1
|
Cui J, Chen W, Zhang D, Lu M, Huang Z, Yi B. Metformin attenuates PM 2.5-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the AhR/CYP1A1 pathway in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:1022-1034. [PMID: 39034811 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2378296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The harmful effects of PM2.5 on human health, including an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), have raised a lot of attention, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used the Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai-METAS) to simulate the inhalation of PM2.5 in the real environment and established an animal model by exposing C57BL/6 mice to filtered air (FA) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) for 8 weeks. PM2.5 impaired the renal function of the mice, and the renal tubules underwent destructive changes. Analysis of NHANES data showed a correlation between reduced kidney function and higher blood levels of PM2.5 components, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, which are Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) ligands. PM2.5 exposure induced higher levels of AhR and CYP1A1 and oxidative stress as evidenced by the higher levels of ROS, MDA, and GSSG in kidneys of mice. PM2.5 exposure led to AhR overexpression and nuclear translocation in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Inhibition of AhR reduced CYP1A1 expression and PM2.5-increased levels of ROS, MDA and GSSG. Our study suggested metformin can mitigate PM2.5-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the AhR/CYP1A1 pathway. These findings illuminated the role of AhR/CYP1A1 pathway in PM2.5-induced kidney injury and the protective effect of metformin on PM2.5-induced cellular damage, offering new insights for air pollution-related renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengqiu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Flaws JA, Spinella MJ, Irudayaraj J. The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease. TOXICS 2022; 11:32. [PMID: 36668758 PMCID: PMC9863798 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that alter the endocrine function of an organism, to result in adverse effects on growth and development, metabolism, and reproductive function. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the urinary system and an accumulation point. Studies have shown that EDCs can cause proteinuria, affect glomeruli and renal tubules, and even lead to diabetes and renal fibrosis in animal and human studies. In this review, we discuss renal accumulation of select EDCs such as dioxins, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates, and delineate how exposures to such EDCs cause renal lesions and diseases, including cancer. The regulation of typical EDCs with specific target genes and the activation of related pathways are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Popli S, Badgujar PC, Agarwal T, Bhushan B, Mishra V. Persistent organic pollutants in foods, their interplay with gut microbiota and resultant toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155084. [PMID: 35395291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have become immensely prevalent in the environment as a result of their unique chemical properties (persistent, semi-volatile and bioaccumulative nature). Their occurrence in the soil, water and subsequently in food has become a matter of concern. With food being one of the major sources of exposure, the detrimental impact of these chemicals on the gut microbiome is inevitable. The gut microbiome is considered as an important integrant for human health. It participates in various physiological, biochemical and immunological activities; thus, affects the metabolism and physiology of the host. A myriad of studies have corroborated an association between POP-induced gut microbial dysbiosis and prevalence of disorders. For instance, ingestion of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers or organochlorine pesticides influenced bile acid metabolism via alteration of bile salt hydrolase activity of Lactobacillus, Clostridium or Bacteroides genus. At the same time, some chemicals such as DDE have the potential to elevate Proteobacteria and Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio influencing their metabolic activity leading to enhanced short-chain fatty acid synthesis, ensuing obesity or a pre-diabetic state. This review highlights the impact of POPs exposure on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity, along with an account of its corresponding consequences on the host physiology. The critical role of gut microbiota in impeding the POPs excretion out of the body resulting in their prolonged exposure and consequently, enhanced degree of toxicity is also emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Popli
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India.
| | - Tripti Agarwal
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh RD, Koshta K, Tiwari R, Khan H, Sharma V, Srivastava V. Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Its Impact on Cardio-Metabolic-Renal Health. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:663372. [PMID: 35295127 PMCID: PMC8915840 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.663372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental origin of health and disease postulates that the footprints of early life exposure are followed as an endowment of risk for adult diseases. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that an adverse fetal environment can affect the health of offspring throughout their lifetime. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during fetal development can affect the hormone system homeostasis, resulting in a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we have described the effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, using the available epidemiological and experimental evidence. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of their action, which include epigenetic changes, hormonal imprinting, loss of energy homeostasis, and metabolic perturbations. The effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, which is a complex condition of an altered biological landscape, can be further examined in the case of other environmental stressors with a similar mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Dutt Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kavita Koshta
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hafizurrahman Khan
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jain RB. Trends in concentrations of selected dioxins and furans across various stages of kidney function for US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43763-43776. [PMID: 33840024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxins and furans has the potential to affect kidney function and could be associated with chronic kidney disease. Data for US adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999-2004 (N = 4433) were analyzed to study trends in adjusted concentrations (AGM) of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlororodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran across the stages of kidney function (KF). Stages of KF were defined based on estimated glomerular filtration rate or eGFR expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2. For KF-1, eGFR was > 90, between 60 and 90 for KF-2, between 45 and 60 for KF-3A, and between 15 and 45 for KF-3B/4. AGMs for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increased consistently across the full spectrum of kidney function. For example, AGMs for the total population for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were 2.5, 4.5, 9.3, and 14.9 fg/g lipid for KF-1, KF-2, KF-3A, and KF-3B/4, respectively. For other six dioxins/furans, AGMs increased over KF-1 through KF-3A but then decreased for KF-3B/4, for example, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran for males, and AGMs for KF-1, KF-2, KF-3A, and KF-3B/4 were 7.9, 8.4, 10.7, and 7.5 fg/g lipid, respectively. For 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, smokers were found to have lower AGMs than nonsmokers. For example, for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, smoker-nonsmoker AGMs were 22.2 vs. 39.4 fg/g lipid at KF-1, 29.5 vs. 51.4 fg/g lipid at KF-2, 61.6 vs. 72.8 fg/g lipid at KF-3A, and 34.9 vs. 66.4 fg/g lipid at KF-3B/4. The reverse more often than not, was, however, observed for other six dioxins/furans. Smoker-nonsmoker AGMs for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were 2.4 vs. 2.6 fg/g lipid at KF-1, 5.1 vs. 4.0 fg/g lipid at KF-2, 12.7 vs. 6.7 fg/g lipid at KF-3A, and 18.6 vs. 11.9 fg/g lipid at KF-3B/4. In conclusion, lipid-adjusted serum concentrations of dioxins and furans continue increasing as kidney function keeps deteriorating until KF-3A. However, these increases in serum concentrations until KF-3A may be followed by substantial decreases for selected dioxins/furans during KF-3B/4.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoshida I, Ishida K, Yoshikawa H, Kitamura S, Hiromori Y, Nishioka Y, Ido A, Kimura T, Nishikawa JI, Hu J, Nagase H, Nakanishi T. In vivo profiling of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced estrogenic/anti-estrogenic effects in female estrogen-responsive reporter transgenic mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121526. [PMID: 31732351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly referred to simply as "dioxin", is a persistent environmental pollutant. Because of its high environmental persistence and biological accumulation, humans and animals are often exposed to TCDD. Therefore, the harmful effects on humans and animals is a major concern. Although studies have elucidated the adverse estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of TCDD, it is unclear in which tissues TCDD exerts these effects in vivo. To investigate the estrogen-related effects of TCDD in various tissues, we generated an improved estrogen-responsive reporter transgenic mouse in which the luciferase gene luc2 is expressed in response to estrogenic signals. Using these mice, we clarified that TCDD inhibits estrogenic signaling in liver and kidney but enhances estrogenic signaling in the pituitary gland in the same individual. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, and estrogen receptor alpha mRNA was detected in liver, kidney, and pituitary gland, suggesting that the effects of TCDD on estrogenic signaling in these organs is independent of the expression pattern of these receptors. Thus, our results indicate that TCDD exerts both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic tissue-specific effects within the same individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Sho Kitamura
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Youhei Hiromori
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishioka
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akiko Ido
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa, 572-8508, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Kyuban-cho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hisamitsu Nagase
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transgenerational impairment of ovarian induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) associated with Igf2 and H19 in adult female rat. Toxicology 2019; 428:152311. [PMID: 31629011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenze-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of representive Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), has potential adverse effects on human health. Direct exposure to TCDD has been implicated in ovarian follicles development and functions deficits in adulthood. However, it is rarely reported whether indirect exposure to TCDD can cause similar negative impact on F3. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of ancestral TCDD exposure on ovarian toxicity in offspring rats (F3), focusing on the Igf2/H19 pathway which was important for follicular development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats (F0) were given with either vehicle or TCDD (100 or 500 ng/kg BW/day) by gavages during days 8-14 of gestation. Ovarian development and functions of F3 generation was assessed using the ovary coefficient, the vaginal opening time, and regularity of estrous cycle, ovarian pathology, follicles counts and apoptosis of granular cells. The level of E2, FSH and LH in the serum was also detected. Results showed that in the F3 generation 500 ng/kg BW/day TCDD group, ovarian coefficient, LH concentration in serum and number of primary follicles were decreased, and the apoptosis of granular cells was significantly increased. The abnormal rate of estrous cycle and advance rate of vaginal opening time displayed a significantly increase in TCDD-treated groups. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of H19 mRNA in ovary of TCDD treated F3 female rats was increased, compared to the control. Our data showed that ancestral TCDD exposure may impair transgenerational adult ovary development and functions, which may be related to an inhibition of the Igf2/H19 pathway in the ovarian.
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan Z, Zheng Y, Jones TL, Delaney AA, Correa LF, Shenoy CC, Khazaie K, Daftary GS. Epigenetic Therapy: Novel Translational Implications for Arrest of Environmental Dioxin-Induced Disease in Females. Endocrinology 2018; 159:477-489. [PMID: 29165700 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased toxicant exposure and resultant environmentally induced diseases are a tradeoff of industrial productivity. Dioxin [2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)], a ubiquitous byproduct, is associated with a spectrum of diseases including endometriosis, a common, chronic disease in women. TCDD activates cytochrome (CYP) p450 metabolic enzymes that alter organ function to cause disease. In contrast, the transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 11, represses these enzymes via epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we characterized these opposing mechanisms in vitro and in vivo as well as determining potential translational implications of epigenetic inhibitor therapy. KLF11 antagonized TCDD-mediated activation of CYP3A4 gene expression and function in endometrial cells. The repression was pharmacologically replicated by selective use of an epigenetic histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATI). We further showed phenotypic relevance of this mechanism using an animal model for endometriosis. Fibrotic extent in TCDD-exposed wild-type animals was similar to that previously observed in Klf11-/- animals. When TCDD-exposed animals were treated with a HATI, Cyp3 messenger RNA levels and protein expression decreased along with disease progression. Fibrotic progression is ubiquitous in environmentally induced chronic, untreatable diseases; this report shows that relentless disease progression can be arrested through targeted epigenetic modulation of protective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaraq Khan
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ye Zheng
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tiffanny L Jones
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abigail A Delaney
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luiz F Correa
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chandra C Shenoy
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Khashayarsha Khazaie
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gaurang S Daftary
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|