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Elsemary MT, Maritz MF, Smith LE, Warkiani ME, Thierry B. Enrichment of T-lymphocytes from leukemic blood using inertial microfluidics toward improved chimeric antigen receptor-T cell manufacturing. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00714-X. [PMID: 38819362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy is a successful immunotherapy for the treatment of blood cancers. However, hurdles in their manufacturing remain including efficient isolation and purification of the T-cell starting material. Herein, we describe a one-step separation based on inertial spiral microfluidics for efficient enrichment of T-cells in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient's samples. In healthy donors used to optimize the process, the lymphocyte purity was enriched from 65% (SD ± 0.2) to 91% (SD ± 0.06) and T-cell purity was enriched from 45% (SD ± 0.1) to 73% (SD ± 0.02). Leukemic samples had higher starting B-cells compared to the healthy donor samples. Efficient enrichment and recovery of lymphocytes and T-cells were achieved in ALL samples with B-cells, monocytes and leukemic blasts depleted by 80% (SD ± 0.09), 89% (SD ± 0.1) and 74% (SD ± 0.09), respectively, and a 70% (SD ± 0.1) T-cell recovery. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples had lower T-cell numbers, and the separation process was less efficient compared to the ALL. This study demonstrates the use of inertial microfluidics for T-cell enrichment and depletion of B-cell blasts in ALL, suggesting its potential to address a key bottleneck of the chimeric antigen receptor-T manufacturing workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona T Elsemary
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Michelle F Maritz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Louise E Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
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High-Frequency Nanosecond Bleomycin Electrochemotherapy and its Effects on Changes in the Immune System and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246254. [PMID: 36551739 PMCID: PMC9776811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a time-dependent and time-independent study on bleomycin-based high-frequency nsECT (3.5 kV/cm × 200 pulses) for the elimination of LLC1 tumours in C57BL/6J mice is performed. We show the efficiency of nsECT (200 ns and 700 ns delivered at 1 kHz and 1 MHz) for the elimination of tumours in mice and increase of their survival. The dynamics of the immunomodulatory effects were observed after electrochemotherapy by investigating immune cell populations and antitumour antibodies at different timepoints after the treatment. ECT treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ T, splenic memory B and tumour-associated dendritic cell subsets. Moreover, increased levels of antitumour IgG antibodies after ECT treatment were detected. Based on the time-dependent study results, nsECT treatment upregulated PD 1 expression on splenic CD4+ Tr1 cells, increased the expansion of splenic CD8+ T, CD4+CD8+ T, plasma cells and the proportion of tumour-associated pro inflammatory macrophages. The Lin- population of immune cells that was increased in the spleens and tumour after nsECT was identified. It was shown that nsECT prolonged survival of the treated mice and induced significant changes in the immune system, which shows a promising alliance of nanosecond electrochemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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3
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Nebot-Bral L, Hollebecque A, Yurchenko AA, de Forceville L, Danjou M, Jouniaux JM, Rosa RCA, Pouvelle C, Aoufouchi S, Vuagnat P, Smolenschi C, Colomba E, Leary A, Marabelle A, Scoazec JY, Cassard L, Nikolaev S, Chaput N, Kannouche P. Overcoming resistance to αPD-1 of MMR-deficient tumors with high tumor-induced neutrophils levels by combination of αCTLA-4 and αPD-1 blockers. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e005059. [PMID: 35896284 PMCID: PMC9335020 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies have highlighted the efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 (αPD-1) monoclonal antibodies in patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (MMRD) tumors. However, the responsiveness of MMRD cancers to αPD-1 therapy is highly heterogeneous, and the origins of this variability remain not fully understood. METHODS 4T1 and CT26 mouse tumor cell lines were inactivated for the MMRD gene Msh2, leading to a massive accumulation of mutations after serial passages of cells. Insertions/deletion events and mutation load were evaluated by whole exome sequencing. Mice bearing highly mutated MMRD tumor or parental tumors were treated with αPD-1 and tumor volume was monitored. Immune cell type abundance was dynamically assessed in the tumor microenvironment and the blood by flow cytometry. Neutrophils were depleted in mice using αLY6G antibody, and regulatory T (Treg) cell population was reduced with αCD25 or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated protein 4 (αCTLA-4) antibodies. Patients with MMRD tumors treated with immune checkpoint blockade-based therapy were retrospectively identified and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated and examined for correlation with clinical benefit. RESULTS By recapitulating mismatch repair deficiency in different mouse tumor models, we revealed that elevated circulating tumor-induced neutrophils (TIN) in hypermutated MMRD tumors hampered response to αPD-1 monotherapy. Importantly, depletion of TIN using αLy-6G antibody reduced Treg cells and restored αPD-1 response. Conversely, targeting Treg cells by αCD25 or αCTLA-4 antibodies limited peripheral TIN accumulation and elicited response in αPD-1-resistant MMRD tumors, highlighting a crosstalk between TIN and Treg cells. Thus, αPD-1+αCTLA-4 combination overcomes TIN-induced resistance to αPD-1 in mice bearing MMRD tumors. Finally, in a cohort of human (high microsatellite instability)/MMRD tumors we revealed that early on-treatment change in the NLR ratio may predict resistance to αPD-1 therapy. CONCLUSIONS TIN countered αPD-1 efficacy in MMRD tumors. Since αCTLA-4 could restrict TIN accumulation, αPD-1+αCTLA-4 combination overcomes αPD-1 resistance in hosts with hypermutated MMRD tumors displaying abnormal neutrophil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Nebot-Bral
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrey A Yurchenko
- INSERM-U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Louise de Forceville
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Mathieu Danjou
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Unité US-23 INSERM, UMS-3655 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Reginaldo C A Rosa
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Pouvelle
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Perrine Vuagnat
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Cristina Smolenschi
- Département de médecine oncologique, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Emeline Colomba
- Département de médecine oncologique, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Département de médecine oncologique, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département de Biologie et pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Unité US-23 INSERM, UMS-3655 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- INSERM-U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Unité US-23 INSERM, UMS-3655 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Kannouche
- CNRS-UMR9019, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: From bench to bedside. Life Sci 2022; 297:120466. [PMID: 35271882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can present tumoral antigens to T-cells and stimulate T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses. In addition to uptaking, processing, and presenting tumoral antigens to T-cells, co-stimulatory signals have to be established between DCs with T-cells to develop anti-tumoral immune responses. However, most of the tumor-infiltrated immune cells are immunosuppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME), paving the way for immune evasion of tumor cells. This immunosuppressive TME has also been implicated in suppressing the DC-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses, as well. Various factors, i.e., immunoregulatory cells, metabolic factors, tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, have been implicated in developing the immunosuppressive TME. Herein, we aimed to review the biology of DCs in developing T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses, the significance of immunoregulatory cells in the TME, metabolic barriers contributing to DCs dysfunction in the TME, tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in DC-based cell therapy outcomes. With reviewing the ongoing clinical trials, we also proposed a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the efficacy of DC-based cell therapy. Indeed, the combination of DC-based cell therapy with monoclonal antibodies against novel immune checkpoint molecules can be a promising strategy to increase the response rate of patients with cancers.
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Kos K, de Visser KE. The Multifaceted Role of Regulatory T Cells in Breast Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021; 5:291-310. [PMID: 34632244 PMCID: PMC7611782 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-042920-104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of breast cancer hosts a dynamic cross talk between diverse players of the immune system. While cytotoxic immune cells are equipped to control tumor growth and metastasis, tumor-corrupted immunosuppressive immune cells strive to impair effective immunity and promote tumor progression. Of these, regulatory T cells (Tregs), the gatekeepers of immune homeostasis, emerge as multifaceted players involved in breast cancer. Intriguingly, clinical observations suggest that blood and intratumoral Tregs can have strong prognostic value, dictated by breast cancer subtype. Accordingly, emerging preclinical evidence shows that Tregs occupy a central role in breast cancer initiation and progression and provide critical support to metastasis formation. Here, Tregs are not only important for immune escape but also promote tumor progression independent of their immune regulatory capacity. Combining insights into Treg biology with advances made across the rapidly growing field of immuno-oncology is expected to set the stage for the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Salas LA, Lundgren SN, Browne EP, Punska EC, Anderton DL, Karagas MR, Arcaro KF, Christensen BC. Prediagnostic breast milk DNA methylation alterations in women who develop breast cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:662-673. [PMID: 31943067 PMCID: PMC7068171 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior candidate gene studies have shown tumor suppressor DNA methylation in breast milk related with history of breast biopsy, an established risk factor for breast cancer. To further establish the utility of breast milk as a tissue-specific biospecimen for investigations of breast carcinogenesis, we measured genome-wide DNA methylation in breast milk from women with and without a diagnosis of breast cancer in two independent cohorts. DNA methylation was assessed using Illumina HumanMethylation450k in 87 breast milk samples. Through an epigenome-wide association study we explored CpG sites associated with a breast cancer diagnosis in the prospectively collected milk samples from the breast that would develop cancer compared with women without a diagnosis of breast cancer using linear mixed effects models adjusted for history of breast biopsy, age, RefFreeCellMix cell estimates, time of delivery, array chip and subject as random effect. We identified 58 differentially methylated CpG sites associated with a subsequent breast cancer diagnosis (q-value <0.05). Nearly all CpG sites associated with a breast cancer diagnosis were hypomethylated in cases compared with controls and were enriched for CpG islands. In addition, inferred repeat element methylation was lower in breast milk DNA from cases compared to controls, and cases exhibited increased estimated epigenetic mitotic tick rate as well as DNA methylation age compared with controls. Breast milk has utility as a biospecimen for prospective assessment of disease risk, for understanding the underlying molecular basis of breast cancer risk factors and improving primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA.,The Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
| | - Sara N Lundgren
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA.,The Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Punska
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Douglas L Anderton
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbus, SC 29208, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA.,The Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
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7
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Chen H, Luan X, Paholak HJ, Burnett JP, Stevers NO, Sansanaphongpricha K, He M, Chang AE, Li Q, Sun D. Depleting tumor-associated Tregs via nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia to enhance anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:77-92. [PMID: 31868112 PMCID: PMC7132783 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aim to demonstrate that a local nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia can effectively eliminate tumor-associated Tregs and thereby boost checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. Materials & methods: Photothermal therapy (PTT), mediated with systemically administered stealthy iron-oxide nanoparticles, was applied to treat BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 murine breast tumors. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate both Treg and CD8+ T-cell population. Tumor growth following combination therapy of both PTT and anti-CTLA-4 was further evaluated. Results: Our data reveal that tumor-associated Tregs can be preferentially depleted via iron-oxide nanoparticles-mediated PTT. When combining PTT with anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, we demonstrate a significant inhibition of syngeneic 4T1 tumor growth. Conclusion: This study offers a novel strategy to overcome Treg-mediated immunosuppression and thereby to boost cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Luan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hayley J Paholak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph P Burnett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas O Stevers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kanokwan Sansanaphongpricha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Current address: National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kermarrec L, Eissa N, Wang H, Kapoor K, Diarra A, Gounni AS, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Semaphorin-3E attenuates intestinal inflammation through the regulation of the communication between splenic CD11C + and CD4 + CD25 - T-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1235-1250. [PMID: 30736100 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An alteration in the communication between the innate and adaptive immune cells is a hallmark of ulcerative colitis (UC). Semaphorin-3E (SEMA3E), a secreted guidance protein, regulates various immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the expression of SEMA3E in colonic biopsies of active UC patients and its mechanisms in Sema3e-/- mice using an experimental model of UC. KEY RESULTS SEMA3E level was decreased in active UC patients and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory mediators. Colonic expression of SEMA3E was reduced in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice, and recombinant (rec-) Plexin-D1 treatment exacerbated disease severity. In vivo rec-SEMA3E treatment restored SEMA3E level in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice. In Sema3e-/- mice, disease severity was increased, and rec-SEMA3E ameliorated these effects. Lack of Sema3e increased the expression of CD11c and CD86 markers. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenocytes and splenic CD11c+ cells produced more IL-12/23 and IFN-γ compared to Sema3e+/+ , and rec-SEMA3E reduced their release as much as NF-κB inhibitors, whereas an NF-κB activator increased their production and attenuated the effect of rec-SEMA3E. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenic CD11c+ /CD4+ CD25- T-cell co-cultures produced higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 when compared to colitic Sema3e+/+ splenic cell co-cultures, and rec-SEMA3E decreased these effects. In vitro, anti-IL-12p19 and -12p35 antibodies and rec-IL-12 and -23 treatment confirmed the crosstalk between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SEMA3E is reduced in colitis and modulates colonic inflammation by regulating the interaction between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Thus, SEMA3E could be a potential therapeutic target for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Kermarrec
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kunal Kapoor
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdoulaye Diarra
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Rothschilds AM, Wittrup KD. What, Why, Where, and When: Bringing Timing to Immuno-Oncology. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Autologous tumor cells/bacillus Calmette-Guérin/formalin-based novel breast cancer vaccine induces an immune antitumor response. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20222-20238. [PMID: 29755647 PMCID: PMC5945537 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous cancer cell vaccines represent a multivalent patient-specific treatment. Studies have demonstrated that these immunotherapies should be combined with immunomodulators to improve results. We tested in breast cancer the antitumor effects of a 200 µg autologous tumor cells homogenate combined with 0.0625 mg of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and 0.02% formalin. We used a 4T1 murine model of BALB/c receiving four weekly injections of either this vaccine or control treatments. The control treatments were either Phosphate Buffer Saline, BCG treated with formalin, or the tumor cells homogenate plus BCG alone. We found that mice treated with the vaccine had the lowest tumor growth rate and mitosis percentage. The vaccinated group also showed a marked increase in infiltration of antitumor cells (natural killer, CD8+ T and CD4+ Th1 cells), as well as a decrease of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Additionally, we also observed a possible activation of the immune memory response as indicated by plasma cell tumor infiltration. Our results demonstrate that our proposed breast cancer vaccine induces a potent antitumor effect in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Its effectiveness, low cost and simple preparation method, makes it a promising treatment candidate for personalized breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Goudin N, Chappert P, Mégret J, Gross DA, Rocha B, Azogui O. Correction: Depletion of Regulatory T Cells Induces High Numbers of Dendritic Cells and Unmasks a Subset of Anti-Tumour CD8+CD11c+ PD-1lo Effector T Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171373. [PMID: 28129385 PMCID: PMC5271351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Yan X, Wu C, Chen T, Santos MM, Liu CL, Yang C, Zhang L, Ren J, Liao S, Guo H, Sukhova GK, Shi GP. Cathepsin S inhibition changes regulatory T-cell activity in regulating bladder cancer and immune cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mol Immunol 2016; 82:66-74. [PMID: 28033540 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immune suppressive cells, but their roles in tumor growth have been elusive, depending on tumor type or site. Our prior study demonstrated a role of cathepsin S (CatS) in reducing Treg immunosuppressive activity. Therefore, CatS inhibition in Tregs may exacerbate tumor growth. Using mouse bladder carcinoma MB49 cell subcutaneous implant tumor model, we detected no difference in tumor growth, whether mice were given saline- or CatS inhibitor-treated Tregs. However, mice that received inhibitor-treated Tregs had fewer splenic and tumor Tregs, and lower levels of tumor and splenic cell proliferation than mice that received saline-treated Tregs. In vitro, inhibitor-treated Tregs showed lower proliferation and higher apoptosis than saline-treated Tregs when cells were exposed to MB49. In contrast, both types of Tregs showed no difference in proliferation when they were co-cultured with normal splenocytes. Inhibitor-treated Tregs had less apoptosis in splenocytes, but more apoptosis in splenocytes with MB49 conditioned media than saline-treated Tregs. In turn, we detected less proliferation and more apoptosis of MB94 cells after co-culture with inhibitor-treated Tregs, compared with saline-treated Tregs. B220+ B-cell, CD4+ T-cell, and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and apoptosis were also lower in splenocytes co-cultured with inhibitor-treated Tregs than with saline-treated Tregs. Under the same conditions, the addition of cancer cell-conditioned media greatly increased CD8+ T-cell proliferation and reduced CD8+ T-cell apoptosis. These observations suggest that CatS inhibition of Tregs may reduce overall T-cell immunity under normal conditions, but enhance CD8+ T-cell immunity in the presence of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcela M Santos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongqiang Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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