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Barkhane Z, Zaree A, Zulfiqar S, Qudoos A, Vaidhyula S, Jaiprada F, Dar S, Ali N. Comparison of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With and Without Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Cureus 2023; 15:e40348. [PMID: 37456442 PMCID: PMC10339149 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to patients without rheumatoid arthritis. We conducted a thorough search of online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, to identify English-language publications examining cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from January 1, 2005, to May 15, 2023. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was performed using relevant keywords such as "rheumatoid arthritis," "cardiovascular diseases," and "risk," along with their synonyms. Medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators (AND, OR) were employed to optimize the search. Outcomes assessed in this study included composite cardiovascular events (as defined by individual studies), myocardial infarction, and stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke). Overall, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present meta-analysis. We found that the risk of composite CVD was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to patients without rheumatoid arthritis. We also found a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to their counterparts. This study demonstrates the elevated risk of CVD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and highlights the importance of incorporating cardiovascular management and assessment into the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Barkhane
- Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, MAR
| | - Amna Zaree
- Medicine, Shalimar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Sualeha Zulfiqar
- Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Ahmed Qudoos
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, PAK
| | - Santhoshi Vaidhyula
- Medicine, Dr. Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (NTR) University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Fnu Jaiprada
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saleha Dar
- Adult Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Neelum Ali
- Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PAK
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2
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Matur AV, Yamani AS, Robinson MW, Smith MS, Shirani P, Grossman AW, Prestigiacomo CJ. Association between underlying autoimmune disease and small aneurysm size at rupture. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:701-708. [PMID: 35901690 DOI: 10.3171/2022.5.jns22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the role of inflammation in the development of aneurysms is established, less is known about the development of intracranial aneurysms in the setting of underlying autoimmune disease. The underlying systemic inflammatory characteristics of disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome may influence the development of intracranial aneurysms through common inflammatory pathways. The authors hypothesized that there is an association between underlying autoimmune disease and aneurysm growth and rupture. METHODS Medical records of patients who underwent cerebral angiography between August 2018 and August 2021 were manually reviewed. Autoimmune diseases as defined for this study are those known to have systemic inflammatory effects on the central nervous system or multiple other organ systems. Statistical analysis, including construction of multivariable linear and logistic regression models, was performed using R version 4.1.0. RESULTS Chart review identified 190 patients with 469 ruptured and unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms. There were 31 patients with 44 aneurysms identified as having an autoimmune disease. The mean size of a ruptured aneurysm was significantly smaller among patients with autoimmune disease compared with patients without autoimmune disease (4.14 mm vs 5.34 mm, p = 0.03). The multivariate logistic regression model did not identify any significant association between rupture and autoimmune disease when controlling for other variables (p = 0.49). In the multivariate linear regression model, autoimmune disease was still significantly associated with a smaller size at rupture (p = 0.04), and smoking was associated with a larger size at rupture (p = 0.03) when controlling for other variables. A second multivariate logistic regression model found autoimmune disease to be independently associated with rupture at a size smaller than 7 mm (p = 0.02), while smoking was independently associated with rupture at a size larger than 7 mm (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune disease is associated with a smaller aneurysm size at rupture, although it is not associated with rupture itself. This association may be due to inflammatory pathways that are common to autoimmune diseases as well as aneurysm wall development. Although the authors were unable to identify any association between rupture status and the presence of autoimmune disease, the association between smaller size at rupture and autoimmune disease warrants further studies, as autoimmune disease may influence the trajectory of aneurysm development and the decision to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith V Matur
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Ali S Yamani
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Michael W Robinson
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Matthew S Smith
- 2Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peyman Shirani
- 2Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aaron W Grossman
- 2Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kintrilis N, Gravani F, Rapti A, Papaioannou M, Flessa CM, Nezos A, Antypa E, Papadaki I, Karageorgas Τ, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Subclinical atherosclerosis profiles in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome: the impact of BAFF genetic variations. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:958-968. [PMID: 35689637 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES RA and primary SS carry increased atherosclerotic risk, while B-cell activating factor holds a vital role in disease pathogenesis and atherosclerosis. We aimed to compare subclinical atherosclerosis profiles between the two clinical entities and define whether BAFF genetic variants alter atherosclerotic risk. METHODS DNA from 166 RA, 148 primary SS patients and 200 healthy controls of similar age and sex distribution was subjected to PCR-based assay for the detection of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of the BAFF gene (rs1224141, rs12583006, rs9514828, rs1041569 and rs9514827). Genotype and haplotype frequencies were determined by SNPStats software and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and Graphpad Software. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by the presence of carotid/femoral plaque formation and arterial wall thickening. RESULTS Atherosclerotic plaque formation was more frequently detected in the RA vs primary SS group (80.7% vs 62.2%, P-value <0.001), along with higher rates of family CVD history, current steroid dose and serum inflammatory markers. The TT genotype of the rs1224141 variant was more prevalent in RA but not primary SS patients with plaque and arterial wall thickening vs their counterparts without. Regarding the rs1014569 variant, among RA patients the TT genotype increased the risk for plaque formation while in primary SS patients the AT genotype conferred increased risk. Haplotype GTTTT was protective in the RA cohort, while TATTT and TTCTT haplotypes increased susceptibility for arterial wall thickening in the primary SS cohort. CONCLUSIONS Increased inflammatory burden, higher steroid doses and distinct BAFF gene variations imply chronic inflammation and B-cell hyperactivity as key contributors for the augmented atherosclerotic risk among autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kintrilis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | | | - Anna Rapti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.,Department of Rheumatology
| | - Myrto Papaioannou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Adrianos Nezos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Eleni Antypa
- Department of Radiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens
| | | | - Τheofanis Karageorgas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | | | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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4
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Avdeeva AS. Inflammatory markers in rheumatic diseases. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.47360/1995-4484-2022-561-569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs) are a broad group of pathological conditions based on impaired immunological tolerance to one’s own tissues leading to inflammation and irreversible organ damage. Laboratory diagnosis of IMRDs includes a wide range of biomarkers (autoantibodies, acute phase proteins, cytokines, markers of endothelial damage, components of the complement system, immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins, lymphocyte subpopulations, indicators of bone metabolism, apoptosis markers, genetic markers, etc). One of the leading aspects of laboratory diagnosis of IMRDs is the study of the level of inflammation markers in the blood (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid protein (CAA), ferritin, procalcitonin, apolipoprotein AI, calprotectin, etc). The analysis of inflammation markers makes it possible to assess the disease activity, the nature of the progression and the prognosis of the outcomes of a chronic inflammatory process, as well as the effectiveness of the therapy. The review presents the latest data on the role of the most frequently studied inflammatory markers such as CRP, CAA and ferritin.
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5
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Conrad N, Verbeke G, Molenberghs G, Goetschalckx L, Callender T, Cambridge G, Mason JC, Rahimi K, McMurray JJV, Verbakel JY. Autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular risk: a population-based study on 19 autoimmune diseases and 12 cardiovascular diseases in 22 million individuals in the UK. Lancet 2022; 400:733-743. [PMID: 36041475 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some autoimmune diseases are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine whether or not this is true, and to what extent, for a broad range of autoimmune conditions. METHODS In this population-based study, we used linked primary and secondary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), GOLD and Aurum datasets, to assemble a cohort of individuals across the UK who were newly diagnosed with any of 19 autoimmune diseases between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2017, younger than 80 years at diagnosis, and free of cardiovascular diseases up to 12 months after diagnosis. We also assembled a matched cohort with up to five individuals matched on age, sex, socioeconomic status, region, and calendar year, who were free of autoimmune disease and free of cardiovascular diseases up to 12 months after study entry. Both cohorts were followed up until June 30, 2019. We investigated the incidence of 12 cardiovascular outcomes and used Cox proportional hazards models to examine differences in patients with and without autoimmune diseases. FINDINGS Of 22 009 375 individuals identified from the CPRD databases, we identified 446 449 eligible individuals with autoimmune diseases and 2 102 830 matched controls. In the autoimmune cohort, mean age at diagnosis was 46·2 years (SD 19·8), and 271 410 (60·8%) were women and 175 039 (39·2%) were men. 68 413 (15·3%) people with and 231 410 (11·0%) without autoimmune diseases developed incident cardiovascular disease during a median of 6·2 years (IQR 2·7-10·8) of follow-up. The incidence rate of cardiovascular disease was 23·3 events per 1000 patient-years among patients with autoimmune disease and 15·0 events per 1000 patient-years among those without an autoimmune disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1·56 [95% CI 1·52-1·59]). An increased risk of cardiovascular disease with autoimmune disease was seen for every individual cardiovascular disease and increased progressively with the number of autoimmune diseases present (one disease: HR 1·41 [95% CI 1·37-1·45]; two diseases: 2·63 [2·49-2·78]); three or more diseases: 3·79 [3·36-4·27]), and in younger age groups (age <45 years: 2·33 [2·16-2·51]; 55-64 years: 1·76 [1·67-1·85]; ≥75 years: 1·30 [1·24-1·36]). Among autoimmune diseases, systemic sclerosis (3·59 [2·81-4·59]), Addison's disease (2·83 [1·96-4·09]), systemic lupus erythematosus (2·82 [2·38-3·33]), and type 1 diabetes (2·36 [2·21-2·52]) had the highest overall cardiovascular risk. INTERPRETATION These findings warrant targeted cardiovascular prevention measures, in particular in younger patients with autoimmune diseases, and further research into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications. FUNDING Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions and European Society of Cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Conrad
- EPI-Centre, Academic Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Geert Verbeke
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Molenberghs
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Goetschalckx
- EPI-Centre, Academic Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Callender
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geraldine Cambridge
- Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Kazem Rahimi
- Deep Medicine, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John J V McMurray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Y Verbakel
- EPI-Centre, Academic Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ahmed O, Krishnamurthy V, Kaba RA, Tahir H. The Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:947-958. [PMID: 35575484 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2076594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction and heart failure. In addition to traditional risk factors, evidence suggests inflammation is critical to the pathophysiology of both conditions. Despite the association being well-recognised, challenges remain in managing cardiovascular risk in RA. AREAS COVERED This manuscript analyses the association between CVD and RA andexplores the limitations in evaluating cardiovascular risk in RA with available risk assessment tools. The authors review and discuss the optimal management of traditional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia and contemporary risk factors such as inflammation and analyse the cardiovascular impact of RA medications. EXPERT OPINION Analysis points to the critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of RA and CVD. It is well established that conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) improve cardiovascular outcomes; however, underlying risk often remains underappreciated. The authors suggest there remains an opportunity to improve mortality and morbidity with the early recognition and identification of at-risk populations and the timely initiation of appropriate cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory medications. More research is necessary into the role that imaging may play in stratifying risk and in the longer-term cardiovascular impact of biological DMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ahmed
- Senior Research Fellow in Cardiology & Cardiac Electrophysiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, London, UK
| | - Vinodh Krishnamurthy
- Research Practitioner, Royal Free London NHS Trust, Barnet Hospital, Wellhouse Lane, Wellhouse Lane EN5 3DJ, UK
| | - Riyaz A Kaba
- Consultant in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Devices, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, UK
| | - Hasan Tahir
- Consultant Physician & Rheumatologist, Honorary Clinical Professor, University College London, Royal Free London NHS Trust, Wellhouse Lane EN5 3DJ, UK
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7
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Alsing CL, Nystad TW, Igland J, Gjesdal CG, Midtbø H, Tell GS, Fevang BT. Trends in the occurrence of ischaemic heart disease over time in rheumatoid arthritis: 1821 patients from 1972 to 2017. Scand J Rheumatol 2022; 52:233-242. [PMID: 35272584 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2022.2040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with the general population over time. METHOD We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1821 RA patients diagnosed from 1972 to 2013. Aggregated counts of the total population of the same county (Hordaland, Norway) and period were used for comparison. Information on AMI and IHD events was obtained from hospital patient administrative systems or cardiovascular registries. We estimated incidence rates and excess of events [standardized event ratio (SER) with 95% confidence interval (CI)] compared with the general population by Poisson regression. RESULTS There was an average annual decline of 1.6% in age- and gender-adjusted AMI incidence rates from 1972 to 2017 (p < 0.035). The difference in events (excess events) in RA patients compared with the general population declined on average by 1.3% per year for AMI and by 2.3% for IHD from 1972 to 2014. There were no significant excess AMI (SER 1.05, 95% CI 0.82-1.35) or IHD events (SER 1.02, 95% CI 0.89-1.16) for RA patients diagnosed after 1998 compared with the general population. CONCLUSION Incidence rates and excess events of AMI and IHD in RA patients declined from 1972 to 2017. There were no excess AMI or IHD events in RA patients diagnosed after 1998 compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Alsing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - T W Nystad
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health and Social Science, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - C G Gjesdal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Midtbø
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - G S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - B T Fevang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Kato Y, Tsuruta W, Hosoo H, Yamamoto T. Large cavernous carotid artery aneurysm with spontaneous thrombosis: is there more to a change in morphology than there seems to be? Illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY: CASE LESSONS 2021; 2:CASE21288. [PMID: 35855415 PMCID: PMC9265172 DOI: 10.3171/case21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and endovascular treatment strategy for spontaneously thrombosed unruptured cerebral aneurysms have not yet been comprehensively described. OBSERVATIONS The authors reported on a 78-year-old woman who had large bilateral unruptured cavernous carotid artery aneurysms that induced chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation and acquired factor XIII deficiency. The right aneurysm was symptomatic and partially thrombosed. Hemorrhagic diathesis and abnormal values of laboratory data improved after administration of recombinant human thrombomodulin followed by endovascular treatment in which three pipeline embolization devices were deployed for the right aneurysm. LESSONS To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first report of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm leading to coagulation disorders with clinical manifestation that was treated successfully by endovascular intervention after intensive perioperative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Kato
- Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataro Tsuruta
- Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Hosoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Wu R, Long L, Zhou Q, Su J, Su W, Zhu J. Identification of hub genes in rheumatoid arthritis through an integrated bioinformatics approach. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:458. [PMID: 34271942 PMCID: PMC8283956 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane. However, the etiology and underlying molecular events of RA are unclear. Here, we applied bioinformatics analysis to identify the key genes involved in RA. Methods GSE77298 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used the R software screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were analyzed by using the DAVID online tool. The STRING database was used to analyze the interaction of differentially encoded proteins. PPI interaction network was divided into subnetworks using MCODE algorithm and was analyzed using Cytoscape. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify relevant biological functions. qRT-PCR analysis was also performed to verify the expression of identified hub DEGs. Results A total of 4062 differentially expressed genes were selected, including 1847 upregulated genes and 2215 downregulated genes. In the biological process, DEGs were mainly concentrated in the fields of muscle filament sliding, muscle contraction, intracellular signal transduction, cardiac muscle contraction, signal transduction, and skeletal muscle tissue development. In the cellular components, DEGs were mainly concentrated in the parts of cytosol, Z disk, membrane, extracellular exosome, mitochondrion, and M band. In molecular functions, DEGs were mainly concentrated in protein binding, structural constituent of muscle, actin binding, and actin filament binding. KEGG pathway analysis shows that DEGs mainly focuses on pathways about lysosome, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. CXCR3, GNB4, and CXCL16 were identified as the core genes that involved in the progression of RA. By qRT-PCR analysis, we found that CXCR3, GNB4, and CXCL16 were significantly upregulated in RA tissue as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion In conclusion, DEGs and hub genes identified in the present study help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of RA, and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West of First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West of First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West of First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jiang Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West of First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West of First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West of First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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10
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Pope JE, Choy EH. C-reactive protein and implications in rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 51:219-229. [PMID: 33385862 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is routinely assessed as a marker of systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is also an immune regulator that plays an important role in inflammatory pathways associated with RA and promotes atherogenic effects. Comorbidities linked to systemic inflammation are common in RA, and CRP has been associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, pulmonary diseases, and depression. The relationship between systemic inflammation, CRP, and comorbidities in RA is complex, and it is challenging to determine how changing CRP levels may affect the risk or progression of these comorbidities. We review the biological role of CRP in RA and its implications for disease activity and treatment response. We also discuss the impact of treatment on CRP levels and whether reducing systemic inflammation and inhibiting CRP-mediated inflammatory pathways may have an impact on conditions commonly comorbid with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Pope
- Janet E. Pope: Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ernest H Choy
- Ernest H. Choy: Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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11
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Pujades-Rodriguez M, Morgan AW, Cubbon RM, Wu J. Dose-dependent oral glucocorticoid cardiovascular risks in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003432. [PMID: 33270649 PMCID: PMC7714202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are widely used to reduce disease activity and inflammation in patients with a range of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It is uncertain whether or not low to moderate glucocorticoid dose increases cardiovascular risk. We aimed to quantify glucocorticoid dose-dependent cardiovascular risk in people with 6 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of medical records from 389 primary care practices contributing data to the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), linked to hospital admissions and deaths in 1998-2017. We estimated time-variant daily and cumulative glucocorticoid prednisolone-equivalent dose-related risks and hazard ratios (HRs) of first all-cause and type-specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There were 87,794 patients with giant cell arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica (n = 25,581), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 27,739), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 25,324), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 3,951), and/or vasculitis (n = 5,199), and no prior CVD. Mean age was 56 years and 34.1% were men. The median follow-up time was 5.0 years, and the proportions of person-years spent at each level of glucocorticoid daily exposure were 80% for non-use, 6.0% for <5 mg, 11.2% for 5.0-14.9 mg, 1.6% for 15.0-24.9 mg, and 1.2% for ≥25.0 mg. Incident CVD occurred in 13,426 (15.3%) people, including 6,013 atrial fibrillation, 7,727 heart failure, and 2,809 acute myocardial infarction events. One-year cumulative risks of all-cause CVD increased from 1.4% in periods of non-use to 8.9% for a daily prednisolone-equivalent dose of ≥25.0 mg. Five-year cumulative risks increased from 7.1% to 28.0%, respectively. Compared to periods of non-glucocorticoid use, those with <5.0 mg daily prednisolone-equivalent dose had increased all-cause CVD risk (HR = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-1.84; range 1.52 for polymyalgia rheumatica and/or giant cell arteritis to 2.82 for systemic lupus erythematosus). Increased dose-dependent risk ratios were found regardless of disease activity level and for all type-specific CVDs. HRs for type-specific CVDs and <5.0-mg daily dose use were: 1.69 (95% CI 1.54-1.85) for atrial fibrillation, 1.75 (95% CI 1.56-1.97) for heart failure, 1.76 (95% CI 1.51-2.05) for acute myocardial infarction, 1.78 (95% CI 1.53-2.07) for peripheral arterial disease, 1.32 (95% CI 1.15-1.50) for cerebrovascular disease, and 1.93 (95% CI 1.47-2.53) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The lack of hospital medication records and drug adherence data might have led to underestimation of the dose prescribed when specialists provided care and overestimation of the dose taken during periods of low disease activity. The resulting dose misclassification in some patients is likely to have reduced the size of dose-response estimates. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed an increased risk of CVDs associated with glucocorticoid dose intake even at lower doses (<5 mg) in 6 immune-mediated diseases. These results highlight the importance of prompt and regular monitoring of cardiovascular risk and use of primary prevention treatment at all glucocorticoid doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ann W. Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Svensson P, Bergstrom M, Discacciati A, Ljung L, Jernberg T, Frick M, Linder R, Askling J. Is rheumatoid arthritis a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome also among individuals at elevated risk, such as individuals presenting with acute chest pain? RMD Open 2020; 6:rmdopen-2020-001463. [PMID: 33243783 PMCID: PMC7856117 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are, on average, at increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared to the general population, but it remains unknown whether RA remains an ACS risk factor also in settings where the ACS risk is already high elevated, such as among individuals presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain. Methods and results We included 49 283 individuals (514 (1.0%) had RA) presenting with chest pain at the four hospital EDs in Stockholm, Sweden, 2013–2016 in a cohort study. Information on exposure (RA), outcome (ACS) and comorbidities was provided through national registers. The association between RA and ACS was assessed, overall and by levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and number of ACS risk factors, using logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, hospital, calendar year and cardiovascular risk factors. ACS was more common in patients with (8.2%) than without (4.6%) RA, adjusted OR =1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0. This association was particularly strong in individuals with initial hs-cTnT levels between 5 and 14 ng/L, or no additional ACS risk factors (adjusted ORs above 2), but no longer detectable in those with hs-cTnT >14 ng/L or with three or more additional ACS risk factors. Conclusion RA is a risk factor for ACS also among patients at the ED with chest pain. This association is not explained by traditional ACS risk factors, and most pronounced in patients with normal hs-cTnT and few other ACS risk factors, prompting particular ACS vigilance in this RA patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Svensson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | | | - Andrea Discacciati
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Lina Ljung
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Mats Frick
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | - Rickard Linder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Lai AG, Pasea L, Banerjee A, Hall G, Denaxas S, Chang WH, Katsoulis M, Williams B, Pillay D, Noursadeghi M, Linch D, Hughes D, Forster MD, Turnbull C, Fitzpatrick NK, Boyd K, Foster GR, Enver T, Nafilyan V, Humberstone B, Neal RD, Cooper M, Jones M, Pritchard-Jones K, Sullivan R, Davie C, Lawler M, Hemingway H. Estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer services and excess 1-year mortality in people with cancer and multimorbidity: near real-time data on cancer care, cancer deaths and a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e043828. [PMID: 33203640 PMCID: PMC7674020 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care services and overall (direct and indirect) excess deaths in people with cancer. METHODS We employed near real-time weekly data on cancer care to determine the adverse effect of the pandemic on cancer services. We also used these data, together with national death registrations until June 2020 to model deaths, in excess of background (pre-COVID-19) mortality, in people with cancer. Background mortality risks for 24 cancers with and without COVID-19-relevant comorbidities were obtained from population-based primary care cohort (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) on 3 862 012 adults in England. RESULTS Declines in urgent referrals (median=-70.4%) and chemotherapy attendances (median=-41.5%) to a nadir (lowest point) in the pandemic were observed. By 31 May, these declines have only partially recovered; urgent referrals (median=-44.5%) and chemotherapy attendances (median=-31.2%). There were short-term excess death registrations for cancer (without COVID-19), with peak relative risk (RR) of 1.17 at week ending on 3 April. The peak RR for all-cause deaths was 2.1 from week ending on 17 April. Based on these findings and recent literature, we modelled 40% and 80% of cancer patients being affected by the pandemic in the long-term. At 40% affected, we estimated 1-year total (direct and indirect) excess deaths in people with cancer as between 7165 and 17 910, using RRs of 1.2 and 1.5, respectively, where 78% of excess deaths occured in patients with ≥1 comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Dramatic reductions were detected in the demand for, and supply of, cancer services which have not fully recovered with lockdown easing. These may contribute, over a 1-year time horizon, to substantial excess mortality among people with cancer and multimorbidity. It is urgent to understand how the recovery of general practitioner, oncology and other hospital services might best mitigate these long-term excess mortality risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina G Lai
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Pasea
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, London, UK
| | - Geoff Hall
- DATA-CAN, Health Data Research UK hub for cancer hosted by UCLPartners, London, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Wai Hoong Chang
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michail Katsoulis
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bryan Williams
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Deenan Pillay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Linch
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Derralynn Hughes
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin D Forster
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Natalie K Fitzpatrick
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Boyd
- Northern Ireland Cancer Network, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Graham R Foster
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Richard D Neal
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matt Cooper
- DATA-CAN, Health Data Research UK hub for cancer hosted by UCLPartners, London, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Monica Jones
- DATA-CAN, Health Data Research UK hub for cancer hosted by UCLPartners, London, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- DATA-CAN, Health Data Research UK hub for cancer hosted by UCLPartners, London, UK
- UCLPartners Academic Health Science Partnership, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Outcomes, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Conflict and Health Research Group, Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlie Davie
- DATA-CAN, Health Data Research UK hub for cancer hosted by UCLPartners, London, UK
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCLPartners Academic Health Science Partnership, London, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- DATA-CAN, Health Data Research UK hub for cancer hosted by UCLPartners, London, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Rodrigues P, Ferreira B, Fonseca T, Costa RQ, Cabral S, Pinto JL, Saraiva F, Marinho A, Huttin O, Girerd N, Bozec E, Carvalho HC, Ferreira JP. Subclinical ventricular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:847-859. [PMID: 33052554 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at higher risk for having underdiagnosed heart failure, however there are no recommendations regarding echocardiographic screening. We aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical ventricular dysfunction in RA applying current echocardiographic guidelines, its association with patients' characteristics, biomarkers and prognostic parameters and compare the 2016 guidelines to the recommendations from 2009. Prospective study of RA patients without known heart disease, categorized as preserved ventricular function (PVF), systolic dysfunction (SD), isolated diastolic dysfunction (DD) or indeterminate diastolic function (IDF) as per the 2016 echocardiography guidelines-or any ventricular dysfunction (AVD) comprehending the last 3. The median age was 58 years and 78% were females. The majority had PVF (73%), followed by DD (13%), IDF (11%) and SD (4%). Concordance with the 2009 echocardiographic guidelines was low. Compared with PVF, AVD patients were older (65 vs 55 years, p < 0.001), had a higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia (56% vs 38%, p = 0.003 and 60% vs 41%, p = 0.002, respectively). In multivariable analysis, age (particularly > 57 years) was the only independent predictor of AVD or DD. AVD was significantly associated with higher NT-proBNP and lower distance in 6-min walk test. There were no significant independent associations between characteristics of RA disease and ventricular function. A total of 17% of RA patients without known cardiovascular disease presented subclinical systolic or diastolic dysfunction, which was associated with older age. The echocardiographic screening may have clinical value in identifying subclinical ventricular dysfunction, especially in older RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Cardiology Department), Porto, Portugal. .,Unit of Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal. .,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto - Hospital Santo António - Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Betânia Ferreira
- Unit of Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomás Fonseca
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Internal Medicine Department), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Quelhas Costa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Internal Medicine Department), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cabral
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Cardiology Department), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Francisca Saraiva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marinho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Internal Medicine Department), Porto, Portugal
| | - Olivier Huttin
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Henrique Cyrne Carvalho
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Cardiology Department), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
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Bordy R, Moretto J, Devaux S, Wendling D, Moretto-Riedweg K, Demougeot C, Totoson P. Adjuvant-induced arthritis is a relevant model to mimic coronary and myocardial impairments in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 88:105069. [PMID: 32920169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if the adjuvant-induced arthritis model reproduced coronary and cardiac impairments observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The link between disease activity and circulating levels of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 have been studied, as well as the myocardial susceptibility to ischemia. METHODS At the acute inflammatory phase, coronary reactivity was assessed in isolated arteries, and cardiac function was studied in isolated perfused hearts, before and after global ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemic insult was evaluated by the infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase levels in coronary effluents. Cardiac myeloperoxidase activity was measured, as well as angiotensin II and endothelin-1 levels. RESULTS Compared to controls, adjuvant-induced arthritis had reduced coronary Acetylcholine-induced relaxation associated with cardiac hypertrophy, both being correlated with plasma levels of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, and arthritis score. Although cardiac function at baseline was similar from controls, adjuvant-induced arthritis rats exhibited lower cardiac functional recovery, increased myeloperoxidase activity, higher infarct size and creatine phosphokinase levels after ischemia/reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS The adjuvant-induced arthritis model displays coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with myocardial hypertrophy and a reduced tolerance to ischemia. This model might be useful for deciphering the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis and paves the way for studying the role of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bordy
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Johnny Moretto
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Devaux
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- EA 4266 EPILAB, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 order by 1-- jvdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 7953=utl_inaddr.get_host_address(chr(113)||chr(122)||chr(106)||chr(118)||chr(113)||(select (case when (7953=7953) then 1 else 0 end) from dual)||chr(113)||chr(122)||chr(107)||chr(112)||chr(113))-- qzhh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 7168=cast((chr(113)||chr(113)||chr(120)||chr(98)||chr(113))||(select (case when (7168=7168) then 1 else 0 end))::text||(chr(113)||chr(113)||chr(98)||chr(98)||chr(113)) as numeric)-- flrx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 or (select 2947 from(select count(*),concat(0x717a6a7671,(select (elt(2947=2947,1))),0x717a6b7071,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)-- ieid] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 7592=3802-- bjys] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 4792=4792-- iclz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 rlike (select (case when (4420=4420) then 0x31302e313033382f7334313538362d3032302d323532312d34 else 0x28 end))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 3667=(select (case when (3667=2069) then 3667 else (select 2069 union select 3793) end))-- btqc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and row(1599,1897)>(select count(*),concat(0x717a6a7671,(select (elt(1599=1599,1))),0x717a6b7071,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 5124 union select 5376 union select 2780 union select 4282)a group by x)-- ztlq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 3135=convert(int,(select char(113)+char(113)+char(120)+char(98)+char(113)+(select (case when (3135=3135) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(113)+char(98)+char(98)+char(113)))-- fhdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 rlike (select (case when (3473=3449) then 0x31302e313033382f7334313538362d3032302d323532312d34 else 0x28 end))-- gcyk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 procedure analyse(extractvalue(4856,concat(0x5c,0x717a6a7671,(select (case when (4856=4856) then 1 else 0 end)),0x717a6b7071)),1)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 5024=5024-- lmvk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 4792=4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 or extractvalue(9053,concat(0x5c,0x7171786271,(select (elt(9053=9053,1))),0x7171626271))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 rlike (select (case when (4420=4420) then 0x31302e313033382f7334313538362d3032302d323532312d34 else 0x28 end))-- pgpz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 and 5211=(select upper(xmltype(chr(60)||chr(58)||chr(113)||chr(113)||chr(120)||chr(98)||chr(113)||(select (case when (5211=5211) then 1 else 0 end) from dual)||chr(113)||chr(113)||chr(98)||chr(98)||chr(113)||chr(62))) from dual)-- ihiz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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