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Gromek P, Senkowska Z, Płuciennik E, Pasieka Z, Zhao LY, Gielecińska A, Kciuk M, Kłosiński K, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D. Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods. World J Methodol 2024; 14:92982. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.92982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the World Health Organization data, cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases. An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally, emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue. The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient; this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy. Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization. Thus, there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy, elastography, synthetic biosensors, fluorescence imaging, and reflectance confocal microscopy. Conventional therapeutic methods, although still common in clinical practice, pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory. Nowadays, there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy, exosome-based therapy, nanotechnology, dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, natural product-based therapy, tumor-treating fields, and photodynamic therapy. The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions. As evidenced, modern methods are not without drawbacks; there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity, specificity, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, an appropriate route has been taken, as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gromek
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Senkowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pasieka
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Karol Kłosiński
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
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2
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Hao MJ, Cheng ZY, Gao Y, Xin L, Yu CT, Wang TL, Li ZS, Wang LW. Liquid biopsy of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:698-709. [PMID: 38466190 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2310167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Early detection and access to appropriate treatment are crucial for the long-term survival of patients. However, limited diagnostic and monitoring methods are available for identifying early stage ESCC. Endoscopic screening and surgical resection are commonly used to diagnose and treat early ESCC. However, these methods have disadvantages, such as high recurrence, lethality, and mortality rates. Therefore, methods to improve early diagnosis of ESCC and reduce its mortality rate are urgently required. In 1961, Gary et al. proposed a novel liquid biopsy approach for clinical diagnosis. This involved examining exosomes, circulating tumour cells, circulating free DNA, and circulating free RNA in body fluids. The ability of liquid biopsy to obtain samples repeatedly, wide detection range, and fast detection speed make it a feasible option for non-invasive tumour detection. In clinical practice, liquid biopsy technology has gained popularity for early screening, diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Thus, this is a highly promising examination method. However, there have been no comprehensive reviews on the four factors of liquid biopsy in the context of ESCC. This review aimed to analyse the progress of liquid biopsy research for ESCC, including its classification, components, and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Hao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Guiyang Fourth People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Lu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Tukova A, Nadalini A, Inglis DW, Chang-Hao Tsao S, Wang Y. Microfluidic-SERS Technologies for CTC: A Perspective on Clinical Translation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Enumeration and phenotypic profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide critical information for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cancer. To achieve this goal, an integrated system is needed to efficiently isolate CTCs from patient samples and sensitively evaluate their phenotypes. Such integration would comprise a high-throughput single-cell processing unit for the isolation and manipulation of CTCs and a sensitive and multiplexed quantitation unit to detect clinically relevant signals from these cells. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used as an analytical method for molecular profiling and in vitro cancer diagnosis. More recently, its multiplexing capability and power to create distinct molecular signatures against their targets have garnered attention. Here, we share our insights into the combined power of microfluidics and SERS in realizing CTC isolation, enumeration, and detection from a clinical translation perspective. We highlight the key operational factors in CTC microfluidic processing and SERS detection from patient samples. We further discuss microfluidic-SERS integration and its clinical utility as a paradigm shift in clinical CTC-based cancer diagnosis and prognostication. Finally, we summarize the challenges and attempt to look forward to what lies ahead of us in potentially translating the technique into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Anastasiia Tukova
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey Nadalini
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Enders A, Grünberger A, Bahnemann J. Towards Small Scale: Overview and Applications of Microfluidics in Biotechnology. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:365-377. [PMID: 36515858 PMCID: PMC10881759 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to recent and continuing technological innovations, modern microfluidic systems are increasingly offering researchers working across all fields of biotechnology exciting new possibilities (especially with respect to facilitating high throughput analysis, portability, and parallelization). The advantages offered by microfluidic devices-namely, the substantially lowered chemical and sample consumption they require, the increased energy and mass transfer they offer, and their comparatively small size-can potentially be leveraged in every sub-field of biotechnology. However, to date, most of the reported devices have been deployed in furtherance of healthcare, pharmaceutical, and/or industrial applications. In this review, we consider examples of microfluidic and miniaturized systems across biotechnology sub-fields. In this context, we point out the advantages of microfluidics for various applications and highlight the common features of devices and the potential for transferability to other application areas. This will provide incentives for increased collaboration between researchers from different disciplines in the field of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Enders
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences: Microsystems in Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
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Zhan Q, Liu B, Situ X, Luo Y, Fu T, Wang Y, Xie Z, Ren L, Zhu Y, He W, Ke Z. New insights into the correlations between circulating tumor cells and target organ metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:465. [PMID: 38129401 PMCID: PMC10739776 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient death. The distant metastasis of tumor cells to specific organs depends on both the intrinsic characteristics of the tumor cells and extrinsic factors in their microenvironment. During an intermediate stage of metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are released into the bloodstream from primary and metastatic tumors. CTCs harboring aggressive or metastatic features can extravasate to remote sites for continuous colonizing growth, leading to further lesions. In the past decade, numerous studies demonstrated that CTCs exhibited huge clinical value including predicting distant metastasis, assessing prognosis and monitoring treatment response et al. Furthermore, increasingly numerous experiments are dedicated to identifying the key molecules on or inside CTCs and exploring how they mediate CTC-related organ-specific metastasis. Based on the above molecules, more and more inhibitors are being developed to target CTCs and being utilized to completely clean CTCs, which should provide promising prospects to administer advanced tumor. Recently, the application of various nanomaterials and microfluidic technologies in CTCs enrichment technology has assisted to improve our deep insights into the phenotypic characteristics and biological functions of CTCs as a potential therapy target, which may pave the way for us to make practical clinical strategies. In the present review, we mainly focus on the role of CTCs being involved in targeted organ metastasis, especially the latest molecular mechanism research and clinical intervention strategies related to CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinru Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bixia Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Situ
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tongze Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhongpeng Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Beniwal SS, Lamo P, Kaushik A, Lorenzo-Villegas DL, Liu Y, MohanaSundaram A. Current Status and Emerging Trends in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:926. [PMID: 37887119 PMCID: PMC10605407 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and potentially fatal disease categorized based on its high incidences and mortality rates, which raised the need for effective diagnostic strategies for the early detection and management of CRC. While there are several conventional cancer diagnostics available, they have certain limitations that hinder their effectiveness. Significant research efforts are currently being dedicated to elucidating novel methodologies that aim at comprehending the intricate molecular mechanism that underlies CRC. Recently, microfluidic diagnostics have emerged as a pivotal solution, offering non-invasive approaches to real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. Microfluidic devices enable the integration of multiple sample preparation steps into a single platform, which speeds up processing and improves sensitivity. Such advancements in diagnostic technologies hold immense promise for revolutionizing the field of CRC diagnosis and enabling efficient detection and monitoring strategies. This article elucidates several of the latest developments in microfluidic technology for CRC diagnostics. In addition to the advancements in microfluidic technology for CRC diagnostics, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for further enhancing diagnostic capabilities. Advancements in microfluidic systems and AI-driven approaches can revolutionize colorectal cancer diagnostics, offering accurate, efficient, and personalized strategies to improve patient outcomes and transform cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Lamo
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | | | - Yuguang Liu
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Immunology and Surgery, Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kohada Y. Role of circulating tumor cell clusters in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist: A pilot study. Asian J Urol 2023; 10:210-212. [PMID: 36942117 PMCID: PMC10023524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kohada
- Corresponding author. Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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8
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Erickson A, Chiarelli PA, Huang J, Levengood SL, Zhang M. Electrospun nanofibers for 3-D cancer models, diagnostics, and therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1279-1298. [PMID: 36106417 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of global mortality, cancer has prompted extensive research and development to advance efficacious drug discovery, sustained drug delivery and improved sensitivity in diagnosis. Towards these applications, nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning have exhibited great clinical potential as a biomimetic tumor microenvironment model for drug screening, a controllable platform for localized, prolonged drug release for cancer therapy, and a highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tool for capture and isolation of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream and for detection of cancer-associated biomarkers. This review provides an overview of applied nanofiber design with focus on versatile electrospinning fabrication techniques. The influence of topographical, physical, and biochemical properties on the function of nanofiber assemblies is discussed, as well as current and foreseeable barriers to the clinical translation of applied nanofibers in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Erickson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Peter A Chiarelli
- The Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jianxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Sheeny Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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9
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Jiang T, Mei L, Yang X, Sun T, Wang Z, Ji Y. Biomarkers of gastric cancer: current advancement. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10899. [PMID: 36247151 PMCID: PMC9561735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types worldwide, especially in East Asia. Due to its frequently advanced stage at diagnosis, the mortality from GC is high and the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Thus, early detection using effective screening approaches is vital to decrease the morbidity and mortality of GC. Interestingly, biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prediction of sensitivity to treatment, and prognosis in GC. The potential biomarkers detectable in liquid biopsies such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), microRNAs, and exosomes reveal numerous information regarding the early prediction and the outcomes for GC patients. Additionally, using the novel serum biomarkers has opened up new opportunities for diagnosing and monitoring patients with GC. This review mainly summarizes the novel progress and approaches in GC biomarkers, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Meanwhile, we also discussed the advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives of GC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingkai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China,Corresponding author.
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10
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Circulating tumor cell isolation for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104237. [PMID: 36041264 PMCID: PMC9440384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that shed from the primary tumor and intravasate into the peripheral blood circulation system responsible for metastasis. Sensitive detection of CTCs from clinical samples can serve as an effective tool in cancer diagnosis and prognosis through liquid biopsy. Current CTC detection technologies mainly reply on the biomarker-mediated platforms including magnetic beads, microfluidic chips or size-sensitive microfiltration which can compromise detection sensitivity due to tumor heterogeneity. A more sensitive, biomarker independent CTCs isolation technique has been recently developed with the surface-charged superparamagnetic nanoprobe capable of different EMT subpopulation CTC capture from 1 mL clinical blood. In this review, this new strategy is compared with the conventional techniques on biomarker specificity, impact of protein corona, effect of glycolysis on cell surface charge, and accurate CTC identification. Correlations between CTC enumeration and molecular profiling in clinical blood and cancer prognosis are provided for clinical cancer management.
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Lone SN, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Singh M, Rizwan A, Hashem S, El-Rifai W, Bedognetti D, Batra SK, Haris M, Bhat AA, Macha MA. Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:79. [PMID: 35303879 PMCID: PMC8932066 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring cancers are slowly being replaced by non-invasive methods such as liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsies have drastically revolutionized the field of clinical oncology, offering ease in tumor sampling, continuous monitoring by repeated sampling, devising personalized therapeutic regimens, and screening for therapeutic resistance. Liquid biopsies consist of isolating tumor-derived entities like circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, tumor extracellular vesicles, etc., present in the body fluids of patients with cancer, followed by an analysis of genomic and proteomic data contained within them. Methods for isolation and analysis of liquid biopsies have rapidly evolved over the past few years as described in the review, thus providing greater details about tumor characteristics such as tumor progression, tumor staging, heterogeneity, gene mutations, and clonal evolution, etc. Liquid biopsies from cancer patients have opened up newer avenues in detection and continuous monitoring, treatment based on precision medicine, and screening of markers for therapeutic resistance. Though the technology of liquid biopsies is still evolving, its non-invasive nature promises to open new eras in clinical oncology. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current methodologies involved in liquid biopsies and their application in isolating tumor markers for detection, prognosis, and monitoring cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saife N Lone
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicince, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, Omaha, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, Omaha, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, (IUST), 192122, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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Descamps L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. Microfluidic-Based Technologies for CTC Isolation: A Review of 10 Years of Intense Efforts towards Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041981. [PMID: 35216097 PMCID: PMC8875744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood as a real-time liquid biopsy has received increasing attention over the past ten years, and further analysis of these cells may greatly aid in both research and clinical applications. CTC analysis could advance understandings of metastatic cascade, tumor evolution, and patient heterogeneity, as well as drug resistance. Until now, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs have been technical challenges to their wider use in clinical studies, but microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these limitations. This review provides a detailed overview of latest and leading microfluidic devices implemented for CTC isolation. In particular, this study details must-have device performances and highlights the tradeoff between recovery and purity. Finally, the review gives a report of CTC potential clinical applications that can be conducted after CTC isolation. Widespread microfluidic devices, which aim to support liquid-biopsy-based applications, will represent a paradigm shift for cancer clinical care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière ILM-UMR 5306, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Burr R, Edd JF, Chirn B, Mishra A, Haber DA, Toner M, Maheswaran S. Negative-Selection Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells from Peripheral Blood Using the Microfluidic CTC-iChip. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2471:309-321. [PMID: 35175606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2193-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to isolate and analyze rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds the potential to increase our understanding of cancer evolution and allows monitoring of disease and therapeutic responses through a relatively non-invasive blood-based biopsy. While many methods have been described to isolate CTCs from the blood, the vast majority rely on size-based sorting or positive selection of CTCs based on surface markers, which introduces bias into the downstream product by making assumptions about these heterogenous cells. Here we describe a negative-selection protocol for enrichment of CTCs through removal of blood components including red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. This procedure results in a product that is amenable to downstream single-cell analytics including RNA-Seq, ATAC-Seq and DNA methylation, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for tumor specific transcripts, staining and extensive image analysis, and ex vivo culture of patient-derived CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Burr
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jon F Edd
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chirn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Avanish Mishra
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Multigene Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) for Prognostic Assessment in Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010004. [PMID: 35008431 PMCID: PMC8744626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial biological heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer has hindered the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the course of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), with some men remaining on first-line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for several years while others progress more rapidly. Improving our ability to risk-stratify patients would allow for the optimization of systemic therapies and support the development of stratified prospective clinical trials focused on patients likely to have the greatest potential benefit. Here, we applied a liquid biopsy approach to identify clinically relevant, blood-based prognostic biomarkers in patients with mHSPC. Gene expression indicating the presence of CTCs was greater in CHAARTED high-volume (HV) patients (52% CTChigh) than in low-volume (LV) patients (23% CTChigh; * p = 0.03). HV disease (p = 0.005, q = 0.033) and CTC presence at baseline prior to treatment initiation (p = 0.008, q = 0.033) were found to be independently associated with the risk of nonresponse at 7 months. The pooled gene expression from CTCs of pre-ADT samples found AR, DSG2, KLK3, MDK, and PCA3 as genes predictive of nonresponse. These observations support the utility of liquid biomarker approaches to identify patients with poor initial response. This approach could facilitate more precise treatment intensification in the highest risk patients.
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15
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Law AMK, Rodriguez de la Fuente L, Grundy TJ, Fang G, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D. Advancements in 3D Cell Culture Systems for Personalizing Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:782766. [PMID: 34917509 PMCID: PMC8669727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.782766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical models that are being currently used for drug development and in personalised therapies. To ensure that the assessment of drug efficacy and their mechanism of action have clinical translatability, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment needs to be properly modelled. 3D culture models are emerging as a powerful research tool that recapitulates in vivo characteristics. Technological advancements in this field show promising application in improving drug discovery, pre-clinical validation, and precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the significance of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on therapy success, the current developments of 3D culture, and the opportunities that advancements that in vitro technologies can provide to improve cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M K Law
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Lab, Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas J Grundy
- Life Sciences, Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Lab, Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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16
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Zhang R, You Q, Cheng M, Ge M, Mei Q, Yang L, Dong WF, Chang Z. Multifunctional Gold Nano-Cytosensor With Quick Capture, Electrochemical Detection, and Non-Invasive Release of Circulating Tumor Cells for Early Cancer Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:783661. [PMID: 34858966 PMCID: PMC8632441 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.783661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastatic tumor cells that shed into the blood from solid primary tumors, and their existence significantly increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence. The timely discovery and detection of CTCs are of considerable importance for the early diagnosis and treatment of metastasis. However, the low number of CTCs hinders their detection. In the present study, an ultrasensitive electrochemical cytosensor for specific capture, quantitative detection, and noninvasive release of EpCAM-positive tumor cells was developed. The biosensor was manufactured using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to modify the electrode. Three types of AuNPs with controllable sizes and conjugated with a targeting molecule of monoclonal anti-EpCAM antibody were used in this study. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of the cytosensors were performed to evaluate the cell capture efficiency and performance. The captured 4T1 cells by the AuNPs hindered electron transport efficiency, resulting in increased EIS responses. The cell capture response recorded using EIS or DPV indicated that the optimal AuNPs size should be 17 nm. The cell capture response changed linearly with the concentration range from 8.0 × 10 to 1 × 107 cells/mL, and the limit of detection was 50 cells/mL. After these measurements, glycine-HCl (Gly-HCl) was used as an antibody eluent to destroy the binding between antigen and antibody to release the captured tumor cells without compromising their viability for further clinical research. This protocol realizes rapid detection of CTCs with good stability, acceptable assay precision, significant fabrication reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 2.09%, and good recovery of cells. Our results indicate that the proposed biosensor is promising for the early monitoring of CTCs and may help customize personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Qiannan You
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Life Science and Biotechinology, Mianyang Teachers' College, Mianyang, China.,Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China.,Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
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17
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Vázquez M, Anfossi L, Ben-Yoav H, Diéguez L, Karopka T, Della Ventura B, Abalde-Cela S, Minopoli A, Di Nardo F, Shukla VK, Teixeira A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Franco-Martínez L. Use of some cost-effective technologies for a routine clinical pathology laboratory. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4330-4351. [PMID: 34664599 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Classically, the need for highly sophisticated instruments with important economic costs has been a major limiting factor for clinical pathology laboratories, especially in developing countries. With the aim of making clinical pathology more accessible, a wide variety of free or economical technologies have been developed worldwide in the last few years. 3D printing and Arduino approaches can provide up to 94% economical savings in hardware and instrumentation in comparison to commercial alternatives. The vast selection of point-of-care-tests (POCT) currently available also limits the need for specific instruments or personnel, as they can be used almost anywhere and by anyone. Lastly, there are dozens of free and libre digital tools available in health informatics. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art on cost-effective alternatives with applications in routine clinical pathology laboratories. In this context, a variety of technologies including 3D printing and Arduino, lateral flow assays, plasmonic biosensors, and microfluidics, as well as laboratory information systems, are discussed. This review aims to serve as an introduction to different technologies that can make clinical pathology more accessible and, therefore, contribute to achieve universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Vázquez
- National Centre For Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Minopoli
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Vikas Kumar Shukla
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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18
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Ujiie D, Matsumoto T, Endo E, Okayama H, Fujita S, Kanke Y, Watanabe Y, Hanayama H, Hayase S, Saze Z, Ohki S, Kono K. Circulating tumor cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are related with recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophagus 2021; 18:566-573. [PMID: 33661456 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to be a systemic process of malignant progression of cancer cells and there is a possibility that analysis for CTCs as a liquid biopsy become predictive or prognostic tools for cancer patients. METHODS In the present study with the novel CTCs detection system (Celsee system®), we performed quantitative and qualitative analysis of CTCs in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with 5FU + CDDP regimen. CTCs are defined as having both DAPI positive and CD45 negative. Vimentin-positive CTCs were defined as mesenchymal-type CTCs (M-CTCs), while epithelial-type CTCs (E-CTCs) were only positive for pan-cytokeratin. RESULTS At the baseline, there are detectable amounts of CTCs in all patients (n = 30) at all stages, and there were no significant differences of total CTCs, E-CTCs, or M-CTCs numbers between stages. Of importance, among total CTCs, M-CTCs are more dominant than E-CTCs in number. Also, there was no significant change of detectable amounts and phenotype of CTCs before and after NAC (n = 24). Of note, early recurrent group indicated that there was an elevated total CTCs number before NAC and an increased M-CTCs after NAC in comparison to those in non-recurrent group. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative and qualitative analysis of CTCs may provide useful complementary predictive and prognostic information in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ujiie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsumoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Eisei Endo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shotaro Fujita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kanke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Suguru Hayase
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Zenichirou Saze
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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19
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Einoch-Amor R, Broza YY, Haick H. Detection of Single Cancer Cells in Blood with Artificially Intelligent Nanoarray. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7744-7755. [PMID: 33787212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Detection and monitoring of single cancer cells (SCCs), such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), would be of aid in an efficient early detection of cancer, a tailored (personalized) therapy, and in a fast bedside assessment of treatment efficacy. Nevertheless, currently available techniques, which mostly rely on the isolation of SCCs based on their physical or biological properties, suffer from low sensitivity, complicated technical procedures, low cost-effectiveness, and being unsuitable for continuous monitoring. We report here on the design and use of an artificially intelligent nanoarray based on a heterogeneous set of chemisensitive nanostructured films for the detection of SCCs using volatile organic compounds emanating in the air trapped above blood samples containing SCCs. For demonstration purposes, we have focused on samples containing A549 lung cancer cells (hereafter, SCCA549). The nanoarray developed to detect SCCA549 has >90% accuracy, >85% sensitivity, and >95% specificity. Detection works irrespective of the medium and/or the environment. These results were validated by complementary mass spectrometry. The ability to continuously record, store, and preprocess the signals increases the chances that this nanotechnology might also be useful in the early detection of cancer cells in the blood and continuous monitoring of their possible progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reef Einoch-Amor
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Y Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
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20
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Yokota K, Hashimoto M, Kajimoto K, Tanaka M, Murayama S, Tsutsui M, Nakajima Y, Taniguchi M, Kataoka M. Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on Cell Sensing by Measuring Ionic Current Waveform through Micropores. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030078. [PMID: 33809382 PMCID: PMC7998150 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunostaining has been widely used in cancer prognosis for the quantitative detection of cancer cells present in the bloodstream. However, conventional detection methods based on the target membrane protein expression exhibit the risk of missing cancer cells owing to variable protein expressions. In this study, the resistive pulse method (RPM) was employed to discriminate between cultured cancer cells (NCI-H1650) and T lymphoblastoid leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) by measuring the ionic current response of cells flowing through a micro-space. The height and shape of a pulse signal were used for the simultaneous measurement of size, deformability, and surface charge of individual cells. An accurate discrimination of cancer cells could not be obtained using 1.0 × phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as an electrolyte solution to compare the size measurements by a microscopic observation. However, an accurate discrimination of cancer cells with a discrimination error rate of 4.5 ± 0.5% was achieved using 0.5 × PBS containing 2.77% glucose as the electrolyte solution. The potential application of RPM for the accurate discrimination of cancer cells from leukocytes was demonstrated through the measurement of the individual cell size, deformability, and surface charge in a solution with a low electrolyte concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Yokota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.H.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Muneaki Hashimoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.H.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.H.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Masato Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.H.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Sanae Murayama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (S.M.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (S.M.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.H.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (S.M.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.H.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-869-3576
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21
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Casanova-Salas I, Athie A, Boutros PC, Del Re M, Miyamoto DT, Pienta KJ, Posadas EM, Sowalsky AG, Stenzl A, Wyatt AW, Mateo J. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Blood-based Liquid Biopsies to Inform Clinical Decision-making in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 79:762-771. [PMID: 33422353 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genomic stratification can impact prostate cancer (PC) care through diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers that aid in clinical decision-making. The temporal and spatial genomic heterogeneity of PC together with the challenges of acquiring metastatic tissue biopsies hinder implementation of tissue-based molecular profiling in routine clinical practice. Blood-based liquid biopsies are an attractive, minimally invasive alternative. OBJECTIVE To review the clinical value of blood-based liquid biopsy assays in PC and identify potential applications to accelerate the development of precision medicine. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed to identify relevant literature on blood-based circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in PC. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Liquid biopsy has emerged as a practical tool to profile tumor dynamics over time, elucidating features that evolve (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome) with tumor progression. Liquid biopsy tests encompass analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins that can be detected in CTCs, ctDNA, or EVs. Blood-based liquid biopsies have demonstrated promise in the context of localized tumors (diagnostic signatures, risk stratification, and disease monitoring) and advanced disease (response/resistance biomarkers and prognostic markers). CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsies have value as a source of prognostic, predictive, and response biomarkers in PC. Most clinical applications have been developed in the advanced metastatic setting, where CTC and ctDNA yields are significantly higher. However, standardization of assays and analytical/clinical validation is necessary prior to clinical implementation. PATIENT SUMMARY Traces of tumors can be isolated from blood samples from patients with prostate cancer either as whole cells or as DNA fragments. These traces provide information on tumor features. These minimally invasive tests can guide diagnosis and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Casanova-Salas
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Athie
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Departments of Human Genetics and Urology, Institute for Precision Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Translational Oncology Program & Urologic Oncology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joaquin Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Wang X, Jaimes M, Gu H, Shults K, Putta S, Sharma V, Chow W, Gogoi P, Handique K, Patterson BK. Cell by cell immuno- and cancer marker profiling of non-small cell lung cancer tissue: Checkpoint marker expression on CD103+, CD4+ T-cells predicts circulating tumor cells. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100953. [PMID: 33217647 PMCID: PMC7683336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in recent years has significantly improved NSCLC patient outcome. In this study, we employed cell-by-cell immune and cancer marker profiling of the primary tumor cells to investigate possible signatures that might predict the presence or absence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). We performed a comprehensive study on 10 NSCLC patient tissue samples with paired blood samples. The solid tissue biopsy samples were dissociated into single cells by non-enzymatic tissue homogenization and stained with a total 25 immune, cancer markers and DNA content dye and analyzed with high-parameter flow cytometry. CTCs were isolated and analyzed from the paired peripheral blood. We investigated a total of 74 biomarkers for their correlation with CTC number. Strong correlations were observed between CTC number and the frequency of immune checkpoint marker expressing lymphocytes (CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM3, PD-1), within the CD103+CD4+ T lymphocyte subset. CTC number is also correlated with the frequency of PD-L1 expressing cancer cells and cancer cell DNA content. In contrast, CTC number inversely correlated to the frequency of CD44+E-cadherin- cancer cells. Unsupervised clustering analysis based on the biomarker analysis separated the CTC negative patients from the CTC positive patients. Profiling multiple immune and cancer markers on cancer samples with multi-parametric flow cytometry allowed us to obtain protein expression information at the single cell level. Clustering analysis of the proteomic data revealed a signature driven by checkpoint marker expression on CD103+CD4+ T cells that could potentially be predictive of CTCs and targets of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- IncellDx Inc, 1541 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Maria Jaimes
- Cytek Biosciences Inc, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Huimin Gu
- Cytek Biosciences Inc, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Keith Shults
- IncellDx Inc, 1541 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Will Chow
- Celsee Inc, Plymouth MI, United States
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23
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Konno N, Suzuki R, Takagi T, Sugimoto M, Asama H, Sato Y, Irie H, Hikichi T, Ohira H. Clinical utility of a newly developed microfluidic device for detecting circulating tumor cells in the blood of patients with pancreatico-biliary malignancies. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 28:115-124. [PMID: 33090657 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an optimal screening method is required to improve the prognosis of pancreatico-biliary (PB) cancers. A recently developed microfluidic device achieved a high diagnostic yield by detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients. We conducted this study to investigate the clinical utility of measuring CTCs in peripheral venous blood to diagnose PB cancer. METHODS Sixty-three subjects were enrolled in this study (29 with pancreatic cancer [PC], 19 with biliary cancer [BC] and 16 non-tumor controls). Using a microfluidic chip device and image analyzer, circulating blood cells were selected based on their size and immunocytochemistry staining pattern. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic accuracy of CTCs with regard to distinguishing between PB cancer patients and controls. We divided all cases into the training set (n = 32) and validation set (n = 31). The diagnostic accuracy of CTCs, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were analyzed. RESULTS In both the training set and validation set, CTCs showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (training set: CTCs 90.6%, CA19-9 90.6%, CEA 65.6%, validation set: CTCs 87.5%, CA19-9 78.1%, CEA 81.2). Regarding non-metastatic PC (cStage I-III, n = 11), CTCs also had the highest diagnostic accuracy among the three markers tested (CTCs: 84.6%, CA19-9:80.7%, CEA 73.0%). CONCLUSIONS A newly developed microfluidic device could diagnose PB cancers by detecting CTCs. This trial was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, no. UMIN000029808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Konno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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24
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Kohada Y, Kaiho Y, Ito J, Mikami J, Anan G, Asano K, Yaegashi T, Murakami K, Nakamura Y, Sato M. Progressive plasmacytoid variant bladder cancer with retroperitoneal dissemination: An autopsy case report. IJU Case Rep 2020; 3:166-169. [PMID: 32914061 PMCID: PMC7469833 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer. CASE PRESENTATION A 75-year-old woman presented with plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma with retroperitoneal dissemination was treated with chemotherapy. After an unsuccessful first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, we assessed circulating tumor cells; one such cell was found to be positive for programmed death-ligand 1. The patient received second-line chemotherapy with pembrolizumab. However, the tumor extended to the retroperitoneal organs, and the patient eventually died. Autopsy revealed a widespread diffuse scirrhous infiltration of the carcinoma into the retroperitoneum. However, distant metastasis was not observed. CONCLUSION The evaluation of circulating tumor cells and autopsy revealed a disease state of progressive plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kohada
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kaiho
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Jun Ito
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Jotaro Mikami
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Go Anan
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of PathologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of PathologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
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25
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Ju JA, Lee CJ, Thompson KN, Ory EC, Lee RM, Mathias TJ, Pratt SJP, Vitolo MI, Jewell CM, Martin SS. Partial thermal imidization of polyelectrolyte multilayer cell tethering surfaces (TetherChip) enables efficient cell capture and microtentacle fixation for circulating tumor cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2872-2888. [PMID: 32744284 PMCID: PMC7595763 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The technical challenges of imaging non-adherent tumor cells pose a critical barrier to understanding tumor cell responses to the non-adherent microenvironments of metastasis, like the bloodstream or lymphatics. In this study, we optimized a microfluidic device (TetherChip) engineered to prevent cell adhesion with an optically-clear, thermal-crosslinked polyelectrolyte multilayer nanosurface and a terminal lipid layer that simultaneously tethers the cell membrane for improved spatial immobilization. Thermal imidization of the TetherChip nanosurface on commercially-available microfluidic slides allows up to 98% of tumor cell capture by the lipid tethers. Importantly, time-lapse microscopy demonstrates that unique microtentacles on non-adherent tumor cells are rapidly destroyed during chemical fixation, but tethering microtentacles to the TetherChip surface efficiently preserves microtentacle structure post-fixation and post-blood isolation. TetherChips remain stable for more than 6 months, enabling shipment to distant sites. The broad retention capability of TetherChips allows comparison of multiple tumor cell types, revealing for the first time that carcinomas beyond breast cancer form microtentacles in suspension. Direct integration of TetherChips into the Vortex VTX-1 CTC isolation instrument shows that live CTCs from blood samples are efficiently captured on TetherChips for rapid fixation and same-day immunofluorescence analysis. Highly efficient and unbiased label-free capture of CTCs on a surface that allows rapid chemical fixation also establishes a streamlined clinical workflow to stabilize patient tumor cell samples and minimize analytical variables. While current studies focus primarily on CTC enumeration, this microfluidic device provides a novel platform for functional phenotype testing in CTCs with the ultimate goal of identifying anti-metastatic, patient-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Ju
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W, Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Chen H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Immunomagnetic separation of circulating tumor cells with microfluidic chips and their clinical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:041502. [PMID: 32849973 PMCID: PMC7440929 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells detached from the original lesion and getting into the blood and lymphatic circulation systems. They potentially establish new tumors in remote areas, namely, metastasis. Isolation of CTCs and following biological molecular analysis facilitate investigating cancer and coming out treatment. Since CTCs carry important information on the primary tumor, they are vital in exploring the mechanism of cancer, metastasis, and diagnosis. However, CTCs are very difficult to separate due to their extreme heterogeneity and rarity in blood. Recently, advanced technologies, such as nanosurfaces, quantum dots, and Raman spectroscopy, have been integrated with microfluidic chips. These achievements enable the next generation isolation technologies and subsequent biological analysis of CTCs. In this review, we summarize CTCs' separation with microfluidic chips based on the principle of immunomagnetic isolation of CTCs. Fundamental insights, clinical applications, and potential future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
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27
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Yee-de León JF, Soto-García B, Aráiz-Hernández D, Delgado-Balderas JR, Esparza M, Aguilar-Avelar C, Wong-Campos JD, Chacón F, López-Hernández JY, González-Treviño AM, Yee-de León JR, Zamora-Mendoza JL, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Gómez-Guerra LS, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Velarde-Calvillo LP, Abarca-Blanco A. Characterization of a novel automated microfiltration device for the efficient isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells from clinical blood samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7543. [PMID: 32372001 PMCID: PMC7200708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may enable a broad range of cancer-related applications, including the identification of acquired drug resistance during treatments. However, the non-scalable fabrication, prolonged sample processing times, and the lack of automation, associated with most of the technologies developed to isolate these rare cells, have impeded their transition into the clinical practice. This work describes a novel membrane-based microfiltration device comprised of a fully automated sample processing unit and a machine-vision-enabled imaging system that allows the efficient isolation and rapid analysis of CTCs from blood. The device performance was characterized using four prostate cancer cell lines, including PC-3, VCaP, DU-145, and LNCaP, obtaining high assay reproducibility and capture efficiencies greater than 93% after processing 7.5 mL blood samples spiked with 100 cancer cells. Cancer cells remained viable after filtration due to the minimal shear stress exerted over cells during the procedure, while the identification of cancer cells by immunostaining was not affected by the number of non-specific events captured on the membrane. We were also able to identify the androgen receptor (AR) point mutation T878A from 7.5 mL blood samples spiked with 50 LNCaP cells using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Finally, CTCs were detected in 8 out of 8 samples from patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer (mean ± SEM = 21 ± 2.957 CTCs/mL, median = 21 CTCs/mL), demonstrating the potential clinical utility of this device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Rolando Delgado-Balderas
- Delee Corp., Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | | | | | - J D Wong-Campos
- Delee Corp., Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario M Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.,Departamento de Mecatrónica e Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Lauro S Gómez-Guerra
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | - Celia N Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
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28
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Wilbrey-Clark A, Roberts K, Teichmann SA. Cell Atlas technologies and insights into tissue architecture. Biochem J 2020; 477:1427-1442. [PMID: 32339226 PMCID: PMC7200628 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since Robert Hooke first described the existence of 'cells' in 1665, scientists have sought to identify and further characterise these fundamental units of life. While our understanding of cell location, morphology and function has expanded greatly; our understanding of cell types and states at the molecular level, and how these function within tissue architecture, is still limited. A greater understanding of our cells could revolutionise basic biology and medicine. Atlasing initiatives like the Human Cell Atlas aim to identify all cell types at the molecular level, including their physical locations, and to make this reference data openly available to the scientific community. This is made possible by a recent technology revolution: both in single-cell molecular profiling, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing, and in spatially resolved methods for assessing gene and protein expression. Here, we review available and upcoming atlasing technologies, the biological insights gained to date and the promise of this field for the future.
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29
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Nakasato T, Kusaka C, Ota M, Hasebe Y, Ueda K, Unoki T, Oshinomi K, Morita J, Maeda Y, Shichijo T, Naoe M, Ogawa Y. A Novel, Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment Method Reduces ARv7 False Positivity in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10030151. [PMID: 32168745 PMCID: PMC7151149 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AR-V7 splice variant is a cause of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, testing for the presence of AR-V7 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows AR-V7 positivity in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the positivity reflects contamination by hematopoietic cells. We tried a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment instrument, using Celsee, to clear hematopoietic cells. METHODS We tested whole blood or Celsee-enriched samples for AR-V7 by RT-PCR, and included samples from 41 CRPC patients undergoing sequential therapy. We evaluated the associations between AR-V7 status and clinical factors. We evaluated factors affecting AR-V7 positivity. RESULTS AR-V7 positivity was lower in Celsee-enriched than in whole blood specimens. AR-V7 and clinical factors did not predict the therapy effectiveness. We found no significant differences in the effectiveness of enzalutamide/abiraterone (Enz/Abi) upon AR-V7 evaluation. All AR-V7 positive patients had resistance to Enz/Abi. Docetaxel (DTX), cabazitaxel (CBZ), and Radium223 treatment showed no significant difference in the treatment effectiveness, regardless of AR-V7 presence. AR-V7 was more frequently positive than Extent of disease (EOD) 2 in cases with bone metastases. CONCLUSION Celsee CTC enrichment suppresses AR-V7 false positivity. All AR-V7 positive patients presented resistance to Enz/Abi. DTX, CBZ, and Radium223 were effective and remain treatment options. AR-V7 positivity should progressively appear in patients with advanced bone metastases.
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30
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Lee MW, Kim GH, Jeon HK, Park SJ. Clinical Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gastric Cancer. Gut Liver 2020; 13:394-401. [PMID: 30970448 PMCID: PMC6622568 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and accurate monitoring of cancer is important for improving clinical outcomes. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical resection specimens are the gold standard for diagnosing gastric cancer and are also useful for selecting therapeutic strategies based on the analysis of genomic/immune parameters. However, these approaches cannot be easily performed because of their invasiveness and because these specimens do not always reflect tumor dynamics and drug sensitivities during therapeutic processes, especially chemotherapy. Accordingly, many researchers have tried to develop noninvasive novel biomarkers that can monitor real-time tumor dynamics for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and prediction of recurrence and therapeutic efficacy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastatic cells that are released from the primary tumors into the blood stream and comprise a crucial step in hematogenous metastasis. CTCs, as a liquid biopsy, have received a considerable amount of attention from researchers since they are easily accessible in peripheral blood, avoiding the invasiveness associated with traditional biopsy techniques; they can also be used to derive clinical information for monitoring disease status. In this review, with respect to CTCs, we summarize the metastatic cascade, detection methods, clinical applications, and prospects for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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31
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Rodriguez-Mateos P, Azevedo NF, Almeida C, Pamme N. FISH and chips: a review of microfluidic platforms for FISH analysis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:373-391. [PMID: 31965296 PMCID: PMC7248050 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows visualization of specific nucleic acid sequences within an intact cell or a tissue section. It is based on molecular recognition between a fluorescently labeled probe that penetrates the cell membrane of a fixed but intact sample and hybridizes to a nucleic acid sequence of interest within the cell, rendering a measurable signal. FISH has been applied to, for example, gene mapping, diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations and identification of pathogens in complex samples as well as detailed studies of cellular structure and function. However, FISH protocols are complex, they comprise of many fixation, incubation and washing steps involving a range of solvents and temperatures and are, thus, generally time consuming and labor intensive. The complexity of the process, the relatively high-priced fluorescent probes and the fairly high-end microscopy needed for readout render the whole process costly and have limited wider uptake of this powerful technique. In recent years, there have been attempts to transfer FISH assay protocols onto microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms, which reduces the required amount of sample and reagents, shortens incubation times and, thus, time to complete the protocol, and finally has the potential for automating the process. Here, we review the wide variety of approaches for lab-on-chip-based FISH that have been demonstrated at proof-of-concept stage, ranging from FISH analysis of immobilized cell layers, and cells trapped in arrays, to FISH on tissue slices. Some researchers have aimed to develop simple devices that interface with existing equipment and workflows, whilst others have aimed to integrate the entire FISH protocol into a fully autonomous FISH on-chip system. Whilst the technical possibilities for FISH on-chip are clearly demonstrated, only a small number of approaches have so far been converted into off-the-shelf products for wider use beyond the research laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.,Biomode SA, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- Biomode SA, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.,INIAV, I.P.-National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila Do Conde, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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32
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Circulating Tumor Cells, the Precursors of Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1220:11-34. [PMID: 32304077 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells offer an unprecedented window into the metastatic cascade, and to some extent can be considered as intermediates in the process of metastasis. They exhibit dynamic oscillations in epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity and provide important opportunities for prognosis, therapy response monitoring, and targeting of metastatic disease. In this manuscript, we review the involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in the early steps of metastasis and what we have learned about its contribution to genomic instability and genetic diversity, tumor progression and therapeutic responses using cell culture, mouse models and circulating tumor cells enriched from patients.
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33
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Zhu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidics for label-free sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Analyst 2020; 145:7103-7124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A review discussing the working principles and performances of label-free CTC sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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34
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Chen H. Capturing and Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells with Wave Microfluidic Chip. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1470-1483. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Vafaei S, Fattahi F, Ebrahimi M, Janani L, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. Common molecular markers between circulating tumor cells and blood exosomes in colorectal cancer: a systematic and analytical review. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8669-8698. [PMID: 31576171 PMCID: PMC6768129 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s219699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, are diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. Appropriate treatment is not applied in a timely manner and nearly 90% of the patients who experience metastasis ultimately die. Timely detection of CRC can increase the five-year survival rate of patients. Existing histopathological and molecular classifications are insufficient for prediction of metastasis, which limits approaches to treatment. Detection of reliable cancer-related biomarkers can improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction and recurrence risk. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes in peripheral blood can be used in a liquid biopsy to assess the status of a tumor. Exosomes are abundant and available in all fluids of the body, have a high half-life and are released by most cells. Tumor-derived exosomes are released from primary tumors or CTCs with selective cargo that represents the overall tumor. The current systematic review highlights new trends and approaches in the detection of CRC biomarkers to determine tumor signatures using CTC and exosomes. When these are combined, they could be used to guide molecular pathology and can revolutionize detection tools. Relevant observational studies published until July 24, 2019 which evaluated the expression of tumor markers in CTCs and exosomes were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science databases. The extracted biomarkers were analyzed using String and EnrichR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ito M, Horimoto Y, Tokuda E, Murakami F, Uomori T, Himuro T, Nakai K, Orihata G, Iijima K, Saito M. Impact of circulating tumour cells on survival of eribulin-treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 36:89. [PMID: 31520329 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical studies have examined circulating tumour cells (CTCs). However, the application of CTCs as a predictive/prognostic marker for breast cancer patients has yet to be established, particularly the selection of suitable markers for detecting CTCs. We recently investigated CTCs, including mesenchymal status, from metastatic breast cancer patients who had received eribulin-based treatment. We found that assessment of both mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs might be important for predicting eribulin responsiveness. In the current study, we followed up the outcomes of these patients after eribulin treatment and investigated the possibility of CTC analysis results serving as prognostic markers for this patient population. Twenty-one patients were enrolled and peripheral blood samples were collected before eribulin-based treatments. CTCs were then examined using a Microfluidic Chip device. CTCs positive for vimentin and pan-cytokeratin were defined as mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was assessed in relation to the number of CTCs and clinicopathological factors. During the observation period, 13 patients (62%) died due to breast cancer and the median OS was 18 months. Patients with high-grade tumours and a high total number of CTCs showed significantly shorter OS than those with low-grade tumours and smaller CTC burdens (p = 0.026 and 0.037, respectively). Patients who received eribulin as the first chemotherapy for metastatic disease showed longer OS (p = 0.006). Our data suggest that determining numbers of both mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs might predict survival for patients receiving eribulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Emi Tokuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Fumi Murakami
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Uomori
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takanori Himuro
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Gotaro Orihata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kotaro Iijima
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Lee J, Park SS, Lee YK, Norton JA, Jeffrey SS. Liquid biopsy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: current status of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1623-1650. [PMID: 31243883 PMCID: PMC6670020 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable biomarkers are required to evaluate and manage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA are shed into blood and can be relatively easily obtained from minimally invasive liquid biopsies for serial assays and characterization, thereby providing a unique potential for early diagnosis, forecasting disease prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response. In this review, we provide an overview of current technologies used to detect circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA and describe recent advances regarding the multiple clinical applications of liquid biopsy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee‐Soo Lee
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Young Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHallym University College of MedicineAnyangKorea
| | - Jeffrey A. Norton
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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Chen K, Dopico P, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Integration of Lateral Filter Arrays with Immunoaffinity for Circulating-Tumor-Cell Isolation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7606-7610. [PMID: 30958635 PMCID: PMC6534423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important biomarker for cancer prognosis and treatment monitoring. However, the heterogeneity of the physical and biological properties of CTCs limits the efficiency of various approaches used to isolate small numbers of CTCs from billions of normal blood cells. To address this challenge, we developed a lateral filter array microfluidic (LFAM) device to integrate size-based separation with immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation. The LFAM device consists of a serpentine main channel, through which most of a sample passes, and an array of lateral filters for CTC isolation. The unique device design produces a two-dimensional flow, which reduces nonspecific, geometric capture of normal cells as typically observed in vertical filters. The LFAM device was further functionalized by immobilizing antibodies that are specific to the target cells. The resulting devices captured pancreatic cancer cells spiked in blood samples with (98.7±1.2) % efficiency and were used to isolate CTCs from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pablo Dopico
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Chen K, Dopico P, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Integration of Lateral Filter Arrays with Immunoaffinity for Circulating‐Tumor‐Cell Isolation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Pablo Dopico
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Burz C, Rosca A, Pop VV, Buiga R, Aldea C, Samasca G, Silaghi C, Sur D, Lupan I, Pricopie A. Liquid biopsy challenge and hope in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:341-348. [PMID: 30943811 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1597708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is an important global health burden marked by a high mortality rate. Medical attention is drawn more often by the new targeted therapies, but also by the concept of liquid biopsy. Tumor's genetic profile is the major indicator of the response to targeted therapies and the risk for metastatic relapse. Therefore, analysis of tumor-linked genetic alterations holds a great importance, both for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Areas covered: The present paper highlights the molecular basis of the liquid biopsy concept and its major clinical applications in colorectal cancer. This consists in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) and is described in manuscripts as an alternative to tissue samples, providing more information about tumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution in dynamic. Expert opinion: Liquid biopsy is an innovative, minimally invasive method which enables real-time monitoring of tumor's genetic heterogeneity, being an important step towards personalized medicine. However, despite the large number of detection methods available, it is necessary to standardize them regarding the blood collection processing and sample storage, analysis in order to be implemented in clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burz
- a Department of Medical Oncology , The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania.,b Department of Immunology and Allergology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Andreea Rosca
- a Department of Medical Oncology , The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Vlad-Vasile Pop
- c Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Rares Buiga
- a Department of Medical Oncology , The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Cornel Aldea
- d Department of Nephrology , Emergency Hospital for Children , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- b Department of Immunology and Allergology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ciprian Silaghi
- e Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Daniel Sur
- a Department of Medical Oncology , The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Iulia Lupan
- f Department of Molecular Biology and Biotehnology , Babeș-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania.,g Department of Molecular Biology , Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Andreea Pricopie
- h Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Paolillo C, Londin E, Fortina P. Single-Cell Genomics. Clin Chem 2019; 65:972-985. [PMID: 30872376 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.283895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell genomics is an approach to investigate cell heterogeneity and to identify new molecular features correlated with clinical outcomes. This approach allows identification of the complexity of cell diversity in a sample without the loss of information that occurs when multicellular or bulk tissue samples are analyzed. CONTENT The first single-cell RNA-sequencing study was published in 2009, and since then many more studies and single-cell sequencing methods have been published. These studies have had a major impact on several fields, including microbiology, neurobiology, cancer, and developmental biology. Recently, improvements in reliability and the development of commercial single-cell isolation platforms are opening the potential of this technology to the clinical laboratory. SUMMARY In this review we provide an overview of the current state of single-cell genomics. We describe opportunities in clinical research and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Paolillo
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Cho H, Kim J, Song H, Sohn KY, Jeon M, Han KH. Microfluidic technologies for circulating tumor cell isolation. Analyst 2019; 143:2936-2970. [PMID: 29796523 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of tumor-related death, and the dispersal of tumor cells through the circulatory system is a critical step in the metastatic process. Early detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is therefore important for early diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment of cancer, enabling favorable clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Accurate and reliable methods for isolating and detecting CTCs are necessary to obtain this clinical information. Over the past two decades, microfluidic technologies have demonstrated great potential for isolating and detecting CTCs from blood. The present paper reviews current advanced microfluidic technologies for isolating CTCs based on various biological and physical principles, and discusses their fundamental advantages and drawbacks for subsequent cellular and molecular assays. Owing to significant genetic heterogeneity among CTCs, microfluidic technologies for isolating individual CTCs have recently been developed. We discuss these single-cell isolation methods, as well as approaches to overcoming the limitations of current microfluidic CTC isolation technologies. Finally, we provide an overview of future innovative microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseok Cho
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea.
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): History, limitations and what to expect from micro-scale FISH? MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Primiceri E, Chiriacò MS, Notarangelo FM, Crocamo A, Ardissino D, Cereda M, Bramanti AP, Bianchessi MA, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Key Enabling Technologies for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3607. [PMID: 30355989 PMCID: PMC6263899 DOI: 10.3390/s18113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major trend in biomedical engineering is the development of reliable, self-contained point-of-care (POC) devices for diagnostics and in-field assays. The new generation of such platforms increasingly addresses the clinical and environmental needs. Moreover, they are becoming more and more integrated with everyday objects, such as smartphones, and their spread among unskilled common people, has the power to improve the quality of life, both in the developed world and in low-resource settings. The future success of these tools will depend on the integration of the relevant key enabling technologies on an industrial scale (microfluidics with microelectronics, highly sensitive detection methods and low-cost materials for easy-to-use tools). Here, recent advances and perspectives will be reviewed across the large spectrum of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Crocamo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Cereda
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l., via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Horimoto Y, Tokuda E, Murakami F, Uomori T, Himuro T, Nakai K, Orihata G, Iijima K, Togo S, Shimizu H, Saito M. Analysis of circulating tumour cell and the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) status during eribulin-based treatment in 22 patients with metastatic breast cancer: a pilot study. J Transl Med 2018; 16:287. [PMID: 30342534 PMCID: PMC6195982 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid biopsy approaches, such as measuring circulating tumour cells (CTCs), have recently been introduced in several clinical studies. However, the development of CTCs as a predictive marker for treatment effects on breast cancer remains an enormous task. We investigated CTCs, including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) status, from metastatic breast cancer patients who had received eribulin-based treatment, which reportedly suppresses EMT as a means of tumour suppression. Our aim was to test the possibility of this method serving as a tool predicting eribulin efficacy. Methods Twenty-two patients were enrolled and peripheral blood samples were collected before eribulin treatment. CTCs were then examined using a Microfluidic Chip device. CTCs positive for vimentin and pan-cytokeratin were defined as mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs, respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical response were assessable in 20 and 18 patients, respectively, in relation to the number of CTCs. Results Numbers of total CTCs were significantly increased in patients with progressive disease during treatment (p = 0.006). Median PFS was 14.6 weeks and patients with more total and mesenchymal CTCs at baseline had significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.0013 and 0.013, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed small number of total baseline CTCs and long disease-free survival to be related to long PFS (p = 0.0004 and 0.020, respectively). Conclusions Our data suggest that determining both mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs at baseline might be a good tool for predicting eribulin responsiveness. Evaluation of mesenchymal CTC can be considered as a parameter in larger studies, while most clinical trials are currently employing only the detection of the epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1663-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Emi Tokuda
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumi Murakami
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Uomori
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takanori Himuro
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Gotaro Orihata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kotaro Iijima
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimizu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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46
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Chen H, Zhang Z. An Inertia-Deformability Hybrid Circulating Tumor Cell Chip: Design, Clinical Test, and Numerical Analysis. J Med Device 2018. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with microfluidic chips hold significance in cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and anti-cancer treatment. The counting of CTCs provides potential tools to evaluate cancer stages as well as treatment progress. However, facing the challenge of rareness in blood, the precise enumeration of CTCs is challenging. In the present research, we designed an inertial-deformability hybrid microfluidic chip using a long spiral channel with trapezoid-circular pillars and a capture zone. To clinically validate the device, the microfluidic chip has been tested for the whole blood and lysed blood with a small number of CTCs (colorectal and nonsmall-cell lung cancer) spiked in. The capture efficiency reaches over 90% for three types of cancer cell lines at the flow rate of 1.5 mL/h. Following numerical modeling was conducted to explain the working principle and working condition (Reynolds number below 10 and Dean number around 1). This design extended the effective capture length, improved the capture efficiency, and made the CTC enumeration much easier. We believe that this hybrid chip is promising clinically in the CTCs enumeration, evaluation of cancer therapy, and pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
- Division of Nanobionic Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Mem. ASME Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802 e-mails:
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Khetani S, Mohammadi M, Nezhad AS. Filter-based isolation, enrichment, and characterization of circulating tumor cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2504-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Khetani
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
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48
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Huber D, Kaigala GV. Rapid micro fluorescence in situ hybridization in tissue sections. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042212. [PMID: 29887936 PMCID: PMC5976495 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a micro fluorescence in situ hybridization (μFISH)-based rapid detection of cytogenetic biomarkers on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. We demonstrated this method in the context of detecting human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) in breast tissue sections. This method uses a non-contact microfluidic scanning probe (MFP), which localizes FISH probes at the micrometer length-scale to selected cells of the tissue section. The scanning ability of the MFP allows for a versatile implementation of FISH on tissue sections. We demonstrated the use of oligonucleotide FISH probes in ethylene carbonate-based buffer enabling rapid hybridization within <1 min for chromosome enumeration and 10-15 min for assessment of the HER2 status in FFPE sections. We further demonstrated recycling of FISH probes for multiple sequential tests using a defined volume of probes by forming hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinements. This microscale method is compatible with the standard FISH protocols and with the Instant Quality FISH assay and reduces the FISH probe consumption ∼100-fold and the hybridization time 4-fold, resulting in an assay turnaround time of <3 h. We believe that rapid μFISH has the potential of being used in pathology workflows as a standalone method or in combination with other molecular methods for diagnostic and prognostic analysis of FFPE sections.
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Norcic G. Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer-Current Status and Potential Clinical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9060300. [PMID: 30424233 PMCID: PMC6187650 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent solid malignancies worldwide. The treatment is either surgical or multimodal and depends on the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Accurate disease assessment is thus of great importance for choosing the most optimal treatment strategy. However, the standard means of disease assessment by radiological imaging or histopathological analysis of the removed tumor tissue lack the sensitivity in detecting the early systemic spread of the disease. To overcome this deficiency, the concept of liquid biopsy from the peripheral blood of patients has emerged as a new, very promising diagnostic tool. In this article, we provide an overview of the current status of clinical research on liquid biopsy in colorectal cancer. We also highlight the clinical situations in which the concept might be of the greatest benefit for the management of colorectal cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Norcic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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Burz C, Pop VV, Buiga R, Daniel S, Samasca G, Aldea C, Lupan I. Circulating tumor cells in clinical research and monitoring patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24561-24571. [PMID: 29849961 PMCID: PMC5966258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a frequent disease to which screening and target therapy exist, but despite this is still marked by a high mortality rate. Even though radical surgery may be performed in many cases, patients relapse with metastatic disease. Circulating tumor cells were incriminated for tumor recurrence, that's why vigorous research started on their field. Owning prognostic and predictive value, it was revealed their usefulness in disease monitoring. Moreover, they may serve as liquid biopsies for genetic tests in cases where tissue biopsy is contraindicated or cannot be performed. In spite of these advantages, they were not included in clinical guidelines, despite CellSearch and many other detection methods were developed to ease the identification of circulating tumor cells. This review highlights the implication of circulating tumor cells in metastasis cascade, intrinsic tumor cells mechanisms and correlations with clinical parameters along with their utility for medical practice and detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burz
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Vasile Pop
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Buiga
- Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sur Daniel
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Aldea
- Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotehnology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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