting in similar numbers of axons in Fbn1Tsk/+ and control nerves. Axons in the optic nerves of Fbn1Tsk/+ mice were significantly enlarged and axon diameter was strongly correlated with optic nerve area, as has been reported in early pathogenesis of the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Our results suggest that microfibril abnormalities can lead to phenotypes found in early-stage glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Thinning of the elastic fiber-rich pia mater was found in Fbn1Tsk/+ mice, suggesting mechanisms allowing for optic nerve expansion and a possible biomechanical contribution to determination of axon caliber.
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22
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Mead TJ, Apte SS. ADAMTS proteins in human disorders. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:225-239. [PMID: 29885460 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ADAMTS proteins are a superfamily of 26 secreted molecules comprising two related, but distinct families. ADAMTS proteases are zinc metalloendopeptidases, most of whose substrates are extracellular matrix (ECM) components, whereas ADAMTS-like proteins lack a metalloprotease domain, reside in the ECM and have regulatory roles vis-à-vis ECM assembly and/or ADAMTS activity. Evolutionary conservation and expansion of ADAMTS proteins in mammals is suggestive of crucial embryologic or physiological roles in humans. Indeed, Mendelian disorders or birth defects resulting from naturally occurring ADAMTS2, ADAMTS3, ADAMTS10, ADAMTS13, ADAMTS17, ADAMTS20, ADAMTSL2 and ADAMTSL4 mutations as well as numerous phenotypes identified in genetically engineered mice have revealed ADAMTS participation in major biological pathways. Important roles have been identified in a few acquired conditions. ADAMTS5 is unequivocally implicated in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis via degradation of aggrecan, a major structural proteoglycan in cartilage. ADAMTS7 is strongly associated with coronary artery disease and promotes atherosclerosis. Autoantibodies to ADAMTS13 lead to a platelet coagulopathy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which is similar to that resulting from ADAMTS13 mutations. ADAMTS proteins have numerous potential connections to other human disorders that were identified by genome-wide association studies. Here, we review inherited and acquired human disorders in which ADAMTS proteins participate, and discuss progress and prospects in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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23
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Oliver JAC, Rustidge S, Pettitt L, Jenkins CA, Farias FHG, Giuliano EA, Mellersh CS. Evaluation of ADAMTS17 in Chinese Shar-Pei with primary open-angle glaucoma, primary lens luxation, or both. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:98-106. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Broeckx BJG, Derrien T, Mottier S, Wucher V, Cadieu E, Hédan B, Le Béguec C, Botherel N, Lindblad-Toh K, Saunders JH, Deforce D, André C, Peelman L, Hitte C. An exome sequencing based approach for genome-wide association studies in the dog. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15680. [PMID: 29142306 PMCID: PMC5688105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to identify loci associated with phenotypic traits in the domestic dog that has emerged as a model for Mendelian and complex traits. However, a disadvantage of GWAS is that it always requires subsequent fine-mapping or sequencing to pinpoint causal mutations. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and canine high-density (cHD) SNP genotyping of 28 dogs from 3 breeds to compare the SNP and linkage disequilibrium characteristics together with the power and mapping precision of exome-guided GWAS (EG-GWAS) versus cHD-based GWAS. Using simulated phenotypes, we showed that EG-GWAS has a higher power than cHD to detect associations within target regions and less power outside target regions, with power being influenced further by sample size and SNP density. We analyzed two real phenotypes (hair length and furnishing), that are fixed in certain breeds to characterize mapping precision of the known causal mutations. EG-GWAS identified the associated exonic and 3'UTR variants within the FGF5 and RSPO2 genes, respectively, with only a few samples per breed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that EG-GWAS can identify loci associated with Mendelian phenotypes both within and across breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart J G Broeckx
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Derrien
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Mottier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Valentin Wucher
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Edouard Cadieu
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Benoît Hédan
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Le Béguec
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Botherel
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine André
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Luc Peelman
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christophe Hitte
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-URM6290, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France.
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Cox ML, Evans JM, Davis AG, Guo LT, Levy JR, Starr-Moss AN, Salmela E, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Campbell KP, Clark LA, Shelton GD. Exome sequencing reveals independent SGCD deletions causing limb girdle muscular dystrophy in Boston terriers. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:15. [PMID: 28697784 PMCID: PMC5506588 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited autosomal myopathies that preferentially affect voluntary muscles of the shoulders and hips. LGMD has been clinically described in several breeds of dogs, but the responsible mutations are unknown. The clinical presentation in dogs is characterized by marked muscle weakness and atrophy in the shoulder and hips during puppyhood. METHODS Following clinical evaluation, the identification of the dystrophic histological phenotype on muscle histology, and demonstration of the absence of sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex by immunostaining, whole exome sequencing was performed on five Boston terriers: one affected dog and its three family members and one unrelated affected dog. RESULTS Within sarcoglycan-δ (SGCD), a two base pair deletion segregating with LGMD in the family was discovered, and a deletion encompassing exons 7 and 8 was found in the unrelated dog. Both mutations are predicted to cause an absence of SGCD protein, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The mutations are private to each family. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe the first cases of canine LGMD characterized at the molecular level with the classification of LGMD2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Cox
- CAG GmbH - Center for Animal Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Jacquelyn M. Evans
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Alexander G. Davis
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Ling T. Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Levy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101 USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Alison N. Starr-Moss
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Elina Salmela
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101 USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Leigh Anne Clark
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Unusual life cycle and impact on microfibril assembly of ADAMTS17, a secreted metalloprotease mutated in genetic eye disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41871. [PMID: 28176809 PMCID: PMC5296908 DOI: 10.1038/srep41871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted metalloproteases have diverse roles in the formation, remodeling, and the destruction of extracellular matrix. Recessive mutations in the secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS17 cause ectopia lentis and short stature in humans with Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome and primary open angle glaucoma and ectopia lentis in dogs. Little is known about this protease or its connection to fibrillin microfibrils, whose major component, fibrillin-1, is genetically associated with ectopia lentis and alterations in height. Fibrillin microfibrils form the ocular zonule and are present in the drainage apparatus of the eye. We show that recombinant ADAMTS17 has unique characteristics and an unusual life cycle. It undergoes rapid autocatalytic processing in trans after its secretion from cells. Secretion of ADAMTS17 requires O-fucosylation and its autocatalytic activity does not depend on propeptide processing by furin. ADAMTS17 binds recombinant fibrillin-2 but not fibrillin-1 and does not cleave either. It colocalizes to fibrillin-1 containing microfibrils in cultured fibroblasts and suppresses fibrillin-2 (FBN2) incorporation in microfibrils, in part by transcriptional downregulation of Fbn2 mRNA expression. RNA in situ hybridization detected Adamts17 expression in specific structures in the eye, skeleton and other organs, where it may regulate the fibrillin isoform composition of microfibrils.
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Abstract
In many health-related fields, there is great interest in the identification of biomarkers that distinguish diseased from healthy individuals. In addition to identifying the diseased state, biomarkers have potential use in predicting disease risk, monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and informing pathogenesis. This review details the genetic and biochemical markers associated with canine primary glaucoma. While there are numerous molecular markers (biochemical and genetic) associated with glaucoma in dogs, there is no ideal biomarker that allows early diagnosis and/or identification of disease progression. Genetic mutations associated with canine glaucoma include those affecting ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, Myocilin, Nebulin, COL1A2, RAB22A, and SRBD1. With the exception of Myocilin, there is very limited crossover in genetic biomarkers identified between human and canine glaucomas. Mutations associated with canine glaucoma vary between and within canine breeds, and gene discoveries therefore have limited overall effects as a screening tool in the general canine population. Biochemical markers of glaucoma include indicators of inflammation, oxidative stress, serum autoantibodies, matrix metalloproteinases, tumor necrosis factor–α, and transforming growth factor–β. These markers include those that indicate an adaptive or protective response, as well as those that reflect the damage arising from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Graham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C. McCowan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. White
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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