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Lee YB, Park Y, Hamza A, Min JK, Dogsom O, Kim SC, Park JB. Function of a complex of p-Y42 RhoA GTPase and pyruvate kinase M2 in EGF signaling pathway in glioma cells. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39183510 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to be a critical stimulant for inducing the proliferation of glioma cancer cells. In our study, we observed that GST-RhoA binds to pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in vitro. While EGF reduced the levels of RhoA protein, it significantly increased p-Y42 RhoA, as well as PKM1 and PKM2 in LN18 glioma cell line. We determined that RhoA undergoes degradation through ubiquitination involving SCF1 and Smurf1. Interestingly, we observed that p-Y42 RhoA binds to PKM2, while the dephosphomimetic form, RhoA Y42F, did not. Additionally, our observation revealed that PKM2 stabilized both RhoA and p-Y42 RhoA. Importantly, RhoA, p-Y42 RhoA, and PKM2, but not RhoA-GTP, were localized in the nucleus upon EGF stimulation. Knockdown of RhoA with siRNA resulted in the reduced levels of phosphoglycerate kinase1 (PGK1) and microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK). Furthermore, we found that the promoter of PGK1 was associated with β-catenin and YAP. Notably, p-Y42 RhoA and PKM2 co-immunoprecipitated with β-catenin and YAP. Based on these findings, we proposed a novel mechanism by which p-Y42 RhoA and PKM2, in conjunction with β-catenin and YAP, regulate PGK1 expression, contributing to the progression of glioma upon EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Oyungerel Dogsom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, School of bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- ELMED Co. Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Hu S, Meng K, Wang T, Qu R, Wang B, Xi Y, Yu T, Yuan Z, Cai Z, Tian Y, Zeng C, Wang X, Zou W, Fu X, Li L. Lung cancer cell-intrinsic IL-15 promotes cell migration and sensitizes murine lung tumors to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Biomark Res 2024; 12:40. [PMID: 38637902 PMCID: PMC11027539 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-15 plays a vital role in enhancing NK cell- and T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses; however, the direct effect of IL-15 on tumor cells has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of IL-15 on lung adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS Silencing and overexpression techniques were used to modify endogenous IL-15 expression in tumor cells. Transwell assays were used to assess tumor cell migration and invasion; a live-cell analysis system was used to evaluate cell motility; cellular morphological changes were quantified by confocal fluorescence microscopy; the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-15 on tumor cells were analyzed by western blotting; and RhoA and Cdc42 activities were evaluated by a pulldown assay. NCG and C57BL/6 mouse models were used to evaluate the functions of IL-15 in vivo. RESULTS Cancer cell-intrinsic IL-15 promoted cell motility and migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo via activation of the AKT-mTORC1 pathway; however, exogenous IL-15 inhibited cell motility and migration via suppression of the RhoA-MLC2 axis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that both the intracellular and extracellular IL-15-mediated effects required the expression of IL-15Rα by tumor cells. Detailed analyses revealed that the IL-2/IL-15Rβ and IL-2Rγ chains were undetected in the complex formed by intracellular IL-15 and IL-15Rα. However, when exogenous IL-15 engaged tumor cells, a complex containing the IL-15Rα, IL-2/IL-15Rβ, and IL-2Rγ chains was formed, indicating that the differential actions of intracellular and extracellular IL-15 on tumor cells might be caused by their distinctive modes of IL-15 receptor engagement. Using a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastasis model, we showed that although IL-15 overexpression facilitated the lung metastasis of LLC cells, IL-15-overexpressing LLC tumors were more sensitive to anti-PD-L1 therapy than were IL-15-wild-type LLC tumors via an enhanced antitumor immune response, as evidenced by their increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration compared to that of their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Cancer cell-intrinsic IL-15 and exogenous IL-15 differentially regulate cell motility and migration. Thus, cancer cell-intrinsic IL-15 acts as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. Additionally, high levels of IL-15 expressed by tumor cells might improve the responsiveness of tumors to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Hu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kelin Meng
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianlai Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rirong Qu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Taiyan Yu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwei Yuan
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihao Cai
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yitao Tian
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenxi Zeng
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Zou
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lequn Li
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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González YR, Kamkar F, Jafar-Nejad P, Wang S, Qu D, Alvarez LS, Hawari D, Sonnenfeld M, Slack RS, Albert PR, Park DS, Joselin A. PFTK1 kinase regulates axogenesis during development via RhoA activation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37907898 PMCID: PMC10617079 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PFTK1/Eip63E is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) family and plays an important role in normal cell cycle progression. Eip63E expresses primarily in postnatal and adult nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster but its role in CNS development remains unknown. We sought to understand the function of Eip63E in the CNS by studying the fly ventral nerve cord during development. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that Eip63E regulates axogenesis in neurons and its deficiency leads to neuronal defects. Functional interaction studies performed using the same system identify an interaction between Eip63E and the small GTPase Rho1. Furthermore, deficiency of Eip63E homolog in mice, PFTK1, in a newly generated PFTK1 knockout mice results in increased axonal outgrowth confirming that the developmental defects observed in the fly model are due to defects in axogenesis. Importantly, RhoA phosphorylation and activity are affected by PFTK1 in primary neuronal cultures. We report that GDP-bound inactive RhoA is a substrate of PFTK1 and PFTK1 phosphorylation is required for RhoA activity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our work establishes an unreported neuronal role of PFTK1 in axon development mediated by phosphorylation and activation of GDP-bound RhoA. The results presented add to our understanding of the role of Cdks in the maintenance of RhoA-mediated axon growth and its impact on CNS development and axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Kamkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Paymaan Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Present Address: Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Suzi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dianbo Qu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Leticia Sanchez Alvarez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dina Hawari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Margaret Sonnenfeld
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David S Park
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Alvin Joselin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Forrest MP, Penzes P. Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102750. [PMID: 37515924 PMCID: PMC10529795 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gene interactions occurring within CNVs and discuss different approaches used to study rodent and stem cell disease models. We highlight recent work showing that genetic and pharmacological strategies can be used to rescue important aspects of CNV-mediated pathophysiology, which often converges onto synaptic pathways. We propose that using a rescue approach in complete CNV models provides a new path forward for precise mechanistic understanding of complex disorders and a tangible route towards therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Forrest
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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5
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Schoen LF, Craveiro RB, Pietsch T, Moritz T, Troeger A, Jordans S, Dilloo D. The
PI3K
inhibitor pictilisib and the multikinase inhibitors pazopanib and sorafenib have an impact on Rac1 level and migration of medulloblastoma in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5832-5845. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie F. Schoen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Anja Troeger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Silvia Jordans
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Dagmar Dilloo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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Li H, Henty-Ridilla JL, Bernstein AM, Ganapathy PS, Herberg S. TGFβ2 Regulates Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Contractility via ERK and ROCK Pathways with Distinct Signaling Crosstalk Dependent on the Culture Substrate. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1165-1178. [PMID: 35481448 PMCID: PMC9782738 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2071943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) is a major contributor to the pathologic changes occurring in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). TGFβ2 activates extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathways, both affecting HTM cell behavior. However, exactly how these signaling pathways converge to regulate HTM cell contractility is unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying TGFβ2-induced pathologic HTM cell contractility, and the crosstalk between ERK and ROCK signaling pathways with different culture substrates. METHODS Hydrogels were engineered by mixing collagen type I, elastin-like polypeptide, and hyaluronic acid, each containing photoactive functional groups, followed by UV crosslinking. Primary HTM cells were seeded atop pre-formed hydrogels for comparisons with glass, or encapsulated within the hydrogels. Changes in actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, phospho-myosin light chain (p-MLC) levels, and hydrogel contraction were assessed. RESULTS HTM cell morphology and filamentous (F)-actin organization were affected by the underlying culture substrates. TGFβ2 increased HTM cell contractility via ERK and ROCK signaling pathways by differentially regulating F-actin, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin (FN), and p-MLC in HTM cells. ERK inhibition, even as short as 4 h, further increased TGFβ2-induced p-MLC in HTM cells on hydrogels, but not on glass. This translated into hypercontractility of HTM cell-laden hydrogels. ROCK inhibition had precisely the opposite effects and potently relaxed the TGFβ2-induced hydrogels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ERK signaling negatively regulates ROCK-mediated HTM cell contractility. These findings emphasize the critical importance of using tissue-mimetic ECM substrates for investigating HTM cell physiology and glaucomatous pathophysiology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Audrey M. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA,Syracuse VA Medical Center, New York VA Health Care, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Preethi S. Ganapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA,Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Samuel Herberg, PhD, Assistant Professor; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Neuroscience Research Building Room 4609, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA,
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7
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RhoA Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091520. [PMID: 35563826 PMCID: PMC9103838 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase of the Rho family involved in regulating multiple signal transduction pathways that influence a diverse range of cellular functions. RhoA and many of its downstream effector proteins are highly expressed in the nervous system, implying an important role for RhoA signaling in neurons and glial cells. Indeed, emerging evidence points toward a role of aberrant RhoA signaling in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoA regulation and downstream cellular functions with an emphasis on the role of RhoA signaling in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic potential of RhoA inhibition in neurodegeneration.
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Fryklund C, Morén B, Neuhaus M, Periwal V, Stenkula KG. Rosiglitazone treatment enhances intracellular actin dynamics and glucose transport in hypertrophic adipocytes. Life Sci 2022; 299:120537. [PMID: 35398016 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To accommodate surplus energy, adipose tissue expands by increasing both adipose cell size (hypertrophy) and cell number (hyperplasia). Enlarged, hypertrophic adipocytes are known to have reduced insulin response and impaired glucose transport, which negatively influence whole-body glucose homeostasis. Rosiglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, known to stimulate hyperplasia and to efficiently improve insulin sensitivity. Still, a limited amount of research has investigated the effects of rosiglitazone in mature, hypertrophic adipocytes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine rosiglitazone's effect on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in hypertrophic adipocytes. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to 2 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) followed by 1 week of HFD combined with daily administration of rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg). Adipose cell-size distribution and gene expression were analysed in intact adipose tissue, and glucose uptake, insulin response, and protein expression were examined using primary adipocytes isolated from epididymal and inguinal adipose tissue. KEY FINDINGS HFD-feeding induced an accumulation of hypertrophic adipocytes, which was not affected by rosiglitazone-treatment. Still, rosiglitazone efficiently improved insulin-stimulated glucose transport without restoring insulin signaling or GLUT4 expression in similar-sized adipocytes. This improvement occurred concurrently with extracellular matrix remodelling and restored intracellular levels of targets involved in actin turnover. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that rosiglitazone improves glucose transport in hypertrophic adipocytes, and highlights the importance of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Fryklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Vipul Periwal
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
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Weiß L, Gaelings L, Reiner T, Mergner J, Kuster B, Fehér A, Hensel G, Gahrtz M, Kumlehn J, Engelhardt S, Hückelhoven R. Posttranslational modification of the RHO of plants protein RACB by phosphorylation and cross-kingdom conserved ubiquitination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258924. [PMID: 35333858 PMCID: PMC8956194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RHO-type G-proteins act as signaling hubs and master regulators of polarity in eukaryotic cells. Their activity is tightly controlled, as defective RHO signaling leads to aberrant growth and developmental defects. Two major processes regulate G-protein activity: canonical shuttling between different nucleotide bound states and posttranslational modification (PTM), of which the latter can support or suppress RHO signaling, depending on the individual PTM. In plants, regulation of Rho of plants (ROPs) signaling activity has been shown to act through nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, as well as through lipid modification, but there is little data available on phosphorylation or ubiquitination of ROPs. Hence, we applied proteomic analyses to identify PTMs of the barley ROP RACB. We observed in vitro phosphorylation by barley ROP binding kinase 1 and in vivo ubiquitination of RACB. Comparative analyses of the newly identified RACB phosphosites and human RHO protein phosphosites revealed conservation of modified amino acid residues, but no overlap of actual phosphorylation patterns. However, the identified RACB ubiquitination site is conserved in all ROPs from Hordeum vulgare, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and in mammalian Rac1 and Rac3. Point mutation of this ubiquitination site leads to stabilization of RACB. Hence, this highly conserved lysine residue may regulate protein stability across different kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Weiß
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Tina Reiner
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), TUM, Freising, Germany
| | - Attila Fehér
- Chair of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, and Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Götz Hensel
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manfred Gahrtz
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
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10
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Somatostatin Primes Endothelial Cells for Agonist-Induced Hyperpermeability and Angiogenesis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063098. [PMID: 35328517 PMCID: PMC8949535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is an inhibitory peptide, which regulates the release of several hormones, and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via its five Gi protein-coupled receptors (SST1-5). Although its endocrine regulatory and anti-tumour effects have been thoroughly studied, little is known about its effect on the vascular system. The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects and potential mechanisms of somatostatin on endothelial barrier function. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) express mainly SST1 and SST5 receptors. Somatostatin did not affect the basal HUVEC permeability, but primed HUVEC monolayers for thrombin-induced hyperpermeability. Western blot data demonstrated that somatostatin activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by phosphorylation. The HUVEC barrier destabilizing effects were abrogated by pre-treating HUVECs with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), but not the Akt inhibitor. Moreover, somatostatin pre-treatment amplified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis (3D spheroid formation) in HUVECs. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that HUVECs under quiescence conditions express SST1 and SST5 receptors. Moreover, somatostatin primes HUVECs for thrombin-induced hyperpermeability mainly via the activation of MEK/ERK signalling and promotes HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro.
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Zhang YW, Torsilieri HM, Casanova JE. Quantitation of RhoA activation: differential binding to downstream effectors. Small GTPases 2022; 13:296-306. [PMID: 35950594 PMCID: PMC9377269 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2022.2111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoA controls many important cellular processes through its ability to activate multiple downstream effector pathways. Most RhoA effectors contain a Rho-binding domain (RBD), and interaction between active RhoA and the RBD typically induces a conformational change in effectors that stimulates their recruitment or activity. Isolated GTPase binding domains fused to GST have been widely used in so-called pulldown assays to measure the activation state of other GTPases in cell lysates. Similarly, GST fusions containing the RBD of the RhoA effector Rhotekin have been widely adopted as a standardized tool for the measurement of RhoA activation. RBDs have also been used to generate fluorescent reporter constructs to localize sites of GTPase activation in intact cells. In this report, we demonstrate that not all forms of active RhoA are capable of interacting with the Rhotekin RBD. A constitutively active RhoA-G14V mutant, which interacted with the RBDs of ROCK2 and mDIA1, was unable to bind the Rhotekin RBD as evidenced by both conventional GST pulldown assay and our newly established BRET assay. Furthermore, active RhoA induced by different stimuli in cells also displayed binding preference for its diverse effectors. Our data demonstrate that RhoA may undergo effector-specific activation for differential regulation of its downstream pathways, and that RhoA activation should not be defined solely by its interaction with Rhotekin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908USA
| | - Holly M. Torsilieri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908, USA
| | - James E. Casanova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908, USA
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12
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Barvitenko N, Aslam M, Lawen A, Saldanha C, Skverchinskaya E, Uras G, Manca A, Pantaleo A. Two Motors and One Spring: Hypothetic Roles of Non-Muscle Myosin II and Submembrane Actin-Based Cytoskeleton in Cell Volume Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7967. [PMID: 34360739 PMCID: PMC8347689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plasma membrane curvature and intracellular ionic strength are two key features of cell volume perturbations. In this hypothesis we present a model of the responsible molecular apparatus which is assembled of two molecular motors [non-muscle myosin II (NMMII) and protrusive actin polymerization], a spring [a complex between the plasma membrane (PM) and the submembrane actin-based cytoskeleton (smACSK) which behaves like a viscoelastic solid] and the associated signaling proteins. We hypothesize that this apparatus senses changes in both the plasma membrane curvature and the ionic strength and in turn activates signaling pathways responsible for regulatory volume increase (RVI) and regulatory volume decrease (RVD). During cell volume changes hydrostatic pressure (HP) changes drive alterations in the cell membrane curvature. HP difference has opposite directions in swelling versus shrinkage, thus allowing distinction between them. By analogy with actomyosin contractility that appears to sense stiffness of the extracellular matrix we propose that NMMII and actin polymerization can actively probe the transmembrane gradient in HP. Furthermore, NMMII and protein-protein interactions in the actin cortex are sensitive to ionic strength. Emerging data on direct binding to and regulating activities of transmembrane mechanosensors by NMMII and actin cortex provide routes for signal transduction from transmembrane mechanosensors to cell volume regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Experimental Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Carlota Saldanha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | | | - Giuseppe Uras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Alessia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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13
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Llorente-González C, González-Rodríguez M, Vicente-Manzanares M. Targeting cytoskeletal phosphorylation in cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:292-308. [PMID: 36046434 PMCID: PMC9400739 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins regulates the dynamics of polymerization, stability, and disassembly of the different types of cytoskeletal polymers. These control the ability of cells to migrate and divide. Mutations and alterations of the expression levels of multiple protein kinases are hallmarks of most forms of cancer. Thus, altered phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins is observed in most cancer cells. These alterations potentially control the ability of cancer cells to divide, invade and form distal metastasis. This review highlights the emergent role of phosphorylation in the control of the function of the different cytoskeletal polymers in cancer cells. It also addresses the potential effect of targeted inhibitors in the normalization of cytoskeletal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Llorente-González
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta González-Rodríguez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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14
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H 2S protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by promoting RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:132. [PMID: 34088899 PMCID: PMC8178328 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of RhoA-ROCK pathway is involved in the H2S-induced cerebral vasodilatation and H2S-mediated protection on endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury. However, the inhibitory mechanism of H2S on RhoA-ROCK pathway is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the target and mechanism of H2S in inhibition of RhoA/ROCK. GST-RhoAwild and GST-RhoAS188A proteins were constructed and expressed, and were used for phosphorylation assay in vitro. Recombinant RhoAwild-pEGFP-N1 and RhoAS188A-pEGFP-N1 plasmids were constructed and transfected into primary hippocampal nerve cells (HNCs) to evaluate the neuroprotective mechanism of endothelial H2S by using transwell co-culture system with endothelial cells from cystathionine-γ-lyase knockout (CSE-/-) mice and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase knockout (3-MST-/-) rats, respectively. We found that NaHS, exogenous H2S donor, promoted RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188 in the presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1) in vitro. Besides, both exogenous and endothelial H2S facilitated the RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188 in HNCs, which induced the reduction of RhoA activity and membrane transposition, as well as ROCK2 activity and expression. To further investigate the role of endothelial H2S on RhoA phosphorylation, we detected H2S release from ECs of CSE+/+ and CSE-/- mice, and 3-MST+/+ and 3-MST-/- rats, respectively, and found that H2S produced by ECs in the culture medium is mainly catalyzed by CSE synthase. Moreover, we revealed that both endothelial H2S, mainly catalyzed by CSE, and exogenous H2S protected the HNCs against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via phosphorylating RhoA at Ser188.
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15
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Soriano O, Alcón-Pérez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Castellano E. The Crossroads between RAS and RHO Signaling Pathways in Cellular Transformation, Motility and Contraction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060819. [PMID: 34071831 PMCID: PMC8229961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras and Rho proteins are GTP-regulated molecular switches that control multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells. Ras was among the first identified oncogenes, and it appears mutated in many forms of human cancer. It mainly promotes proliferation and survival through the MAPK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathways, respectively. However, the myriad proteins close to the plasma membrane that activate or inhibit Ras make it a major regulator of many apparently unrelated pathways. On the other hand, Rho is weakly oncogenic by itself, but it critically regulates microfilament dynamics; that is, actin polymerization, disassembly and contraction. Polymerization is driven mainly by the Arp2/3 complex and formins, whereas contraction depends on myosin mini-filament assembly and activity. These two pathways intersect at numerous points: from Ras-dependent triggering of Rho activators, some of which act through PI3K, to mechanical feedback driven by actomyosin action. Here, we describe the main points of connection between the Ras and Rho pathways as they coordinately drive oncogenic transformation. We emphasize the biochemical crosstalk that drives actomyosin contraction driven by Ras in a Rho-dependent manner. We also describe possible routes of mechanical feedback through which myosin II activation may control Ras/Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Soriano
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marta Alcón-Pérez
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
| | - Esther Castellano
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
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16
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Yano K, Kimura M, Watanabe Y, Ogihara T. Rapid Increase of Gastrointestinal P-Glycoprotein Functional Activity in Response to Etoposide Stimulation. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:701-706. [PMID: 33952826 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that exposure of human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells to the bitter substance phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) rapidly enhanced the transport function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of etoposide, another bitter-tasting P-gp substrate, on P-gp transport function in the same cell line. We found that etoposide exposure significantly increased both the P-gp protein level in the plasma membrane fraction and the efflux rate of rhodamine123 (Rho123) in Caco-2 cells within 10 min. The efflux ratio (ratio of the apparent permeability coefficient in the basal-to-apical direction to that in the apical-to-basal direction) of Rho123 in etoposide-treated cells was also significantly increased compared with the control. These results indicated that etoposide rapidly enhances P-gp function in Caco-2 cells. In contrast, P-gp expression in whole cells at both the mRNA and protein level was unchanged by etoposide exposure, compared with the levels in non-treated cells. Furthermore, etoposide increased the level of phosphorylated ezrin, radixin and moesin (P-ERM) proteins in the plasma membrane fraction of Caco-2 cells within 10 min. P-gp functional changes were blocked by YM022, an inhibitor of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor. These results suggest that etoposide induces release of CCK, causing activation of the CCK receptor followed by phosphorylation of ERM proteins, which recruit intracellular P-gp for trafficking to the gastrointestinal membrane, thereby increasing the functional activity of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Yokohama University of Pharmacy.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yayoi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
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17
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Cordeiro Mitchell CN, Islam MS, Afrin S, Brennan J, Psoter KJ, Segars JH. Mechanical stiffness augments ligand-dependent progesterone receptor B activation via MEK 1/2 and Rho/ROCK-dependent signaling pathways in uterine fibroid cells. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:255-265. [PMID: 33676751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether mechanical substrate stiffness would influence progesterone receptor B (PRB) signaling in fibroid cells. Uterine fibroids feature an excessive extracellular matrix, increased stiffness, and altered mechanical signaling. Fibroid growth is stimulated by progestins and opposed by anti-progestins, but a functional interaction between progesterone action and mechanical signaling has not been evaluated. DESIGN Laboratory studies. SETTING Translational science laboratory. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S) Human fibroid cell lines and patient-matched fibroid and myometrial cell lines. INTERVENTION(S) Progesterone receptor B-dependent reporter assays and messenger RNA quantitation in cells cultured on stiff polystyrene plates (3GPa) or soft silicone plates (930KPa). Pharmacologic inhibitors of extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK) kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2; PD98059), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (SB202190), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; nintedanib), RhoA (A13), and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK; Y27632). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Progesterone-responsive reporter activation. RESULT(S) Fibroid cells exhibited higher PRB-dependent reporter activity with progesterone (P4) in cells cultured on stiff vs. soft plates. Mechanically induced PRB activation with P4 was decreased 62% by PD98059, 78% by nintedanib, 38% by A13, and 50% by Y27632. Overexpression of the Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF), AKAP13, significantly increased PRB-dependent reporter activity. Collagen 1 messenger RNA levels were higher in fibroid cells grown on stiff vs. soft plates with P4. CONCLUSION(S) Cells cultured on mechanically stiff substrates had enhanced PRB activation via a mechanism that required MEK 1/2 and AKAP13/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways. These studies provide a framework to explore the mechanisms by which mechanical stiffness affects progesterone receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Cordeiro Mitchell
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua Brennan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kevin J Psoter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James H Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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18
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Shen ZJ, Hu J, O’Neal MA, Malter JS. Pin1 Regulates IL-5 Induced Eosinophil Polarization and Migration. Cells 2021; 10:211. [PMID: 33494375 PMCID: PMC7910834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils become polarized in response to cytokines such IL-5 or eotaxin prior to directional migration. Polarization is preceded by F-actin assembly, but the mechanisms that regulate these events and how the shape change influences cell migration from the peripheral blood into the lung remain unclear. In this study, we show that the prolyl isomerase, Pin1, is required for IL-5-induced Eos polarization and migration. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Pin1 directly interacts with members of Rho GTPase family. Mouse eosinophils lacking Pin1 or human cells treated with Pin1 inhibitors showed significantly reduced IL-5-induced GTPase activity and cofilin phosphorylation, resulting in reduced F-actin polymerization, cell polarization, and directional migration to chemokines. Our result suggests that Pin1 regulates cytoskeletal re-organization, eosinophil morphology, and cell migration through the modulation of Rho GTPase activity. Targeting Pin1 along with GTPases could provide a new approach to reduce pulmonary Eos accumulation during asthmatic exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.H.); (M.A.O.)
| | | | | | - James S. Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.H.); (M.A.O.)
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19
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Abdrabou A, Wang Z. Regulation of the nuclear speckle localization and function of Rac1. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21235. [PMID: 33417283 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001694r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant evidence that Rac1 is localized to the nucleus, little is known regarding the function and biological significance of nuclear Rac1. Here, we showed that in response to EGF Rac1 was translocated to nuclear speckles and co-localized with the nuclear speckle marker Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) in Cos-7 cells. We also showed that the nuclear speckle localization of Rac1 was dependent on its T108 phosphorylation and facilitated by Rac1 polybasic region (PBR) that contains a nuclear localization signal and Rac1 GTPase activity. To gain insight into the function of Rac1 in nuclear speckles, we searched for Rac1 binding proteins in the nucleus. We isolated nuclear fraction of HEK 293 cells and incubated with GST-Rac1 and the phosphomimetic GST-Rac1T108E. We identified 463 proteins that were associated with GST-Rac1T108E, but not with GST-Rac1 by LC-MS/MS. Three notable groups of these proteins are: the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and SRSFs, all of which are involved in pre-mRNA splicing and associated with nuclear speckles. We further showed by co-immunoprecipitation that Rac1 interacts with SRSF2, hnRNPA1, and U2A' in response to EGF. The interaction is dependent on T108 phosphorylation and facilitated by Rac1 PBR and GTPase activity. We showed that hnRNPA1 translocated in and out of nucleus in response to EGF in a similar pattern to Rac1. Rac1 only partially colocalized with U2A' that localizes to the actual splicing sites adjacent to nuclear speckle. Finally, we showed that Rac1 regulated EGF-induced pre-mRNA splicing and this is mediated by T108 phosphorylation. We conclude that in response to EGF, T108 phosphorylated Rac1 is targeted to nuclear speckles, interacts with multiple groups of proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing, and regulates EGF-induced pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal, Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal, Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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20
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Rao TC, Ma VPY, Blanchard A, Urner TM, Grandhi S, Salaita K, Mattheyses AL. EGFR activation attenuates the mechanical threshold for integrin tension and focal adhesion formation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238840. [PMID: 32546532 PMCID: PMC7358133 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces, growth factors and the extracellular matrix all play crucial roles in cell adhesion. To understand how epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) impacts the mechanics of adhesion, we employed tension gauge tether (TGT) probes displaying the integrin ligand cRGDfK and quantified integrin tension. EGF exposure significantly increased spread area, cell circularity, integrated integrin tension, mechanical rupture density, radial organization and size of focal adhesions in Cos-7 cells on TGT surfaces. These findings suggest that EGFR regulates integrin tension and the spatial organization of focal adhesions. Additionally, we found that the mechanical tension threshold for outside-in integrin activation is tunable by EGFR. Parallel genetic and pharmacologic strategies demonstrated that these phenotypes are driven by ligand-dependent EGFR signaling. Our results establish a novel mechanism whereby EGFR regulates integrin activation and cell adhesion, providing control over cellular responses to the environment.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Aaron Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tara M Urner
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shreya Grandhi
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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21
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Matthews HK, Ganguli S, Plak K, Taubenberger AV, Win Z, Williamson M, Piel M, Guck J, Baum B. Oncogenic Signaling Alters Cell Shape and Mechanics to Facilitate Cell Division under Confinement. Dev Cell 2020; 52:563-573.e3. [PMID: 32032547 PMCID: PMC7063569 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To divide in a tissue, both normal and cancer cells become spherical and mechanically stiffen as they enter mitosis. We investigated the effect of oncogene activation on this process in normal epithelial cells. We found that short-term induction of oncogenic RasV12 activates downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK-ERK) signaling to alter cell mechanics and enhance mitotic rounding, so that RasV12-expressing cells are softer in interphase but stiffen more upon entry into mitosis. These RasV12-dependent changes allow cells to round up and divide faithfully when confined underneath a stiff hydrogel, conditions in which normal cells and cells with reduced levels of Ras-ERK signaling suffer multiple spindle assembly and chromosome segregation errors. Thus, by promoting cell rounding and stiffening in mitosis, oncogenic RasV12 enables cells to proliferate under conditions of mechanical confinement like those experienced by cells in crowded tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Sushila Ganguli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Plak
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zaw Win
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Max Williamson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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22
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Inhibition of TRPM7 blocks MRTF/SRF-dependent transcriptional and tumorigenic activity. Oncogene 2019; 39:2328-2344. [PMID: 31844251 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors A and B (MRTFs) are coactivators of Serum Response Factor (SRF) that mediates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. There is mounting evidence that MRTFs and SRF represent promising targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth. Since MRTF-A nuclear localization is a prerequisite for its transcriptional activity and oncogenic properties, we searched for pharmacologically active compounds able to redistribute MRTF-A to the cytoplasm. We identified NS8593, a negative gating modulator of the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPM7, as a novel inhibitor of MRTF-A nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Using a pharmacological approach and targeted genome editing, we investigated the functional contribution of TRPM7, a unique ion channel containing a serine-threonine kinase domain, to MRTF transcriptional and tumorigenic activity. We found that TRPM7 function regulates RhoA activity and subsequently actin polymerization, MRTF-A-Filamin A complex formation and MRTF-A/SRF target gene expression. Mechanistically, TRPM7 signaling relies on TRPM7 channel-mediated Mg2+ influx and phosphorylation of RhoA by TRPM7 kinase. Pharmacological blockade of TRPM7 results in oncogene-induced senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo in HCC xenografts. Hence, inhibition of the TRPM7/MRTF axis emerges as a promising strategy to curb HCC growth.
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Abdrabou A, Brandwein D, Liu C, Wang Z. Rac1 S71 Mediates the Interaction between Rac1 and 14-3-3 Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:E1006. [PMID: 31480268 PMCID: PMC6770128 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s) and Rho proteins regulate cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, which suggests a possible interaction between the signaling pathways regulated by these two groups of proteins. Indeed, more and more emerging evidence indicates the mutual regulation of these two signaling pathways. However, all of the data regarding the interaction between Rac1 signaling pathways and 14-3-3 signaling pathways are through either the upstream regulators or downstream substrates. It is not clear if Rac1 could interact with 14-3-3s directly. It is interesting to notice that the Rac1 sequence 68RPLSYP73 is likely a 14-3-3 protein binding motif following the phosphorylation of S71 by Akt. Thus, we hypothesize that Rac1 directly interacts with 14-3-3s. We tested this hypothesis in this research. By using mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), Rac1 activity assay, immunoblotting, and indirect immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that 14-3-3s interact with Rac1. This interaction is mediated by Rac1 S71 in both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners, but the phosphorylation-dependent interaction is much stronger. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) strongly stimulates the phosphorylation of Rac1 S71 and the interaction between 14-3-3s and Rac1. Mutating S71 to A completely abolishes both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent interactions between 14-3-3s and Rac1. The interaction between 14-3-3s and Rac1 mostly serve to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of Rac1. Among the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3η, -σ, and -θ showed interactions with Rac1 in both Cos-7 and HEK 293 cells. 14-3-3γ also binds to Rac1 in HEK 293 cells, but not in Cos-7 cells. We conclude that 14-3-3s interact with Rac1. This interaction is mediated by Rac1 S71 in both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. The interaction between 14-3-3 and Rac1 mostly serves to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of Rac1. Among the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3η, -γ, -σ, and -θ interact with Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Daniel Brandwein
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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24
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RHO Family GTPases in the Biology of Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070646. [PMID: 31248017 PMCID: PMC6678807 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RHO GTPases are a class of small molecules involved in the regulation of several cellular processes that belong to the RAS GTPase superfamily. The RHO family of GTPases includes several members that are further divided into two different groups: typical and atypical. Both typical and atypical RHO GTPases are critical transducers of intracellular signaling and have been linked to human cancer. Significantly, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations have been described in human tumors with contradicting roles depending on the cell context. The RAS family of GTPases that also belong to the RAS GTPase superfamily like the RHO GTPases, includes arguably the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers (K-RAS, N-RAS, and H-RAS) but has been extensively described elsewhere. This review focuses on the role of RHO family GTPases in human lymphoma initiation and progression.
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25
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An In Vitro Kinase Assay to Assess Rac1 Phosphorylation by ERK. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1821:131-140. [PMID: 30062409 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8612-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that phosphorylation might further contribute to the tight regulation of Rho GTPases. Interestingly, sequence analysis of Rac1 shows that T108 within the 106PNTP109 motif of Rac1 is likely an ERK phosphorylation site and Rac1 also has an ERK docking site 183KKRKRKCLLL192 (D-site) at the C-terminus. Protein phosphorylation could be assayed by many different methods. Here, we describe an in vitro kinase assay we used to assess Rac1 phosphorylation by ERK. Rac1 phosphorylation is detected based on the transfer of a radiolabeled phosphate from ATP to Rac1 by the phosphotransferase activity of the kinase EKR. This in vitro kinase assay uses commercially available purified active ERK. Substrate Rac1 was generated and purified as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. [γ-32P]ATP is used to radiolabel Rac1. Phosphorylation of Rac1 is viewed by autoradiography.
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26
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Abdrabou A, Wang Z. Post-Translational Modification and Subcellular Distribution of Rac1: An Update. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120263. [PMID: 30544910 PMCID: PMC6316090 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a small GTPase that belongs to the Rho family. The Rho family of small GTPases is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The Rho family of GTPases mediate a plethora of cellular effects, including regulation of cytoarchitecture, cell size, cell adhesion, cell polarity, cell motility, proliferation, apoptosis/survival, and membrane trafficking. The cycling of Rac1 between the GTP (guanosine triphosphate)- and GDP (guanosine diphosphate)-bound states is essential for effective signal flow to elicit downstream biological functions. The cycle between inactive and active forms is controlled by three classes of regulatory proteins: Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and guanine-nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Other modifications include RNA splicing and microRNAs; various post-translational modifications have also been shown to regulate the activity and function of Rac1. The reported post-translational modifications include lipidation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and adenylylation, which have all been shown to play important roles in the regulation of Rac1 and other Rho GTPases. Moreover, the Rac1 activity and function are regulated by its subcellular distribution and translocation. This review focused on the most recent progress in Rac1 research, especially in the area of post-translational modification and subcellular distribution and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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27
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Effects of PTEN Loss and Activated KRAS Overexpression on Mechanical Properties of Breast Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061613. [PMID: 29848992 PMCID: PMC6032141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that the simultaneous activation of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) pathways facilitate tumor growth despite only inducing cancer cell dormancy individually. Determining the impacts on cellular mechanics each pathway incites alone and in unison is critical to developing non-toxic cancer therapies for triple-negative breast cancers. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) knockout and activated KRAS (Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) overexpression in healthy MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells activated the PI3K and Ras/MAPK pathways, respectively. Cell stiffness and fluidity were simultaneously measured using atomic force microscopy. Results suggest that PTEN knockout reduced cell stiffness and increased cell fluidity independent of PI3K activation. Effects of activated KRAS overexpression on cell stiffness depends on rigidity of cell culture substrate. Activated KRAS overexpression also counteracts the effects of PTEN knockout.
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28
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Kim JG, Islam R, Cho JY, Jeong H, Cap KC, Park Y, Hossain AJ, Park JB. Regulation of RhoA GTPase and various transcription factors in the RhoA pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6381-6392. [PMID: 29377108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RhoA GTPase plays a variety of functions in regulation of cytoskeletal proteins, cellular morphology, and migration along with various proliferation and transcriptional activity in cells. RhoA activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), and the guanine nucleotide dissociation factor (GDI). The RhoA-RhoGDI complex exists in the cytosol and the active GTP-bound form of RhoA is located to the membrane. GDI displacement factors (GDFs) including IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) dissociate the RhoA-GDI complex, allowing activation of RhoA through GEFs. In addition, modifications of Tyr42 phosphorylation and Cys16/20 oxidation in RhoA and Tyr156 phosphorylation and oxidation of RhoGDI promote the dissociation of the RhoA-RhoGDI complex. The expression of RhoA is regulated through transcriptional factors such as c-Myc, HIF-1α/2α, Stat 6, and NF-κB along with several reported microRNAs. As the role of RhoA in regulating actin-filament formation and myosin-actin interaction has been well described, in this review we focus on the transcriptional activity of RhoA and also the regulation of RhoA message itself. Of interest, in the cytosol, activated RhoA induces transcriptional changes through filamentous actin (F-actin)-dependent ("actin switch") or-independent means. RhoA regulates the activity of several transcription regulators such as serum response factor (SRF)/MAL, AP-1, NF-κB, YAP/TAZ, β-catenin, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Interestingly, RhoA also itself is localized to the nucleus by an as-yet-undiscovered mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Y Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwalrim Jeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim-Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu J Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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29
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El Azreq MA, Kadiri M, Boisvert M, Pagé N, Tessier PA, Aoudjit F. Discoidin domain receptor 1 promotes Th17 cell migration by activating the RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44975-44990. [PMID: 27391444 PMCID: PMC5216699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector T cell migration through the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important step of the adaptive immune response and in the development of inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood. In this study, we addressed the role of a collagen receptor, the discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), in the migration of Th17 cells. We showed that the vast majority of human Th17 cells express DDR1 and that silencing DDR1 or using the blocking recombinant receptor DDR1:Fc significantly reduced their motility and invasion in three-dimensional (3D) collagen. DDR1 promoted Th17 migration by activating RhoA/ROCK and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Interestingly, the RhoA/ROCK signaling module was required for MAPK/ERK activation. Finally, we showed that DDR1 is important for the recruitment of Th17 cells into the mouse dorsal air pouch containing the chemoattractant CCL20. Collectively, our results indicate that DDR1, via the activation of RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK signaling axis, is a key pathway of effector T cell migration through collagen of perivascular tissues. As such, DDR1 can contribute to the development of Th17-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maleck Kadiri
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Boisvert
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pagé
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe A Tessier
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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30
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Choi EK, Kim JG, Kim HJ, Cho JY, Jeong H, Park Y, Islam R, Cap CK, Park JB. Regulation of RhoA GTPase and novel target proteins for ROCK. Small GTPases 2017; 11:95-102. [PMID: 29199510 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1364831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play significant roles in cellular function and their activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), providing activation and inactivation of these GTPases, respectively. Active GTP-bound form of RhoA activates its effector proteins while the inactive GDP-bound form of RhoA exists in a RhoA-RhoGDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor) complex in the cytosol. In particular, IκB kinase γ IKKγ/NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) plays a role as a GDI displacement factor (GDF) for RhoA activation through binding to RhoA-RhoGDI complex. Meanwhile, prion protein inactivates RhoA despite RhoA/RhoGDI association. Novel target proteins for Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) such as glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and IKKβ are recently discovered. Here, we elaborate on a post-translationally modified version of RhoA, phosphorylated at Tyr42 and oxidized at Cys16/20. This form of RhoA dissociates from RhoA-RhoGDI complex and activates IKKβ on IKKγ/NEMO, thus providing possibly a critical role for tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hwalrim Jeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cuong Kim Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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31
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Interaction between Rho GTPases and 14-3-3 Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102148. [PMID: 29036929 PMCID: PMC5666830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase family accounts for as many as 20 members. Among them, the archetypes RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 have been the most well-characterized. Like all members of the small GTPases superfamily, Rho proteins act as molecular switches to control cellular processes by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound states. The 14-3-3 family proteins comprise seven isoforms. They exist as dimers (homo- or hetero-dimer) in cells. They function by binding to Ser/Thr phosphorylated intracellular proteins, which alters the conformation, activity, and subcellular localization of their binding partners. Both 14-3-3 proteins and Rho GTPases regulate cell cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, which suggests a possible interaction between the signaling pathways regulated by these two groups of proteins. Indeed, more and more emerging evidence indicates the mutual regulation of these two signaling pathways. There have been many documented reviews of 14-3-3 protein and Rac1 separately, but there is no review regarding the interaction and mutual regulation of these two groups of proteins. Thus, in this article we thoroughly review all the reported interactions between the signaling pathways regulated by 14-3-3 proteins and Rho GTPases (mostly Rac1).
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32
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Yano K, Shimizu S, Tomono T, Ogihara T. Gastrointestinal Hormone Cholecystokinin Increases P-Glycoprotein Membrane Localization and Transport Activity in Caco-2 Cells. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2650-2656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Neto E, Alves CJ, Leitão L, Sousa DM, Alencastre IS, Conceição F, Lamghari M. Axonal outgrowth, neuropeptides expression and receptors tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in 3D organotypic cultures of adult dorsal root ganglia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181612. [PMID: 28742111 PMCID: PMC5524368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited knowledge from mechanistic studies on adult sensory neuronal activity was generated, to some extent, in recapitulated adult in vivo 3D microenvironment. To fill this gap there is a real need to better characterize the adult dorsal root ganglia (aDRG) organotypic cultures to make these in vitro systems exploitable for different approaches, ranging from basic neurobiology to regenerative therapies, to address the sensory nervous system in adult stage. We conducted a direct head-to-head comparison of aDRG and embryonic DRG (eDRG) organotypic culture focusing on axonal growth, neuropeptides expression and receptors tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation associated with neuronal survival, proliferation and differentiation. To identify alterations related to culture conditions, these parameters were also addressed in retrieved aDRG and eDRG and compared with organotypic cultures. Under similar neurotrophic stimulation, aDRG organotypic cultures displayed lower axonal outgrowth rate supported by reduced expression of growth associated protein-43 and high levels of RhoA and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta mRNA transcripts. In addition, differential alteration in sensory neuropeptides expression, namely calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, was detected and was mainly pronounced at gene expression levels. Among 39 different RTK, five receptors from three RTK families were emphasized: tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Of note, except for EGFR, the phosphorylation of these receptors was dependent on DRG developmental stage and/or culture condition. In addition, EGFR and PDGFR displayed alterations in their cellular expression pattern in cultured DRG. Overall we provided valuable information particularly important when addressing in vitro the molecular mechanisms associated with development, maturation and regeneration of the sensory nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrela Neto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP—Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília J. Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Leitão
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês S. Alencastre
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Conceição
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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34
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Florke RR, Young GT, Hamann MJ. Unraveling a model of TCL/RhoJ allosterism using TC10 reverse chimeras. Small GTPases 2017; 11:138-145. [PMID: 28696829 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1347599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical regulation of GTPase activity by effector proteins, investigating the variations in the amino acid sequence and structures of GTPases often provides insights into regulatory mechanisms that are more GTPase-specific. TCL/RhoJ is a Rho GTPase most closely related to Cdc42 and TC10; however, its nucleotide exchange activity is distinctly influenced by N-terminal amino acids 17-20 and the more distal amino acids 121-129. In this short study, we have further explored the differences between TCL and its homolog TC10 and show that its unique mode of allosteric regulation requires broader diversification of its amino acid sequence than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace T Young
- Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, USA
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35
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Yamaguchi R, Sakamoto A, Yamamoto T, Ishimaru Y, Narahara S, Sugiuchi H, Yamaguchi Y. Surfactant Protein D Inhibits Interleukin-12p40 Production by Macrophages Through the SIRPα/ROCK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Am J Med Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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36
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Jungas T, Perchey RT, Fawal M, Callot C, Froment C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Besson A, Davy A. Eph-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of citron kinase controls abscission. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:555-69. [PMID: 27551053 PMCID: PMC5004443 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the last step of cytokinesis, allowing the physical separation of daughter cells at the end of cell division. It has been considered a cell autonomous process, yet Jungas et al. report that Ephrin/Eph signaling controls the completion of abscission. Cytokinesis is the last step of cell division, culminating in the physical separation of daughter cells at the end of mitosis. Cytokinesis is a tightly regulated process that until recently was mostly viewed as a cell-autonomous event. Here, we investigated the role of Ephrin/Eph signaling, a well-known local cell-to-cell communication pathway, in cell division. We show that activation of Eph signaling in vitro leads to multinucleation and polyploidy, and we demonstrate that this is caused by alteration of the ultimate step of cytokinesis, abscission. Control of abscission requires Eph kinase activity, and Src and citron kinase (CitK) are downstream effectors in the Eph-induced signal transduction cascade. CitK is phosphorylated on tyrosines in neural progenitors in vivo, and Src kinase directly phosphorylates CitK. We have identified the specific tyrosine residues of CitK that are phosphorylated and show that tyrosine phosphorylation of CitK impairs cytokinesis. Finally, we show that, similar to CitK, Ephrin/Eph signaling controls neuronal ploidy in the developing neocortex. Our study indicates that CitK integrates intracellular and extracellular signals provided by the local environment to coordinate completion of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jungas
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud T Perchey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad Fawal
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Callot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Froment
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Davy
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Sidoli S, Fujiwara R, Kulej K, Garcia BA. Differential quantification of isobaric phosphopeptides using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2385-8. [PMID: 27301801 PMCID: PMC5091076 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00385k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) fundamental for processes such as signal transduction and enzyme activity. We propose to apply data-independent acquisition (DIA) using mass spectrometry (MS) to determine unexplored phosphorylation events on isobarically modified peptides. Such peptides are commonly not quantitatively discriminated in phosphoproteomics due to their identical mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 9-124, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rina Fujiwara
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 9-124, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kulej
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 9-124, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 9-124, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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