1
|
Manageiro V, Caria A, Furtado C, Botelho A, Oleastro M, Gonçalves SC. Intersectoral collaboration in a One Health approach: Lessons learned from a country-level simulation exercise. One Health 2023; 17:100649. [PMID: 38116455 PMCID: PMC10728331 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intersectoral collaboration is an essential component of the One Health (OH) approach, which recognises the interconnectedness of the health of humans, animals, and the environment. The OH European Joint Programme (OHEJP) developed a national foodborne outbreak table-top simulation exercise (SimEx) to practice OH capacity and interoperability across the public health, animal health, and food safety sectors, improving OH preparedness for future disease outbreaks. The Portuguese OHEJP SimEx highlighted strengths and weaknesses regarding the roles and functions of available systems, the constraints of existing legislation, the importance of harmonisation and data sharing, and the creation of common main messages adapted to each target sector. However, there is still a long way to go to ensure cooperation among the Public Health, Animal Health, and Food Safety sectors, as a OH approach relies not only on the awareness of "field experts" but also on political and organisational willingness and commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Manageiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Public Health Microbiology Path (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Caria
- Animal Health and Epidemiology Division, Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Furtado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Botelho
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cavaco Gonçalves
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hahné S, Hammer C, Tostmann A, Whelan J, Williams C. Field Epidemiology: Fit for the future. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300347. [PMID: 37676144 PMCID: PMC10486192 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.36.2300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, field epidemiologists have embraced rapidly evolving digital tools, data sources and technologies, and collaborated with an ever-growing field of scientific specialisms. The COVID-19 pandemic put field epidemiology under unprecedented demand and scrutiny. As the COVID-19 emergency recedes, it is timely to reflect on the core values of our profession and the unique challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. In November 2022, alumni of the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET) and the European Public Health Microbiology (EUPHEM) training programme celebrated 25 years of EPIET, and the present and future of field epidemiology was discussed. The output was recorded and qualitatively analysed. This Perspective reflects the authors' interpretation of the discussion. We should reaffirm our commitment to field epidemiology's core strengths: competence and rigour in epidemiology, surveillance, outbreak investigation and applied research, leading to timely and actionable evidence for public health. Our future success will be defined by an ability to adapt, collaborate, harness innovation, communicate and, ultimately, by our tangible impact on protecting and improving health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hahné
- National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Charlotte Hammer
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- EPIET Alumni Network (EAN) Board
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alma Tostmann
- EPIET Alumni Network (EAN) Board
- Radboud university medical centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jane Whelan
- EPIET Alumni Network (EAN) Board
- EpiSmart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Field E, Strathearn M, Boyd-Skinner C, Dyda A. Usefulness of linked data for infectious disease events: a systematic review. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e46. [PMID: 36843485 PMCID: PMC10052405 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance is a key public health function to enable early detection of infectious disease events and inform public health action. Data linkage may improve the depth of data for response to infectious disease events. This study aimed to describe the uses of linked data for infectious disease events. A systematic review was conducted using Pubmed, CINAHL and Web of Science. Studies were included if they used data linkage for an acute infectious disease event (e.g. outbreak of disease). We summarised the event, study aims and designs; data sets; linkage methods; outcomes reported; and benefits and limitations. Fifty-four studies were included. Uses of linkage for infectious disease events included assessment of severity of disease and risk factors; improved case finding and contact tracing; and vaccine uptake, safety and effectiveness. The ability to conduct larger scale population level studies was identified as a benefit, in particular for rarer exposures, risk factors or outcomes. Limitations included timeliness, data quality and inability to collect additional variables. This review demonstrated multiple uses of data linkage for infectious disease events. As infectious disease events occur without warning, there is a need to establish pre-approved protocols and the infrastructure for data-linkage to enhance information available during an event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Field
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Melanie Strathearn
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Amalie Dyda
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dejyong T, Chanachai K, Prarakamawongsa T, Kongkaew W, Thiptara A, Songserm T, Rukkwamsuk T, TagoPacheco D, Phimpraphai W. Economic and value chain analysis to support an investigation and risk mitigation efforts on Marek's disease in layers in the southern part of Thailand. Vet World 2023; 16:35-45. [PMID: 36855347 PMCID: PMC9967704 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.35-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease affecting chickens and causing economic losses in commercial poultry. The MD outbreak was noticed in the southern part of Thailand in 2019. The suspected cases were found with an abnormal number of cases of layers dying with clinical signs, for example, weakness and emaciation, with evidence of MD gross lesions. This study aimed to raise awareness of the MD outbreak through value chain analysis (VCA), identifying associated possible risk factors, and estimating the associated economic impact. Materials and Methods Value chain analysis, including seasonal calendar, value chain diagram, and layer movement mapping of the layer industry, was conducted. High-risk stakeholders were identified on the basis of risk practices and interactions between stakeholders. A case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with the MD outbreak on layer farms, and partial budget analysis was used to estimate economic losses associated with MD. Results The value chain diagram showed the linkages between stakeholders, including estimation of the percentage of products moved from one stakeholder group to another and the negotiated price. Fourteen out of 35 layer farms were case farms. Farm size and source of birds were significantly associated with the MD outbreak. The MD outbreak caused total economic losses of 295,823 USD. Farms that slaughtered infected birds with additional revenues incurred losses of 140,930 USD, whereas farms that culled infected birds without additional revenue returned incurred losses of 1995 USD. Conclusion The VCA provided a better understanding of the layer and egg businesses in South Thailand and guided the development of questionnaires for outbreak investigation. The potential risk factor findings suggested the need for further exploration of the source of the MD outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosapol Dejyong
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Phranakorn, Bangkok, Thailand, 10200,Graduate Student, Bio-Veterinary Science Program (International), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10900
| | - Karoon Chanachai
- United States Agency for International Development, Regional Development Mission Asia, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Tippawon Prarakamawongsa
- Regional Field Epidemiology Training Program for Veterinarians, Department of Livestock Development, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand, 104004
| | - Wandee Kongkaew
- Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Thung Song, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, 80110
| | - Anyarat Thiptara
- Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Thung Song, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, 80110
| | - Taweesak Songserm
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140
| | - Theera Rukkwamsuk
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140
| | - Damian TagoPacheco
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Phranakorn, Bangkok, Thailand, 10200
| | - Waraphon Phimpraphai
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140,Corresponding author: Waraphon Phimpraphai, e-mail: Co-authors: TD: , KC: , TP: , WK: , AT: , TS: , TR: , DT:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lorenzen MC, Weiser AA, Pieper R, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M, Numata J. Introducing the Rapid Alert Supply Network Extractor (RASNEX) tool to mine supply chain information from food and feed contamination notifications in Europe. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254301. [PMID: 34314433 PMCID: PMC8315510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During food or feed contamination events, it is of utmost importance to ensure their rapid resolution to minimize impact on human health, animal health and finances. The existing Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) is used by the European Commission, national competent authorities of member countries and the European Food Safety Authority to report information on any direct or indirect human health risk arising from food or feed, or serious risks to animal health or the environment in relation to feed. Nevertheless, no methods exist to to collectively evaluate this vast source of supply chain information. Methods To aid in the extraction, evaluation and visualization of the data in RASFF notifications, we present the Rapid Alert Supply Network Extractor (RASNEX) open-source tool available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322555 freely. Among RASNEX’s functions is the graphical mapping of food and feed supply chain operators implicated in contamination events. RASNEX can be used during ongoing events as a support tool for risk analysis using RASFF notifications as input. Results In a first use case, we showcase the functionality of RASNEX with the RASFF notification on a 2017/2018 contamination event in eggs caused by the illegal use of fipronil. The information in this RASFF notification is used to visualize nine different flows of main and related food products. In a second use case, we combine RASFF notifications from different types of food safety hazards (Salmonella spp., fipronil and others) to obtain wider coverage of the visualized egg supply network compared to the first use case. Actors in the egg supply chain were identified mainly for Italy, Poland and Benelux. Other countries (although involved in the egg supply chain) were underrepresented. Conclusions We hypothesize that biases may be caused by inconsistent RASFF reporting behaviors by its members. These inconsistencies may be counteracted by implementing standardized decision-making tools to harmonize decisions whether to launch a RASFF notification, in turn resulting in a more uniform future coverage across European food and feed supply chains with RASNEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin A. Weiser
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jorge Numata
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cordeiro MC, Santos L, Angelo ACM, Marujo LG. Research directions for supply chain management in facing pandemics: an assessment based on bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2021.1902487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luan Santos
- Production Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Production Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | | | - Lino G. Marujo
- Production Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Utility of whole-genome sequencing during an investigation of multiple foodborne outbreaks of Shigella sonnei. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e71. [PMID: 33641696 PMCID: PMC8060841 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2018, Public Health England was notified of cases of Shigella sonnei who had eaten food from three different catering outlets in England. The outbreaks were initially investigated as separate events, but whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed they were caused by the same strain. The investigation included analyses of epidemiological data, the food chain and microbiological examination of food samples. WGS was used to determine the phylogenetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance profile of the outbreak strain. Ultimately, 33 cases were linked to this outbreak; the majority had eaten food from seven outlets specialising in Indian or Middle Eastern cuisine. Five outlets were linked to two or more cases, all of which used fresh coriander although a shared supplier was not identified. An investigation at one of the venues recorded that 86% of cases reported eating dishes with coriander as an ingredient or garnish. Four cases were admitted to hospital and one had evidence of treatment failure with ciprofloxacin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the outbreak strain was part of a wider multidrug-resistant clade associated with travel to Pakistan. Poor hygiene practices during cultivation, distribution or preparation of fresh produce are likely contributing factors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Food safety continues to threaten public health. Machine learning holds potential in leveraging large, emerging data sets to improve the safety of the food supply and mitigate the impact of food safety incidents. Foodborne pathogen genomes and novel data streams, including text, transactional, and trade data, have seen emerging applications enabled by a machine learning approach, such as prediction of antibiotic resistance, source attribution of pathogens, and foodborne outbreak detection and risk assessment. In this article, we provide a gentle introduction to machine learning in the context of food safety and an overview of recent developments and applications. With many of these applications still in their nascence, general and domain-specific pitfalls and challenges associated with machine learning have begun to be recognized and addressed, which are critical to prospective use and future deployment of large data sets and their associated machine learning models for food safety applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Deng
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA;
| | - Shuhao Cao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63105, USA;
| | - Abigail L Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mbonane TP, Naicker N. Knowledge, attitude and practices of environmental health practitioners conducting food-borne disease outbreak investigation at a local municipality in Gauteng province, South Africa. Health SA 2020; 25:1359. [PMID: 32670622 PMCID: PMC7343944 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v25i0.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food-borne disease (FBD) outbreaks are a common occurrence that is either not investigated or poorly investigated. According to anecdote evidence, this is because of non-uniformity to environmental health practices in South Africa. Aim This study aimed to determine and describe the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of environmental health practitioners (EHPs) when conducting outbreak investigations of FBD at a local municipality. Setting This study was conducted in three sub-districts of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM), one of five municipalities in Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Continuous variables were compared using analysis of variances, and correlation was used to determine any association. Results Knowledge responses were scored out of 9. Open-ended questions were themed into five items (support, guidelines, resources, training and specialisation). Sixty-one (76.3%) participants were randomly selected to participate in the study. There were more female participants (55.7%) than male participants, and the mean age was 30.9 years. The participants’ knowledge scores ranged from 1 to 9. There were 17 (27.9%) participants who have conducted FBD outbreak investigation. Twenty-six (42.6%) believed that they were properly trained to conduct FBD outbreak investigations. Age was associated with position (p = 0.000) and qualification (p = 0.033). Conclusion The results indicated that there are gaps and challenges in the knowledge, while the practices were not consistent amongst environmental health practitioners. However, the attitude of EHPs was positive with regard to their role in FBD outbreak investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thokozani P Mbonane
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nisha Naicker
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fechner C, Greiner M, Heseker H, Lindtner O. Refinement of dietary exposure assessment using origin-related scenarios. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:492-503. [PMID: 30728483 PMCID: PMC7181391 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global sourcing of food may lead to variability in concentrations of contaminants or pesticide residues. It would be important to incorporate origin influences in dietary exposure assessment. To characterise uncertainties, substance concentrations from GFM (German Food Monitoring), chosen based on the highest CV (coefficient of variation), and food consumption from NVS II (German National Nutrition Survey II) were combined in standard scenarios. Averages or higher percentiles of non-grouped concentrations were used. Additional origin-related scenarios used concentrations grouped by origin. For bromide in tomatoes the most conservative origin-related scenario for Italian tomatoes resulted in the highest exposure of 0.015 mg/d/kg BW. The impact of origin was not covered by the conservative standard scenario (0.006 mg/d/kg BW). For ethephon in pineapples and aluminium in kiwifruits, the highest intake estimates were obtained with the conservative standard scenario resulting in 0.895 μg/d/kg BW and 0.023 mg/week/kg BW, respectively. In these two cases, standard scenarios cover origin influences but the conservative origin-related scenario based on origins with higher concentrations identifies lower exposures of 0.835 μg/d/kg BW for ethephon from African pineapples and 0.014 mg/week/kg BW for aluminium from non-EU kiwifruits. Hence, the inclusion of origin information can refine exposure assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Fechner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Greiner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helmut Heseker
- University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Enkirch T, Eriksson R, Persson S, Schmid D, Aberle SW, Löf E, Wittesjö B, Holmgren B, Johnzon C, Gustafsson EX, Svensson LM, Sandelin LL, Richter L, Lindblad M, Brytting M, Maritschnik S, Tallo T, Malm T, Sundqvist L, Ederth JL. Hepatitis A outbreak linked to imported frozen strawberries by sequencing, Sweden and Austria, June to September 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 30326994 PMCID: PMC6194910 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.41.1800528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Between June–September 2018, 20 hepatitis A cases were notified in six counties in Sweden. Combined epidemiological and microbiological investigations identified imported frozen strawberries produced in Poland as the source of the outbreak. Sequence analysis confirmed the outbreak strain IB in the strawberries with 100 % identity and the respective batch was withdrawn. Sharing the sequence information internationally led to the identification of 14 additional cases in Austria, linked to strawberries from the same producer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Enkirch
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Daniela Schmid
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emma Löf
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bengt Wittesjö
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Blekinge County, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Holmgren
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Skåne County, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Johnzon
- The Environment and Health Administration of Stockholm Municipality, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva X Gustafsson
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Skåne County, Sweden
| | - Lena M Svensson
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Östergötland County, Sweden
| | - Lisa Labbé Sandelin
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Kalmar County, Sweden
| | - Lukas Richter
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Therese Malm
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Gävleborg County, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smielewska A, Pearson C, Popay A, Roddick I, Reacher M, Emmott E, He J, Thaxter R, Chenery C, Goodfellow I, Burke A, Jalal H. Unrecognised Outbreak: Human parainfluenza virus infections in a pediatric oncology unit. A new diagnostic PCR and virus monitoring system may allow early detection of future outbreaks. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:119. [PMID: 30687791 PMCID: PMC6338131 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14732.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are significant causes of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with type 3 (HPIV3) causing the most severe disease in the immunocompromised cohorts. The objective of this study was to analyse the epidemiological nature of a cluster of cases of HPIV3 in a pediatric oncology unit of a major teaching hospital. Methods: In order to determine whether the activity observed represented a deviation from the norm, seasonal trends of HPIV3 in the surrounding geographical area as well as on the ward in question were analysed. The genetic link between cases was established by the phylogenetic analysis of the non-coding hypervariable region between the M (Matrix) and F (fusion) genes of HPIV3. The 15 cases involved and 15 unrelated cases were sequenced. Transmission routes were subsequently inferred and visualized using Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) 3.3.2. Results: Of the 15 cases identified, 14 were attributed to a point source outbreak. Two out of 14 outbreak cases were found to differ by a single mutation A182C. The outbreak strain was also seen in 1 out of 15 unrelated cases, indicating that it was introduced from the community. Transmission modeling was not able to link all the cases and establish a conclusive chain of transmission. No staff were tested during the outbreak period. No deaths occurred as a result of the outbreak. Conclusion: A point source outbreak of HPIV3 was recognized post factum on an oncology pediatric unit in a major teaching hospital. This raised concern about the possibility of a future more serious outbreak. Weaknesses in existing systems were identified and a new dedicated respiratory virus monitoring system introduced. Pediatric oncology units require sophisticated systems for early identification of potentially life-threatening viral outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smielewska
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Callum Pearson
- Field Epidemiology Service East of England, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB20SR, UK
| | - Ashley Popay
- Field Epidemiology Service East of England, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB20SR, UK
| | - Iain Roddick
- Field Epidemiology Service East of England, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB20SR, UK
| | - Mark Reacher
- Field Epidemiology Service East of England, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB20SR, UK
| | - Edward Emmott
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, USA
| | - Jenny He
- Infection Control, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rachel Thaxter
- Infection Control, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carol Chenery
- Infection Control, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amos Burke
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hamid Jalal
- Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kantala T, Maunula L. Hepatitis E virus: zoonotic and foodborne transmission in developed countries. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), together with hepatitis A virus, transmits via the fecal–oral route. The number of domestic hepatitis E cases among Europeans has grown alarmingly during the past 5 years. Surveillance studies suggest that the number of foodborne HEV infections is increasing most rapidly. Zoonotic HEV genotype HEV-3 is prevalent among pigs and wild boars in Europe and many developed countries, whereas zoonotic genotype HEV-4 is more common in pigs in some Asian countries. This review presents the most recent data about possible foodborne transmission of HEV via pigs and other production animals and about the presence of HEV in high-risk foods, such as ready-to-eat meat products. Possible solutions about how to tackle this problem are discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Kantala
- Department of Food Hygiene & Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Maunula
- Department of Food Hygiene & Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inns T, Cleary P, Bundle N, Foulkes S, Sharp A, Utsi L, McBrien C, Teagle R, Waldram A, Williams C, McCann C, Smith R, Saleh S, McCarthy N, Vivancos R, Hawker J, Decraene V. Novel application of the matched case-control design to compare food supply chains during an Escherichia coli O157 outbreak, United Kingdom, 2016. Euro Surveill 2018; 23:17-00195. [PMID: 29741154 PMCID: PMC6053626 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.18.17-00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for innovative methods to investigate outbreaks of food-borne infection linked to produce with a complex distribution network. The investigation of a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 PT34 infection in the United Kingdom in 2016 indicated that catering venues associated with multiple cases had used salad leaves sourced from one supplier. Our aim was to investigate whether catering venues linked to cases were more likely to have used salad leaves from this supplier. We conducted a matched case-control study, with catering venues as the units of analysis. We compared venues linked to cases to those without known linked cases. We included 43 study pairs and obtained information on salad leaf products received by each venue. The odds of a case venue being supplied with salad leaves by Supplier A were 7.67 times (95% confidence interval: 2.30-25.53) those of control venues. This association provided statistical evidence to support the findings of the other epidemiological investigations undertaken for this outbreak. This is a novel approach which is labour-intensive but which addresses the challenge of investigating exposures to food across a complex distribution network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Inns
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cleary
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Bundle
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Foulkes
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Sharp
- North West Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Utsi
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris McBrien
- North West Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rehman Teagle
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Waldram
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Williams
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy McCann
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Smith
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sepeedeh Saleh
- North West Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Noel McCarthy
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Vivancos
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hawker
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Decraene
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gobin M, Hawker J, Cleary P, Inns T, Gardiner D, Mikhail A, McCormick J, Elson R, Ready D, Dallman T, Roddick I, Hall I, Willis C, Crook P, Godbole G, Tubin-Delic D, Oliver I. National outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to mixed salad leaves, United Kingdom, 2016. Euro Surveill 2018; 23:17-00197. [PMID: 29741151 PMCID: PMC6053625 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.18.17-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 in the United Kingdom (UK) with 165 cases between 31 May and 29 July 2016. No linked cases were reported in other countries. Cases were predominately female (n = 128) and adult (n = 150), 66 attended hospital and nine had features of haemorrhagic uraemic syndrome. A series of epidemiological studies (case-control, case-case, ingredients-based and venue-based studies) and supply chain investigations implicated mixed salad leaves from Supplier A as the likely outbreak vehicle. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) indicated a link with strains from the Mediterranean and informed the outbreak control team to request that Supplier A cease distributing salad leaves imported from Italy. Microbiological tests of samples of salad leaves from Supplier A were negative. We were unable to confirm the source of contamination or the contaminated constituent leaf although our evidence pointed to red batavia received from Italy as the most likely vehicle. Variations in Shiga toxin-producing E.coli surveillance and diagnosis may have prevented detection of cases outside the UK and highlights a need for greater standardisation. WGS was useful in targeting investigations, but greater coverage across Europe is needed to maximise its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gobin
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hawker
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cleary
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Inns
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Gardiner
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Mikhail
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacquelyn McCormick
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Elson
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derren Ready
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dallman
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Roddick
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Hall
- Emergency Response Department Science and Technology, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Willis
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Crook
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isabel Oliver
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at the University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cacciò SM, Chalmers RM, Dorny P, Robertson LJ. Foodborne parasites: Outbreaks and outbreak investigations. A meeting report from the European network for foodborne parasites (Euro-FBP). Food Waterborne Parasitol 2018; 10:1-5. [PMID: 32095595 PMCID: PMC7033997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne parasites (FBP) are a neglected topic in food safety, due to lack of awareness of their importance for public health, their biological diversity, and, for many FBP, lack of standardized detection methods, which complicates identification of the infection vehicle. The COST Action FA1408, A European Network for Foodborne Parasites (Euro-FBP), aims to limit the impact of FBP on public health by facilitating multidisciplinary cooperation and partnership among researchers, and between researchers and stakeholders. Outbreaks represent a common topic overarching specialization in one or more FBP, thus providing a platform for knowledge exchange. This report summarizes the outcomes of a meeting within the Euro-FBP consortium entitled 'Outbreaks and Outbreak Investigations'. Recent and historical outbreaks of trichinellosis, opisthorchiasis, and cryptosporidiosis were used as examples to underline the complexity of the topic, the different foods implicated and their traceability, and the lack of standardized detection methods for some parasites. Possible solutions to overcome current limitations were also illustrated. The meeting provided an opportunity to learn from recent advances in the study of bacterial foodborne outbreaks, with an emphasis on genome analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone M. Cacciò
- Department of Infectious Diseases, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rachel M. Chalmers
- Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology and Health Protection, Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8QA, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
MIKHAIL AFW, JENKINS C, DALLMAN TJ, INNS T, DOUGLAS A, MARTÍN AIC, FOX A, CLEARY P, ELSON R, HAWKER J. An outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with contaminated salad leaves: epidemiological, genomic and food trace back investigations. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:187-196. [PMID: 29248018 PMCID: PMC9134740 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In August 2015, Public Health England detected an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157:H7 caused by contaminated salad leaves in a mixed leaf prepacked salad product from a national retailer. The implicated leaves were cultivated at five different farms and the zoonotic source of the outbreak strain was not determined. In March 2016, additional isolates from new cases were identified that shared a recent common ancestor with the outbreak strain. A case-case study involving the cases identified in 2016 revealed that ovine exposures were associated with illness (n = 16; AOR 8·24; 95% CI 1·55-39·74). By mapping the recent movement of sheep and lambs across the United Kingdom, epidemiological links were established between the cases reporting ovine exposures. Given the close phylogenetic relationship between the outbreak strain and the isolates from cases with ovine exposures, it is plausible that ovine faeces may have contaminated the salad leaves via untreated irrigation water or run-off from fields nearby. Timely and targeted veterinary and environmental sampling should be considered during foodborne outbreaks of STEC, particularly where ready to eat vegetables and salads are implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. JENKINS
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - T. J. DALLMAN
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - T. INNS
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, London, UK
| | - A. DOUGLAS
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - A. I. C. MARTÍN
- European Program for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. FOX
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - P. CLEARY
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, London, UK
| | - R. ELSON
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - J. HAWKER
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schielke A, Rabsch W, Prager R, Simon S, Fruth A, Helling R, Schnabel M, Siffczyk C, Wieczorek S, Schroeder S, Ahrens B, Oppermann H, Pfeiffer S, Merbecks SS, Rosner B, Frank C, Weiser AA, Luber P, Gilsdorf A, Stark K, Werber D. Two consecutive large outbreaks of Salmonella Muenchen linked to pig farming in Germany, 2013 to 2014: Is something missing in our regulatory framework? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:30528. [PMID: 28494842 PMCID: PMC5434879 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.18.30528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, raw pork was the suspected vehicle of a large outbreak (n = 203 cases) of Salmonella Muenchen in the German federal state of Saxony. In 2014, we investigated an outbreak (n = 247 cases) caused by the same serovar affecting Saxony and three further federal states in the eastern part of Germany. Evidence from epidemiological, microbiological and trace-back investigations strongly implicated different raw pork products as outbreak vehicles. Trace-back analysis of S. Muenchen-contaminated raw pork sausages narrowed the possible source down to 54 pig farms, and S. Muenchen was detected in three of them, which traded animals with each other. One of these farms had already been the suspected source of the 2013 outbreak. S. Muenchen isolates from stool of patients in 2013 and 2014 as well as from food and environmental surface swabs of the three pig farms shared indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Our results indicate a common source of both outbreaks in the primary production of pigs. Current European regulations do not make provisions for Salmonella control measures on pig farms that have been involved in human disease outbreaks. In order to prevent future outbreaks, legislators should consider tightening regulations for Salmonella control in causative primary production settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Schielke
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany.,Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE, German Field Epidemiology Training Programme), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Rabsch
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Rita Prager
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sandra Simon
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Helling
- Saxon State Ministry of Social Affairs and Consumer Protection, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schnabel
- Saxon State Ministry of Social Affairs and Consumer Protection, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Siffczyk
- Brandenburg State Office of Occupational Safety, Consumer Protection and Health, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sina Wieczorek
- Brandenburg State Office of Occupational Safety, Consumer Protection and Health, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabine Schroeder
- Thuringian State Authority for Consumer Protection, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Beate Ahrens
- Thuringian State Authority for Consumer Protection, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Hanna Oppermann
- Agency for Consumer Protection of the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfeiffer
- Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Rosner
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Christina Frank
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Armin A Weiser
- The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Luber
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Stark
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Dirk Werber
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany.,State Office for Health and Social Affairs, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jespersen L, Griffiths M, Wallace CA. Comparative analysis of existing food safety culture evaluation systems. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Murugadas V, Joseph TC, Lalitha KV. Tracing contamination of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) into seafood marketing chain by staphylococcal protein A typing. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Krutovyi G, Zaparenko A, Borysova A. Mathematical aspects of nutrition systems projecting for dietary therapy. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v11i1.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mathematical toolkit created and used for the design of durable nutrition systems aimed at the prevention and therapy of the diseases caused by calcium deficiency is analyzed. In particular, these are: the complex of mathematical models of the expendable diets and methods of the ingredients content optimization in them, mathematical model of daily diets optimization, and formalizationed method of fast and light determination of a diet’s biological value.The ways for the improvement of the developed mathematical toolkit aimed at the creation of the nutrition systems with higher level of both nutrients balance and provision of daily needs in them on the basis of using unconventional floury products enriched with the deficient nutrients, functionals for balancing the connected groups of nutrients are determined, as well as the introduction of aggregated restrictions on these groups of nutrients to the models (both products and rations).
Collapse
|
22
|
van Asselt ED, van der Fels-Klerx HJ, Breuer O, Helsloot I. Food Safety Crisis Management-A Comparison between Germany and the Netherlands. J Food Sci 2017; 82:477-483. [PMID: 28146273 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to prevent food safety incidents from becoming a crisis, a good crisis management structure is essential. The aim of the current study was to compare and evaluate the national food incident response plans of 2 neighboring EU Member States: Germany and the Netherlands. This revealed that the structure of these plans is comparable, starting with initial alerting, assessment of the problem, upscaling, an execution phase and finally an evaluation of the crisis management. However, the German communication structure is more complex than the Dutch one and cross-border communication between both countries is currently limited. In general, the presence of national response plans does not guarantee a good and swift response to a food safety incident as this is often hampered by difficulties in tracing the source of the problem as well as difficulties in communication between organizations involved in crisis management. A timely detection can be improved through the development of fast screening and detecting systems and through combining various data sources using computer software systems. Mutual cooperation and communication can be improved through joint exercises or projects. This will help to streamline communication toward consumers and trade partners. Such communication should be transparent relaying not only the facts but also the uncertainties in a crisis in order to gain consumer trust and safeguard international trade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D van Asselt
- RIKILT-Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H J van der Fels-Klerx
- RIKILT-Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - O Breuer
- GIQS, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - I Helsloot
- Radboud Univ. Nijmegen, Comeniuslaan 4, 6525 HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boelaert F, Amore G, Van der Stede Y, Hugas M. EU-wide monitoring of biological hazards along the food chain: achievements, challenges and EFSA vision for the future. Curr Opin Food Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|