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Shan L, Xu K, Ji L, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Hu Q, Wu J, Xu Y, Luo Y, Li C, Wu C, Jiang C, Wang Z. Injured sensory neurons-derived galectin-3 contributes to neuropathic pain via programming microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:80-99. [PMID: 38190982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have demonstrated spinal microglia play a critical role in central sensitization and contribute to chronic pain. Although several mediators that contribute to microglia activation have been identified, the mechanism of microglia activation and its functionally diversified mechanisms in pathological pain are still unclear. Here we report that injured sensory neurons-derived Galectin-3 (Gal3) activates and reprograms microglia in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and contributes to neuropathic pain. Firstly, Gal3 is predominantly expressed in the isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive non-peptidergic sensory neurons and significantly up-regulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and primary afferent terminals in SDH in the partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL)-induced neuropathic pain model. Gal3 knockout (Gal3 KO) mice showed a significant decrease in mechanical allodynia and Gal3 inhibitor TD-139 produced a significant anti-allodynia effect in the pSNL model. Furthermore, pSNL-induced microgliosis was compromised in Gal3 KO mice. Additionally, intrathecal injection of Gal3 produces remarkable mechanical allodynia by direct activation of microglia, which have enhanced inflammatory responses with TNF-α and IL-1β up-regulation. Thirdly, using single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identified that Gal3 targets microglia and induces reprogramming of microglia, which may contribute to neuropathic pain establishment. Finally, Gal3 enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in excitatory neurons in the SDH via microglia activation. Our findings reveal that injured sensory neurons-derived Gal3 programs microglia in the SDH and contribute to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Shan
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kangtai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Luyao Ji
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiaodan Hu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuanfan Xu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuhui Luo
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Xiao H, Wang T, Gao B, Liu J, Li S, Ma J. The effects of a galectin-3 inhibitor on bladder pain syndrome in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:754-766. [PMID: 38356381 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effect of blocking galectin-3 in the bladder pain syndrome associated with interstitial cystitis. METHODS A galectin-3 inhibitor was used to treat mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. The expression of galectin-3 in bladder tissues and urine was examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Suprapubic-pelvic pain, bladder voiding, bladder pain-like nociceptive behavior, and referred hyperalgesia were assessed. The weights of the bladders were also measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine levels were examined by histopathological evaluation. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Increases in galectin-3 levels, inflammation, bladder weight, and bladder pain-related symptoms were observed in bladders with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Administration of the galectin-3 inhibitor significantly mitigated bladder pain-related symptoms and inflammatory response. In response to the 500 μM dose of the galectin-3 inhibitor, nociceptive behaviors, nociceptive score, and bladder-to-body weight ratios were reduced by 65.1%, 65.3%, and 40.3%, respectively, while 500 μM Gal-3 inhibitor increased pelvic pain threshold by 86.7%. Moreover, galectin-3 inhibitor treatment inhibited the inflammation. Compared to untreated CYP-induced mice, there were significant changes in the levels of IL-1β (41.72 ± 2.05 vs. 18.91 ± 2.26 pg/mg tissues), NGF (9.64 ± 0.38 vs. 1.88 ± 0.05 pg/mg tissues), IL-6 (42.67 + 1.51 vs. 21.26 + 2.78 pg/mg tissues, and TNF-α (22.02 ± 1.08 vs. 10.70 ± 0.80 pg/mg tissues) in response to the highest dose of the Gal-3 inhibitor subgroup (500 μM), and 500 μM Gal-3 inhibitor reduced mast cell infiltration ratios by 71.8%. CONCLUSIONS The galectin-3 inhibitor relieved pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and bladder inflammation in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Thus, galectin-3 inhibitors may be novel agents in interstitial cystitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shoubin Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Tonyan S, Pospelova M, Krasnikova V, Fionik O, Alekseeva T, Samochernykh K, Ivanova N, Vavilova T, Vasilieva E, Makhanova A, Nikolaeva A, Bukkieva T, Combs S, Shevtsov M. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as a Potential Biomarker of the Peripheral Nervous System Damage Following Breast Cancer Treatment. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:110-122. [PMID: 37092524 PMCID: PMC10123681 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a common complication of breast cancer (BC) treatment, with 60 to 80% of breast cancer survivors experiencing symptoms of PNS damage. In the current study, the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were measured in the blood serum of BC patients by ELISA as potential biomarkers that might indicate the PNS damage. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled in this multi-center trial and compared to the aged-matched healthy female volunteers (control group) (n = 25). Intergroup comparison of biomarker levels (i.e., Gal-3 and BDNF) did not show significant differences in any of the studied subgroups. However, intriguingly, NT-3 levels were significantly higher in BC patients as compared to healthy volunteers, constituting 14.85 [10.3; 18.0] and 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, NT-3 might be employed as a potential biomarker in BC patients with clinical manifestations of PNS damage. However, further studies to validate its correlation to the degree of peripheral nervous system lesions are of high value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvel Tonyan
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Pospelova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Varvara Krasnikova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Fionik
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Alekseeva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin Samochernykh
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliya Ivanova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vavilova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Albina Makhanova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolaeva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Bukkieva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephanie Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Mahmoud HA, Horany HEE, Aboalsoud M, Abd-Ellatif RN, Sheikh AAE, Aboalsoud A. Targeting Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis by Quercetin to Ameliorate Cisplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:107-114. [PMID: 37448816 PMCID: PMC10337675 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_78_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin is a flavonoid, with antioxidant and autophagy-modulating activities. Cisplatin is one of the platinum-based anticancer drugs. Early development of peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect of cisplatin interferes with the continuation of therapy. Oxidative stress and autophagy impairment may play a role. Aim This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of quercetin against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (control group) and Group 2 (cisplatin group) where peripheral neuropathy was induced using single ip injection of cisplatin. Group 3 (cisplatin + quercetin group) received single ip injection of cisplatin and was then treated with quercetin for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, nociception was evaluated by tail immersion test, and then, blood was collected for analysis of nerve growth factor. Sciatic nerve was used to assess histopathological changes and light chain 3-II by immunohistochemical staining. Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, mTOR, and caspase-3 were estimated in sciatic nerve tissue homogenate. Results This research work revealed that quercetin significantly improved cisplatin-induced nociceptive impairment, attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis to protect against neuronal death. Conclusion From the current study, quercetin can act as a promising protective agent against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hemat E. El Horany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hail University, Hail, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Aboalsoud
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Ahmed El Sheikh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshimaa Aboalsoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles carrying miR-99b-3p restrain microglial activation and neuropathic pain by stimulating autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109695. [PMID: 36638658 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a complex condition that seriously affects human quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) and try to discover new targets for alleviating neuropathic pain. Extracellular vesicles were isolated and identified via ultracentrifugation. BV-2 microglial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of MSC-EVs. Further, microglial activation and neuroinflammation were evaluated by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and ELISA. High-throughput sequencing analysis was performed to reveal the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in BV-2 microglia. Autophagy-related regulators were assessed by Western blotting and Immunofluorescence staining. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was used to induce neuropathic pain in rats, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured. High-throughput sequencing analysis identified 17 DE miRNAs, which were mainly enriched in PI3K-AKT and mTOR signaling pathways. MSC-EVs inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated microglia. Moreover, MSC-EVs treatment enhanced the autophagy level in activated microglia, whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reversed the suppressing effects of MSC-EVs on microglial activation and neuroinflammation. The MSC-EV-mediated transfer of miR-99b-3p was verified to promote microglial autophagy, and miR-99b-3p overexpression suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in activated microglia. During in vivo studies, intrathecal injection of MSC-EVs significantly up-regulated the expression of miR-99b-3p, and alleviated mechanical allodynia caused by activated microglia in the spinal cord dorsal horn of CCI rats. Moreover, MSC-EVs treatment repaired CCI-induced autophagic impairment by stimulating autophagy in the spinal cord. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that MSC-EVs had an analgesic effect on neuropathic pain via promoting autophagy, and these antinociceptive effects were at least in part caused by MSC-EV-mediated transfer of miR-99b-3p, thereby inhibiting microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression.
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A Review on Autophagy in Orofacial Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233842. [PMID: 36497100 PMCID: PMC9735968 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial neuropathic pain indicates pain caused by a lesion or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system. It is challenging for the clinician to diagnose and manage orofacial neuropathic pain conditions due to the considerable variability between individual clinical presentations and a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying the etiology and pathogenesis. In the last few decades, researchers have developed diagnostic criteria, questionnaires, and clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis of orofacial neuropathic pain. Recently, researchers have observed the role of autophagy in neuronal dysfunction as well as in the modulation of neuropathic pain. On this basis, in the present review, we highlight the characteristics, classification, and clinical assessment of orofacial neuropathic pain. Additionally, we introduce autophagy and its potential role in the modulation of orofacial neuropathic pain, along with a brief overview of the pathogenesis, which in future may reveal new possible targets for treating this condition.
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Ge MM, Chen N, Zhou YQ, Yang H, Tian YK, Ye DW. Galectin-3 in Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation: Implications for Central Nervous System Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2066-2080. [PMID: 35105290 PMCID: PMC9886847 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220201094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is one of the common hallmarks shared by various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Based on surrounding circumstances, activated microglia play either detrimental or neuroprotective effects. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins, has been cumulatively revealed to be a crucial biomarker for microglial activation after injuries or diseases. In consideration of the important role of Gal-3 in the regulation of microglial activation, it might be a potential target for the treatment of CNS diseases. Recently, Gal-3 expression has been extensively investigated in numerous pathological processes as a mediator of neuroinflammation, as well as in cell proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms of Gal-3 involved in microgliamediated neuroinflammation in various CNS diseases remain to be further investigated. Moreover, several clinical studies support that the levels of Gal-3 are increased in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid of patients with CNS diseases. Thus, we summarized the roles and underlying mechanisms of Gal-3 in activated microglia, thus providing a better insight into its complexity expression pattern, and contrasting functions in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. E-mail: ., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. E-mail:
| | - Da-Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China; ,Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. E-mail: ., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. E-mail:
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Efficacy of Internal Heat Acupuncture Combined with High-Voltage Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency on Subacute Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Study. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:2180214. [PMID: 35719198 PMCID: PMC9205724 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2180214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims at investigating the internal heat acupuncture (IHA) combined with the high-voltage long-duration pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapeutic effect on subacute postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods This retrospective study comprised 81 cases with PHN. They were divided into three groups: IHA combined with the high-voltage long-duration PRF group (IHA-PRF), intradermal injection combined with the high-voltage long-duration PRF group (II-PRF), and the high-voltage long-duration PRF group. The pain numerical rating score (NRS), IL-6, Gal-3, and blood glucose levels were recorded before and after treatment. Results Compared with before treatment, NRS scores of the three groups were all decreased at each time point. NRS scores of the IHA-PRF group patients decreased significantly in comparison to the PRF group at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks following treatment, while group II-PRF only decreased significantly at one week following treatment. Compared with groups II-PRF and PRF, respectively, IL-6 and Gal-3 levels in plasma of patients in group IHA-PRF were significantly decreased at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. The effective rate of group IHA-PRF was 88.9%, which was considerably more than the other groups, II-PRF (63.0%) and PRF (63.0%). Compared with group II-PRF, patients' blood glucose levels in IHA-PRF and PRF groups significantly decreased three days and one week after treatment. Conclusion Internal heat acupuncture combined with high-voltage long-duration pulsed radiofrequency has a satisfactory therapeutic effect on subacute PHN and has no obvious adverse reactions, which is especially suitable for patients with poor blood glucose control.
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Fiore NT, Yin Z, Guneykaya D, Gauthier CD, Hayes J, D’hary A, Butovsky O, Moalem-Taylor G. Sex-specific transcriptome of spinal microglia in neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2022; 70:675-696. [PMID: 35050555 PMCID: PMC8852349 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and debilitating chronic disease that is characterized by activation in glial cells in various pain-related regions within the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of microglia in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rodents. Here, we utilized RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro primary cultures of microglia to identify whether there is a common neuropathic microglial signature and characterize the sex differences in microglia in pain-related regions in nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy mouse models. While mechanical allodynia and behavioral changes were observed in all models, transcriptomic analysis of microglia revealed no common transcriptional changes in spinal and supraspinal regions and in the different neuropathic models. However, there was a substantial change in microglial gene expression within the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord 7 days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Both sexes upregulated genes associated with inflammation, phagosome, and lysosome activation, though males revealed a prominent global transcriptional shift not observed in female mice. Transcriptomic comparison between male spinal microglia after CCI and data from other nerve injury models and neurodegenerative microglia demonstrated a unique CCI-induced signature reflecting acute activation of microglia. Further, in vitro studies revealed that only male microglia from nerve-injured mice developed a reactive phenotype with increased phagocytotic activity. This study demonstrates a lack of a common neuropathic microglial signature and indicates distinct sex differences in spinal microglia, suggesting they contribute to the sex-specific pain processing following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Fiore
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian D Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron D’hary
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: A/Prof. Gila Moalem-Taylor, Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, Wallace Wurth Building, Level 3, room 355B, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, +61-2-90658014,
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10
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Liao MF, Lu KT, Hsu JL, Lee CH, Cheng MY, Ro LS. The Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Neuropathic Pain Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2685. [PMID: 35269822 PMCID: PMC8910267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain indicates pain caused by damage to the somatosensory system and is difficult to manage and treat. A new treatment strategy urgently needs to be developed. Both autophagy and apoptosis are critical adaptive mechanisms when neurons encounter stress or damage. Recent studies have shown that, after nerve damage, both autophagic and apoptotic activities in the injured nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal dorsal horn change over time. Many studies have shown that upregulated autophagic activities may help myelin clearance, promote nerve regeneration, and attenuate pain behavior. On the other hand, there is no direct evidence that the inhibition of apoptotic activities in the injured neurons can attenuate pain behavior. Most studies have only shown that agents can simultaneously attenuate pain behavior and inhibit apoptotic activities in the injured dorsal root ganglia. Autophagy and apoptosis can crosstalk with each other through various proteins and proinflammatory cytokine expressions. Proinflammatory cytokines can promote both autophagic/apoptotic activities and neuropathic pain formation, whereas autophagy can inhibit proinflammatory cytokine activities and further attenuate pain behaviors. Thus, agents that can enhance autophagic activities but suppress apoptotic activities on the injured nerve and dorsal root ganglia can treat neuropathic pain. Here, we summarized the evolving changes in apoptotic and autophagic activities in the injured nerve, dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and brain after nerve damage. This review may help in further understanding the treatment strategy for neuropathic pain during nerve injury by modulating apoptotic/autophagic activities and proinflammatory cytokines in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Liao
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Kwok-Tung Lu
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hong Lee
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Mei-Yun Cheng
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
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Kuo PJ, Rau CS, Wu SC, Lin CW, Huang LH, Lu TH, Wu YC, Wu CJ, Tsai CW, Hsieh CH. Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Following FK506 Stimulation Reduce Autophagy of Macrophages in Spine after Nerve Crush Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9628. [PMID: 34502537 PMCID: PMC8431814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages emerge in the milieu around innervated neurons after nerve injuries. Following nerve injury, autophagy is induced in macrophages and affects the regulation of inflammatory responses. It is closely linked to neuroinflammation, while the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506) enhances nerve regeneration following nerve crush injury and nerve allotransplantation with additional neuroprotective and neurotrophic functions. The combined use of FK506 and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was employed in cell therapy for organ transplantation and vascularized composite allotransplantation. This study aimed to investigate the topical application of exosomes secreted by ADSCs following FK506 treatment (ADSC-F-exo) to the injured nerve in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury. Furthermore, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to profile the potential exosomal proteins involved in autophagy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that nerve crush injuries significantly induced autophagy in the dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn of the spinal segments. Locally applied ADSC-F-exo significantly reduced autophagy of macrophages in the spinal segments after nerve crush injury. Proteomic analysis showed that of the 22 abundant exosomal proteins detected in ADSC-F-exo, heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) are involved in exosome-mediated autophagy reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Jen Kuo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-S.R.); (L.-H.H.)
| | - Shao-Chun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-S.R.); (L.-H.H.)
| | - Tsu-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Yi-Chan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (T.-H.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou 33333, Taiwan
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Yazar T, Olgun Yazar H, Cihan M. Evaluation of serum galectin-3 levels at Alzheimer patients by stages: a preliminary report. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:949-954. [PMID: 32852752 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neuroinflammation has a critic role in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The activation of microglia is the main actor in this process. The aim of this study to collect data on the role of microglial activation in the etiology, and the possible continuum at the stage of disease through the evaluation of serum galectin-3 levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This was a prospective and cross-sectional study conducted on patients who were diagnosed as having AD using the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) and stages determined with the scales of Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with healthy controls. RESULTS In our study, we studied 118 people, 57 with AD and 61 healthy people as a control group. In the AD patient group, serum galectin-3 levels were higher compared with the control group (p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in either group in other collected parameters (p > 0.05). It was observed that in all patients with AD, parallel to the stage of the disease, serum galectin-3 levels, patience's age, and duration of disease were statically and significantly increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum galactin-3 levels may be associated with AD and maybe a potential biomarker for the identification of disease in the early stages. In future years, serum galectin-3 levels may become an important biomarker and therapeutic agent for chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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A translational study of Galectin-3 as an early biomarker and potential therapeutic target for ischemic-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury. J Crit Care 2021; 65:192-199. [PMID: 34225083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a potential early biomarker of acute kidney disease (AKI), and the effect of Gal-3 inhibition by modified citrus pectin (P-MCP) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced AKI. METHODS Among fifty-two post-cardiac surgery patients, serum and urine Gal-3 levels were examined on intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In a rat renal I/R injury model, Gal-3 levels, renal function, and histopathology were evaluated in rats pretreated with P-MCP for one week (n = 16) compared to controls (n = 16). RESULTS Among post-cardiac surgery patients, median serum and urine Gal-3 levels on ICU admission were higher in patients who developed AKI than those who did not (AKI vs non-AKI serum: 18.37 vs. 8.08 ng/ml, p < 0.001; AKI vs non-AKI urine:13.27 vs. 6.27 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Serum and urine Gal-3 levels were reliable biomarkers for detecting AKI (AUC: 0.88 and 0.87). In the rat renal I/R injury model, I/R caused an increase of Gal-3 at 0.5 h after reperfusion (p < 0.05). Gal-3 inhibition by P-MCP significantly decreased Gal-3 release and expression (p < 0.05), reduced interleukin (IL-6) release (p < 0.05), decreased renal dysfunction, and reduced renal tubular injury. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 is a potential early biomarker in the diagnosis of AKI. Inhibition of Gal-3 may provide therapeutic utility in the treatment of I/R-induced AKI.
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IKBKB siRNA-Encapsulated Poly (Lactic- co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Diminish Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Microglial Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115657. [PMID: 34073390 PMCID: PMC8203094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in microglia plays a decisive role in the progress of neuropathic pain, and the inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) is a protein that blocks the activation of NF-κB and is degraded by the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit beta (IKBKB). The role of IKBKB is to break down IκB, which blocks the activity of NF-kB. Therefore, it prevents the activity of NK-kB. This study investigated whether neuropathic pain can be reduced in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats by reducing the activity of microglia by delivering IKBKB small interfering RNA (siRNA)-encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles, as a carrier for the delivery of IKBKB genes silencer, were used because they have shown potential to enhance microglial targeting. SNL rats were injected with IKBKB siRNA-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles intrathecally for behavioral tests on pain response. IKBKB siRNA was delivered for suppressing the expression of IKBKB. In rats injected with IKBKB siRNA-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles, allodynia caused by mechanical stimulation was reduced, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators due to NF-κB was reduced. Delivering IKBKB siRNA through PLGA nanoparticles can effectively control the inflammatory response and is worth studying as a treatment for neuropathic pain.
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Liao MF, Yeh SR, Lu KT, Hsu JL, Chao PK, Hsu HC, Peng CH, Lee YL, Hung YH, Ro LS. Interactions between Autophagy, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Apoptosis in Neuropathic Pain: Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor as a Multipotent Therapy in Rats with Chronic Constriction Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050542. [PMID: 34066206 PMCID: PMC8151381 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that early systemic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment can attenuate neuropathic pain in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) by modulating expression of different proinflammatory cytokines, microRNAs, and proteins. Besides the modulation of inflammatory mediators' expression, previous studies have also reported that G-CSF can modulate autophagic and apoptotic activity. Furthermore, both autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in chronic pain modulation. In this study, we evaluated the temporal interactions of autophagy, and apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and injured sciatic nerve after G-CSF treatment in CCI rats. We studied the behaviors of CCI rats with or without G-CSF treatment and the various levels of autophagic, proinflammatory, and apoptotic proteins in injured sciatic nerves and DRG neurons at different time points using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that G-CSF treatment upregulated autophagic protein expression in the early phase and suppressed apoptotic protein expression in the late phase after nerve injury. Thus, medication such as G-CSF can modulate autophagy, apoptosis, and different proinflammatory proteins in the injured sciatic nerve and DRG neurons, which have the potential to treat neuropathic pain. However, autophagy-mediated regulation of neuropathic pain is a time-dependent process. An increase in autophagic activity in the early phase before proinflammatory cytokines reach the threshold level to induce neuropathic pain can effectively alleviate further neuropathic pain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Liao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Rung Yeh
- College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Kwok-Tung Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine and Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23561, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kuan Chao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Division of Chinese Acupuncture and Traumatology, Chang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Chi-Hao Peng
- Division of Chinese Acupuncture and Traumatology, Chang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Yun-Lin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yu-Hui Hung
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taipei 33305, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8351)
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Associations of Small Fiber Neuropathy with Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Arterial Stiffness in Hemodialysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2020:1694218. [PMID: 32509039 PMCID: PMC7254095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1694218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological complication in uremic patients, and quantitative sensory testing (QST) is effective for diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy. Malnutrition and arterial stiffness are prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The associations of small fiber neuropathy with nutritional status and arterial stiffness remain uncertain in maintenance HD patients. METHODS A total of 152 HD patients were included. Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), an indicator of nutritional status, was calculated by serum albumin and actual and ideal body weight. Arterial stiffness was defined as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) > 1400 cm/s. Small fiber neuropathy was assessed by an abnormal QST threshold of cold and warm sensation in patients' hands or feet. Multivariate forward logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations among abnormal QST threshold, GNRI, and arterial stiffness. RESULTS baPWV and prevalence of abnormal QST threshold were significantly higher in diabetic patients. Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that older age (OR, 1.081; 95% CI, 1.026-1.139, p = 0.003) and male gender (OR, 4.450; 95% CI, 1.250-15.836, p = 0.021) were associated with abnormal warm threshold of hands. Furthermore, diabetes (OR, 3.966; 95% CI, 1.351-11.819, p = 0.012) and lower GNRI (per 1 unit increase, OR, 0.935, 95% CI, 0.887-0.985, p = 0.012) were associated with abnormal cold threshold of feet. Arterial stiffness (OR, 5.479, 95% CI, 1.132-22.870, p = 0.020) and higher calcium-phosphorus product (OR, 1.071, 95% CI, 1.013-1.132, p = 0.015) were associated with abnormal warm threshold of feet. CONCLUSIONS Lower GNRI and arterial stiffness were significantly associated with small fiber neuropathy in patients undergoing HD. Malnutrition risk and vascular factors might play important roles in small fiber neuropathy among patients undergoing HD.
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Cheng XQ, Xu WJ, Ding X, Han GH, Wei S, Liu P, Meng HY, Shang AJ, Wang Y, Wang AY. Bioinformatic analysis of cytokine expression in the proximal and distal nerve stumps after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:878-884. [PMID: 33229723 PMCID: PMC8178785 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we investigated the dynamic expression of cytokines in the distal nerve stumps after peripheral nerve injury using microarray analysis, which can characterize the dynamic expression of proteins. In the present study, we used a rat model of right sciatic nerve transection to examine changes in the expression of cytokines at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after injury using protein microarray analysis. Interleukins were increased in the distal nerve stumps at 1-14 days post nerve transection. However, growth factors and growth factor-related proteins were mainly upregulated in the proximal nerve stumps. The P-values of the inflammatory response, apoptotic response and cell-cell adhesion in the distal stumps were higher than those in the proximal nerve stumps, but the opposite was observed for angiogenesis. The number of cytokines related to axons in the distal stumps was greater than that in the proximal stumps, while the percentage of cytokines related to axons in the distal stumps was lower than that in the proximal nerve stumps. Visualization of the results revealed the specific expression patterns and differences in cytokines in and between the proximal and distal nerve stumps. Our findings offer potential therapeutic targets and should help advance the development of clinical treatments for peripheral nerve injury. Approval for animal use in this study was obtained from the Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital on September 7, 2016 (approval No. 2016-x9-07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Cheng
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gong-Hai Han
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Ye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Jia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ai-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sun L, Sun M, Ma K, Liu J. Let-7d-5p suppresses inflammatory response in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis via LGALS3-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C967-C979. [PMID: 32667865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00571.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute intestinal condition accounting for severe mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. This study aimed to identify the possible roles of let-7d-5p in neonatal rats with NEC. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NEC were initially screened in silico. After establishment of NEC rat models, measurement of the expression of let-7d-5p, galectin-3 (LGALS3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was conducted. The interaction between let-7d-5p and LGALS3 or argonaute-2 (AGO2) was identified. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were then performed in an attempt to investigate the regulatory roles of let-7d-5p and LGALS3 in inflammation and cell apoptosis in NEC neonatal rats. Let-7d-5p was poorly expressed, whereas LGALS3, TLR4, and NF-κB were highly expressed, in the intestinal tissues of NEC rats. Overexpression of let-7d-5p resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory factors in the intestinal tissues of NEC rats. Through sequential experimentation, let-7d-5p was identified to target LGALS3 and bind to AGO2. In addition, LGALS3 silencing or LPS treatment blocked the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby suppressing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation in NEC. Collectively, let-7d-5p might exercise its inhibitory properties in the inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in NEC neonatal rats via inactivation of the LGALS3-dependent TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Sun
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Yin Q, Chen J, Ma S, Dong C, Zhang Y, Hou X, Li S, Liu B. Pharmacological Inhibition of Galectin-3 Ameliorates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:533-542. [PMID: 32982368 PMCID: PMC7508034 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s273858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In diabetes, cognitive impairment is linked with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. As the only chimeric member of the galectin family, galectin-3 (Gal3) induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, its role in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment is not established. Methodology Here, we investigated the effects of Gal3 inhibition on cognitive impairment and the possible underlying molecular events in diabetes. We investigated the effects of the Gal3 inhibitor modified citrus pectin (MCP; 100 mg/kg/day oral for 6 weeks) in vivo in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, the effects of MCP on high glucose (HG)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells were investigated in vitro. Results We found that MCP attenuated memory impairment in diabetic rats in the Morris water maze test and reduced insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In HG-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells, MCP increased cell viability and decreased oxidative stress and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the inhibition of Gal3 by MCP ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, suggesting that Gal3 could be a potential new target for therapeutic intervention to prevent cognitive impairment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfang Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunyao Hou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangbin Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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20
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CX3CR1-Targeted PLGA Nanoparticles Reduce Microglia Activation and Pain Behavior in Rats with Spinal Nerve Ligation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103469. [PMID: 32423102 PMCID: PMC7279022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of CX3CR1 in microglia plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we investigated whether neuropathic pain could be attenuated in spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced rats by reducing microglial activation through the use of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-encapsulated CX3CR1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles. After confirming the efficacy and specificity of CX3CR1 siRNA, as evidenced by its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells in vitro, PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication using the conventional double emulsion (W/O/W) method and administered intrathecally into SNL rats. CX3CR1 siRNA-treated rats exhibited significant reductions in the activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn and a downregulation of proinflammatory mediators, as well as a significant attenuation of mechanical allodynia. These data indicate that the PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles effectively reduce neuropathic pain in SNL-induced rats by reducing microglial activity and the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Therefore, we believe that PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles represent a valuable new treatment option for neuropathic pain.
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21
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Shin N, Shin HJ, Yi Y, Beom J, Lee W, Lee CH, Kim DW. p66shc siRNA-Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Nerve Ligation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051014. [PMID: 32365512 PMCID: PMC7284875 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p66shc, a member of the shc adaptor protein family, has been shown to participate in regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagosome formation. The present study was performed to investigate whether p66shc siRNA-encapsulated poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (p66shc siRNA-PLGA NPs) can attenuate spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The SNL-induced pain behavior was decreased in the p66shc siRNA-PLGA NP-treated group compared with the scrambled siRNA-PLGA NP-treated group. In the L5 spinal cord of the p66shc siRNA-PLGA NP-treated group, expression levels of phosphorylated p66shc, cleaved caspase-3, p62, and PINK1, as well as microglial activation, were also decreased. In addition, p66shc knockdown using p66shc siRNA reduced the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, p62, and PINK1, as well as proinflammatory mediators in the H2O2-treated HT22 neuronal cells. These results suggest that downregulation of p66shc expression in the spinal cord using p66shc siRNA-PLGA NPs could reduce the SNL-induced neuropathic pain by attenuating the SNL-induced aberrant autophagic, mitophagic, and neuroinflammatory processes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University and Gangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea
| | - Jaewon Beom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Wonhyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (D.W.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1441 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-580-8201 (D.W.K.); Fax: +82-41-559-7899 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-586-4800 (D.W.K.)
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (D.W.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1441 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-580-8201 (D.W.K.); Fax: +82-41-559-7899 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-586-4800 (D.W.K.)
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22
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Phạm TL, Yin Y, Kwon HH, Shin N, Kim SI, Park H, Shin J, Shin HJ, Hwang JA, Song HJ, Kim SR, Lee JH, Hwang PTJ, Jun HW, Kim DW. miRNA 146a-5p-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles impair pain behaviors by inhibiting multiple inflammatory pathways in microglia. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1113-1126. [PMID: 32292108 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We investigated whether miRNA (miR) 146a-5p-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) can attenuate neuropathic pain behaviors in the rat spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain model by inhibiting activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in spinal microglia. Materials & methods: After NP preparation, miR NPs were assessed for their physical characteristics and then injected intrathecally into the spinal cords of rat spinal nerve ligation rats to test their analgesic effects. Results: miR NPs reduced pain behaviors for 11 days by negatively regulating the inflammatory response in spinal microglia. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effects of miR 146a-5p along with nanoparticle-based materials make miR NPs promising tools for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anesthesia, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Patrick T J Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
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23
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The Role of Galectin-3 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Study. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2020; 127:65-68. [PMID: 31407065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04615-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), combined morbidity and mortality rate in SAH patients accounted for greater than 50%. Many prognostic factors have been reported including delayed cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm-induced infarction, and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus as potentially preventable or treatable causes. Recent experimental studies emphasize that early brain injury, a concept to explain acute pathophysiological events that occur in brain before onset of cerebral vasospasm within the first 72 h of SAH, may be more important than cerebral vasospasm, a classically important determinant of poor outcome, in post-SAH outcome. Galectin-3 is known for one of matricellular proteins and a mediator of inflammation in the central nervous system. Galectin-3 was also reported to contribute to poor outcomes in SAH patients, but the role of galectin-3 after SAH has not been determined. We produced experimental SAH mice, of which the top of the internal carotid artery was perforated by 4-0 monofilament, and evaluated effects of a galectin-3 inhibitor. We assessed neurological scores and brain water content at 24 h. The administration of a galectin-3 inhibitor significantly ameliorated brain edema and neuronal score in experimental SAH mice.
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24
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Nishikawa H, Liu L, Nakano F, Kawakita F, Kanamaru H, Nakatsuka Y, Okada T, Suzuki H. Modified Citrus Pectin Prevents Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Mouse Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Galectin-3. Stroke 2019; 49:2743-2751. [PMID: 30355205 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Plasma levels of galectin-3-a matricellular protein-are increased after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the functional significance remains undetermined. This study was conducted to evaluate whether modified citrus pectin (MCP; galectin-3 inhibitor) prevents post-SAH early brain injury, focusing on blood-brain barrier disruption. Methods- C57BL/6 male adult mice (n=251) underwent sham or filament perforation SAH modeling, followed by a random intracerebroventricular injection of vehicle or drug at 30 minutes post-modeling. First, vehicle-treated and 0.8, 4, 16, or 32 µg MCP-treated mice were assessed by neuroscore and brain water content at 24 and 48 hours post-modeling. Second, Evans blue extravasation, Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation and immunostaining were performed in vehicle-treated or 4 µg MCP-treated mice at 24 hours post-modeling. Third, vehicle or R-galectin-3 (recombinant galectin-3) was administered to SAH mice simultaneously with vehicle or MCP, and neuroscore and Evans blue extravasation were evaluated at 24 hours post-modeling. Fourth, vehicle or R-galectin-3 was administered to MCP-treated SAH mice at 24 hours, and neuroscore and IgG immunostaining were evaluated at 48 hours post-SAH. Results- Among tested dosages, 4 µg MCP showed the best neuroprotective effects as to preventing neurological impairments and brain edema at 24 to 48 hours post-SAH. Four micrograms MCP attenuated post-SAH blood-brain barrier disruption and galectin-3 upregulation in brain capillary endothelial cells, associated with inactivation of ERK (extracellular signal-related kinase) 1/2, STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)-3, and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-9, and the consequent preservation of a tight junction protein ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1). Coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated physical interactions between galectin-3 and TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4. R-galectin-3 blocked the neuroprotective effects of MCP. Conclusions- MCP prevents post-SAH blood-brain barrier disruption possibly by inhibiting galectin-3, of which the mechanisms may include binding to TLR4 and activating ERK1/2, STAT-3, and MMP-9. This study suggests galectin-3 to be a novel therapeutic target against post-SAH early brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishikawa
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lei Liu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Fumi Nakano
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawakita
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okada
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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25
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Yazar HO, Yazar T, Cihan M. A preliminary data: Evaluation of serum Galectin-3 levels in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 70:164-168. [PMID: 31471077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM In our study, we aimed to collect data for the hypothesis that Galectin-3 might be used as a new prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD). METHOD In this prospective and cross-sectional study, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scales were applied to each patient diagnosed as IPD according to the UK Brain Bank diagnostic criteria. The control group consisted of healthy individuals with the same age, gender, and body mass index characteristics as the patients meeting the exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 111 cases were included in the study, 48 were IPD, and 63 were healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the IPD and control groups in terms of demographic, anthropometric, and blood parameters (p > 0.05). Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in IPD than the control group (p < 0.001). Serum galectin-3 levels, UPDRS scores, and duration of disease were significantly higher in patients with IPD in parallel with the progression of the disease (p < 0.001; 0.001; 0.009). No significant relationship was detected between the stage of the disease and other parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that serum galectin-3 level might be associated with IPD. Our data suggest that serum galectin-3 levels might be an accessible biomarker for the detection and prevention of chronic, progressive diseases such as IPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Olgun Yazar
- Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Yazar
- Ordu State Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Turkey
| | - Murat Cihan
- Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Clinical Biochemist, Turkey
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26
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Yin Y, Park H, Lee SY, Lee WH, Song HJ, Kim J, Kim DW, Hong J. Analgesic Effect of Toll-like Receptor 4 Antagonistic Peptide 2 on Mechanical Allodynia Induced with Spinal Nerve Ligation in Rats. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:352-361. [PMID: 31308795 PMCID: PMC6614064 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the key mechanisms of neuropathic pain, which is primarily mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in microglia. Therefore, TLR4 may be a reasonable target for treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, we examined the analgesic effect of TLR4 antagonistic peptide 2 (TAP2) on neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation in rats. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells were treated with TAP2 (10 µM), the mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were markedly decreased by 54-83% as determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Furthermore, when TAP2 (25 nmol in 20 µL PBS) was intrathecally administered to the spinal nerve ligation-induced rats on day 3 after surgery, the mechanical allodynia was markedly decreased for approximately 2 weeks in von Frey filament tests, with a reduction in microglial activation. On immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses, both the level of reactive oxygen species and the gene expression of the proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, were significantly decreased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. Finally, the analgesic effect of TAP2 was reproduced in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic pain. The findings of the present study suggest that TAP2 efficiently mitigates neuropathic pain behavior by suppressing microglial activation, followed by downregulation of neuropathic pain-related factors, such as reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory molecules. Therefore, it may be useful as a new analgesic for treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Won-Hyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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27
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Shin J, Yin Y, Park H, Park S, Triantafillu UL, Kim Y, Kim SR, Lee SY, Kim DK, Hong J, Kim DW. p38 siRNA-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles alleviate neuropathic pain behavior in rats by inhibiting microglia activation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1607-1621. [PMID: 30028250 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether p38 small-interfering RNA-loaded nanoparticles (p38 siRNA NPs) attenuate spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing spinal microglia activation via p38 targeting. MATERIALS & METHODS After synthesizing p38 siRNA NPs with sonication, physical characteristics were measured for size and zeta potential. p38 siRNA NPs were then administrated intrathecally into SNL rats if they could reduce pain behavior excellently. RESULTS p38 siRNA NPs significantly reduced mechanical allodynia as well as microgliosis in the spinal dorsal horns of SNL rats, consistent with a downregulation of p38-related proinflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION As p38 in the spinal microglia plays a critical role in neuropathic pain, we expect that p38 siRNA NPs could be a promising tool for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjo Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Ursula L Triantafillu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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28
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Wu ZS, Lo JJ, Wu SH, Wang CZ, Chen RF, Lee SS, Chai CY, Huang SH. Early Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Attenuates Burn-Induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting the Galectin-3-Dependent Toll-Like Receptor-4 Pathway in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082195. [PMID: 30060489 PMCID: PMC6121430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proven to decrease neuroinflammation in rats. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of HBO treatment on burn-induced neuroinflammation in rats. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to the following six groups (n = 6 per group): (1) sham burn with sham HBO treatment; (2) sham burn with HBO treatment; (3) burn with one-week sham HBO treatment; (4) burn with two-week sham HBO treatment; (5) burn with one-week HBO treatment; and (6) burn with two-week HBO treatment. SD rats that received third-degree burn injury were used as a full-thickness burn injury model. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the galectin-3 (Gal-3)-dependent Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathway through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, and Western blotting. A behavior test was also conducted, which revealed that HBO treatment significantly suppressed mechanical hypersensitivity in the burn with HBO treatment group compared to the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). ELISA results showed that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the skin significantly decreased in the burn with HBO treatment group compared with the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). Western blotting results demonstrated that HBO treatment significantly reduced the expression of Gal-3 and TLR-4 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the burn with HBO treatment group compared with the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). IHC analysis showed that the expression of Gal-3, TLR-4, CD68 and CD45 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly lower in the burn with HBO treatment group than in the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05), and the expression of CD68 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the right hind paw skin was significantly lower. The expression of vimentin and fibroblast growth factor in the right hind paw skin was significantly higher after HBO treatment (p < 0.05). This study proved that early HBO treatment relieves neuropathic pain, inhibits the Gal-3-dependent TLR-4 pathway, and suppresses microglia and macrophage activation in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Sheng Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Jou Lo
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Room, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
One of the fundamental mechanisms whereby the innate immune system coordinates inflammatory signal transduction is through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which function to protect and defend the host organism by initiating inflammatory signaling cascades in response to tissue damage or injury. TLRs are positioned at the neuroimmune interface, and accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory consequences of TLR activation on glia (including microglia and astrocytes), sensory neurons, and other cell types can influence nociceptive processing and lead to states of exaggerated and unresolved pain. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how different TLRs and their accessory or adaptor molecules can contribute to the development and maintenance of persistent pain. The challenges and opportunities of targeting TLRs for new treatment strategies against chronic pain are discussed, including the therapeutic context of TLR-mediated signaling in opioid analgesia and chemotherapy-induced pain. Considering the prevalence of persistent pain and the insufficient efficacy and safety of current treatment options, a deeper understanding of Toll-like receptors holds the promise of novel therapies for managing pathological pain.
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31
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Nio-Kobayashi J. Tissue- and cell-specific localization of galectins, β-galactose-binding animal lectins, and their potential functions in health and disease. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:25-36. [PMID: 27590897 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen galectins, β-galactose-binding animal lectins, are known to be distributed throughout the body. We herein summarize current knowledge on the tissue- and cell-specific localization of galectins and their potential functions in health and disease. Galectin-3 is widely distributed in epithelia, including the simple columnar epithelium in the gut, stratified squamous epithelium in the gut and skin, and transitional epithelium and several regions in nephrons in the urinary tract. Galectin-2 and galectin-4/6 are gut-specific, while galectin-7 is found in the stratified squamous epithelium in the gut and skin. The reproductive tract mainly contains galectin-1 and galectin-3, and their expression markedly changes during the estrous/menstrual cycle. The galectin subtype expressed in the corpus luteum (CL) changes in association with luteal function. The CL of women and cows displays a "galectin switch" with coordinated changes in the major galectin subtype and its ligand glycoconjugate structure. Macrophages express galectin-3, which may be involved in phagocytotic activity. Lymphoid tissues contain galectin-3-positive macrophages, which are not always stained with the macrophage marker, F4/80. Subsets of neurons in the brain and dorsal root ganglion express galectin-1 and galectin-3, which may contribute to the regeneration of damaged axons, stem cell differentiation, and pain control. The subtype-specific contribution of galectins to implantation, fibrosis, and diabetes are also discussed. The function of galectins may differ depending on the tissues or cells in which they act. The ligand glycoconjugate structures mediated by glycosyltransferases including MGAT5, ST6GAL1, and C2GnT are important for revealing the functions of galectins in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15-Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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Stegmayr J, Lepur A, Kahl-Knutson B, Aguilar-Moncayo M, Klyosov AA, Field RA, Oredsson S, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H. Low or No Inhibitory Potency of the Canonical Galectin Carbohydrate-binding Site by Pectins and Galactomannans. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13318-34. [PMID: 27129206 PMCID: PMC4933242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some complex plant-derived polysaccharides, such as modified citrus pectins and galactomannans, have been shown to have promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Most reports propose or claim that these effects are due to interaction of the polysaccharides with galectins because the polysaccharides contain galactose-containing side chains that might bind this class of lectin. However, their direct binding to and/or inhibition of the evolutionarily conserved galactoside-binding site of galectins has not been demonstrated. Using a well established fluorescence anisotropy assay, we tested the direct interaction of several such polysaccharides with physiological concentrations of a panel of galectins. The bioactive pectic samples tested were very poor inhibitors of the canonical galactoside-binding site for the tested galectins, with IC50 values >10 mg/ml for a few or in most cases no inhibitory activity at all. The galactomannan Davanat® was more active, albeit not a strong inhibitor (IC50 values ranging from 3 to 20 mg/ml depending on the galectin). Pure synthetic oligosaccharide fragments found in the side chains and backbone of pectins and galactomannans were additionally tested. The most commonly found galactan configuration in pectins had no inhibition of the galectins tested. Galactosylated tri- and pentamannosides, representing the structure of Davanat®, had an inhibitory effect of galectins comparable with that of free galactose. Further evaluation using cell-based assays, indirectly linked to galectin-3 inhibition, showed no inhibition of galectin-3 by the polysaccharides. These data suggest that the physiological effects of these plant polysaccharides are not due to inhibition of the canonical galectin carbohydrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stegmayr
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Biology and
| | - Adriana Lepur
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilde Aguilar-Moncayo
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Robert A Field
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden,
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