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Liu R. A promising area of research in medicine: recent advances in properties and applications of Lactobacillus-derived exosomes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1266510. [PMID: 38686107 PMCID: PMC11056577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1266510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus-derived exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by bacteria, have emerged as a promising area of research in recent years. These exosomes possess a unique structural and functional diversity that allows them to regulate the immune response and promote gut health. The isolation and purification of these exosomes are crucial for their effective use as a therapeutic agent. Several isolation and purification methods have been developed, including differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and size-exclusion chromatography. Lactobacillus-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential in various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, and neurological disorders. Moreover, they have been shown to serve as effective carriers for drug delivery. Genetic engineering of these exosomes has also shown promise in enhancing their therapeutic potential. Overall, Lactobacillus-derived exosomes represent a promising area of research for the development of novel therapeutics for immunomodulation, gut health, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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2
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Kaur N, Dey P. Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Emerging Bioactive Macromolecules: From Fundamentals to Applications. Res Microbiol 2022; 174:104024. [PMID: 36587857 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular carbohydrate polymers forming capsules or slimy coating around the cells. EPS can be secreted by various bacterial genera that can help bacterial cells in attachment, environmental adaptation, stress tolerance and are an integral part of microbial biofilms. Several gut commensals (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) produce EPS that possess diverse bioactivities. Bacterial EPS also has extensive commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Owing to the structural and functional diversity, genetic and metabolic engineering strategies are currently employed to increase EPS production. Therefore, the current review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of bacterial exopolysaccharides, including their classification, source, biosynthetic pathways, and functions in the microbial community. The review also provides an overview of the diverse bioactivities of microbial EPS, including immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer properties. Since several gut microbes are EPS producers and gut microbiota helps maintain a functional gut barrier, emphasis has been given to the intestinal-level bioactivities of the gut microbial EPS. Collectively, the review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial bioactive exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Peng S, Guo C, Wu S, Duan Z. Isolation, characterization and anti-UVB irradiation activity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus VHPriobi O17. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11125. [PMID: 36299523 PMCID: PMC9589185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and evaluate EPS anti-UVB viability. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus VHPriobi O17 with high EPS production was screened from 34 strains of LAB. The EPS (OP-2) produced by L. rhamnosus VHPriobi O17 was purified by alcohol precipitation and DEAE-μSphere anion exchange chromatography. By ion chromatography, FT-IR spectrum and gel column chromatography, EPS (OP-2) was a novel Man-like polysaccharide with the weight-averaged molecular of 84.2 kDa. The EPS (OP-2) can effectively alleviate HaCaT cells apoptosis and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by UVB. The results also showed that it inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8); and suppressed the phosphorylation cascade of JNK and p38 MAPK to reduce the expression level of active-caspase3, ultimately prevented cell apoptosis. Thus, the EPS produced by L. rhamnosus VHPriobi O17 have the potential to be used for human anti-UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-Manufacturing, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Chaoqun Guo
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc. Nutrition and Health Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc. Nutrition and Health Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Duan
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc. Nutrition and Health Technology Center, Qingdao, China,Corresponding author.
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4
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Li J, Feng S, Yu L, Zhao J, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Characteristics and Biological Activity of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lysobacter sp. MMG2 Isolated from the Roots of Tagetes patula. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071257. [PMID: 35888976 PMCID: PMC9325234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Lysobacter sp. MMG2 (lyEPS) was characterized and purified. The lyEPS-producing strain Lysobacter sp. MMG2 was isolated from the roots of Tagetes patula. When lyEPS was produced in tryptic soy broth with 1% glucose and the lyophilized powder was measured, the yield was found to be 0.67 g/L. The molecular weight (Mw) of lyEPS was 1.01 × 105 Da. Its monosaccharide composition includes 84.24% mannose, 9.73% glucose, 2.55% galactose, 2.77% arabinose, 0.32% xylose, and 0.03% rhamnose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that lyEPS has various round and rough surfaces. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identified its carbohydrate polymer functional groups. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis of lyEPS revealed two events of mass loss: the first was water loss, which resulted in 3.97% mass loss and the second event occurred at approximately 212 °C. lyEPS could inhibit biofilm-producing pathogenic bacteria without any antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, lyEPS at a concentration of 4 mg/mL could exhibit potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity (89.25%). These results indicate that lyEPS could be a promising candidate for industrial development if its biological activity is further explored.
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Yang J, Kuang H, Li N, Hamdy AM, Song J. The modulation and mechanism of probiotic-derived polysaccharide capsules on the immune response in allergic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8768-8780. [PMID: 35400262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, derived from the dysregulation of immune tolerance mechanisms, have been rising in the last two decades. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that probiotic-derived polysaccharide capsules exhibit a protective effect against allergic diseases, involving regulation of Th1/Th2 balance, induction of differentiation of T regulatory cells and activation of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs have a central role in controlling the immune response through their interaction with gut microbiota via their pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors and C-type-lectin receptors. This review discusses the effects and critical mechanism of probiotic-derived polysaccharide capsules in regulating the immune system to alleviate allergic diseases. We first describe the development of immune response in allergic diseases and recent relevant findings. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of probiotic-derived polysaccharide capsules on allergic immune response. Then, we discuss the underlying mechanism of the impact of probiotic-derived polysaccharide capsules on DCs-mediated immune tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Kuang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Hamdy
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yuan X, Chen B, Duan Z, Xia Z, Ding Y, Chen T, Liu H, Wang B, Yang B, Wang X, Liu S, Zhou JY, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shen Z, Xiao J, Shang H, Liu W, Shi G, Zhu L, Chen Y. Depression and anxiety in patients with active ulcerative colitis: crosstalk of gut microbiota, metabolomics and proteomics. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1987779. [PMID: 34806521 PMCID: PMC8632339 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have a high prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Gut microbiota imbalance and disturbed metabolism have been suggested to play an important role in either UC or mental disorders. However, little is known about their detailed multi-omics characteristics in patients with UC and depression/anxiety. In this prospective observational study, 240 Chinese patients were enrolled, including 129 patients with active UC (69 in Phase 1 and 60 in Phase 2; divided into depression/non-depression or anxiety/non-anxiety groups), 49 patients with depression and anxiety (non-UC), and 62 healthy people. The gut microbiota of all subjects was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The serum metabolome and proteome of patients with UC in Phase 2 were analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Associations between multi-omics were evaluated by correlation analysis. The prophylactic effect of candidate metabolites on the depressive-like behavior of mice with colitis was investigated. In total, 58% of patients with active UC had depression, while 50% had anxiety. Compared to patients with UC without depression/anxiety, patients with UC and depression/anxiety had lower fecal microbial community richness and diversity, with more Lactobacillales, Sellimonas, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus but less Prevotella_9 and Lachnospira. Most metabolites (e.g., glycochenodeoxycholate) were increased in the serum, while few metabolites, including 2'-deoxy-D-ribose and L-pipecolic acid, were decreased, accompanied by a general reduction in immunoglobulin proteins. These related bacteria, metabolites, and proteins were highly connected. A prophylactic administration of 2'-deoxy-D-ribose and L-pipecolic acid significantly reduced the depressive-like behaviors in mice with colitis and alleviated the inflammatory cytokine levels in their colon, blood and brain. This study has identified a comprehensive multi-omics network related to depression and anxiety in active UC. It is composed of a certain set of gut microbiota, metabolites, and proteins, which are potential targets for clinical intervention for patients with UC and depression/anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yuan
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Biqing Chen
- Central Laboratory/Research Center of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Zhenglan Duan
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ziqian Xia
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huize Liu
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bolin Yang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Centre of Brain Disease, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- Central Laboratory/Research Center of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Zhaofeng Shen
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Hongtao Shang
- Medical Examination Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Medical Examination Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Guoping Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China,Guoping Shi Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.China,Lei Zhu Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yugen Chen
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China,CONTACT Yugen Chen Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu210029, P. R. China
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Elmansy EA, Elkady EM, Asker MS, Abdou AM, Abdallah NA, Amer SK. Exopolysaccharide produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RO30 isolated from Romi cheese: characterization, antioxidant and burn healing activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:245. [PMID: 36287274 PMCID: PMC9605930 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) extracted from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe. They have earned popularity in recent years because of their exceptional biological features. Therefore, the present study main focus was to study EPS-production from probiotic LAB and to investigate their antioxidant and burn wound healing efficacy. Seventeen LAB were isolated from different food samples. All of them showed EPS-producing abilities ranging from 1.75 ± 0.05 to 4.32 ± 0.12 g/l. RO30 isolate (from Romi cheese) was chosen, due to its ability to produce the highest EPS yield (4.23 ± 0.12 g/l). The 16S rDNA sequencing showed it belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group and was further identified as L. plantarum RO30 with accession number OL757866. It displayed well in vitro probiotic properties. REPS was extracted and characterized. The existence of COO−, OH and amide groups corresponding to typical EPSs was confirmed via FTIR. It was constituted of glucuronic acid, mannose, glucose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 2.2:0.1:0.5:0.1, respectively. The average molecular weight was 4.96 × 104 g/mol. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the REPS possesses a DPPH radical scavenging ability of 43.60% at 5 mg/ml, reducing power of 1.108 at 10 mg/ml, and iron chelation activity of 72.49% and 89.78% at 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The healing efficacy of REPS on burn wound models in albino Wistar rats showed that REPS at 0.5% (w/w) concentration stimulated the process of healing in burn areas. The results suggested that REPS might be useful as a burn wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Elmansy
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam M. Elkady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S. Asker
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Nagwa A. Abdallah
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa K. Amer
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Borkar SR, Bhosle SN. Partial characterization of viscous exopolymer produced by Alkalihalobacillus sp. strain SB-D (KJ372395) with emulsification and adhesive properties. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Engevik MA, Ruan W, Esparza M, Fultz R, Shi Z, Engevik KA, Engevik AC, Ihekweazu FD, Visuthranukul C, Venable S, Schady DA, Versalovic J. Immunomodulation of dendritic cells by Lactobacillus reuteri surface components and metabolites. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14719. [PMID: 33463911 PMCID: PMC7814497 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactic acid bacteria are commensal members of the gut microbiota and are postulated to promote host health. Secreted factors and cell surface components from Lactobacillus species have been shown to modulate the host immune system. However, the precise role of L. reuteri secreted factors and surface proteins in influencing dendritic cells (DCs) remains uncharacterized. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that L. reuteri secreted factors will promote DC maturation, skewing cells toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In acute colitis, we speculate that L. reuteri promotes IL-10 and dampens pro-inflammatory cytokine production, thereby improving colitis. METHODS & RESULTS Mouse bone marrow-derived DCs were differentiated into immature dendritic cells (iDCs) via IL-4 and GM-CSF stimulation. iDCs exposed to L. reuteri secreted factors or UV-irradiated bacteria exhibited greater expression of DC maturation markers CD83 and CD86 by flow cytometry. Additionally, L. reuteri stimulated DCs exhibited phenotypic maturation as denoted by cytokine production, including anti-inflammatory IL-10. Using mouse colonic organoids, we found that the microinjection of L. reuteri secreted metabolites and UV-irradiated bacteria was able to promote IL-10 production by DCs, indicating potential epithelial-immune cross-talk. In a TNBS-model of acute colitis, L. reuteri administration significantly improved histological scoring, colonic cytokine mRNA, serum cytokines, and bolstered IL-10 production. CONCLUSIONS Overall these data demonstrate that both L. reuteri secreted factors and its bacterial components are able to promote DC maturation. This work points to the specific role of L. reuteri in modulating intestinal DCs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lactobacillus reuteri colonizes the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and exerts beneficial effects on host health. However, the mechanisms behind these effects have not been fully explored. In this article, we identified that L. reuteri ATTC PTA 6475 metabolites and surface components promote dendritic cell maturation and IL-10 production. In acute colitis, we also demonstrate that L. reuteri can promote IL-10 and suppress inflammation. These findings may represent a crucial mechanism for maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Magdalena Esparza
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Fultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Faith D Ihekweazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chonnikant Visuthranukul
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Venable
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah A Schady
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Lactobacillus exopolysaccharides: New perspectives on engineering strategies, physiochemical functions, and immunomodulatory effects on host health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Ren Q, Tang Y, Zhang L, Xu Y, Liu N, Ren H. Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus casei Promotes the Differentiation of CD4 + T Cells into Th17 Cells in BALB/c Mouse Peyer's Patches in Vivo and in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2664-2672. [PMID: 32033515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of a few Lactobacillus exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been reported. However, whether Lactobacillus EPS can promote the differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4+T) cells into T-helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) in the Peyer's Patches (PPs) of mice has not been addressed. In this study, we found the molecular weight (Mw) of the purified EPS from L. casei ranged from 2.7 × 106 Da to 1.7 × 107 Da, and the average Mw was approximately 8.4 × 106 Da. In healthy BALB/c mice, EPS elevated the numbers of Th17 cells and levels of Th17-related cytokines. In vitro, EPS induced BMDCs to stimulate the differentiation of CD4+T cells of PPs into Th17 cells and the related cytokine secretions. Results suggest that L. casei EPS can effectively induce and promote the differentiation of CD4+T cells of PPs into Th17 cells in healthy mice and has the potential ability to improve intestinal mucosa immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - YanJun Tang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Haowei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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13
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Characterization and anti-tumor activity of exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus kefiri isolated from Chinese kefir grains. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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14
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Deo D, Davray D, Kulkarni R. A Diverse Repertoire of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Gene Clusters in Lactobacillus Revealed by Comparative Analysis in 106 Sequenced Genomes. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E444. [PMID: 31614693 PMCID: PMC6843789 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) is one of the unique features of Lactobacillus genus. EPS not only have many physiological roles such as in stress tolerance, quorum sensing and biofilm formation, but also have numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we identified and compared EPS biosynthesis gene clusters in 106 sequenced Lactobacillus genomes representing 27 species. Of the 146 identified clusters, only 41 showed the typical generic organization of genes as reported earlier. Hierarchical clustering showed highly varied nature of the clusters in terms of the gene composition; nonetheless, habitat-wise grouping was observed for the gene clusters from host-adapted and nomadic strains. Of the core genes required for EPS biosynthesis, epsA, B, C, D and E showed higher conservation, whereas gt, wzx and wzy showed high variability in terms of the number and composition of the protein families. Analysis of the distribution pattern of the protein families indicated a higher proportion of mutually exclusive families in clusters from host-adapted and nomadic strains, whereas those from the free-living group had very few unique families. Taken together, this analysis highlights high variability in the EPS gene clusters amongst Lactobacillus with some of their properties correlated to the habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Deo
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
| | - Dimple Davray
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
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15
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Xu Y, Cui Y, Yue F, Liu L, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria: Structures, physiochemical functions and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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C HC, T R K. Probiotic potency of Lactobacillus plantarum KX519413 and KX519414 isolated from honey bee gut. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4793248. [PMID: 29319821 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian honey bee Apis cerana indica, which harbors an abundant and diverse range of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in their gut with beneficial effects, was used as the source for the isolation of LAB. In the present study, two LAB isolates from honey bee gut were selected primarily based on their phenotypic and selective biochemical characterization, followed by PCR and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing as Lactobacillus plantarum and were registered in National Centre for Biotechnology Information under accession number KX519413 and KX519414. The probiotic potency of test strains indicated their survivability at acidic pH, bile salts and viability in simulated gastric juice enabling them to withstand gastrointestinal tract conditions. Evaluation of cell surface properties suggested that they possess an important defense mechanism against the pathogen since they are hydrophobic, auto-aggregative and have co-aggregative ability. Further, efficient exopolysaccharide production by them indicates not only their ability to enrich biofilm formation and auto-aggregation, but also enhances bacterial adhesion and colonization on the host intestinal tract. The present study concluded that L. plantarum from the gut of Apis cerana indica possesses probiotic potency, and potential candidates for use as food besides application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Chandran C
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Keerthi T R
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
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17
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Xu Y, Cui Y, Wang X, Yue F, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Yi Y, Lü X. Purification, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus plantarum KX041. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:480-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Nambiar RB, Sellamuthu PS, Perumal AB, Sadiku ER, Phiri G, Jayaramudu J. Characterization of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum HM47 isolated from human breast milk. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Noda M, Shiraga M, Kumagai T, Danshiitsoodol N, Sugiyama M. Characterization of the SN35N Strain-Specific Exopolysaccharide Encoded in the Whole Circular Genome of a Plant-Derived Lactobacillus plantarum. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:536-545. [PMID: 29607926 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum SN35N, which has been previously isolated from pear, secretes exopolysaccharide (EPS). The aim of the present study is to characterize the EPS chemically and to find the EPS-biosynthesizing gene cluster. The present study demonstrates that the strain produces an acidic EPS carrying phosphate residue, which is composed of glucose, galactose, and mannose at a molecular ratio of 15.0 : 5.7 : 1.0. We also show that acidic EPS strongly inhibits the catalytic activity of hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35), promoting an inflammatory reaction. In the present study, we also determined the complete genome sequence of the SN35N strain, demonstrating that the genome is a circular DNA with 3267626 bp, and the number of predicted coding genes is 3146, with a GC content of 44.51%. In addition, the strain harbors four plasmids, designated pSN35N-1, -2, -3, and -4. Although four EPS-biosynthesizing genes, designated lpe1, lpe2, lpe3, and lpe4, are present in the SN35N chromosomal DNA, another EPS gene cluster, lpe5, is located in the pSN35N-3 plasmid, composed of 35425 bp. EPS low-producing mutants, which were obtained by treating SN35N cells with novobiocin, lost the lpe5 gene cluster in the plasmid-curing experiment, suggesting that the gene cluster for the biosynthesis of acidic EPS is present in the plasmid. The present study shows the chemical characterization of the acidic EPS and its inhibitory effect to the hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masaya Shiraga
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Narandalai Danshiitsoodol
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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20
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Schiavi E, Plattner S, Rodriguez-Perez N, Barcik W, Frei R, Ferstl R, Kurnik-Lucka M, Groeger D, Grant R, Roper J, Altmann F, van Sinderen D, Akdis CA, O'Mahony L. Exopolysaccharide from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 35624™ modulates murine allergic airway responses. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:761-773. [PMID: 29726281 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the host and the microbiota are thought to significantly influence immunological tolerance mechanisms at mucosal sites. We recently described that the loss of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bifidobacterium longum 35624™ eliminated its protective effects in colitis and respiratory allergy murine models. Our goal was to investigate the immune response to purified EPS from B. longum 35624, determine if it has protective effects within the lung and identify the protective mechanisms. Isolated EPS from B. longum 35624 cultures was used for in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were used to investigate in vitro immunological responses to EPS. Cytokine secretion, expression of surface markers and signalling pathways were examined. The ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy murine model was used to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory potential of EPS. In addition, interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice and anti-Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 blocking antibody were used to examine the underlying protective mechanisms of intranasal EPS administration. Stimulation of human MDDCs with EPS resulted in IL-10 secretion, but not proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 secretion was TLR-2-dependent. Eosinophil recruitment to the lungs was significantly decreased by EPS intranasal exposure, which was associated with decreased expression of the Th2-associated markers C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), IL-4 and IL-13. TLR-2-mediated IL-10 secretion was shown to be required for the reduction in eosinophils and Th2 cytokines. EPS-treatment reduced eosinophil recruitment within the lung in a respiratory inflammation mouse model, which is both TLR-2 and IL-10 mediated. EPS can be considered as a novel molecule potentially reducing the severity of chronic eosinophil-related airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schiavi
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,2 Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - S Plattner
- 3 Alimentary Health, Building 4400, Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road Cork, Ireland
| | - N Rodriguez-Perez
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - W Barcik
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Frei
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,4 Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Ferstl
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,4 Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - M Kurnik-Lucka
- 5 Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. św. Anny 12, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Groeger
- 2 Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Grant
- 2 Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - J Roper
- 3 Alimentary Health, Building 4400, Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road Cork, Ireland
| | - F Altmann
- 6 BOKU, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - D van Sinderen
- 7 APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, 1234 AB Cork, Ireland
| | - C A Akdis
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,4 Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - L O'Mahony
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
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21
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Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum induce biochemical and physiological alterations in tomato plant against bacterial spot. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4741-4753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Arena MP, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. The potential of lactic acid bacteria to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and the investigation of their interactions and mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2641-2657. [PMID: 28213732 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria that comprise several species which have evolved in close association with humans (food and lifestyle). While their use to ferment food dates back to very ancient times, in the last decades, LAB have attracted much attention for their documented beneficial properties and for potential biomedical applications. Some LAB are commensal that colonize, stably or transiently, host mucosal surfaces, inlcuding the gut, where they may contribute to host health. In this review, we present and discuss the main factors enabling LAB adaptation to such lifestyle, including the gene reprogramming accompanying gut colonization, the specific bacterial components involved in adhesion and interaction with host, and how the gut niche has shaped the genome of intestine-adapted species. Moreover, the capacity of LAB to colonize abiotic surfaces by forming structured communities, i.e., biofilms, is briefly discussed, taking into account the main bacterial and environmental factors involved, particularly in relation to food-related environments. The vast spread of LAB surface-associated communities and the ability to control their occurrence hold great potentials for human health and food safety biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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23
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Panthavee W, Noda M, Danshiitsoodol N, Kumagai T, Sugiyama M. Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Thermophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Tropical Fruits of Thailand. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:621-629. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanchai Panthavee
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Narandalai Danshiitsoodol
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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24
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Hirano S, Yokota Y, Eda M, Kuda T, Shikano A, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Tennozu-SU2 on Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Human Enterocyte-Like HT-29-Luc Cells and BALB/c Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 9:64-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Ren C, Zhang Q, de Haan BJ, Zhang H, Faas MM, de Vos P. Identification of TLR2/TLR6 signalling lactic acid bacteria for supporting immune regulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34561. [PMID: 27708357 PMCID: PMC5052581 DOI: 10.1038/srep34561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) influence the consumer’s immune status it is not completely understood how this is established. Bacteria-host interactions between bacterial cell-wall components and toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been suggested to play an essential role. Here we investigated the interaction between LABs with reported health effects and TLRs. By using cell-lines expressing single or combination of TLRs, we show that LABs can signal via TLR-dependent and independent pathways. The strains only stimulated and did not inhibit TLRs. We found that several strains such as L. plantarum CCFM634, L. plantarum CCFM734, L. fermentum CCFM381, L. acidophilus CCFM137, and S. thermophilus CCFM218 stimulated TLR2/TLR6. TLR2/TLR6 is essential in immune regulatory processes and of interest for prevention of diseases. Specificity of the TLR2/TLR6 stimulation was confirmed with blocking antibodies. Immunomodulatory properties of LABs were also studied by assessing IL-10 and IL-6 secretion patterns in bacteria-stimulated THP1-derived macrophages, which confirmed species and strain specific effects of the LABs. With this study we provide novel insight in LAB specific host-microbe interactions. Our data demonstrates that interactions between pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs is species and strain specific and underpins the importance of selecting specific strains for promoting specific health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Ren
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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