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Lu Y, Huang P, Zeng X, Liu W, Zhao R, Li J, Cao G, Hu Y, Xiao Q, Wu M, Huang W, Tang X, Liu X, Wei H. Inhibition of FNDC1 suppresses gastric cancer progression by interfering with Gβγ-VEGFR2 complex formation. iScience 2023; 26:107534. [PMID: 37670789 PMCID: PMC10475477 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent digestive tract malignant tumor characterized by an insidious onset, ease of metastasis, rapid growth, and poor prognosis. Here, we report that fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (FNDC1) has high expression in GC and indicates poor outcomes in patients with GC. FNDC1 over-expression or knockdown promotes or inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis, respectively. The expression of FNDC1 is upregulated by TWIST1, strengthening its interaction with Gβγ and VEGFR2. The formation of the trimers, TWIST1 plus Gβγ and VEGFR2, increases VEGFR2 phosphorylation and Gβγ trafficking, which activates RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling, benefiting GC progression. In this study, we demonstrated that arsenite can efficiently suppress FNDC1 expression, attenuating the formation of the trimers and downstream pathways. Altogether, our results indicate that FNDC1 might be a promising target for clinical treatment and prognostic judgment, while FNDC1 inhibition by arsenite provides a new opportunity for overcoming this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xueliang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Gaolu Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Qiuxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Weicai Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xuerui Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Surgery, Tongxiang First People’s Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314500, China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Deng AY, Menard A, Deng DW. Shifting Paradigm from Gene Expressions to Pathways Reveals Physiological Mechanisms in Blood Pressure Control in Causation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021262. [PMID: 36674778 PMCID: PMC9863686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics for blood pressure (BP) in human and animals has been partitioned into two separate specialties. However, this divide is mechanistically-misleading. BP physiology is mechanistically participated by products of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The key to unlocking its mechanistic mystery lies in the past with mammalian ancestors before humans existed. By pivoting from effects to causes, physiological mechanisms determining BP by six QTLs have been implicated. Our work relies on congenic knock-in genetics in vivo using rat models, and has reproduced the physiological outcome based on a QTL being molecularly equal to one gene. A gene dose for a QTL is irrelevant to physiological BP controls in causation. Together, QTLs join one another as a group in modularized Mendelian fashion to achieve polygenicity. Mechanistically, QTLs in the same module appear to function in a common pathway. Each is involved in a different step in the pathway toward polygenic hypertension. This work has implicated previously-concealed components of these pathways. This emerging concept is a departure from the human-centric precept that the level of QTL expressions, not physiology, would ultimately determine BP. The modularity/pathway paradigm breaks a unique conceptual ground for unravelling the physiological mechanisms of polygenic and quantitative traits like BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y. Deng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-890-8000 (ext. 23614); Fax: +1-514-412-7655
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Jiang H, Chu BL, He J, Liu Z, Yang L. Expression and prognosis analyses of the fibronectin type-III domain-containing (FNDC) protein family in human cancers: A Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31854. [PMID: 36626432 PMCID: PMC9750624 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in early detection and treatment, cancer continues to pose a threat to human health and is the leading cause of death worldwide. According to recent research, the fibronectin type-III domain-containing (FNDC) protein family has been implicated in several different human disorders. However, little is known regarding their expression and prognostic significance in most human malignancies. We carried out a thorough cancer vs. normal expression study using the Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases, as well as a prognostic evaluation using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter and PrognoScan databases. Oncomine revealed that the mRNA expression levels of FNDC1, FNDC3A, and FNDC3B were higher in most malignancies than in normal tissues, but the mRNA expression levels of FNDC4, FNDC5, FNDC7, and FNDC8 were downregulated in most cancers when compared with normal tissues. In survival analyses based on KM Plotter and PrognoScan, all members of the FNDC family displayed significant correlations with survival outcomes in breast, gastric, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, the whole FNDC family, except for FNDC7 and FNDC8, was found to have substantial predictive effects in lung adenocarcinoma, but not in squamous cell lung cancer. In addition, potential connections between several FNDC family members and survival results in liver and colorectal malignancies were discovered in this study. One or more members of the FNDC family demonstrated statistically significant differences in expression between cancer and normal tissues, suggesting that they could be used as prognostic biomarkers for specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Biobank of Pathology Department, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Ling Chu
- Biobank of Pathology Department, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao He
- Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
- * Correspondence: Ling Yang, Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, 127 Desheng West Road, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China (e-mail: )
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He X, Li X, Du X, Han J, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Ma H. Rs420137, rs386360 and rs7763726 polymorphisms in fibronectin type III domain containing 1 are associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease: Analysis in the Han population. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964978. [PMID: 36277792 PMCID: PMC9583258 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous genetic studies have shown that genes are related to the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). The main aim of this study was to confirm whether fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (FNDC1) polymorphisms correlate with the risk of CHD. Methods In this study, in order to assess the association between three FNDC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of CHD, we conducted a case-control study involving 630 patients with CHD and 568 healthy controls using Agena MassARRAY (Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). Genotype distribution in case and control groups was analyzed by Chi square test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption to assess the correlation between SNPs and CHD risk. Results Our results indicated that FNDC1-rs420137, -rs386360, and -rs7763726 played important roles in enhancing the risk of CHD. Subgroup analysis revealed that rs420137 increased the susceptibility to CHD in males, smokers, and patients aged ≤62 years. Rs360 had an increased risk of CHD in males, patients at aged ≤62 years, smokers, and non-drinkers. Furthermore, the association of rs7763726 with increased CHD risk was also observed in males, patients aged ≤62 years, smokers, and drinkers. Last but not least, these three SNPs we selected were protective factors against hypertension in CHD individuals. Conclusion Our research suggest that FNDC1-rs420137, -rs386360, and -rs7763726 variants may be regarded as novel biomarkers for predicting CHD risk and other specific mechanisms of action of CHD need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Honghong Ma
- *Correspondence: Honghong Ma mhh1001@sohucom
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Lin K, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li J, Xu Y, Che D, Mai H, Yu H, Fu L, Wei B, Jiang Z, Pi L, Gu X. FNDC1 Polymorphism (rs3003174 C > T) Increased the Incidence of Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Patients with Kawasaki Disease in a Southern Chinese Population. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2633-2640. [PMID: 34188513 PMCID: PMC8232870 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s311956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of studies demonstrated that the key to the occurrence and development of Kawasaki disease (KD) is the over-activation of immune cells and the generation of various inflammatory factors, leading to the imbalance of the immune system. Recently, mutations in the FNDC1 gene have been shown to be associated with inflammatory responses. However, there have been no reports on the relationship between FNDC1 gene and KD so far. Methods We enrolled 1611 controls and 1459 patients with KD, including 372 patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and 179 patients with coronary artery lesion (CAL). The relationship between FNDC1 rs3003174 polymorphism and KD with CAA or without CAA was investigated. Results This study showed no evidence that the association between FNDC1 rs3003174 C>T polymorphism and KD susceptibility was statistically significant (CT versus CC: adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.769–1.045, P=0.162; TT versus CC: adjusted OR=0.995, 95% CI=0.786–1.260, P=0.968; dominant model: adjusted OR=0.916, 95% CI=0.792–1.059, P=0.235; and recessive model: adjusted OR=1.055, 95% CI=0.845–1.316, P=0.638). However, our further stratified analysis in the control and KD group bore out that the incidence of TT genotype of FNDC1 rs3003174 C > T polymorphism was higher than that of CC/CT genotype in KD patients stratified by CAA (adjusted OR=1.437, 95% CI=1.034–1.996, P=0.031). Moreover, a stratified analysis of age and gender in KD patients indicated that the rs3003174 TT genotype increased the risk of CAA formation in aged ≦60 months (CC/CT vs TT: adjusted OR=1.580, 95% CI=1.106–2.259, P=0.012) and male (CC/CT vs TT: adjusted OR=1.653, 95% CI=1.101–2.481, P=0.015) KD patients. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the FNDC1 rs3003174 C>T polymorphism may be a hazard factor in the formation of CAA in KD patients that was not disclosed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishuai Wang
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanran Mai
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pi
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
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Functional Captures of Multiple Human Quantitative Trait Loci Regulating Blood Pressure with the Use of Orthologs in Genetically Defined Rat Models. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:756-763. [PMID: 32389346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most signals from human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for blood pressure (BP) are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It was unknown if such SNPs can functionally affect BP. Because BP is similar between humans and rodents, unraveling basic mechanisms from rodents can reveal the same BP-modulating mechanisms in humans originating from their common ancestors while overcoming limitations in human epidemiology. METHODS For the first time, we used quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats as functional surrogates to capture human BP QTLs. RESULTS A total of 107 human GWAS genes may be classified into 2 common pathways of hypertension pathogeneses. Among them, 4 DSS BP QTLs correspond to 4 human GWAS genes. Each of them independently showed a major impact on BP in vivo and thus functional redundancy. BP was altered by each of these 4 QTLs, but human GWAS SNPs marking these QTLs do not exist in the rat. They cannot be responsible for physiological changes in BP caused by these QTLs and are genome signposts marking positions of the QTLs nearby, rather than being QTLs themselves. These SNPs appeared during primate evolution, independently of BP regulation. Because the functional dosage of QTLs, not their gene dose, determined hypertension pathogenesis, a role for the noncoding GWAS SNPs in BP via regulating gene expressions can be discounted. CONCLUSIONS The human QTLs may function in a common pathway, with each involved in a different step in the pathway leading to BP control. These results may be conceptually paradigm shifting.
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Deng AY. Modularity/non-cumulativity of quantitative trait loci on blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 34:432-439. [PMID: 32123286 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Large numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for blood pressure (BP) exist and have long been thought to function by accumulating their individual miniscule effects. Recent experimental evidence in the functional biology of BP control has tested this intuitive assumption. A new paradigm has emerged that BP is biologically determined in modularity by multiple QTLs. Functionally, when a master regulator is taken out, distinct epistatic modules organize biological 'blocks' into a genetic architecture, and serve as basic functional cores from which numerous QTLs act together to physiologically formulate BP. An epistatic module refers to the grouping of QTLs that perform their functions epistatically to one another and influence BP as a group. The modularity mechanism framework indicates that BP as a quantitatively-measured trait is not cumulatively determined and implies that the QTLs in the same epistatic module may participate in the same pathway leading to the BP control, and the QTLs from separate epistatic modules may act in divergent but parallel pathways. This mechanistic conceptualization and subsequent validations synergize with anticipated demands from current human epidemiological studies, since the outcome from them primarily implicates single nucleotide polymorphisms with unknown functions. Eventually, functional understandings of the human results have to be realized by their pathogenic directionality and mechanisms biologically controlling BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Deng
- Research Centre-Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department de medicine, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Xiao Y, Wei R, Yuan Z, Lan X, Kuang J, Hu D, Song Y, Luo J. Rutin suppresses FNDC1 expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to inhibit postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6680-6690. [PMID: 31737218 PMCID: PMC6834492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A previous study revealed that rutin is the main component of Eucommia flavonoids that exerts a protective effect against osteopenia. The bone density and trabecular bone number of osteoporosis model rats can be significantly improved after treatment with rutin. Further study using whole gene expression profiling revealed that FNDC1, a fibronectin type III domain-containing protein, may be a novel bone metabolism-related factor that is decreased in rutin-treated rats. The mechanism underlying the effects of rutin treatment on osteoporosis is important to explore. Micro-CT, western blotting, quantitative PCR, transmission electron microscopy, and Alizarin Red mineralization staining assays were performed to evaluate bone density, FNDC1 expression and autophagy to determine whether FNDC1 might play a significant role in rutin-inhibited trabecular bone loss in rats. FNDC1 expression was high in the osteoporosis group, whereas rutin treatment facilitated FNDC1 downregulation. In addition, rutin promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell autophagy by inhibiting phosphorylated Akt in osteoporosis. In summary, our study shows that rutin could regulate FNCD1 level and autophagy through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongxia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Expression Analysis of Fibronectin Type III Domain-Containing (FNDC) Genes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:3784172. [PMID: 31093274 PMCID: PMC6481110 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3784172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC) proteins fulfill manifold functions in tissue development and regulation of cellular metabolism. FNDC4 was described as anti-inflammatory factor, upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FNDC signaling includes direct cell-cell interaction as well as release of bioactive peptides, like shown for FNDC4 or FNDC5. The G-protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) was found as a putative FNDC4 receptor. We here aim to comprehensively analyze the mRNA expression of FNDC1, FNDC3A, FNDC3B, FNDC4, FNDC5, and GPR116 in nonaffected and affected mucosal samples of patients with IBD or colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Mucosa samples were obtained from 30 patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy or from surgical resection of IBD or CRC. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, FNDC expression data from publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets (GDS4296, GDS4515, and GDS5232) were analyzed. Results Basal mucosal expression revealed higher expression of FNDC3A and FNDC5 in the ileum compared to colonic segments. FNDC1 and FNDC4 were significantly upregulated in IBD. None of the investigated FNDCs was differentially expressed in CRC, just FNDC3A trended to be upregulated. The GEO data set analysis revealed significantly downregulated FNDC4 and upregulated GPR116 in microsatellite unstable (MSI) CRCs. The expression of FNDCs and GPR116 was independent of age and sex. Conclusions FNDC1 and FNDC4 may play a relevant role in the pathobiology of IBD, but none of the investigated FNDCs is regulated in CRC. GPR116 may be upregulated in advanced or MSI CRC. Further studies should validate the altered FNDC expression results on protein levels and examine the corresponding functional consequences.
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Padmanabhan S, Joe B. Towards Precision Medicine for Hypertension: A Review of Genomic, Epigenomic, and Microbiomic Effects on Blood Pressure in Experimental Rat Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1469-1528. [PMID: 28931564 PMCID: PMC6347103 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence for the inherited nature of essential hypertension has led to extensive research in rats and humans. Rats have served as the primary model for research on the genetics of hypertension resulting in identification of genomic regions that are causally associated with hypertension. In more recent times, genome-wide studies in humans have also begun to improve our understanding of the inheritance of polygenic forms of hypertension. Based on the chronological progression of research into the genetics of hypertension as the "structural backbone," this review catalogs and discusses the rat and human genetic elements mapped and implicated in blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from these genetic studies that provide evidence to suggest that much of the genetic influence on hypertension residing within noncoding elements of our DNA and operating through pervasive epistasis or gene-gene interactions is highlighted. Lastly, perspectives on current thinking that the more complex "triad" of the genome, epigenome, and the microbiome operating to influence the inheritance of hypertension, is documented. Overall, the collective knowledge gained from rats and humans is disappointing in the sense that major hypertension-causing genes as targets for clinical management of essential hypertension may not be a clinical reality. On the other hand, the realization that the polygenic nature of hypertension prevents any single locus from being a relevant clinical target for all humans directs future studies on the genetics of hypertension towards an individualized genomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Cheng X, Waghulde H, Mell B, Morgan EE, Pruett-Miller SM, Joe B. Positional cloning of quantitative trait nucleotides for blood pressure and cardiac QT-interval by targeted CRISPR/Cas9 editing of a novel long non-coding RNA. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006961. [PMID: 28827789 PMCID: PMC5578691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple GWAS studies have reported strong association of cardiac QT-interval to a region on HSA17. Interestingly, a rat locus homologous to this region is also linked to QT-intervals. The high resolution positional mapping study located the rat QT-interval locus to a <42.5kb region on RNO10. This region contained no variants in protein-coding sequences, but a prominent contiguous 19bp indel polymorphism was noted within a novel predicted long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which we named as Rffl-lnc1. To assess the candidacy of this novel lncRNA on QT-interval, targeted CRISPR/Cas9 based genome-engineering approaches were applied on the rat strains used to map this locus. Targeted disruption of the rat Rffl-lnc1 locus caused aberrant, short QT-intervals and elevated blood pressure. Further, to specifically examine the significance of the 19bp polymorphism within the Rffl-lnc1 locus, a CRISPR/Cas9 based targeted knock-in rescue model was constructed by inserting the 19bp into the strain which contained the deletion polymorphism. The knock-in alleles successfully rescued the aberrant QT-interval and blood pressure phenotypes. Further studies revealed that the 19bp polymorphism was necessary and sufficient to recapitulate the phenotypic effect of the previously mapped <42.5kb rat locus. To our knowledge, this study is the first demonstration of a combination of both CRISPR/Cas9 based targeted disruption as well as CRISPR/Cas9 based targeted knock-in rescue approaches applied for a mammalian positional cloning study, which defines the quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) within a rat long non-coding RNA as being important for the pleiotropic regulation of both cardiac QT-intervals and blood pressure. Diseases of the cardiovascular system such as essential hypertension do not have a clear cause, but are known to run in families. The inheritance patterns of essential hypertension and other cardiac diseases suggest that they are not due to a single defective gene but instead are caused by multiple genetic defects that are inherited together in a patient. This complex inheritance makes it difficult to pinpoint the underlying defects. Here, we describe a panel of genetically-engineered rats, using which we have discovered a novel gene, which does not code for any protein, as a gene required for maintenance of normal blood pressure. Structural defects within this non-coding RNA cause hypertension and cardiac short-QT interval. Further, by performing genome surgery to correct the gene defect, we demonstrate the precise error in nucleotides that was inherited and caused hypertension and cardiac short-QT interval syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Blair Mell
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Eric E. Morgan
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Bina Joe
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Das DK, Ogunwobi OO. A novel microRNA-1207-3p/FNDC1/FN1/AR regulatory pathway in prostate cancer. RNA & DISEASE 2017; 4:e1503. [PMID: 28251177 PMCID: PMC5328418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-specific deaths in the U.S. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its development and progression remain unclear. Studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in PCa. The intron-derived microRNA-1207-3p (miR-1207-3p) is encoded at the non-protein coding gene locus PVT1 on the 8q24 human chromosomal region, an established PCa susceptibility locus. However, miR-1207-3p in PCa had not previously been investigated. Therefore, we explored if miR-1207-3p plays any regulatory role in PCa. We discovered that miR-1207-3p is significantly underexpressed in PCa cell lines in comparison to normal prostate epithelial cells, and that increased expression of microRNA-1207-3p in PCa cells significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and induces apoptosis via direct molecular targeting of fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (FNDC1). Our studies also revealed significant overexpression of FNDC1, fibronectin (FN1) and the androgen receptor (AR) in human PCa cell lines as well as tissues, and FNDC1, FN1, and AR positively correlate with aggressive PCa. These findings, recently published in Experimental Cell Research, are the first to describe a novel miR-1207-3p/FNDC1/FN1/AR novel regulatory pathway in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibash K. Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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