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Kaur K, Kulkarni YA, Wairkar S. Exploring the potential of quercetin in Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Nanodelivery systems. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148905. [PMID: 38565372 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia that affects millions of people worldwide and its prevalence is likely to increase largely in the coming decades. Multiple complex pathways, such as oxidative stress, tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology, and cholinergic dysfunction, are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The conventional treatments provide only symptomatic relief and not a complete cure for the disease. On the other hand, recent studies have looked into the possibility of flavonoids as an effective therapeutic strategy for treating AD. Quercetin, a well-known flavonol, has been extensively studied for AD treatment. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the pharmacokinetics properties of quercetin and its modes of action, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, and neuroprotective properties, which are beneficial in treating AD. It also highlights the nano delivery systems of quercetin, including liposomes, nanostructures lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, and nanoparticles reported for AD treatment. The remarkable potential of quercetin nanocarriers has been reflected in enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, clinical studies must be conducted to explore it as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komaldeep Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India.
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2
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Islam F, Roy S, Zehravi M, Paul S, Sutradhar H, Yaidikar L, Kumar BR, Dogiparthi LK, Prema S, Nainu F, Rab SO, Doukani K, Emran TB. Polyphenols Targeting MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2686-2706. [PMID: 37922063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolic products found in plants that have been extensively studied for how well they regulate biological processes, such as the proliferation of cells, autophagy, and apoptosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling cascade is currently identified as a crucial pro-inflammatory pathway that plays a significant role in the development of neuroinflammation. This process has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), CNS damage, and cerebral ischemia. Getting enough polyphenols through eating habits has resulted in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress (OS) and lowering the susceptibility to associated neurodegenerative disorders, including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, stroke, and PD. Polyphenols possess significant promise in dealing with the root cause of neurological conditions by modulating multiple therapeutic targets simultaneously, thereby attenuating their complicated physiology. Several polyphenolic substances have demonstrated beneficial results in various studies and are presently undergoing clinical investigation to treat neurological diseases (NDs). The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the different aspects of the MAPK pathway involved in neurological conditions, along with an appraisal of the progress made in using polyphenols to regulate the MAPK signaling system to facilitate the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shyamjit Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hriday Sutradhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Lavanya Yaidikar
- Department of Pharmacology, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India
| | - B Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Moonray Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Raikal (V), Farooq Nagar (Tlq), Shadnagar (M), R.R Dist., Telangana, 501512, India
| | - Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MBU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Prema
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koula Doukani
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun-Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Santi MD, Carvalho D, Dapueto R, Bentura M, Zeni M, Martínez-González L, Martínez A, Peralta MA, Rey A, Giglio J, Ortega MG, Savio E, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Arredondo F. Prenylated Flavanone Isolated from Dalea Species as a Potential Multitarget-Neuroprotector in an In Vitro Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:23. [PMID: 38578482 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a neurodegenerative process that has not yet been prevented, reversed, or stopped. Continuing with the search for natural pharmacological treatments, flavonoids are a family of compounds with proven neuroprotective effects and multi-targeting behavior. The American genus Dalea L. (Fabaceae) is an important source of bioactive flavonoids. In this opportunity, we tested the neuroprotective potential of three prenylated flavanones isolated from Dalea species in a new in vitro pre-clinical AD model previously developed by us. Our approach consisted in exposing neural cells to conditioned media (3xTg-AD ACM) from neurotoxic astrocytes derived from hippocampi and cortices of old 3xTg-AD mice, mimicking a local neurodegenerative microenvironment. Flavanone 1 and 3 showed a neuroprotective effect against 3xTg-AD ACM, being 1 more active than 3. The structural requirements to afford neuroprotective activity in this model are a 5'-dimethylallyl and 4'-hydroxy at the B ring. In order to search the mechanistic performance of the most active flavanone, we focus on the flavonoid-mediated regulation of GSK-3β-mediated tau phosphorylation previously reported. Flavanone 1 treatment decreased the rise of hyperphosphorylated tau protein neuronal levels induced after 3xTg-AD ACM exposure and inhibited the activity of GSK-3β. Finally, direct exposure of these neurotoxic 3xTg-AD astrocytes to flavanone 1 resulted in toxicity to these cells and reduced the neurotoxicity of 3xTg-AD ACM as well. Our results allow us to present compound 1 as a natural prenylated flavanone that could be used as a precursor to development and design of future drug therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Santi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria. X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Carvalho
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
- Área de Matemática - DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Manuela Bentura
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maia Zeni
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Loreto Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Calle Ramiro Maétzu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Calle Ramiro Maétzu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Mariana A Peralta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria. X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Rey
- Área de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Giglio
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria G Ortega
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria. X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Savio
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Florencia Arredondo
- I+D Biomédico y Química Farmacéutica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
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Nazari-Serenjeh M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Hatami-Morassa M, Fahanik-Babaei J, Mehrabi S, Tashakori-Miyanroudi M, Ramazi S, Mohamadi-Zarch SM, Nourabadi D, Roghani M. Kolaviron neuroprotective effect against okadaic acid-provoked cognitive impairment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25564. [PMID: 38356522 PMCID: PMC10864987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is acknowledged as the main causative factor of dementia that affects millions of people around the world and is increasing at increasing pace. Okadaic acid (OA) is a toxic compound with ability to inhibit protein phosphatases and to induce tau protein hyperphosphorylation and Alzheimer's-like phenotype. Kolaviron (KV) is a bioflavonoid derived from Garcinia kola seeds with anti-antioxidative and anti-inflammation properties. The main goal of this study was to assess whether kolaviron can exert neuroprotective effect against okadaic acid-induced cognitive deficit. Rats had an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of OA and pretreated with KV at 50 or 100 mg/kg and examined for cognition besides histological and biochemical factors. OA group treated with KV at 100 mg/kg had less memory deficit in passive avoidance and novel object discrimination (NOD) tasks besides lower hippocampal levels of caspases 1 and 3, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde (MDA), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and higher level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, mitochondrial integrity index, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, KV pretreatment at 100 mg/kg attenuated hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reactivity as a factor of astrogliosis. In summary, KV was able to attenuate cognitive fall subsequent to ICV OA which is partly mediated through its neuroprotective potential linked to mitigation of tau hyperphosphorylation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress and also improvement of mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nazari-Serenjeh
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Hatami-Morassa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik-Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Tashakori-Miyanroudi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samira Ramazi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mahdi Mohamadi-Zarch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Davood Nourabadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang M, Huang C, Ou J, Liu F, Ou S, Zheng J. Glyoxal in Foods: Formation, Metabolism, Health Hazards, and Its Control Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2434-2450. [PMID: 38284798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Glyoxal is a highly reactive aldehyde widely present in common diet and environment and inevitably generated through various metabolic pathways in vivo. Glyoxal is easily produced in diets high in carbohydrates and fats via the Maillard reaction, carbohydrate autoxidation, and lipid peroxidation, etc. This leads to dietary intake being a major source of exogenous exposure. Exposure to glyoxal has been positively associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols, probiotics, hydrocolloids, and amino acids can reduce the content of glyoxal in foods via different mechanisms, thus reducing the risk of exogenous exposure to glyoxal and alleviating carbonyl stresses in the human body. This review discussed the formation and metabolism of glyoxal, its health hazards, and the strategies to reduce such health hazards. Future investigation of glyoxal from different perspectives is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Juanying Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, 510580 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Innovation Platform for the Safety of Bakery Products, 510632 Guangzhou , China
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Alexander C, Parsaee A, Vasefi M. Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37998052 PMCID: PMC10669725 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impairing cognition and memory in the elderly. This disorder has a complex etiology, including senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damaged neuroplasticity. Current treatment options are limited, so alternative treatments such as herbal medicine could suppress symptoms while slowing cognitive decline. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify potential herbal treatments, their associated medicinal phytochemicals, and the potential mechanisms of these treatments. Common herbs, including Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Buplerum falcatum, produced promising pre-clinical results. These herbs are rich in kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoids with a polyphenolic structure that facilitate multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include the inhibition of Aβ plaque formation, a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, the suppression of oxidative stress, and the modulation of BDNF and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using pre-clinical findings from quercetin research and the comparatively limited data on kaempferol, we proposed that kaempferol ameliorates the neuroinflammatory state, maintains proper cellular function, and restores pro-neuroplastic signaling. In this review, we discuss the anti-AD mechanisms of quercetin and kaempferol and their limitations, and we suggest a potential alternative treatment for AD. Our findings lead us to conclude that a polyherbal kaempferol- and quercetin-rich cocktail could treat AD-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Alexander
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ali Parsaee
- Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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Srivastava A, Kumari A, Jagdale P, Ayanur A, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Potential of Quercetin to Protect Cadmium Induced Cognitive Deficits in Rats by Modulating NMDA-R Mediated Downstream Signaling and PI3K/AKT-Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathways in Hippocampus. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:426-440. [PMID: 37460789 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium, a heavy metal distributed in the environment is a cause of concern due to associated health effects in population around the world. Continuing with the leads demonstrating alterations in brain cholinergic signalling in cadmium induced cognitive deficits by us; the study is focussed to understand involvement of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) and its postsynaptic signalling and Nrf2-ARE pathways in hippocampus. Also, the protective potential of quercetin, a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, was assessed in cadmium induced alterations. Cadmium treatment (5 mg/kg, body weight, p.o., 28 days) decreased mRNA expression and protein levels of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A) in rat hippocampus, compared to controls. Cadmium treated rats also exhibited decrease in levels of NMDA-R associated downstream signalling proteins (CaMKIIα, PSD-95, TrkB, BDNF, PI3K, AKT, Erk1/2, GSK3β, and CREB) and increase in levels of SynGap in hippocampus. Further, decrease in protein levels of Nrf2 and HO1 associated with increase in levels of Keap1 exhibits alterations in Nrf2/ARE signalling in hippocampus of cadmium treated rats. Degeneration of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus was also evident on cadmium treatment. Simultaneous treatment with quercetin (25 mg/kg body weight p.o., 28 days) was found to attenuate cadmium induced changes in hippocampus. The results provide novel evidence that cadmium exposure may disrupt integrity of NMDA receptors and its downstream signaling targets by affecting the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in hippocampus and these could contribute in cognitive deficits. It is further interesting that quercetin has the potential to protect cadmium induced changes by modulating Nrf2/ARE signaling which was effective to control NMDA-R and PI3K/AKT cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugya Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Area, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Anima Kumari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Area, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Area, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Anjaneya Ayanur
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Area, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Aditya Bhushan Pant
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Area, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Area, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Gravandi MM, Abdian S, Tahvilian M, Iranpanah A, Moradi SZ, Fakhri S, Echeverría J. Therapeutic targeting of Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway by natural products: A systematic and mechanistic approach for neurodegeneration. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154821. [PMID: 37119761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple dysregulated pathways are behind the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs); however, the crucial targets are still unknown. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation are the most dominant pathways that strongly influence neurodegeneration. In this way, targeting the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway appears to be a developing strategy for combating NDDs like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, aging, and other NDDs. Accordingly, plant secondary metabolites have shown promising potentials for the simultaneous modulation of the Ras/Raf/MAPKs pathway and play an essential role in NDDs. MAPKs include p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are important molecular players in neurodegeneration. Ras/Raf, which is located the upstream of MAPK pathway influences the initiation and progression of neurodegeneration and is regulated by natural products. PURPOSE Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective roles of plant- and marine-derived secondary metabolites against several NDDs through the modulation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic and comprehensive review was performed to highlight the modulatory roles of natural products on the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway in NDDs, according to the PRISMA guideline, using scholarly electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. Associated reference lists were also searched for the literature review. RESULTS From a total of 1495 results, finally 107 articles were included in the present study. The results show that several natural compounds such as alkaloid, phenolic, terpenoids, and nanoformulation were shown to have modulatory effects on the Ras/Raf/MAPKs pathway. CONCLUSION Natural products are promising multi-targeted agents with on NDDs through Ras/Raf/MAPKs pathway. Nevertheless, additional and complementary studies are necessary to check its efficacy and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadaf Abdian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maedeh Tahvilian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
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Liuzzi GM, Petraglia T, Latronico T, Crescenzi A, Rossano R. Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081913. [PMID: 37111131 PMCID: PMC10145943 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has seen an increase in our life expectancy. As a result, various age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), have emerged, representing new challenges to society. Oxidative stress (OS), a condition of redox imbalance resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species, represents a common feature that characterizes the brains of elderly people, thus contributing to NDs. Consequently, antioxidant supplementation or dietary intake of antioxidant-containing foods could represent an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention to maintain the integrity and survival of neurons and to counteract the neurodegenerative pathologies associated with aging. Food contains numerous bioactive molecules with beneficial actions for human health. To this purpose, a wide range of edible mushrooms have been reported to produce different antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, ergothioneine, and others, which might be used for dietary supplementation to enhance antioxidant defenses and, consequently, the prevention of age-related neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative stress in age-related NDs, focusing on the current knowledge of the antioxidant compounds present in edible mushrooms, and highlighting their potential to preserve healthy aging by counteracting age-associated NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tania Petraglia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Aniello Crescenzi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Kayano SI, Ito T. Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040880. [PMID: 37107256 PMCID: PMC10135282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Lin CH, Hsieh YS, Sun YC, Huang WH, Chen SL, Weng ZK, Lin TH, Wu YR, Chang KH, Huang HJ, Lee GC, Hsieh-Li HM, Lee-Chen GJ. Virtual Screening and Testing of GSK-3 Inhibitors Using Human SH-SY5Y Cells Expressing Tau Folding Reporter and Mouse Hippocampal Primary Culture under Tau Cytotoxicity. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:127-138. [PMID: 35790892 PMCID: PMC9810448 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an important serine/threonine kinase that implicates in multiple cellular processes and links with the neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, structure-based virtual screening was performed to search database for compounds targeting GSK-3β from Enamine's screening collection. Of the top-ranked compounds, 7 primary hits underwent a luminescent kinase assay and a cell assay using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells expressing Tau repeat domain (TauRD) with pro-aggregant mutation ΔK280. In the kinase assay for these 7 compounds, residual GSK-3β activities ranged from 36.1% to 90.0% were detected at the IC50 of SB-216763. In the cell assay, only compounds VB-030 and VB-037 reduced Tau aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD-DsRed folding reporter. In SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD, neither VB-030 nor VB-037 increased expression of GSK-3α Ser21 or GSK-3β Ser9. Among extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (JNK) which modulate Tau phosphorylation, VB-037 attenuated active phosphorylation of P38 Thr180/Tyr182, whereas VB-030 had no effect on the phosphorylation status of ERK, AKT, P38 or JNK. However, both VB-030 and VB-037 reduced endogenous Tau phosphorylation at Ser202, Thr231, Ser396 and Ser404 in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y expressing ΔK280 TauRD. In addition, VB-030 and VB-037 further improved neuronal survival and/or neurite length and branch in mouse hippocampal primary culture under Tau cytotoxicity. Overall, through inhibiting GSK-3β kinase activity and/or p-P38 (Thr180/Tyr182), both compounds may serve as promising candidates to reduce Tau aggregation/cytotoxicity for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shao Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Han Huang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Kui Weng
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
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A Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Mechanism of Dibutyl Phthalate of Ocimum basilicum L. against Alzheimer's Disease through the AKT/GSK-3 β Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9494548. [PMID: 36593772 PMCID: PMC9805396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9494548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Ocimum basilicum L. (OBL) is mainly used to treat neurological diseases in China. The preliminary work of this group showed that OBL improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Methods The components of OBL were compiled by literature search, and their active ingredients were screened by online database. The drug targets of OBL in the treatment of AD were predicted and analyzed using information derived from sources such as the SwissTargetPrediction tool. And through the network visual analysis function of Cytoscape software and protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI), the core targets of OBL treatment of AD are predicted. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to analyze the related signaling pathways affected by OBL. Moreover, AutoDock software was used to assess the potential binding affinity between the core targets and the active compounds. Subsequently, in vivo experiment was conducted to verify the findings of network pharmacology. Results A total of 35 active compounds and 188 targets of OBL were screened, of which 43 common targets were related to AD. The active compounds of 35 OBLs induced 118 GO and 78 KEGG. The results of PPI and network topology parameter analysis show that targets such as MAPK1, GSK3B, NR3C2, ESR1, and EGFR are known as the core targets for the treatment of AD by OBL and are docked with the active ingredients of OBL. Molecular docking results suggest that diterbutyl phthalate (DBP) may be the main active component of OBL for the treatment of AD. Flow cytometry analysis results showed that apoptosis decreased with increasing DBP dose. In addition, DBP significantly decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the supernatant of Aβ 25-35-induced injury HT22 cell cultures, and it can be speculated that DBP has the ability to protect the stability of injured neuronal cells and improve the permeability of cell membranes, thus stabilizing the intracellular environment. Mechanistically, DBP may increase the mRNA levels of AKT, GSK-3β, etc. in AD cell models and regulate the phosphorylation of AKT/GSK-3β pathway-related. Conclusions Conclusively, our study suggests that DBP, the main active component of OBL, has potential in the prevention or treatment of AD.
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Calderaro A, Patanè GT, Tellone E, Barreca D, Ficarra S, Misiti F, Laganà G. The Neuroprotective Potentiality of Flavonoids on Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314835. [PMID: 36499159 PMCID: PMC9736131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to its spread, has become a global health priority, and is characterized by senile dementia and progressive disability. The main cause of AD and other neurodegenerations (Huntington, Parkinson, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) are aggregated protein accumulation and oxidative damage. Recent research on secondary metabolites of plants such as polyphenols demonstrated that they may slow the progression of AD. The flavonoids' mechanism of action in AD involved the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, Tau protein aggregation, β-secretase, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through modulation of signaling pathways which are implicated in cognitive and neuroprotective functions, such as ERK, PI3-kinase/Akt, NFKB, MAPKs, and endogenous antioxidant enzymatic systems. This review focuses on flavonoids and their role in AD, in terms of therapeutic potentiality for human health, antioxidant potential, and specific AD molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tancredi Patanè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Silvana Ficarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, V. S. Angelo, Loc. Folcara, 3043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Recent Progress in Research on Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products against Alzheimer's Disease: Dietary Plant Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213886. [PMID: 36430365 PMCID: PMC9695301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. Despite years of extensive research efforts, our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AD is still highly limited. Nevertheless, several hypotheses related to risk factors for AD have been proposed. Moreover, plant-derived dietary polyphenols were also shown to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effects of the most well-known plant-derived dietary polyphenols on several AD-related molecular mechanisms, such as amelioration of oxidative stress injury, inhibition of aberrant glial cell activation to alleviate neuroinflammation, inhibition of the generation and promotion of the clearance of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme activity, and increase in acetylcholine levels in the brain. We also discuss the issue of bioavailability and the potential for improvement in this regard. This review is expected to encourage further research on the role of natural dietary plant polyphenols in the treatment of AD.
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Tran TTT, Nguyen TKA, Nguyen BN, Hoang TMN, Doan LP, Phan MG, Lee H, Kim DW, Lee JW. Six new polyoxygenated xanthones from Garcinia cowa and their neuroprotective effects on glutamate-mediated hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200376. [PMID: 35927784 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Six new polyoxygenated xanthones, garcicowanones F-H (1-3), norcowanol A-B (4-5), and garcinone F (6) along with twelve known compounds 7-18 were obtained from the latex of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy. All new compounds have a 1,3,7-trioxygenated or 1,3,6,7-tetraoxygenated xanthone nucleus and differ from majority of xanthones from G. cowa by hydrated side chains. Compounds 1, 7, 8 and 18 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects on glutamate-mediated hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. In particular, compound 1 exhibited the most potent neuroprotective effect with >80% cell viability in the concentration range of 2.9-115 µM. Further studies on compound 1 showed that it decreased cellular Ca2+ influx and inhibits cellular reactive oxygen species generation in HT22 cells. A Western blot analysis showed that MAPK phosphorylation, Bax, and AIF translocation dramatically increased upon treatment with 5 mM glutamate and decreased upon a co-treatment with compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Thuy Tran
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Thi Kim An Nguyen
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Bao Ngoc Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Natural Product Research Center, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gyeongpo-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Hoang
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Lan Phuong Doan
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Minh Giang Phan
- Vietnam National University Hanoi, Chemistry, 334 Nguyen Trai, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Heesu Lee
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, College of Dentistry, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, College of Dentistry, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Natural Product Research Center, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gyeongpo-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Lyu D, Jia J. Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Amyloid-β42-induced Tau Phosphorylation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway in HT22 Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4488-4500. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim MJ, Kang JY, Kim JM, Moon JH, Lee HL, Jeong HR, Go MJ, Lee U, Heo HJ. Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on PM 2.5-Induced Inflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7157444. [PMID: 35607702 PMCID: PMC9124148 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7157444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the ethyl acetate from Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EFEL) on PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment in BALB/c mice. EFEL improved PM2.5-induced cognitive decline by improving spontaneous alternative behavioral and long-term memory ability. EFEL increased ferric reducing activity power (FRAP) in serum. In addition, EFEL increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung and brain tissues. EFEL also restored the mitochondrial function by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, and ATP level in lung and brain tissues. EFEL ameliorated the cholinergic system by regulating the acetylcholine (ACh) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain tissue and the expression of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the whole brain and hippocampal tissues. EFEL reduced PM2.5-induced excessive expression of inflammatory protein related to the lung, whole brain, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus. Physiological compounds of EFEL were identified as 5-O-caffeolyquinic acid, rutin, quercetin, and quercetin glycosides. As a result, EFEL has anti-inflammation and anti-amnesic effect on PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment by regulating the inflammation and inhibiting the lung and brain tissue dysfunction, and its effect is considered to be due to the physiological compounds of EFEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- World Institute of Kimchi an Annex of Korea Food Research Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of okadaic acid toxicity in human retinal cells and zebrafish retinas. Toxicology 2022; 473:153209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Frandsen J, Narayanasamy P. Effect of Cannabidiol on the Neural Glyoxalase Pathway Function and Longevity of Several C. elegans Strains Including a C. elegans Alzheimer's Disease Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1165-1177. [PMID: 35385645 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol is a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid produced by the Cannabis sativa plant and possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Cannabidiol functions in a neuroprotective manner, in part through the activation of cellular antioxidant pathways. The glyoxalase pathway detoxifies methylglyoxal, a highly reactive metabolic byproduct that can accumulate in the brain, and contributes to the severity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. While cannabidiol's antioxidant properties have been investigated, it is currently unknown how it may modulate the glyoxalase pathway. In this research paper, we examine the effects of Cannabidiol on cerebellar neurons and in several Caenorhabditis elegans strains. We determined that a limited amount of Cannabidiol can prevent methylglyoxal-mediated cellular damage through enhancement of the neural glyoxalase pathway and extend the lifespan and survival of C. elegans, including a transgenic C. elegans strain modeling Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Dietary Plant Polyphenols as the Potential Drugs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Evidence, Advances, and Opportunities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5288698. [PMID: 35237381 PMCID: PMC8885204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5288698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD), are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases have been studied intensively, the mechanism is still in its infancy. In general, most neurodegenerative diseases share common molecular mechanisms, and multiple risks interact and promote the pathologic process of neurogenerative diseases. At present, most of the approved drugs only alleviate the clinical symptoms but fail to cure neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that dietary plant polyphenols are safe and exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, low bioavailability is the biggest obstacle for polyphenol that largely limits its adoption from evidence into clinical practice. In this review, we summarized the widely recognized mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as misfolded proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the neuroprotective effect of the most widely reported dietary plant polyphenols. Moreover, we discussed the current clinical study and application of polyphenols and the factors that result in low bioavailability, such as poor stability and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the future, the improvement of absorption and stability, modification of structure and formulation, and the combination therapy will provide more opportunities from the laboratory into the clinic for polyphenols. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches on natural dietary polyphenols in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Gomes TL, de Oliveira-Marques V, Hampson RJ, Jacinto A, de Moraes LV, Martinho RG. theLiTE™: A Screening Platform to Identify Compounds that Reinforce Tight Junctions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:752787. [PMID: 35069190 PMCID: PMC8771259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are formed by transmembrane and intracellular proteins that seal the intercellular space and control selective permeability of epithelia. Integrity of the epithelial barrier is central to tissue homeostasis and barrier dysfunction has been linked to many pathological conditions. TJ support the maintenance of cell polarity through interactions with the Par complex (Cdc42-Par-6-Par-3-aPKC) in which Par-6 is an adaptor and links the proteins of the complex together. Studies have shown that Par-6 overexpression delays the assembly of TJ proteins suggesting that Par-6 negatively regulates TJ assembly. Because restoring barrier integrity is of key therapeutic and prophylactic value, we focus on finding compounds that have epithelial barrier reinforcement properties; we developed a screening platform (theLiTE™) to identify compounds that modulate Par-6 expression in follicular epithelial cells from Par-6-GFP Drosophila melanogaster egg chambers. Hits identified were then tested whether they improve epithelial barrier function, using measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) or dye efflux to evaluate paracellular permeability. We tested 2,400 compounds, found in total 10 hits. Here we present data on six of them: the first four hits allowed us to sequentially build confidence in theLiTE™ and two compounds that were shortlisted for further development (myricetin and quercetin). We selected quercetin due to its clinical and scientific validation as a compound that regulates TJ; food supplement formulated on the basis of this discovery is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lopes Gomes
- Thelial Technologies SA, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | - Richard John Hampson
- Thelial Technologies SA, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Thelial BV (Epinutra), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - António Jacinto
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Centre - CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luciana Vieira de Moraes
- Thelial Technologies SA, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Thelial BV (Epinutra), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rui Gonçalo Martinho
- Thelial Technologies SA, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, and Center for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Flavonols: Targeting Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 Pathways in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101628. [PMID: 34679762 PMCID: PMC8533072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Intracellular transduction pathways that end in the activation of specific transcription factors are highly implicated in the onset and progression of pathological changes related to neurodegeneration, of which those related to oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are particularly important. Here, we provide a brief overview of the key concepts related to OS- and neuroinflammation-mediated neuropathological changes in neurodegeneration, together with the role of transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This review is focused on the transcription factor p53 that coordinates the cellular response to diverse genotoxic stimuli, determining neuronal death or survival. As current pharmacological options in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease are only symptomatic, many research efforts are aimed at uncovering efficient disease-modifying agents. Natural polyphenolic compounds demonstrate powerful anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, partially acting as modulators of signaling pathways. Herein, we review the current understanding of the therapeutic potential and limitations of flavonols in neuroprotection, with emphasis on their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects along the Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 pathways. A better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of their action may pave the way toward new treatments.
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Xu H, Zhou Q, Liu B, Cheng KW, Chen F, Wang M. Neuroprotective Potential of Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L.) Polyphenols in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11554-11571. [PMID: 34551518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean contains various neuroprotective polyphenols, so it might be a healthy food for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention. Totally, 19 major phenolic compounds were quantified in mung bean, including 10 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids. After summarizing their contents and effective doses in rodent AD models, it was speculated that vitexin, isovitexin, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid might be the major bioactive compounds for mung bean-mediated neuroprotection. The mechanisms involved inhibition of β-amyloidogenesis, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, and promotion of autophagy and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. Notably, the neuroprotective phenolic profile in mung bean changed after germination, with decreased vitexin and isovitexin, and increased rutin, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin, and caffeic acid detected. However, only studies of individual phenolic compounds in mung bean are published at present. Hence, further studies are needed to elucidate the neuroprotective activities and mechanisms of extractions of mung bean seeds and sprouts, and the synergism between different phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Calfio C, Gonzalez A, Singh SK, Rojo LE, Maccioni RB. The Emerging Role of Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:33-51. [PMID: 32651325 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges of medical sciences has been finding a reliable compound for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As most of the drugs directed to a variety of targets have failed in finding a medical solution, natural products from Ayurvedic medicine or nutraceutical compounds emerge as a viable preventive therapeutics' pathway. Considering that AD is a multifactorial disease, nutraceutical compounds offer the advantage of a multitarget approach, tagging different molecular sites in the human brain, as compared with the single-target activity of most of the drugs used for AD treatment. We review in-depth important medicinal plants that have been already investigated for therapeutic uses against AD, focusing on a diversity of pharmacological actions. These targets include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, β-amyloid senile plaques, oxidation products, inflammatory pathways, specific brain receptors, etc., and pharmacological actions so diverse as anti-inflammatory, memory enhancement, nootropic effects, glutamate excitotoxicity, anti-depressants, and antioxidants. In addition, we also discuss the activity of nutraceutical compounds and phytopharmaceuticals formulae, mainly directed to tau protein aggregates mechanisms of action. These include compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, delphinidins, quercetin, luteolin, oleocanthal, and meganatural-az and other phytochemicals such as huperzine A, limonoids, azaphilones, and aged garlic extract. Finally, we revise the nutraceutical formulae BrainUp-10 composed of Andean shilajit and B-complex vitamins, with memory enhancement activity and the control of neuropsychiatric distress in AD patients. This integrated view on nutraceutical opens a new pathway for future investigations and clinical trials that are likely to render some results based on medical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Calfio
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow, India.,Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, India
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Department of Biology, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mahjoob M, Stochaj U. Curcumin nanoformulations to combat aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101364. [PMID: 34000462 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging increases the susceptibility to a diverse set of diseases and disorders, including neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis. Natural compounds are currently being explored as alternative or complementary agents to treat or prevent aging-related malfunctions. Curcumin, a phytochemical isolated from the spice turmeric, has garnered great interest in recent years. With anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and other physiological activities, curcumin has great potential for health applications. However, the benefits of curcumin are restricted by its low bioavailability and stability in biological systems. Curcumin nanoformulations, or nano-curcumin, may overcome these limitations. This review discusses different forms of nano-curcumin that have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo to treat or prevent aging-associated health impairments. We describe current barriers for the routine use of curcumin nanoformulations in the clinic. Our review highlights outstanding questions and future work that is needed to ensure nano-curcumin is efficient and safe to lessen the burden of aging-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoob
- Department of Physiology & Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology & Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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26
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Bhat IUH, Bhat R. Quercetin: A Bioactive Compound Imparting Cardiovascular and Neuroprotective Benefits: Scope for Exploring Fresh Produce, Their Wastes, and By-Products. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 34206761 PMCID: PMC8301140 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a bioactive secondary metabolite, holds incredible importance in terms of bioactivities, which has been proved by in vivo and in vitro studies. The treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases by quercetin has been extensively investigated over the past decade. Quercetin is present naturally in appreciable amounts in fresh produce (fruits and vegetables). However, today, corresponding to the growing population and global demand for fresh fruits and vegetables, a paradigm shift and focus is laid towards exploring industrial food wastes and/or byproducts as a new resource to obtain bioactive compounds such as quercetin. Based on the available research reports over the last decade, quercetin has been suggested as a reliable therapeutic candidate for either treating or alleviating health issues, mainly those of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. In the present review, we have summarized some of the critical findings and hypotheses of quercetin from the available databases foreseeing its future use as a potential therapeutic agent to treat cardiovascular and neurological diseases. It is anticipated that this review will be a potential reference material for future research activities to be undertaken on quercetin obtained from fresh produce as well as their respective processing wastes/byproducts that rely on the circular concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ul Haq Bhat
- ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia;
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Liu Z, Sun X. A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7774. [PMID: 33096625 PMCID: PMC7589308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces various cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases, caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is attributed to the lack of sufficient antioxidant defense capacity to eliminate unnecessary ROS. Seaweeds are largely cultivated for their edible and commercial purposes. Excessive proliferation of some seaweeds has occurred in coastal areas, causing environmental and economic disasters, and even threating human health. Removing and disposing of the excess seaweeds are costly and labor-intensive with few rewards. Therefore, improving the value of seaweeds utilizes this resource, but also deals with the accumulated biomass in the environment. Seaweed has been demonstrated to be a great source of polysaccharides antioxidants, which are effective in enhancing the antioxidant system in humans and animals. They have been reported to be a healthful method to prevent and/or reduce oxidative damage. Current studies indicate that they have a good potential for treating various diseases. Polysaccharides, the main components in seaweeds, are commonly used as industrial feedstock. They are readily extracted by aqueous and acetone solutions. This study attempts to review the current researches related to seaweed polysaccharides as an antioxidant. We discuss the main categories, their antioxidant abilities, their determinants, and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. This review proposes possible high-value ways to utilize seaweed resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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28
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Liu H, Wang J, Yan R, Jin S, Wan Z, Cheng J, Li N, Chen L, Le C. MicroRNA-204-5p mediates sevoflurane-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1353-1361. [PMID: 33006132 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is widely used as an inhalational anesthetic in clinical practice. However, sevoflurane can cause cytotoxicity and induce learning capacity decline in patients. A previous publication indicated that miR-204-5p might have a close relationship with sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. When exposed to sevoflurane, the expression of miR-204-5p in neonatal hippocampus of rats was significantly increased. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-204-5p in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity using a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line (HT22). METHODS The levels of miR-204-5p in HT22 cells were detected by RT-qPCR. In addition, the effects of miR-204-5p on cell viability, apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometric, and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase 3, BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, Akt and p-Akt in HT22 cells. ELISA assay was used to examine the levels of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Meanwhile, the dual luciferase reporter system assay was employed to explore the interaction of miR-204-5p and BDNF in cells. RESULTS The level of miR-204-5p was increased in sevoflurane-treated HT22 cells. Moreover, downregulation of miR-204-5p inhibited sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation by upregulating the proteins of Bcl-2 and downregulating the expressions of Bax and active caspase-3 in HT22 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-204-5p alleviated sevoflurane-induced oxidative injuries in HT22 cells via decline of ROS and MDA and upregulation of SOD and GSH. Furthermore, bioinformatics and dual luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-204-5p can inhibit the TrkB/Akt pathway by targeting BDNF. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that downregulation of miR-204-5p can decrease oxidative status in HT22 cells and alleviate sevoflurane-induced cytotoxicity through stimulating the BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway. Therefore, miR-204-5p might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rongrong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuangfen Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chengjin Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Li Y, Yang Q, Yu Y. A Network Pharmacological Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of Active Ingredients of Epimedii Herba and Their Potential Targets in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926295. [PMID: 32980851 PMCID: PMC7528617 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epimedii Herba is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease in China. However, the pharmacological mechanism is unclear. To investigate the mechanisms of Epimedii Herba in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, we assessed effective compounds, corresponding targets, and related pathways of Epimedii Herba in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease based on network pharmacology. Material/Methods The active components and targets of Epimedii Herba were obtained through the TCMSP database and the DrugBank database. The DisGeNET database and GeneCards database were used to search for Alzheimer’s disease targets. The common targets of components and disease were obtained by Wayne diagram. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed using the DAVID database. The component-target-pathway interaction network model was constructed using Cytoscape software. Auto Duck Vina software was used for molecular docking to analyze the affinity of the key ingredients and the main targets. Results We screened 17 active ingredients and 27 key targets of Epimedii Herba in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, which were related to the HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Conclusions Based on network pharmacology, the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of Epimedii Herba in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were explored. Our results provide new ideas for future pharmacological and experimental research on Epimedii Herba in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Vashisth P, Kar N, Gupta D, Bellare JR. Three Dimensional Quercetin-Functionalized Patterned Scaffold: Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Assessment for Neural Tissue Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22325-22334. [PMID: 32923790 PMCID: PMC7482233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of injured neuronal areas is a big challenge owing to the complex structure and function of the nervous system along with the limited regeneration capacity of neural cells. Recent reports show that patterned and functionalized scaffolds could control neural cell directional growth. In this study, aligned nanofibers (ANFs) were fabricated using a versatile and cost-effective approach, electrospinning, and further processed to make a patterned hybrid scaffold (HANF). The patterned scaffold had circular rings of ANFs reinforced in a biocompatible gellan-gelatin hydrogel matrix to provide adequate mechanical strength and contact guidance for adhesion and growth of neural cells in vitro. Quercetin was loaded into the nanofibrous scaffold to provide a functional agent that supported regeneration of neural cells. The reinforced ANFs enhanced the mechanical strength of the scaffold and provided a cylindrical nerve conduit structure to support neuronal cell growth. The influence of scaffold topology on cell behavior was assessed in in vitro cell culture conditions that revealed that the functionalized patterned scaffolds favored directed neurite cell growth/extension with favored cell culture morphology and showed no cytotoxicity toward neural cells. The results ultimately indicated that the fabricated scaffold has potential for guiding nerve tissue growth and can be used as nerve regeneration scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vashisth
- Wadhwani
Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Neelakshi Kar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Jayesh R. Bellare
- Wadhwani
Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
- . Phone: +91 22 2576 7207. Fax: +91 22 2572 6895 or +91 22 2572 3480
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Chaari A, Abdellatif B, Nabi F, Khan RH. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit's polyphenols as potential inhibitors for human amylin fibril formation and toxicity in type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1794-1808. [PMID: 32795580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Cell death is the key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The misfolding of human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) is regarded as one of the causative factors of T2DM. Recent studies suggested that a diet based on date fruits presents various health benefits, as these fruits are naturally enriched in plant polyphenols. METHOD In this study, we used a broad biophysical approach, using cell biology techniques and bioinformatic tools, to demonstrate that various polyphenols from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit significantly inhibited hIAPP aggregation and cytotoxicity. RESULT Our results suggest that all of the polyphenols showed inhibitory effects, albeit varied, on the formation of toxic hIAPP amyloids. Correlation between cell viability assay, permeabilization of synthetic phospholipid vesicles tests, and ANS florescence measurements, revealed that both classes of polyphenols protected INS-1E cells from the toxicity of amylin aggregates. Docking results showed that the used polyphenols physically interacted with both hIAPP amyloidogenic region (residues Ser20-Ser29) and the non-amyloidogenic regions via hydrophobic and hydrogen interactions, thus reducing aggregation levels. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the benefits of consuming dates and the great potential of its polyphenols as a potential therapy for the prevention and treatment of T2DM as well as for many other amyloid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
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Fucoidan inhibits LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice through regulating GSK-3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:646-654. [PMID: 32533502 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of fucoidan on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. The mice were divided into the control, LPS, and LPS + fucoidan (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) groups. LPS was given by intracheal instillation and fucoidan was given 1 h before LPS treatment. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) contents, and inflammatory cytokine production were detected. The results showed that LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, ROS, MDA content, and MPO activity were suppressed by fucoidan. The levels of SOD and GSH were increased by fucoidan. Meanwhile, LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation was dose-dependently attenuated by fucoidan. Furthermore, fucoidan increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK-3β), and heme oxygenase (HO-1). In vitro, the results demonstrated that fucoidan or GSK-3β inhibitor significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in A549 cells. And the inhibition of fucoidan on TNF-α production was blocked by Nrf2 siRNA. This study showed fucoidan protected mice against LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative responses via regulating GSK-3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Zhang H, Wang X, Xu P, Ji X, Chi T, Liu P, Zou L. Tolfenamic acid inhibits GSK-3β and PP2A mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease models. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:29. [PMID: 32517647 PMCID: PMC10717460 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, alleviated learning and memory deficits and decreased the expression of specificity protein 1 (SP1)-mediated cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5), a major protein kinase that regulates hyperphosphorylated tau, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice. However, whether tolfenamic acid can regulate the major tau protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), or tau protein phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), further inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of tau, remains unknown. To this end, tolfenamic acid was administered i.p. in a GSK-3β overactivation postnatal rat model and orally in mice after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of okadaic acid (OA) to develop a PP2A inhibition model. We used four behavioural experiments to evaluate memory function in ICV-OA mice. In this study, tolfenamic acid attenuated memory dysfunction. Tolfenamic acid decreased the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain by inhibiting GSK-3β activity, decreasing phosphorylated PP2A (Tyr307), and enhancing PP2A activity. Tolfenamic acid also increased wortmannin (WT) and GF-109203X (GFX) induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9) and prevented OA-induced downregulation of PP2A activity in PC12 cells. Altogether, these results show that tolfenamic acid not only decreased SP1/CDK5-mediated tau phosphorylation, but also inhibited GSK-3β and PP2A-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Red Thread across Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103719. [PMID: 32466216 PMCID: PMC7279270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in a plethora of processes related to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and genomic integrity. They contribute to preserving the optimal functioning of cells and protecting them from potential DNA damage which could result in mutations and disease. However, perturbations of the system due to senescence or environmental factors induce alterations of the physiological balance and lead to the impairment of mitochondrial functions. After the description of the crucial roles of mitochondria for cell survival and activity, the core of this review focuses on the "mitochondrial switch" which occurs at the onset of neuronal degeneration. We dissect the pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunctions which are shared among the most frequent or disabling neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Can mitochondrial dysfunctions (affecting their morphology and activities) represent the early event eliciting the shift towards pathological neurobiological processes? Can mitochondria represent a common target against neurodegeneration? We also review here the drugs that target mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Li J, Luo J, Zhang Y, Tang C, Wang J, Chen C. Silencing of soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 gene reduces H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in rat intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells via activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:23-36. [PMID: 31907700 PMCID: PMC7002799 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of intestinal injury. Soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 gene (EPHX2) is a class of hydrolytic enzymes. We aim to explore the effects and molecular mechanism of siEPHX2 on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in rat intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 cells were transfected with EPHX2-siRNA and control si RNA plasmids by lipofectamine™ 2000 transfection reagent. The transfected samples were treated with H2O2 (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µmol/L) for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed by respective detection kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of factors were determined by flow cytometer, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays, respectively. We found that the IC50 of H2O2 was 200 µmol/L at 24 h, and the transfection of siEHPX2 in H2O2-induced IEC-6 cells significantly promoted the cell viability, SOD activity and MMP rate, and reduced the rates of ROS and apoptosis as well as LDH and MDA contents. siEHPX2 up-regulated the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level and down-regulated the levels of fibroblast-associated (Fas), Fas ligand (Fasl), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-3. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) were up-regulated. We proved that siEPHX2 had a protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells through activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jihui Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunming Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Chaowu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010059. [PMID: 31905923 PMCID: PMC7023116 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid with notable pharmacological effects and promising therapeutic potential. It is widely distributed among plants and found commonly in daily diets predominantly in fruits and vegetables. Neuroprotection by quercetin has been reported in several in vitro studies. It has been shown to protect neurons from oxidative damage while reducing lipid peroxidation. In addition to its antioxidant properties, it inhibits the fibril formation of amyloid-β proteins, counteracting cell lyses and inflammatory cascade pathways. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the recent literature exploring the relationship between quercetin and cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease and its potential as a lead compound in clinical applications.
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Chang P, Tian Y, Williams AM, Bhatti UF, Liu B, Li Y, Alam HB. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 Protects Hippocampal Cells Against Mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis in a Model of Severe Oxygen-glucose Deprivation. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:673-682. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190724102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 inhibitors have demonstrated
significant protective effects in traumatic injuries. However, their roles in neuroprotection
and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the
neuroprotective effects of Tubastatin A (Tub-A), an HDAC6 inhibitor, during oxygenglucose
deprivation (OGD) in HT22 hippocampal cells.
Methods:
HT22 hippocampal cells were exposed to OGD. Cell viability and cytotoxicity
were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release
assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP
nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mitochondria membrane potential was detected using
JC-1 dye. Expressions of acetylated α-tubulin, α-tubulin, cytochrome c, VDAC, Bax, Bcl-
2, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated Akt, Akt, phosphorylated GSK3β and GSK3β
were analyzed by Western blot analysis.
Results:
Tub-A induced acetylation of α-tubulin, demonstrating appropriate efficacy.
Tub-A significantly increased cell viability and attenuated LDH release after exposure to
OGD. Furthermore, Tub-A treatment blunted the increase in TUNEL-positive cells
following OGD and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Tub-A also
attenuated the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and
suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3. This was mediated, in part, by
the increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β signaling pathways.
Conclusion:
HDAC 6 inhibition, using Tub-A, protects against OGD-induced injury in
HT22 cells by modulating Akt/GSK3β signaling and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated
apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Aaron M. Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Umar F. Bhatti
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Hasan B. Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Temporal Effects of Quercetin on Tight Junction Barrier Properties and Claudin Expression and Localization in MDCK II Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194889. [PMID: 31581662 PMCID: PMC6801663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
: Kidney stones affect 10% of the population. Yet, there is relatively little known about how they form or how to prevent and treat them. The claudin family of tight junction proteins has been linked to the formation of kidney stones. The flavonoid quercetin has been shown to prevent kidney stone formation and to modify claudin expression in different models. Here we investigate the effect of quercetin on claudin expression and localization in MDCK II cells, a cation-selective cell line, derived from the proximal tubule. For this study, we focused our analyses on claudin family members that confer different tight junction properties: barrier-sealing (Cldn1, -3, and -7), cation-selective (Cldn2) or anion-selective (Cldn4). Our data revealed that quercetin's effects on the expression and localization of different claudins over time corresponded with changes in transepithelial resistance, which was measured continuously throughout the treatment. In addition, these effects appear to be independent of PI3K/AKT signaling, one of the pathways that is known to act downstream of quercetin. In conclusion, our data suggest that quercetin's effects on claudins result in a tighter epithelial barrier, which may reduce the reabsorption of sodium, calcium and water, thereby preventing the formation of a kidney stone.
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Cenini G, Voos W. Mitochondria as Potential Targets in Alzheimer Disease Therapy: An Update. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:902. [PMID: 31507410 PMCID: PMC6716473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder that affects mostly the elderly population. At the moment, no effective treatments are available in the market, making the whole situation a compelling challenge for societies worldwide. Recently, novel mechanisms have been proposed to explain the etiology of this disease leading to the new concept that AD is a multifactor pathology. Among others, the function of mitochondria has been considered as one of the intracellular processes severely compromised in AD since the early stages and likely represents a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Many mitochondrial parameters decline already during the aging, reaching an extensive functional failure concomitant with the onset of neurodegenerative conditions, although the exact timeline of these events is still unclear. Thereby, it is not surprising that mitochondria have been already considered as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Together with an overview of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, this review examines the pros and cons of the tested therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria in the context of AD. Since mitochondrial therapies in AD have shown different degrees of progress, it is imperative to perform a detailed analysis of the significance of mitochondrial deterioration in AD and of a pharmacological treatment at this level. This step would be very important for the field, as an effective drug treatment in AD is still missing and new therapeutic concepts are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cenini
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Voos
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zheng Q, Kebede MT, Kemeh MM, Islam S, Lee B, Bleck SD, Wurfl LA, Lazo ND. Inhibition of the Self-Assembly of Aβ and of Tau by Polyphenols: Mechanistic Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:E2316. [PMID: 31234523 PMCID: PMC6630797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein are thought to play key neuropathogenic roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both Aβ and tau self-assemble to form the two major pathological hallmarks of AD: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. In this review, we show that naturally occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits, vegetables, red wine, and tea possess the ability to target pathways associated with the formation of assemblies of Aβ and tau. Polyphenols modulate the enzymatic processing of the amyloid-β precursor protein and inhibit toxic Aβ oligomerization by enhancing the clearance of Aβ42 monomer, modulating monomer-monomer interactions and remodeling oligomers to non-toxic forms. Additionally, polyphenols modulate tau hyperphosphorylation and inhibit tau β-sheet formation. The anti-Aβ-self-assembly and anti-tau-self-assembly effects of polyphenols increase their potential as preventive or therapeutic agents against AD, a complex disease that involves many pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Zheng
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Micheal T Kebede
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Merc M Kemeh
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Saadman Islam
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Bethany Lee
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Stuart D Bleck
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Liliana A Wurfl
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Noel D Lazo
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
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Krawczyk MC, Millan J, Blake MG, Feld M, Boccia MM. Relevance of ERK1/2 Post-retrieval Participation on Memory Processes: Insights in Their Particular Role on Reconsolidation and Persistence of Memories. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:95. [PMID: 31057366 PMCID: PMC6478671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Back in 1968, Misanin and his group posited that reactivation of consolidated memories could support changes in that trace, similar to what might happen during the consolidation process. Not until 2000, when Nader et al. (2000) studied the behavioral effect of a protein synthesis inhibitor on retrieved memories, could this previous statement be taken under consideration once again; suggesting that consolidated memories can become labile after reactivation. The process of strengthening after memory labilization was named memory reconsolidation. In recent years, many studies pointed towards a critical participation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway in different memory processes (e.g., consolidation, extinction, reconsolidation, among others). In this review article, we will focus on how this system might be modulating the processes triggered after retrieval of well-consolidated memories in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Krawczyk
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de los Procesos de Memoria, Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Millan
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de los Procesos de Memoria, Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano G Blake
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Feld
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CABA, Argentina
| | - Mariano M Boccia
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de los Procesos de Memoria, Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Molecular mechanisms underlying protective role of quercetin in attenuating Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2019; 224:109-119. [PMID: 30914316 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin belongs to the flavonoids family, which is present in most of the plants including fruits, vegetables, green tea and even in red wine having antioxidant activities. It is available as a food supplement in the market and has physiological health effects. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-prostate activities along with its beneficial effects on high cholesterol, kidney transplantation, asthma, diabetes, viral infections, pulmonary, schizophrenia and cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin possesses scavenging potential of hydroxyl radical (OH-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2-). These reactive oxygen species (ROS) hampers lipid, protein, amino acids and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) processing leading to epigenetic alterations. Quercetin has the ability to combat these harmful effects. ROS plays a vital role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and we propose that quercetin would be the best choice to overcome cellular and molecular signals in regulating normal physiological functions. However, data are not well documented regarding exact cellular mechanisms of quercetin. The neuroprotective effects of quercetin are mainly due to potential up- and/or down-regulation of cytokines via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Paraoxonase-2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Protein kinase C, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to elaborate on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the quercetin involved in the protection against AD.
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP, Sulaiman Rahman H. Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1162. [PMID: 30405405 PMCID: PMC6204759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, and cognitive decline. Oxidative stress is considered as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant species, which results in molecular and cellular damage. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that antioxidant can control the autoxidation by interrupting the propagation of free radicals or by inhibiting the formation of free radicals and subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, and increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage is highly dependent on the inherited or acquired defects in enzymes involved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the role of molecules with antioxidant activity that promote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress is worth to discuss further. Of particular interest in this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanisms of antioxidants involved in the prevention of age-related diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of antioxidants involved in redox modulation of inflammation would provide a useful approach for potential interventions, and subsequently promoting healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie-Pui-Pui Liew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dhouafli Z, Cuanalo-Contreras K, Hayouni EA, Mays CE, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Inhibition of protein misfolding and aggregation by natural phenolic compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3521-3538. [PMID: 30030591 PMCID: PMC11105286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation into fibrillar deposits is a common feature of a large group of degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system or peripheral organs, termed protein misfolding disorders (PMDs). Despite their established toxic nature, clinical trials aiming to reduce misfolded aggregates have been unsuccessful in treating or curing PMDs. An interesting possibility for disease intervention is the regular intake of natural food or herbal extracts, which contain active molecules that inhibit aggregation or induce the disassembly of misfolded aggregates. Among natural compounds, phenolic molecules are of particular interest, since most have dual activity as amyloid aggregation inhibitors and antioxidants. In this article, we review many phenolic natural compounds which have been reported in diverse model systems to have the potential to delay or prevent the development of various PMDs, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, systemic amyloidosis, and type 2 diabetes. The lower toxicity of natural compounds compared to synthetic chemical molecules suggest that they could serve as a good starting point to discover protein misfolding inhibitors that might be useful for the treatment of various incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Dhouafli
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - El Akrem Hayouni
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Charles E Mays
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain.
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Rational Design for Multicolor Flavone-Based Fluorophores with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement Characteristics and Applications in Mitochondria-Imaging. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092290. [PMID: 30205485 PMCID: PMC6225312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties have attracted more attention in recent years. In order to realise more valuable applications, the different kinds of AIEE molecules are in serious need of further development. Therefore, a novel flavone-based AIEE system derived from restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) was designed and synthesized in this work. The results revealed that six of the compounds showed typical AIEE characteristics, with fluorescence emissions from purple, blue, cyan to green, tunable by changing substituent groups. This flavone-based AIEE system has never been reported before. The AIEE characteristics were investigated by optical spectroscopy, fluorescence photographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence quantum yields (ФF) and fluorescence lifetime in the CH3OH/H2O mixed solution. Moreover, benefiting from the simple structures and small molecular weight, they could permeate cells faster than current high-molecular-weight AIEE molecules. Furthermore, to examine possible biomedical applications, fluorescence imaging in living A549 lung cells and cell viabilities were examined, and the results displayed that these fluorophores showed good cellular uptake and low cytotoxicity within the experimental concentration range. In addition, these AIEE compounds possessed excellent specificity for mitochondrial targeting and mitochondrial morphological change tracking, besides, they displayed superior photostability, which indicated they are potential candidates for mitochondrial imaging.
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The Secretion from Neural Stem Cells Pretreated with Lycopene Protects against tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Neuron Oxidative Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5490218. [PMID: 30140366 PMCID: PMC6081585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5490218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold great potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through both cellular replacement and their secretion of trophic factors. Lycopene is a potent β-carotenoid antioxidant that has been shown to ameliorate oxidative damage in previous studies. However, it is unclear if lycopene can interact with NSCs to induce the secretion of growth factors, and whether pretreatment with lycopene will allow NSCs to secrete enough trophic factors to reduce oxidative damage to neurons. We pretreated cultured NSCs with lycopene, then applied the lycopene-treated-NSC-conditioned media (Ly-NSC-CM) to primary neuronal cultures exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) to induce oxidative damage. We found that lycopene promoted the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from NSCs. In addition, Ly-NSC-CM attenuated oxidative stress and reduced t-BHP-induced cell apoptosis. We found an antiapoptotic effect related to inhibited expression of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, Ly-NSC-CM increased the levels of synaptic proteins, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway in cultured neurons. Collectively, these data indicate that Ly-NSC-CM could protect neurons from t-BHP-induced oxidative damage.
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Frandsen JR, Narayanasamy P. Neuroprotection through flavonoid: Enhancement of the glyoxalase pathway. Redox Biol 2018; 14:465-473. [PMID: 29080525 PMCID: PMC5680520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase pathway functions to detoxify reactive dicarbonyl compounds, most importantly methylglyoxal. The glyoxalase pathway is an antioxidant defense mechanism that is essential for neuroprotection. Excessive concentrations of methylglyoxal have deleterious effects on cells, leading to increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Neurodegenerative diseases - including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Aging and Autism Spectrum Disorder - are often induced or exacerbated by accumulation of methylglyoxal. Antioxidant compounds possess several distinct mechanisms that enhance the glyoxalase pathway and function as neuroprotectants. Flavonoids are well-researched secondary plant metabolites that appear to be effective in reducing levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in neural cells. Novel flavonoids could be designed, synthesized and tested to protect against neurodegenerative diseases through regulating the glyoxalase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA.
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48
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Chen Q, Du Y, Zhang K, Liang Z, Li J, Yu H, Ren R, Feng J, Jin Z, Li F, Sun J, Zhou M, He Q, Sun X, Zhang H, Tian M, Ling D. Tau-Targeted Multifunctional Nanocomposite for Combinational Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1321-1338. [PMID: 29364648 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an incurable disease and lacks efficient diagnostic methods. Most AD treatments have focused on amyloid-β (Aβ) targeted therapy; however, it is time to consider the alternative theranostics due to accumulated findings of weak correlation between Aβ deposition and cognition, as well as the failures of Phase III clinical trial on Aβ targeted therapy. Recent studies have shown that the tau pathway is closely associated with clinical development of AD symptoms, which might be a potential therapeutic target. We herein construct a methylene blue (MB, a tau aggregation inhibitor) loaded nanocomposite (CeNC/IONC/MSN-T807), which not only possesses high binding affinity to hyperphosphorylated tau but also inhibits multiple key pathways of tau-associated AD pathogenesis. We demonstrate that these nanocomposites can relieve the AD symptoms by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress, suppressing tau hyperphosphorylation, and preventing neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo. The memory deficits of AD rats are significantly rescued upon treatment with MB loaded CeNC/IONC/MSN-T807. Our results indicate that hyperphosphorylated tau-targeted multifunctional nanocomposites could be a promising therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Liang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ren
- College of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Jiangsu Huayi Technology Limited Company , Changshu, Jiangsu 215522, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Decreased TRPM7 inhibits activities and induces apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via ERK1/2 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72941-72960. [PMID: 27662662 PMCID: PMC5341955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) functions as a Mg2+/Ca2+-permeable channel fused with a kinase domain and regulates various physical processes and diseases. However, its effects on pathogenesis of human bladder cancer (BCa) has not been clarified yet. Our microarray analysis has suggested that calcium signaling pathway is connected with bladder cancer via MAPK pathway. Therefore, we aim to investigate the mechanism of TRPM7 in BCa tumorigenesis by using BCa tissues compared with normal bladder epithelium tissues, as well as using distinct BCa cell lines (EJ, 5637 and T24). We observed increased TRPM7 expression and dysregulation of proteins involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in BCa tissues. Moreover, knockdown of TRPM7 in BCa cells reversed the EMT status, accompanied by increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, TRPM7 deficiency could inhibit BCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as induce p-ERK1/2 and suppress PI3K/AKT at the protein level. Downregulation of TRPM7 promoted cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in vitro, which could be recovered by pre-treatment with U0126 to deactivate ERK1/2, suggesting a close correlation between TRPM7 and the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, a NOD/SCID mouse model transplanted using the BCa cells was established, revealing delayed tumor growth by reduced protein activity and mRNA transcription of TRPM7 in vivo. Our results suggested TRPM7 might be essential for BCa tumorigenesis by interfering BCa cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis.
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Delayed neurochemical effects of prenatal exposure to MeHg in the cerebellum of developing rats. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:161-169. [PMID: 29258870 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human fetuses and neonates are particularly vulnerable to methylmercury (MeHg)-induced brain damage and are sensitive even to low exposure levels. Previous work of our group evidence that prenatal exposure to MeHg causes cognitive and behavioral alterations and disrupt hippocampus signaling. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational exposure of rats to MeHg at low doses (1 or 2 mg/kg) on parameters of redox imbalance and key signaling pathways in the cerebellum of their offspring. Pregnant females received MeHg (treated group) or 0.9% saline water (control group) by gavage in alternated days from gestational day 5 (GD5) until parturition and analyzes were proceed in the cerebellum of 30-day-old pups. We found increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels as well as decreased SH content in pups prenatally exposed to 2 mg/kg MeHg. In addition, misregulated SOD/catalase activities supported imbalanced redox equilibrium. We found decreased GSK3β(Ser9) phosphorylation, suggesting activation of this enzyme and dephosphorylation/inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Increased PKAα catalytic subunit could be upstream of hyperphosphorylated c-Raf(Ser259) and downregulated MAPK pathway. In addition, we found raised levels of the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase 2 B (PP2B). We also found preserved immunohistochemical staining for both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and NeuN in MeHg-exposed pups. Western blot analysis showed unaltered levels of BAX/BCL-XL, BAD/BCL-2 and active caspase 3. Together, these findings support absence of reactive astrocytes, neuronal damage and apoptotic cell death in the cerebellum of MeHg treated pups. The present study provides evidence that prenatal exposure to MeHg leads to later redox imbalance and disrupted signaling mechanisms in the cerebellum of 30-day-old pups potentially predisposing them to long-lasting neurological impairments in CNS.
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