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Song J, Qin Y, Wang L, Quan W, Xu J, Li J, Chen J. Exploring the causal relationship between B lymphocytes and Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2783. [PMID: 38307922 PMCID: PMC10837417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with extensive involvement of motor symptoms, imposing a heavy economic burden on patients and society. B lymphocytes, a group of immune cells associated with humoral immunity, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the causal relationship and potential pathogenic effects of B cell in PD remain unclear. Based on the three core hypotheses of the Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we explored causal associations between 190 B-cell immunological traits and 482,730 European individuals (Ncase = 33,674, Ncontrol = 449,056) from genome wide association studies by means of the two-sample bidirectional MR method. The inverse‑variance weighted method was selected as the main approach when conducting MR analysis. Finally, the results were verified by the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy analyses. Five B-cell immunological phenotypes were nominally associated with PD at the significance threshold of P < 0.05. Concretely, IgD + CD38- B cell %lymphocyte (OR 1.052, 95% CI 1.001-1.106, P = 0.046), CD20 on IgD- CD24- B cell (OR 1.060, 95% CI 1.005-1.117, P = 0.032), CD38 on IgD+ CD24- B cell (OR 1.113, 95% CI 1.028-1.206, P = 0.009), and BAFF-R on CD20- B cell (OR 1.093, 95% CI 1.010-1.184, P = 0.027) were identified as risk factors for PD. Instead, CD38 on Plasma Blast-Plasma Cell (OR 0.894, 95% CI 0.802-0.996, P = 0.043) was proved to be protective. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between B cell and PD after Bonferroni correction. The results of reverse MR were negative, avoiding the reverse causal effects. Eventually, the association results were identified as stable across several sensitivity analyses. Briefly, our study might demonstrate the key factor of B cells in PD. Further studies are warranted to clarify the associations for early identification and immunotherapeutic development in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yidan Qin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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2
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Zorina SA, Jurja S, Mehedinti M, Stoica AM, Chita DS, Floris SA, Axelerad A. Infectious Microorganisms Seen as Etiologic Agents in Parkinson’s Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030805. [PMID: 36983960 PMCID: PMC10053287 DOI: 10.3390/life13030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections represent a possible risk factor for parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on information from epidemiology and fundamental science. The risk is unclear for the majority of agents. Moreover, the latency between infection and PD seems to be very varied and often lengthy. In this review, the evidence supporting the potential involvement of infectious microorganisms in the development of Parkinson’s disease is examined. Consequently, it is crucial to determine the cause and give additional treatment accordingly. Infection is an intriguing suggestion regarding the cause of Parkinson’s disease. These findings demonstrate that persistent infection with viral and bacterial microorganisms might be a cause of Parkinson’s disease. As an initiating factor, infection may generate a spectrum of gut microbiota dysbiosis, engagement of glial tissues, neuroinflammation, and alpha-synuclein accumulation, all of which may trigger and worsen the onset in Parkinson’s disease also contribute to its progression. Still uncertain is the primary etiology of PD with infection. The possible pathophysiology of PD infection remains a matter of debate. Furthermore, additional study is required to determine if PD patients develop the disease due to infectious microorganisms or solely since they are more sensitive to infectious causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuparu Alina Zorina
- Department of Neurology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (S.A.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sanda Jurja
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihaela Mehedinti
- Department of Morphological and Functional Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos”, 800017 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Stoica
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Dana Simona Chita
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine and Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Stuparu Alexandru Floris
- Department of Orthopedy and Traumatology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Any Axelerad
- Department of Neurology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (S.A.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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3
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Tansey MG, Wallings RL, Houser MC, Herrick MK, Keating CE, Joers V. Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:657-673. [PMID: 35246670 PMCID: PMC8895080 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of neuroinflammation in its pathophysiology. Neurohistological and neuroimaging studies support the presence of ongoing and end-stage neuroinflammatory processes in PD. Moreover, numerous studies of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with PD suggest alterations in markers of inflammation and immune cell populations that could initiate or exacerbate neuroinflammation and perpetuate the neurodegenerative process. A number of disease genes and risk factors have been identified as modulators of immune function in PD and evidence is mounting for a role of viral or bacterial exposure, pesticides and alterations in gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that complex gene-by-environment interactions combine with an ageing immune system to create the 'perfect storm' that enables the development and progression of PD. We discuss the evidence for this hypothesis and opportunities to harness the emerging immunological knowledge from patients with PD to create better preclinical models with the long-term goal of enabling earlier identification of at-risk individuals to prevent, delay and more effectively treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Wallings
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Madelyn C Houser
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary K Herrick
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cody E Keating
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Valerie Joers
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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4
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Tan AH, Lim SY, Lang AE. The microbiome-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease - from basic research to the clinic. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:476-495. [PMID: 35750883 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for a close bidirectional link between the brain and the gut has led to a paradigm shift in neurology, especially in the case of Parkinson disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal dysfunction is a prominent feature. Over the past decade, numerous high-quality preclinical and clinical publications have shed light on the highly complex relationship between the gut and the brain in PD, providing potential for the development of new biomarkers and therapeutics. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, the role of the gut microbiome has been specifically highlighted. Here, we provide a critical review of the literature on the microbiome-gut-brain axis in PD and present perspectives that will be useful for clinical practice. We begin with an overview of the gut-brain axis in PD, including the potential roles and interrelationships of the vagus nerve, α-synuclein in the enteric nervous system, altered intestinal permeability and inflammation, and gut microbes and their metabolic activities. The sections that follow synthesize the proposed roles of gut-related factors in the development and progression of, in responses to PD treatment, and as therapeutic targets. Finally, we summarize current knowledge gaps and challenges and delineate future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shen Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MW, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen Atlas From Human Lung HFL1 Cells Offers Clues to Neurological and Diverse Autoimmune Manifestations of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831849. [PMID: 35401574 PMCID: PMC8987778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by a myriad of both transient and long-lasting autoimmune responses. Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan crucial for wound healing, has unique affinity for autoantigens (autoAgs) from apoptotic cells. DS-autoAg complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. We used DS-affinity proteomics to define the autoantigen-ome of lung fibroblasts and bioinformatics analyses to study the relationship between autoantigenic proteins and COVID-induced alterations. Using DS-affinity, we identified an autoantigen-ome of 408 proteins from human HFL1 cells, at least 231 of which are known autoAgs. Comparing with available COVID data, 352 proteins of the autoantigen-ome have thus far been found to be altered at protein or RNA levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection, 210 of which are known autoAgs. The COVID-altered proteins are significantly associated with RNA metabolism, translation, vesicles and vesicle transport, cell death, supramolecular fibrils, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and interleukin signaling. They offer clues to neurological problems, fibrosis, smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis. In particular, 150 altered proteins are related to the nervous system, including axon, myelin sheath, neuron projection, neuronal cell body, and olfactory bulb. An association with the melanosome is also identified. The findings from our study illustrate a connection between COVID infection and autoimmunity. The vast number of COVID-altered proteins with high intrinsic propensity to become autoAgs offers an explanation for the diverse autoimmune complications in COVID patients. The variety of autoAgs related to mRNA metabolism, translation, and vesicles suggests a need for long-term monitoring of autoimmunity in COVID. The COVID autoantigen atlas we are establishing provides a detailed molecular map for further investigation of autoimmune sequelae of the pandemic, such as “long COVID” syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y. Wang
- Curandis, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Julia Y. Wang, ; Michael H. Roehrl,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Julia Y. Wang, ; Michael H. Roehrl,
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6
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Are We What We Eat? Impact of Diet on the Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020380. [PMID: 35057561 PMCID: PMC8780419 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, such as defects in the gut function, which may occur before the motor symptoms. To date, there are therapies that can improve these symptoms, but there is no cure to avoid the development or exacerbation of this disorder. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could have a crucial role in the gut–brain axis, which is a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Diet can affect the microbiota composition, impacting gut–brain axis functionality. Gut microbiome restoration through probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or other dietary means could have the potential to slow PD progression. In this review, we will discuss the influence of diet on the bidirectional communication between gut and brain, thus supporting the hypothesis that this disorder could begin in the gut. We also focus on how food-based therapies might then have an influence on PD and could ameliorate non-motor as well as motor symptoms.
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7
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Wang X, Jiang D, Li T, Zhang X, Wang R, Gao S, Yang F, Wang Y, Tian Q, Xie C, Liang J. Association between microbiological risk factors and neurodegenerative disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:991085. [PMID: 36213914 PMCID: PMC9537612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.991085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of microbiological factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is attracting increasing attention, while the relationship remains debated. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the associations between microbiological factors and the risk of neurodegenerative disorders with an umbrella review. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were used to search for papers from the earliest to March 2021 for identifying meta-analyses and systematic reviews that examined associations between microbiological factors and neurodegenerative diseases. AMSTAR2 tool was employed to evaluate the methodical quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were recalculated with a random effect model after the overlap was recognized by the corrected covered area (CCA) method. The heterogeneity of each meta-analysis was measured by the I 2 statistic and 95% prediction interval (95% PI). Additionally, publication bias and the quality of evidence were evaluated for all 37 unique associations. Only 4 associations had above the medium level of evidence, and the rest associations presented a low level of evidence. Among them, helicobacter pylori (HP), infection, and bacteria are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and the other one verifies that periodontal disease is a risk factor for all types of dementia. Following the evidence of our study, eradication of HP and aggressive treatment of periodontitis are beneficial for the prevention of PD and dementia, respectively. This umbrella review provides comprehensive quality-grade evidence on the relationship between microbial factors and neurodegenerative disease. Regardless of much evidence linking microbial factors to neurodegenerative diseases, these associations are not necessarily causal, and the evidence level is generally low. Thus, more effective studies are required. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiong Li
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunrong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chunrong Xie
| | - Jinghong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghong Liang
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8
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Wu SC, Chi SY, Rau CS, Kuo PJ, Huang LH, Wu YC, Wu CJ, Lin HP, Hsieh CH. Identification of circulating biomarkers for differentiating patients with papillary thyroid cancers from benign thyroid tumors. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2375-2386. [PMID: 33646556 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the potential circulating biomarkers of protein, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to differentiate the papillary thyroid cancers from benign thyroid tumors. METHODS The study population of 100 patients was classified into identification (10 patients with papillary thyroid cancers and 10 patients with benign thyroid tumors) and validation groups (45 patients with papillary thyroid cancers and 35 patients with benign thyroid tumors). The Sengenics Immunome Protein Array-combined data mining approach using the Open Targets Platform was used to identify the putative protein biomarkers, and their expression validated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next-generation sequencing by Illumina HiSeq was used for the detection of dysregulated mRNAs and lncRNAs. The website Timer v2.0 helped identify the putative mRNA biomarkers, which were significantly over-expressed in papillary thyroid cancers than in adjacent normal thyroid tissue. The mRNA and lncRNA biomarker expression was validated by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Although putative protein and mRNA biomarkers have been identified, their serum expression could not be confirmed in the validation cohorts. In addition, seven lncRNAs (TCONS_00516490, TCONS_00336559, TCONS_00311568, TCONS_00321917, TCONS_00336522, TCONS_00282483, and TCONS_00494326) were identified and validated as significantly downregulated in patients with papillary thyroid cancers compared to those with benign thyroid tumors. These seven lncRNAs showed moderate accuracy based on the area under the curve (AUC = 0.736) of receiver operating characteristic in predicting the occurrence of papillary thyroid cancers. CONCLUSIONS We identified seven downregulated circulating lncRNAs with the potential for predicting the occurrence of papillary thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - S-Y Chi
- Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C-S Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - P-J Kuo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - L-H Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - C-J Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - H-P Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - C-H Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan.
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Shen S, Zhang C, Xu YM, Shi CH. The Role of Pathogens and Anti-Infective Agents in Parkinson's Disease, from Etiology to Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:27-44. [PMID: 34719435 PMCID: PMC8842782 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear, hampering the development of effective treatments. There is an urgent need to identify the etiology and provide further effective treatments. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that infection may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The infective pathogens may act as a trigger for Parkinson's disease, the most common of which are hepatitis C virus, influenza virus, and Helicobacter pylori. In addition, gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to influence brain function through the gut-brain axis, showing an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, a series of anti-infective agents exhibit surprising neuroprotective effects via various mechanisms, such as interfering with α-synuclein aggregation, inhibiting neuroinflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, and preventing from cell death, independent of their antimicrobial effects. The pleiotropic agents affect important events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, most of them are less toxic, clinically safe and have good blood-brain penetrability, making them hopeful candidates for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the use of antibiotics and subsequent gut dysbiosis may also play a role in Parkinson's disease, making the long-term effects of anti-infective drugs worthy of further consideration and exploration. This review summarizes the current evidence for the association between infective pathogens and Parkinson's disease and subsequently explores the application prospects of anti-infective drugs in Parkinson's disease treatment, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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10
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Beutgen VM, Schmelter C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Contribution of the Commensal Microflora to the Immunological Homeostasis and the Importance of Immune-Related Drug Development for Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8896. [PMID: 34445599 PMCID: PMC8396286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Not long ago, self-reactive immune activity was considered as pathological trait. A paradigm shift has now led to the recognition of autoimmune processes as part of natural maintenance of molecular homeostasis. The immune system is assigned further roles beneath the defense against pathogenic organisms. Regarding the humoral immune system, the investigation of natural autoantibodies that are frequently found in healthy individuals has led to further hypotheses involving natural autoimmunity in other processes as the clearing of cellular debris or decrease in inflammatory processes. However, their role and origin have not been entirely clarified, but accumulating evidence links their formation to immune reactions against the gut microbiome. Antibodies targeting highly conserved proteins of the commensal microflora are suggested to show self-reactive properties, following the paradigm of the molecular mimicry. Here, we discuss recent findings, which demonstrate potential links of the commensal microflora to the immunological homeostasis and highlight the possible implications for various diseases. Furthermore, specific components of the immune system, especially antibodies, have become a focus of attention for the medical management of various diseases and provide attractive treatment options in the future. Nevertheless, the development and optimization of such macromolecules still represents a very time-consuming task, shifting the need to more medical agents with simple structural properties and low manufacturing costs. Synthesizing only the biologically active sites of antibodies has become of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry and offers a wide range of therapeutic application areas as it will be discussed in the present review article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.M.B.); (C.S.); (N.P.)
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11
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Wang JY, Roehrl MW, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MH. A Master Autoantigen-ome Links Alternative Splicing, Female Predilection, and COVID-19 to Autoimmune Diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.07.30.454526. [PMID: 34373855 PMCID: PMC8351778 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.30.454526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and debilitating autoimmune sequelae pose a grave concern for the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Based on our discovery that the glycosaminoglycan dermatan sulfate (DS) displays peculiar affinity to apoptotic cells and autoantigens (autoAgs) and that DS-autoAg complexes cooperatively stimulate autoreactive B1 cell responses, we compiled a database of 751 candidate autoAgs from six human cell types. At least 657 of these have been found to be affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection based on currently available multi-omic COVID data, and at least 400 are confirmed targets of autoantibodies in a wide array of autoimmune diseases and cancer. The autoantigen-ome is significantly associated with various processes in viral infections, such as translation, protein processing, and vesicle transport. Interestingly, the coding genes of autoAgs predominantly contain multiple exons with many possible alternative splicing variants, short transcripts, and short UTR lengths. These observations and the finding that numerous autoAgs involved in RNA-splicing showed altered expression in viral infections suggest that viruses exploit alternative splicing to reprogram host cell machinery to ensure viral replication and survival. While each cell type gives rise to a unique pool of autoAgs, 39 common autoAgs associated with cell stress and apoptosis were identified from all six cell types, with several being known markers of systemic autoimmune diseases. In particular, the common autoAg UBA1 that catalyzes the first step in ubiquitination is encoded by an X-chromosome escape gene. Given its essential function in apoptotic cell clearance and that X-inactivation escape tends to increase with aging, UBA1 dysfunction can therefore predispose aging women to autoimmune disorders. In summary, we propose a model of how viral infections lead to extensive molecular alterations and host cell death, autoimmune responses facilitated by autoAg-DS complexes, and ultimately autoimmune diseases. Overall, this master autoantigen-ome provides a molecular guide for investigating the myriad of autoimmune sequalae to COVID-19 and clues to the rare but reported adverse effects of the currently available COVID vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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12
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MW, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen-ome from HS-Sultan B-Lymphoblasts Offers a Molecular Map for Investigating Autoimmune Sequelae of COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.04.05.438500. [PMID: 33851168 PMCID: PMC8043459 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.05.438500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand how COVID-19 may induce autoimmune diseases, we have been compiling an atlas of COVID-autoantigens (autoAgs). Using dermatan sulfate (DS) affinity enrichment of autoantigenic proteins extracted from HS-Sultan lymphoblasts, we identified 362 DS-affinity proteins, of which at least 201 (56%) are confirmed autoAgs. Comparison with available multi-omic COVID data shows that 315 (87%) of the 362 proteins are affected in SARS-CoV-2 infection via altered expression, interaction with viral components, or modification by phosphorylation or ubiquitination, at least 186 (59%) of which are known autoAgs. These proteins are associated with gene expression, mRNA processing, mRNA splicing, translation, protein folding, vesicles, and chromosome organization. Numerous nuclear autoAgs were identified, including both classical ANAs and ENAs of systemic autoimmune diseases and unique autoAgs involved in the DNA replication fork, mitotic cell cycle, or telomerase maintenance. We also identified many uncommon autoAgs involved in nucleic acid and peptide biosynthesis and nucleocytoplasmic transport, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In addition, this study found autoAgs that potentially interact with multiple SARS-CoV-2 Nsp and Orf components, including CCT/TriC chaperonin, insulin degrading enzyme, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, and the ezrin-moesin-radixin family. Furthermore, B-cell-specific IgM-associated ER complex (including MBZ1, BiP, heat shock proteins, and protein disulfide-isomerases) is enriched by DS-affinity and up-regulated in B-cells of COVID-19 patients, and a similar IgH-associated ER complex was also identified in autoreactive pre-B1 cells in our previous study, which suggests a role of autoreactive B1 cells in COVID-19 that merits further investigation. In summary, this study demonstrates that virally infected cells are characterized by alterations of proteins with propensity to become autoAgs, thereby providing a possible explanation for infection-induced autoimmunity. The COVID autoantigen-ome provides a valuable molecular resource and map for investigation of COVID-related autoimmune sequelae and considerations for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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Anti-TROVE2 Antibody Determined by Immune-Related Array May Serve as a Predictive Marker for Adalimumab Immunogenicity and Effectiveness in RA. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6656121. [PMID: 33763493 PMCID: PMC7963899 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-drug antibody (ADAb) development is associated with secondary therapeutic failure in biologic-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. With a treat-to-target goal, we aimed to identify biomarkers for predicting ADAb development and therapeutic response in adalimumab-treated patients. Three independent cohorts were enrolled. In Cohort-1, 24 plasma samples (6 ADAb-positive and 6 ADAb-negative patients at baseline and week 24 of adalimumab therapy, respectively) were assayed with immune-related microarray containing 1,636 correctly folded functional proteins. Next, we executed statistically powered autoantibody profiling analysis of 50 samples in Cohort-2 (24 ADAb-positive and 26 ADAb-negative patients). Subsequently, immunofluorescence assay was performed on 48 samples in Cohort-3 to correlate with ADAb titers and drug levels. The biomarkers were identified for predicting ADAb development and therapeutic response using the immune-related microarray and machine learning approach. ADAb-positive patients had lower drug levels at week 24 (median = 0.024 μg/ml) compared with ADAb-negative patients (median = 6.38 μg/ml, p < 0.001). ROC analysis based on the ADAb status revealed the top 20 autoantibodies with AUC ≥ 0.7 in differentiating both groups in Cohort-1. Analysis of Cohort-2 dataset identified a panel of 8 biomarkers (TROVE2, SSB, NDE1, ZHX2, SH3GL1, CARD9, PTPN20, and KLHL12) with 80.6% specificity, 77.4% sensitivity, and 79.0% accuracy in discriminating poor from EULAR responders. Immunofluorescence assay validated that anti-TROVE2 antibody could highly predict ADAb development and poor EULAR response (AUC 0.79 and 0.89, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis proved anti-TROVE2 antibody to be an independent predictor for developing ADAb. Immune-related protein microarray and replication analysis identified anti-TROVE2 antibody as a useful biomarker for predicting ADAb development and therapeutic response in adalimumab-treated patients.
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Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a poor response to levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2021; 269:703-711. [PMID: 33616741 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been reported to be associated with increased severity of Parkinson's disease (PD) and have negative effects on drug response in patients. We aimed to investigate the influence of HP infection on patients with PD using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases for relevant articles published before October 2020 were searched. Two authors independently screened records, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. The odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the pooled results by employing a random or fixed-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted, and potential publication bias was assessed. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, PD patients with HP infection had significantly higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (UPDRS) motor scores (SMD = 0.266; 95% CI 0.065-0.467; P = 0.009) and more units of levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) (SMD = 0.178; 95% CI 0.004-0.353; P = 0.046) than those of patients without HP infection. Additionally, the time to achieve 'ON' state was significantly longer (SMD = 0.778; 95% CI 0.337-1.220; P = 0.001) and the duration of 'ON' state was significantly shorter (SMD = -0.539; 95% CI = -0.801 to -0.227; P = 0.001) in patients with HP infection than in those without HP infection. CONCLUSION Our pooled results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that HP infection was associated with worse motor symptoms, higher LEDD, and worse response to drugs in patients with PD. This evidence emphasizes the importance of considering subsequent eradication of HP infection in patients with PD.
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl MW, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen Atlas from Human Lung HFL1 Cells Offers Clues to Neurological and Diverse Autoimmune Manifestations of COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.24.427965. [PMID: 33501444 PMCID: PMC7836114 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.24.427965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by a myriad of both transient and long-lasting autoimmune responses. Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan crucial for wound healing, has unique affinity for autoantigens (autoAgs) from apoptotic cells. DS-autoAg complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. Using DS affinity, we identified an autoantigenome of 408 proteins from human fetal lung fibroblast HFL11 cells, at least 231 of which are known autoAgs. Comparing with available COVID data, 352 proteins of the autoantigenome have thus far been found to be altered at protein or RNA levels in SARS-Cov-2 infection, 210 of which are known autoAgs. The COVID-altered proteins are significantly associated with RNA metabolism, translation, vesicles and vesicle transport, cell death, supramolecular fibrils, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and interleukin signaling. They offer clues to neurological problems, fibrosis, smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis. In particular, 150 altered proteins are related to the nervous system, including axon, myelin sheath, neuron projection, neuronal cell body, and olfactory bulb. An association with the melanosome is also identified. The findings from our study illustrate a strong connection between viral infection and autoimmunity. The vast number of COVID-altered proteins with propensity to become autoAgs offers an explanation for the diverse autoimmune complications in COVID patients. The variety of autoAgs related to mRNA metabolism, translation, and vesicles raises concerns about potential adverse effects of mRNA vaccines. The COVID autoantigen atlas we are establishing provides a detailed molecular map for further investigation of autoimmune sequelae of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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Nyholm D, Hellström PM. Effects of Helicobacter pylori on Levodopa Pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:61-69. [PMID: 33164946 PMCID: PMC7990449 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Helicobacter pylori seems overrepresented in Parkinson's disease. Clinical observations suggest a suboptimal treatment effect of levodopa in Helicobacter positive patients. OBJECTIVE Describe and explain the connection between a Helicobacter pylori infection of the upper gut and changes in pharmacokinetics of oral levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cross Reference search was done using the key words and combined searches: Bioavailability, drug metabolism, dyskinesia, Helicobacter, L-dopa, levodopa, motor control, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, prevalence, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. RESULTS The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's disease patients is reported to be about 1.6-fold higher than in a control population in some studies. Helicobacter has therefore been assumed to be linked to Parkinson's disease, but the mechanism is unclear. As regards symptoms and treatment, patients with Parkinson's disease on levodopa therapy and with Helicobacter pylori infection display worse motor control than those without Helicobacter infection. Eradication of the infection improves levodopa response in Parkinson's disease, likely as a consequence of an increased oral pre-systemic bioavailability of levodopa, likely to be explained by reduced Helicobacter-dependent levodopa consumption in the stomach. In addition, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may also have an impact on the therapeutic setting for levodopa treatment but is less well established. CONCLUSION Eradication of Helicobacter pylori improves levodopa bioavailability resulting in improved motor control. Eradication of Helicobacter should be considered in patients with poor symptomatic control and considerable motor fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Nyholm
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology; and Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Per M. Hellström
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology; and Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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17
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Poulsen TBG, Karamehmedovic A, Aboo C, Jørgensen MM, Yu X, Fang X, Blackburn JM, Nielsen CH, Kragstrup TW, Stensballe A. Protein array-based companion diagnostics in precision medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1183-1198. [PMID: 33315478 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1857734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of companion diagnostics (CDx) will increase efficacy and cost-benefit markedly, compared to the currently prevailing trial-and-error approach for treatment. Recent improvements in high-throughput protein technology have resulted in large amounts of predictive biomarkers that are potentially useful components of future CDx assays. Current high multiplex protein arrays are suitable for discovery-based approaches, while low-density and more simple arrays are suitable for use in point-of-care facilities. AREA COVERED This review discusses the technical platforms available for protein array focused CDx, explains the technical details of the platforms and provide examples of clinical use, ranging from multiplex arrays to low-density clinically applicable arrays. We thereafter highlight recent predictive biomarkers within different disease areas, such as oncology and autoimmune diseases. Lastly, we discuss some of the challenges connected to the implementation of CDx assays as point-of-care tests. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in the field of protein arrays have enabled high-density arrays permitting large biomarker discovery studies, which are beneficial for future CDx assays. The density of protein arrays range from a single protein to proteome-wide arrays, allowing the discovery of protein signatures that may correlate with drug response. Protein arrays will undoubtedly play a key role in future CDx assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B G Poulsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
| | - Azra Karamehmedovic
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
| | - Christopher Aboo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa.,Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd , Singapore
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark
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Tucker RM, Augustin AD, Hayee BH, Bjarnason I, Taylor D, Weller C, Charlett A, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ. Role of Helicobacters in Neuropsychiatric Disease: A Systematic Review in Idiopathic Parkinsonism. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072159. [PMID: 32650535 PMCID: PMC7408992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in an aetiopathogenic role for Helicobacter in neuropsychiatric diseases started with idiopathic parkinsonism (IP), where the cardinal signs can be assessed objectively. This systematic review, using an EMBASE database search, addresses Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine based questions on the inter-relationship of Helicobacter and IP, the benefits of eradicating Helicobacter in IP and the outcome of not treating. The search strategy was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines: 21 of 204 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results show that the assumption that any benefit of Helicobacter eradication results from improved levodopa bioavailability is unjustified. The inter-relationship between Helicobacter and IP is well-established. H. pylori virulence markers (associated with autoimmunity and immune tolerance) influence the risk, severity and progression of IP. The birth cohort effect for virulence marker antibodies, seen in controls, is obliterated in IP, suggesting causality. Successful H. pylori eradication in IP is disease-modifying (even in anti-parkinsonian treatment-naïve patients) but not preventive. Hypokinesia regresses with eradication and overall motor severity lessens. Eradication may influence gastrointestinal microbiota adversely, unlocking the next stage in the natural history, the development of rigidity. Failed eradication worsens hypokinesia, as does the presence/persistence of H. pylori at molecular level only. Adequate prognostic assessment of the consequences of not treating Helicobacter, for IP, is prevented by a short follow-up. We conclude that Helicobacter is a pathophysiological driver of IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind M. Tucker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Aisha D. Augustin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Bu’ Hussain Hayee
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingvar Bjarnason
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - David Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Clive Weller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
| | - André Charlett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sylvia M Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - R John Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
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Poulsen TBG, Damgaard D, Jørgensen MM, Senolt L, Blackburn JM, Nielsen CH, Stensballe A. Identification of Novel Native Autoantigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060141. [PMID: 32486012 PMCID: PMC7345460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have developed autoantibodies against neoepitopes in proteins that have undergone post-translational modification, e.g., citrullination or carbamylation. There is growing evidence of their molecular relevance and their potential utility to improve diagnosis, patient stratification, and prognosis for precision medicine. Autoantibodies reacting to native proteins may also have a role in RA pathogenesis, however, their reactivity patterns remain much less studied. We hypothesized that a high-density protein array technology could shed light onto the normal and disease-related autoantibodies produced in healthy and RA patient subgroups. In an exploratory study, we investigated the global reactivity of autoantibodies in plasma pools from 15 anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)-positive and 10 anti-CCP-negative RA patients and 10 healthy donors against more than 1600 native and unmodified human proteins using a high-density protein array. A total of 102 proteins recognized by IgG autoantibodies were identified, hereof 86 were recognized by antibodies from CCP-positive RA patients and 76 from anti-CCP-negative RA patients, but not by antibodies from healthy donors. Twenty-four of the identified autoantigens have previously been identified in synovial fluid. Multiple human proteins in their native conformation are recognized by autoantibodies from anti-CCP-positive as well as anti-CCP-negative RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. G. Poulsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou district, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (T.B.G.P.); (A.S.); Tel.: +45-2615-9368 (T.B.G.P.); +45-6160-8786 (A.S.)
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.D.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore
| | - Claus H. Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.D.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence: (T.B.G.P.); (A.S.); Tel.: +45-2615-9368 (T.B.G.P.); +45-6160-8786 (A.S.)
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Wang BZ, Zailan FZ, Wong BYX, Ng KP, Kandiah N. Identification of novel candidate autoantibodies in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2292-2296. [PMID: 32356904 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accumulated failures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials have highlighted an urgent need to identify additional biomarkers involved in AD. Recently, mounting evidence reported that autoantibodies are ubiquitous in human sera. However, it is unknown whether autoantibodies are upregulated in amyloid-tau biomarker-confirmed AD. METHODS A total of 40 subjects with mild dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating = 1) were stratified into AD (n = 16) and non-AD (n = 24) groups according to their cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau and Aβ42 . Their sera were collected and analyzed using a microarray containing > 1600 potential human autoantigens. Autoantibodies that were present exclusively in the AD group were identified and selected using the penetrance-based fold change method with the following criteria: penetrance fold change(AD) ≥ 2, frequency(AD) ≥ 15% and frequency(non-AD) = 0%. RESULTS All controls and samples passed the quality control criteria and were further used for biomarker analysis. Six autoantibodies with elevated responses to the following autoantigens were found exclusively in the AD group: nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 3 (31.3%, 5/16 subjects) and microtubule-associated protein 4, pantothenic acid kinase 3, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1, protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA member 1 and SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 15 (all 18.8%, 3/16 subjects). CONCLUSIONS Although some identified autoantigens are linked to AD and cognitive dysfunction, the increased autoantibody levels have not been reported in AD. Autoantibodies may provide deeper insights into the pathogenesis of AD and serve as diagnostic biomarkers; their corresponding antigens can be further studied to assess their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Z Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - F Z Zailan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - B Y X Wong
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - K P Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - N Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,NTU-Imperial Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Sumera A, Anuar ND, Radhakrishnan AK, Ibrahim H, Rutt NH, Ismail NH, Tan TM, Baba AA. A Novel Method to Identify Autoantibodies against Putative Target Proteins in Serum from beta-Thalassemia Major: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E97. [PMID: 32357536 PMCID: PMC7277850 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal immune reactivity in patients with beta-thalassemia (beta-thal) major can be associated with poor prognosis. Immunome protein-array analysis represents a powerful approach to identify novel biomarkers. The Sengenics Immunome Protein Array platform was used for high-throughput quantification of autoantibodies in 12 serum samples collected from nine beta-thal major patients and three non-thalassemia controls, which were run together with two pooled normal sera (Sengenics Internal QC samples). To obtain more accurate and reliable results, the evaluation of the biological relevance of the shortlisted biomarkers was analyzed using an Open Target Platform online database. Elevated autoantibodies directed against 23 autoantigens on the immunome array were identified and analyzed using a penetrance fold change-based bioinformatics method. Understanding the autoantibody profile of beta-thal major patients would help to further understand the pathogenesis of the disease. The identified autoantigens may serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of beta-thal major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Sumera
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Diana Anuar
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Hishamshah Ibrahim
- Paediatrics Department, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Jalan Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul H. Rutt
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Nur Hafiza Ismail
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Ti-Myen Tan
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Abdul Aziz Baba
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
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22
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Wang H, Liu X, Tan C, Zhou W, Jiang J, Peng W, Zhou X, Mo L, Chen L. Bacterial, viral, and fungal infection-related risk of Parkinson's disease: Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01549. [PMID: 32017453 PMCID: PMC7066372 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies showed that patients with various bacterial, viral, and fungal infections might be at increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the risk of PD in patients with each specific infection varied. This meta-analysis estimated the association between various infections and PD risk. METHODS Literature published from January 1965 to October 2019 in PubMed and EMBASE databases was searched. Data were extracted and pooled using random/fixed effects model. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were also performed to analyze the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated by the trim and fill. RESULTS Twenty-three out of 6,609 studies were included. Helicobacter pylori (HP; pooled OR = 1.653, 1.426-1.915, p < .001), hepatitis C virus (HCV; pooled OR = 1.195, 1.012-1.410, p = .035), Malassezia (pooled OR = 1.694, 1.367-2.100, p < .001), and pneumoniae (pooled OR = 1.595, 1.020-2.493, p = .041) infection were associated with increased PD risk. Influenza virus, herpes virus, hepatitis B virus, scarlet fever, mumps virus, chicken pox, pertussis, German measles, and measles were not associated with PD risk. After antiviral treatment against HCV reduced the risk of PD in patients with HCV infection (OR = 0.672, 0.571-0.791, p < .001). Significant heterogeneity exists among the included studies. CONCLUSION Patients with infection of HP, HCV, Malassezia, pneumoniae might be an increased risk of PD. Antiviral treatment of HCV could reduce the risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wuxue Peng
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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23
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Elfil M, Kamel S, Kandil M, Koo BB, Schaefer SM. Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:921-933. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elfil
- Department of NeurologyYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Serageldin Kamel
- Department of NeurologyYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Mohamed Kandil
- Department of NeurologyYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Brian B. Koo
- Department of NeurologyYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurologic Research Yale New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of NeurologyConnecticut Veterans Affairs Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Sara M. Schaefer
- Department of NeurologyYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
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24
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Kared H, Tan SW, Lau MC, Chevrier M, Tan C, How W, Wong G, Strickland M, Malleret B, Amoah A, Pilipow K, Zanon V, Govern NM, Lum J, Chen JM, Lee B, Florian MC, Geiger H, Ginhoux F, Ruiz-Mateos E, Fulop T, Rajasuriar R, Kamarulzaman A, Ng TP, Lugli E, Larbi A. Immunological history governs human stem cell memory CD4 heterogeneity via the Wnt signaling pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32041953 PMCID: PMC7010798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the naïve T cell repertoire drives the replenishment potential and capacity of memory T cells to respond to immune challenges. Attrition of the immune system is associated with an increased prevalence of pathologies in aged individuals, but whether stem cell memory T lymphocytes (TSCM) contribute to such attrition is still unclear. Using single cells RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, we demonstrate that TSCM heterogeneity results from differential engagement of Wnt signaling. In humans, aging is associated with the coupled loss of Wnt/β-catenin signature in CD4 TSCM and systemic increase in the levels of Dickkopf-related protein 1, a natural inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Functional assays support recent thymic emigrants as the precursors of CD4 TSCM. Our data thus hint that reversing TSCM defects by metabolic targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a viable approach to restore and preserve immune homeostasis in the context of immunological history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Shu Wen Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marion Chevrier
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Crystal Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wilson How
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marie Strickland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Amanda Amoah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolina Pilipow
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Veronica Zanon
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Naomi Mc Govern
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jin Miao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme and Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Chaiwiang N, Poyomtip T. Microbial dysbiosis and microbiota-gut-retina axis: The lesson from brain neurodegenerative diseases to primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:541-558. [PMID: 31786943 DOI: 10.1556/030.66.2019.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, microbiota-associated neurodegenerative diseases have been exploited and provided new insight into disease pathogenesis. However, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), known as a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting from retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve damage, can cause irreversible blindness and visual field loss. POAG, which shares several similarities with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), has limited studies and slow progression in the understanding of pathogenesis when compared to PD and AD. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of POAG and commensal microbiota, combined with several lines of evidence in PD and AD to propose a possible hypothesis for POAG pathogenesis: microorganisms cause glaucoma via gut-retina axis, resulting in autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells that lead to autoimmunity. Furthermore, dual-hit hypothesis, an example of a commensal pathogen that causes PD, was partially exported in POAG. Finally, future perspectives are suggested to expand understanding of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teera Poyomtip
- 1 Faculty of Optometry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Limphaibool N, Iwanowski P, Holstad MJV, Kobylarek D, Kozubski W. Infectious Etiologies of Parkinsonism: Pathomechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Neurol 2019; 10:652. [PMID: 31275235 PMCID: PMC6593078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in recent decades has expanded our insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), though the underlying cause remains incompletely understood. Neuroinflammation have become a point of interest in the interconnecting areas of neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. The hypothesis concerning an infectious origin in PD stems from the observation of Parkinson-like symptoms in individuals infected with the influenza virus who then developed encephalitis lethargica. The implications of infectious pathogens have later been studied in neuronal pathways leading to the development of Parkinsonism and PD, through both a direct association and through synergistic effects of infectious pathogens in inducing neuroinflammation. This review explores the relationship between important infectious pathogens and Parkinsonism, including symptoms of Parkinsonism following infectious etiologies, infectious contributions to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes associated with Parkinsonism, and the epidemiologic correlations between infectious pathogens and idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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27
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Dardiotis E, Tsouris Z, Mentis AFA, Siokas V, Michalopoulou A, Sokratous M, Dastamani M, Bogdanos DP, Deretzi G, Kountouras J. H. pylori and Parkinson's disease: Meta-analyses including clinical severity. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 175:16-24. [PMID: 30308319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Some evidence supports Helicobacter pylori infection as a trigger or driving event, but detection and eradication of H. pylori are not part of PD management. The aims of this case-control study and meta-analysis were to determine (i) the prevalence of H. pylori infection in PD patients, (ii) associations between H. pylori infection and clinical status, and (iii) differences in motor status in PD patients before and after H. pylori eradication. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in PD, its association with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), and the association of H. pylori eradication therapy with the UPDRS-III score were determined by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and the standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fixed- and random-effects models were applied. Ten studies were included in the first meta-analysis (5043 PD patients, 23,449 HCs); H. pylori infection prevalence was higher in PD patients than in HCs [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.27, 1.70), Pz<0.00001]. In seven studies reporting UPDRS scores (150 H. pylori infected, 228 non-infected PD patients), there was a significant association between H. pylori infection and mean UPDRS scores [SMD (95% CI): 0.33 (0.12, 0.54), Pz = 0.003]. Regarding H. pylori eradication, in five studies (90 PD patients), there was a significant reduction in UPDRS-III scores after treatment [SMD (95% CI): 6.83 (2.29, 11.38), Pz = 0.003]. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis revealed a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in PD patients suggesting that H. pylori may contribute to PD pathophysiology. In addition, the significantly lower UPDRS scores in non-infected PD patients and in patients after H. pylori eradication therapy demonstrate that the infection may deteriorate the clinical severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Amalia Michalopoulou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sokratous
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Cellular Immunotherapy & Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (IRETETH), Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-content protein microarrays in principle enable the functional interrogation of the human proteome in a broad range of applications, including biomarker discovery, profiling of immune responses, identification of enzyme substrates, and quantifying protein-small molecule, protein-protein and protein-DNA/RNA interactions. As with other microarrays, the underlying proteomic platforms are under active technological development and a range of different protein microarrays are now commercially available. However, deciphering the differences between these platforms to identify the most suitable protein microarray for the specific research question is not always straightforward. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the technological basis, applications and limitations of some of the most commonly used full-length, recombinant protein and protein fragment microarray platforms, including ProtoArray Human Protein Microarrays, HuProt Human Proteome Microarrays, Human Protein Atlas Protein Fragment Arrays, Nucleic Acid Programmable Arrays and Immunome Protein Arrays. Expert commentary: The choice of appropriate protein microarray platform depends on the specific biological application in hand, with both more focused, lower density and higher density arrays having distinct advantages. Full-length protein arrays offer advantages in biomarker discovery profiling applications, although care is required in ensuring that the protein production and array fabrication methodology is compatible with the required downstream functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Duarte
- a Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute/School of Cancer Medicine , La Trobe University , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- b Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Observatory, South Africa
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29
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Da Gama Duarte J, Parakh S, Andrews MC, Woods K, Pasam A, Tutuka C, Ostrouska S, Blackburn JM, Behren A, Cebon J. Autoantibodies May Predict Immune-Related Toxicity: Results from a Phase I Study of Intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin followed by Ipilimumab in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Melanoma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:411. [PMID: 29552014 PMCID: PMC5840202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma. The first ICI to demonstrate clinical benefit, ipilimumab, targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4); however, the long-term overall survival is just 22%. More than 40 years ago intralesional (IL) bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a living attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, was found to induce tumor regression by stimulating cell-mediated immunity following a localized and self-limiting infection. We evaluated these two immune stimulants in combination with melanoma with the aim of developing a more effective immunotherapy and to assess toxicity. In this phase I study, patients with histologically confirmed stage III/IV metastatic melanoma received IL BCG injection followed by up to four cycles of intravenous ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01838200). The trial was discontinued following treatment of the first five patients as the two patients receiving the escalation dose of BCG developed high-grade immune-related adverse events (irAEs) typical of ipilimumab monotherapy. These irAEs were characterized in both patients by profound increases in the repertoire of autoantibodies directed against both self- and cancer antigens. Interestingly, the induced autoantibodies were detected at time points that preceded the development of symptomatic toxicity. There was no overlap in the antigen specificity between patients and no evidence of clinical responses. Efforts to increase response rates through the use of novel immunotherapeutic combinations may be associated with higher rates of irAEs, thus the imperative to identify biomarkers of toxicity remains strong. While the small patient numbers in this trial do not allow for any conclusive evidence of predictive biomarkers, the observed changes warrant further examination of autoantibody repertoires in larger patient cohorts at risk of developing irAEs during their course of treatment. In summary, dose escalation of IL BCG followed by ipilimumab therapy was not well tolerated in advanced melanoma patients and showed no evidence of clinical benefit. Measuring autoantibody responses may provide early means for identifying patients at risk from developing severe irAEs during cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Da Gama Duarte
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles C Andrews
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katherine Woods
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anupama Pasam
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Candani Tutuka
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Ostrouska
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Sengenics Corporation, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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McGee DJ, Lu XH, Disbrow EA. Stomaching the Possibility of a Pathogenic Role for Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:367-374. [PMID: 29966206 PMCID: PMC6130334 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While a small subset of Parkinson's disease cases have genetic causes, most cases are sporadic and may have an environmental contributor that has largely remained enigmatic. Remarkably, gastrointestinal symptoms in PD patients serve as a prodrome for the eventual motor dysfunctions. Herein, we review studies exploring a possible link between the gastric human pathogen Helicobacter pylori and PD. We provide plausible and testable hypotheses for how this organism might contribute to PD: 1) a toxin(s) produced by the bacteria; 2) disruption of the intestinal microbiome; 3) local inflammation that crosses the gut-brain axis, leading to neuroinflammation; and 4) manipulation of the pharmacokinetics of the PD drug levodopa by H. pylori, even in those not receiving exogenous levodopa. Key findings are: 1) people with PD are 1.5-3-fold more likely to be infected with H. pylori than people without PD; 2) H. pylori-infected PD patients display worse motor functions than H. pylori-negative PD patients; 3) eradication of H. pylori improves motor function in PD patients over PD patients whose H. pylori was not eradicated; and 4) eradication of H. pylori improves levodopa absorption in PD patients compared to that of PD patients whose H. pylori was not eradicated. Evidence is accumulating that H. pylori has a link with PD, but the mechanism is unclear. Future work should explore the effects of H. pylori on development of PD in defined PD animal models, focusing on the roles of H. pylori toxins, inflammation, levodopa absorption, and microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. McGee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Disbrow
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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31
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Petra CV, Rus A, Dumitraşcu DL. Gastric microbiota: tracing the culprit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 90:369-376. [PMID: 29151783 PMCID: PMC5683824 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastric environment has been long time considered bacteria-free, but the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 1982 superseded this conception. Over the last decades new diagnostic methods have been developed, starting with culture-dependent and advancing to culture-independent ones. These modern techniques provide new insight into the composition and influence of this ecosystem on the entire gastrointestinal tract. H. pylori is no longer considered the only microorganism in the stomach, other non-H. pylori microbial species may populate the same environment and exercise their role. Current knowledge suggests possible links of these bacteria with gastroduodenal diseases, such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer but most of them need further scientific evidence. This review summarizes current information on these complex interrelations between gastric microbial communities and host in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vasile Petra
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aronel Rus
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Lucian Dumitraşcu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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32
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Chatterjee P, Roy D, Bhattacharyya M, Bandyopadhyay S. Biological networks in Parkinson's disease: an insight into the epigenetic mechanisms associated with this disease. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:721. [PMID: 28899360 PMCID: PMC5596942 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in the world. Studying PD from systems biology perspective involving genes and their regulators might provide deeper insights into the complex molecular interactions associated with this disease. RESULT We have studied gene co-expression network obtained from a PD-specific microarray data. The co-expression network identified 11 hub genes, of which eight genes are not previously known to be associated with PD. Further study on the functionality of these eight novel hub genes revealed that these genes play important roles in several neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we have studied the tissue-specific expression and histone modification patterns of the novel hub genes. Most of these genes possess several histone modification sites those are already known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Regulatory network namely mTF-miRNA-gene-gTF involves microRNA Transcription Factor (mTF), microRNA (miRNA), gene and gene Transcription Factor (gTF). Whereas long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) mediated regulatory network involves miRNA, gene, mTF and lncRNA. mTF-miRNA-gene-gTF regulatory network identified a novel feed-forward loop. lncRNA-mediated regulatory network identified novel lncRNAs of PD and revealed the two-way regulatory pattern of PD-specific miRNAs where miRNAs can be regulated by both the TFs and lncRNAs. SNP analysis of the most significant genes of the co-expression network identified 20 SNPs. These SNPs are present in the 3' UTR of known PD genes and are controlled by those miRNAs which are also involved in PD. CONCLUSION Our study identified eight novel hub genes which can be considered as possible candidates for future biomarker identification studies for PD. The two regulatory networks studied in our work provide a detailed overview of the cellular regulatory mechanisms where the non-coding RNAs namely miRNA and lncRNA, can act as epigenetic regulators of PD. SNPs identified in our study can be helpful for identifying PD at an earlier stage. Overall, this study may impart a better comprehension of the complex molecular interactions associated with PD from systems biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Acharya J.C. Bose Centenary Building, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Debjani Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Acharya J.C. Bose Centenary Building, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Malay Bhattacharyya
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah, PO 711103 India
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33
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de Korwin JD, Ianiro G, Gibiino G, Gasbarrini A. Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric diseases in 2017. Helicobacter 2017; 22 Suppl 1. [PMID: 28891133 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The huge variety of extragastric diseases linked to Helicobacter pylori infection is widely known, and new studies are conducted every year on this topic. Neurological disorders and metabolic syndrome are some of the main issues debated in the most recent literature. Articles on the association of H. pylori with skin diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, immunologic impairment, kidney dysfunction, allergic asthma, and respiratory diseases have been published as well. In this perspective, eradication therapy for this infection could become a mandatory measure in prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Dominique de Korwin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lorraine and University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Milano, Italy
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34
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Chen KS, Harris L, Lim JWC, Harvey TJ, Piper M, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Bunt J. Differential neuronal and glial expression of nuclear factor I proteins in the cerebral cortex of adult mice. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2465-2483. [PMID: 28295292 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors plays an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex in humans and mice. Disruption of nuclear factor IA (NFIA), nuclear factor IB (NFIB), or nuclear factor IX (NFIX) results in abnormal development of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, and hippocampus. However, the expression or function of these genes has not been examined in detail in the adult brain, and the cell type-specific expression of NFIA, NFIB, and NFIX is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of each NFI protein shows a distinct laminar pattern in the adult mouse neocortex and that their cell type-specific expression differs depending on the family member. NFIA expression was more frequently observed in astrocytes and oligodendroglia, whereas NFIB expression was predominantly localized to astrocytes and neurons. NFIX expression was most commonly observed in neurons. The NFI proteins were equally distributed within microglia, and the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain expressed all three proteins. In the hippocampus, the NFI proteins were expressed during all stages of neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus, with higher expression intensity in neuroblast cells as compared to quiescent stem cells and mature granule neurons. These findings suggest that the NFI proteins may play distinct roles in cell lineage specification or maintenance, and establish the basis for further investigation of their function in the adult brain and their emerging role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Siong Chen
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Linda J Richards
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Mischley LK. Nutrition and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 134:1143-1161. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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