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Helwig J, Diels J, Röll M, Mahler H, Gollhofer A, Roecker K, Willwacher S. Relationships between External, Wearable Sensor-Based, and Internal Parameters: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23020827. [PMID: 36679623 PMCID: PMC9864675 DOI: 10.3390/s23020827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used to record training and match play of intermittent team sport athletes. Paired with estimates of internal responses or adaptations to exercise, practitioners gain insight into players' dose-response relationship which facilitates the prescription of the training stimuli to optimize performance, prevent injuries, and to guide rehabilitation processes. A systematic review on the relationship between external, wearable-based, and internal parameters in team sport athletes, compliant with the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. The literature research was performed from earliest record to 1 September 2020 using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SportDISCUS. A total of 66 full-text articles were reviewed encompassing 1541 athletes. About 109 different relationships between variables have been reviewed. The most investigated relationship across sports was found between (session) rating of perceived exertion ((session-)RPE) and PlayerLoad™ (PL) with, predominantly, moderate to strong associations (r = 0.49-0.84). Relationships between internal parameters and highly dynamic, anaerobic movements were heterogenous. Relationships between average heart rate (HR), Edward's and Banister's training impulse (TRIMP) seem to be reflected in parameters of overall activity such as PL and TD for running-intensive team sports. PL may further be suitable to estimate the overall subjective perception. To identify high fine-structured loading-relative to a certain type of sport-more specific measures and devices are needed. Individualization of parameters could be helpful to enhance practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Helwig
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University, Max-Planck Straße 1, 77656 Offenburg, Germany
| | - Janik Diels
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Röll
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Mahler
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
- Sport-Club Freiburg e.V., Achim-Stocker-Str. 1, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Roecker
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Applied Health Promotion and Exercise Medicine, Furtwangen University, 78120 Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University, Max-Planck Straße 1, 77656 Offenburg, Germany
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Sun R, Zhang Z. PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION OF ANKLE SPRAIN IN SOCCER TRAINING. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction In soccer training, many impacts in running and defense make ankle sprain a very common sports injury; therefore, prevention and rehabilitation management of ankle sprain is particularly important. Objective Explore the strategy of preventing and rehabilitating ankle sprain in soccer training. Methods 10 athletes with ankle sprain were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control group. Both groups received rehabilitation training, the control group received only manual therapy, and the experimental group received active and passive rehabilitation management. The indices relevant to ankle rehabilitation were analyzed daily: active extension and flexion angle, in addition to the degree of joint edema. Results By the third day, the experimental group’s recovery rate was significantly higher. By the end of the seventh day, the active plantar flexion angle in the control group was 28.0133, while in the experimental group, it was 32.0512. As for the degree of joint swelling on day 5, the experimental group was 2.2059 and 1.0057 in the control group. The control group only achieved this level of recovery in the experimental group on the seventh day. Conclusion Using comparative analysis, the rehabilitation strategy associated with the active and passive techniques proposed in this article showed a better performance than the traditional protocol. Studies are suggested popularizing rehabilitation combined with active training with passive traction. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Wang B, Zhang Y. APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING IN SOCCER FITNESS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Although Chinese soccer has experienced many updates in its methods, there is still a large gap in players’ physical endurance compared to the world powers. Therefore, strengthening soccer players’ physical endurance through specific training methods is important in optimizing current performance. Objective Study the application of functional training in soccer players’ physical conditioning. Methods 20 junior soccer physical education student-athletes in colleges and universities were selected as the research object. The global functional training was divided into three stages: practice, adaptation, and promotion. Data were compared, integrated, and analyzed before and after the intervention. Results Conducting targeted functional training for soccer players can effectively increase athletes’ physical endurance, reducing sports injuries and improving overall fitness scores at the technical and stability level. Conclusion From the research of this article, it can be seen that there is a lack of physical fitness and technical strength in Chinese soccer today. The performance of targeted functional training is relevant and should be applied to soccer training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Zhang L. ANALYSIS OF ATHLETES’ RUNNING ABILITY DATA MINING ALGORITHM BASED ON THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127022021_0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In 2008, our country successfully held the Olympic Games, where China won the most gold medals. After these Olympic Games, China has also become a world sports power. Our country’s table tennis, diving, skating and other sports are also in the leading ranks in the world. In this study, according to the current training status of Chinese football players, we used data mining algorithm to analyze the unawareness of acceleration and speed of Chinese athletes in the running process. In this study, these indicators were quantified and analyzed, which has successfully promoted the training level of Chinese football players.
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A Comparison of PlayerLoad TM and Heart Rate during Backwards and Forwards Locomotion during Intermittent Exercise in Rugby League Players. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9020021. [PMID: 33503817 PMCID: PMC7912321 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited research has examined the demands of backward locomotion at various speeds using common load monitoring metrics in team sport athletes. Consequently, this study compared the external and internal loads between backward and forward locomotion during intermittent exercise in team sport athletes. Semi-professional, male rugby league players (n = 29) completed the same exercise protocol on two occasions in backward and forward directions. On each occasion, participants performed separate 20 m trials at self-selected walking, jogging, running, and sprinting speeds and then completed a 15 min modified Loughborough intermittent shuttle test (mLIST). Common external and internal load metrics were gathered across testing. Faster speeds (p < 0.001) were attained at all speeds during forward locomotion in the 20 m trials. Non-significant differences in accumulated PlayerLoadTM were found between directions across the mLIST; however, higher relative (per min) PlayerLoadTM (p < 0.001) was apparent during backward locomotion when walking and during forward locomotion when sprinting during the mLIST. RPE and mean heart rate were higher (p < 0.001) during backward locomotion across the mLIST. These data highlight the unique loading patterns experienced during backward locomotion and suggest practitioners should consider the discernment in loading imposed between backward and forward locomotion when measuring athlete demands using common metrics.
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Griffin SA, Panagodage Perera NK, Murray A, Hartley C, Fawkner SG, P T Kemp S, Stokes KA, Kelly P. The relationships between rugby union, and health and well-being: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:319-326. [PMID: 33115706 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To scope the relationships between rugby union, and health and well-being. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Published and unpublished reports of any age, identified by searching electronic databases, platforms and reference lists. METHODS A three-step search strategy identified relevant published primary, secondary studies and grey literature, which were screened using a priori inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a standardised tool, to form (1) a numerical analysis and (2) a thematic summary. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6658 records were identified, and 198 studies met the inclusion criteria. All forms of rugby union can provide health-enhancing physical activity (PA). 'Non-contact' and wheelchair rugby in particular provide a wide range of physical and mental health and well-being benefits. The evidence is either mixed or unclear in relation to 'contact' rugby union and its effects on a range of physical health domains. Injury and concussion incidence rates are high for contact rugby union relative to other sports. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of stakeholders as well as existing and potential participants can use this information to make a more informed decision about participating in and promoting rugby union as a health-enhancing activity. Industry and policy-makers can use this review to inform policies and strategies that look to increase participation rates and use rugby union as a vehicle to contribute positively to population health. Further research understanding rugby union's contribution to PA as well as to muscle-strengthening and balance is indicated, as well as research examining more health and well-being outcomes across more diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffan A Griffin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK .,Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, London, UK
| | - Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage Perera
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.,Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew Murray
- Centre for Sport and Exercise, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Rugby Union, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Samantha G Fawkner
- The Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P T Kemp
- Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, London, UK.,Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, London, UK.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Schmitz B, Pfeifer C, Kreitz K, Borowski M, Faldum A, Brand SM. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results. Front Physiol 2018; 9:870. [PMID: 30026706 PMCID: PMC6041409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although Yo-Yo intermittent tests are frequently used in a variety of sports and research studies to determine physical fitness, no structured reference exists for comparison and rating of test results. This systematic review of the most common Yo-Yo tests aimed to provide reference values for test results by statistical aggregation of published data. Methods: A systematic literature search for articles published until August 2017 was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar. Original reports on healthy females and males ≥16 years were eligible for the analysis. Sub-maximal test versions and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Children's test (YYIR1C) were not included. Results: 248 studies with 9,440 participants were included in the structured analysis. The Yo-Yo test types most frequently used were the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (YYIR1, 57.7%), the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 2 (YYIR2, 28.0%), the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 (YYIE2, 11.4%), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 1 (YYIE1, 2.9%) test. For each separate test, reference values (global means and percentiles) for sports at different levels and both genders were calculated. Conclusions: Our analysis provides evidence that Yo-Yo intermittent tests reference values differ with respect to the type and level of sport performed.The presented results may be used by practitioners, trainers and athletes to rate Yo-Yo intermittent test performance levels and monitor training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carina Pfeifer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kiana Kreitz
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Matthias Borowski
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faldum
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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