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Shi M, Zhang Y. Efficacy of nimotuzumab in combination with immunotherapy for a young recurrent cervical cancer patient: a case report and literature review. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:644-652. [PMID: 38950136 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and more than one-third of the patients have already developed to a locally advanced stage at initial diagnosis. After standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy, recurrence still occurs in 29-38% of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), and the 5-year survival rate of patients with recurrence is only 3.8-13.0%, resulting in a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic choices. Currently, the recommended first-line systemic treatment for recurrent metastatic cervical cancer involves cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, supplemented with the antivascular agent bevacizumab and the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab. The use of these drugs, however, is limited due to side effects such as myelosuppression, gastrointestinal perforation, and bleeding, so new treatment modalities need to be explored. Anti-EGFR (epithelial growth factor receptor, anti-surface growth factor receptor antibody) targeted drugs have been demonstrated to have a significant radiosensitizing effect on synchronous chemoradiotherapy in LACC and are now considered to have potential for the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer. We represented a LACC patient who relapsed 6 months after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The patient received six cycles of nimotuzumab combined with camrelizumab, and the efficacy was evaluated to be partial remission after two or four cycles of treatment, with progression-free survival up to 9 months, without significant side effects. Until March 2024, the patient was still undergoing treatment. Promising efficacy and tolerable side effects of nimotuzumab in combination with camrelizumab were observed in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Kuznetsova AV, Glukhova XA, Popova OP, Beletsky IP, Ivanov AA. Contemporary Approaches to Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2270. [PMID: 38927974 PMCID: PMC11201544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the arrival of the immunotherapy industry has introduced the possibility of providing transformative, durable, and potentially curative outcomes for various forms of malignancies. However, further research has shown that there are a number of issues that significantly reduce the effectiveness of immunotherapy, especially in solid tumors. First of all, these problems are related to the protective mechanisms of the tumor and its microenvironment. Currently, major efforts are focused on overcoming protective mechanisms by using different adoptive cell therapy variants and modifications of genetically engineered constructs. In addition, a complex workforce is required to develop and implement these treatments. To overcome these significant challenges, innovative strategies and approaches are necessary to engineer more powerful variations of immunotherapy with improved antitumor activity and decreased toxicity. In this review, we discuss recent innovations in immunotherapy aimed at improving clinical efficacy in solid tumors, as well as strategies to overcome the limitations of various immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Russian University of Medicine (Formerly A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bld 4, Dolgorukovskaya Str, 1127006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xenia A. Glukhova
- Onni Biotechnologies Ltd., Aalto University Campus, Metallimiehenkuja 10, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (X.A.G.); (I.P.B.)
| | - Olga P. Popova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Russian University of Medicine (Formerly A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bld 4, Dolgorukovskaya Str, 1127006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.)
| | - Igor P. Beletsky
- Onni Biotechnologies Ltd., Aalto University Campus, Metallimiehenkuja 10, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (X.A.G.); (I.P.B.)
| | - Alexey A. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Russian University of Medicine (Formerly A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bld 4, Dolgorukovskaya Str, 1127006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.)
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3
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Hu Z, Zhang Q, He Z, Jia X, Zhang W, Cao X. MHC1/LILRB1 axis as an innate immune checkpoint for cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1421092. [PMID: 38911856 PMCID: PMC11190085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1421092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have revolutionized cancer therapy through unleashing anti-tumor adaptive immunity. Despite that, they are usually effective only in a small subset of patients and relapse can occur in patients who initially respond to the treatment. Recent breakthroughs in this field have identified innate immune checkpoints harnessed by cancer cells to escape immunosurveillance from innate immunity. MHC1 appears to be such a molecule expressed on cancer cells which can transmit a negative signal to innate immune cells through interaction with leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 (LILRB1). The review aims to summarize the current understanding of MHC1/LILRB1 axis on mediating cancer immune evasion with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential to block this axis for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, one should note that this field is still in its infancy and more studies are warranted to further verify the effectiveness and safety in clinical as well as the potential to combine with existing immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaodong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Jia
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Marin ND, Becker-Hapak M, Song WM, Alayo QA, Marsala L, Sonnek N, Berrien-Elliott MM, Foster M, Foltz JA, Tran J, Wong P, Cubitt CC, Pence P, Hwang K, Zhou AY, Jacobs MT, Schappe T, Russler-Germain DA, Fields RC, Ciorba MA, Fehniger TA. Memory-like differentiation enhances NK cell responses against colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2348254. [PMID: 38737793 PMCID: PMC11086027 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2348254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic (m) colorectal cancer (CRC) is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis and thus remains an unmet clinical need. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based immunotherapy is effective for mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) mCRC patients, but it does not benefit the majority of mCRC patients. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells with potent effector responses against a variety of tumor cells but are frequently dysfunctional in cancer patients. Memory-like (ML) NK cells differentiated after IL-12/IL-15/IL-18 activation overcome many challenges to effective NK cell anti-tumor responses, exhibiting enhanced recognition, function, and in vivo persistence. We hypothesized that ML differentiation enhances the NK cell responses to CRC. Compared to conventional (c) NK cells, ML NK cells displayed increased IFN-γ production against both CRC cell lines and primary patient-derived CRC spheroids. ML NK cells also exhibited improved killing of CRC target cells in vitro in short-term and sustained cytotoxicity assays, as well as in vivo in NSG mice. Mechanistically, enhanced ML NK cell responses were dependent on the activating receptor NKG2D as its blockade significantly decreased ML NK cell functions. Compared to cNK cells, ML NK cells exhibited greater antibody-dependent cytotoxicity when targeted against CRC by cetuximab. ML NK cells from healthy donors and mCRC patients exhibited increased anti-CRC responses. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ML NK cells exhibit enhanced responses against CRC targets, warranting further investigation in clinical trials for mCRC patients, including those who have failed ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Marin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wilbur M. Song
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Quazim A. Alayo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Naomi Sonnek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa M. Berrien-Elliott
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Foster
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Foltz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celia C. Cubitt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Pence
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kimberly Hwang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alice Y. Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miriam T. Jacobs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A. Russler-Germain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Xiong F, Zhou YW, Hao YT, Wei GX, Chen XR, Qiu M. Combining Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Therapy with Immunotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC). Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:185-192. [PMID: 37705376 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2232718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies binding the EGFR, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, have been extensively used as targeted therapy for the treatment of mCRC. However, in clinical practice, it has been found that these treatment options have some limitations and fail to fully exploit their immunoregulatory activities. Meanwhile, because of the limited effects of current treatments, immunotherapy is being widely studied for patients with mCRC. However, previous immunotherapy trials in mCRC patients have had unsatisfactory outcomes as monotherapy. Thus, combinatorial treatment strategies are being researched. AREAS COVERED The authors retrieved relevant documents of combination therapy for mCRC from PubMed and Medline. This review elaborates on the knowledge of immunomodulatory effects of anti-EGFR therapy alone and in combination with immunotherapy for mCRC. EXPERT OPINION Although current treatment options have improved median overall survival (OS) for advanced disease to 30 months, the prognosis remains challenging for those with metastatic disease. More recently, the combination of anti-EGFR therapy with immunotherapy has been shown activity with complementary mechanisms. Hence, anti-EGFR therapy in combination with immunotherapy may hold the key to improving the therapeutic effect of refractory mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ting Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gui-Xia Wei
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Choi MG, Son GW, Choi MY, Jung JS, Rho JK, Ji W, Yoon BG, Jo JM, Kim YM, Ko DH, Lee JC, Choi CM. Safety and efficacy of SNK01 (autologous natural killer cells) in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or cetuximab after failure of prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer: non-clinical mouse model and phase I/IIa clinical study. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008585. [PMID: 38538093 PMCID: PMC10982808 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing treatments for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with osimertinib resistance is challenging. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of SNK01 (autologous natural killer (NK) cells) in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or cetuximab (an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody) in treating EGFR-mutated NSCLC in this non-clinical and phase I/IIa clinical trial. METHODS We developed a cell line-derived xenograft-humanized mouse model with an osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cell line. The mice were divided into four groups based on treatment (no treatment, cetuximab, SNK01, and combination groups) and treated weekly for 5 weeks. In the clinical study, 12 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who failed prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) received SNK01 weekly in combination with gemcitabine/carboplatin (n=6) or cetuximab/gemcitabine/carboplatin (n=6) and dose escalation of SNK01 following the "3+3" design. RESULTS In the non-clinical study, an increase in NK cells in the blood and enhanced NK cell tumor infiltration were observed in the SNK01 group. The volume of tumor extracted after treatment was the smallest in the combination group. In the clinical study, 12 patients (median age, 60.9 years; all adenocarcinoma cases) received SNK01 weekly for 7-8 weeks (4×109 cells/dose (n=6); 6×109 cells/dose (n=6)). The maximum feasible dose of SNK01 was 6×109 cells/dose without dose-limiting toxicity. Efficacy outcomes showed an objective response rate of 25%, disease control rate of 100%, and median progression-free survival of 143 days. CONCLUSION SNK01 in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, including cetuximab, for EGFR-mutated NSCLC with TKI resistance was safe and exerted a potential antitumor effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04872634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Geun Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kasi PM, Afable MG, Herting C, Lukanowski M, Jin Z. Anti-EGFR Antibodies in the Management of Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Oncologist 2023; 28:1034-1048. [PMID: 37774394 PMCID: PMC11025386 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and incidence is rising in younger individuals. Anti-EGFR antibodies, including cetuximab and panitumumab, have been incorporated into standard-of-care practice for patients with advanced disease. Herein, we review the molecular characteristics of these agents and the trials that lead to their approvals. Further, we discuss clinical implications of data regarding biomarkers that dictate treatment selection, different dosing strategies, and side effect management. Finally, we look towards the future and describe contexts in which these agents are currently being investigated clinically with a focus on combinations with MAPK-targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Overall, this review provides historical context, current clinical usage, and future directions for anti-EGFR antibodies in advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Division of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cameron Herting
- Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Chen W, Hu Z, Guo Z. Targeting CD24 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3159. [PMID: 38137380 PMCID: PMC10740697 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a hot area in cancer treatment, and one of the keys to this therapy is the identification of the right tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen. Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is an emerging tumour-associated antigen that is commonly and highly expressed in various tumours. In addition, CD24 is associated with several cancer-related signalling pathways and closely interacts with other molecules and immune cells to influence tumour progression. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and CAR-NK cell therapy are currently available for the treatment of CD24. In this review, we summarise the existing therapeutic approaches and possible future directions targeting CD24.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
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Koh EK, Lee HR, Son WC, Park GY, Bae J, Park YS. Antitumor effects of NK cells expanded by activation pre‑processing of autologous feeder cells before irradiation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:232. [PMID: 37153058 PMCID: PMC10157612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in early immune defenses against transformed cells and are used in the therapeutic management of cancer. However, it is difficult to sufficiently obtain high purity activated NK cells for clinical application. The function of NK cells is dependent on the balance of activating and inhibitory signals. Strong and diverse stimuli are required to increase the function of NK cells. Radiotherapy modulates the expression of various immunomodulatory molecules that recruit and activate NK cells. NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is one of the most potent cytotoxic effects of NK cells against target cancer cells. To generate activated and irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cytokine and monoclonal antibody stimulation followed by ionizing radiation was performed in the present study. The expanded NK cells were cultured for 21 days using activated/irradiated autologous PBMCs. Colorectal cancer cells (SW480 and HT-29) were used to analyze the expression of NK group 2D ligands and EGFR by radiation. The cytotoxicity of radiation plus NK cell-based targeted therapy against colorectal cancer cell lines was analyzed using flow cytometry. Activated and irradiated PBMCs exhibited significantly increased expression of various activating ligands that stimulated NK cells. In total, >10,000-fold high-purity activated NK cells were obtained, with negligible T-cell contamination. To confirm the antitumor activity of the NK cells expanded by this method, the expanded NK cells were treated with cetuximab, radiotherapy, or a combination of cetuximab and radiotherapy in the presence of human colorectal cancer cells. Expanded NK cells were effective at targeting human colorectal cancer cells, particularly when combined with cetuximab and radiotherapy. Thus, in the present study, a novel method for high-purity activated NK cell expansion was developed using activated and irradiated PBMCs. In addition, combined radiotherapy and antibody-based immunotherapy with expanded NK cells may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of treatment against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Koh
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Lee
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Son
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Professor Jaeho Bae, Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
| | - You-Soo Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence to: Dr You-Soo Park, Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
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Al-Hujaily EM, Al-Sowayan BS, Alyousef Z, Uddin S, Alammari F. Recruiting Immunity for the Fight against Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213696. [PMID: 36430176 PMCID: PMC9697544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer management and improved the standard treatment protocols used in multiple tumors. This has led to significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival rates. In this review article, we provide an insight into the major immunotherapeutic methods that are currently under investigation for colorectal cancer (CRC) and their clinical implementations. We emphasize therapies that are based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive cell therapy, their mechanisms of action, their advantages, and their potential in combination therapy. We also highlight the clinical trials that have demonstrated both the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicities associated with each method. In addition, we summarize emerging targets that are now being evaluated as potential interventions for CRC. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future direction for the cancer immunotherapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensaf M. Al-Hujaily
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla S. Al-Sowayan
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alyousef
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Zaher S, Saber-Ayad M. Checkpoint molecules on infiltrating immune cells in colorectal tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:955599. [PMID: 36072957 PMCID: PMC9441912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains multiple interactions between the tumor and the host, thus determining CRC initiation and progression. Various immune cells exist within the TME, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). The immunotherapy approach provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors, especially toward immune checkpoints. Despite the advances in the immunotherapy of CRC, there are still obstacles to successful treatment. In this review, we highlighted the role of these immune cells in CRC, with a particular emphasis on immune checkpoint molecules involved in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha M. Elemam,
| | - Shroque Zaher
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Maha Saber-Ayad,
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12
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Mutant RAS and the tumor microenvironment as dual therapeutic targets for advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 109:102433. [PMID: 35905558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RAS genes are the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancer. These mutations occur in roughly half of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). RAS mutant tumors are resistant to therapy with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, patients with RAS mutant CRC currently have few effective therapy options. RAS mutations lead to constitutively active RAS GTPases, involved in multiple downstream signaling pathways. These alterations are associated with a tumor microenvironment (TME) that drives immune evasion and disease progression by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on the available evidence in the literature explaining the potential effects of RAS mutations on the CRC microenvironment. Ongoing efforts to influence the TME by targeting mutant RAS and thereby sensitizing these tumors to immunotherapy will be discussed as well.
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13
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Della Chiesa M, Setti C, Giordano C, Obino V, Greppi M, Pesce S, Marcenaro E, Rutigliani M, Provinciali N, Paleari L, DeCensi A, Sivori S, Carlomagno S. NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1033. [PMID: 35891197 PMCID: PMC9323201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are all round players in immunity thanks to their powerful and immediate response against transformed cells and the ability to modulate the subsequent adaptive immune response. The potential of immunotherapies based on NK cell involvement has been initially revealed in the hematological setting but has inspired the design of different immune tools to also be applied against solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Indeed, despite cancer prevention screening plans, surgery, and chemotherapy strategies, CRC is one of the most widespread cancers and with the highest mortality rate. Therefore, further efficient and complementary immune-based therapies are in urgent need. In this review, we gathered the most recent advances in NK cell-based immunotherapies aimed at fighting CRC, in particular, the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive NK cell therapy, including NK cells modified with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-NK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Setti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Giordano
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Valentina Obino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | | | | | - Laura Paleari
- A.Li.Sa., Liguria Region Health Authority, 16121 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Medical Oncology, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (N.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Carlomagno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (E.M.); (S.S.)
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14
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Plundrich D, Chikhladze S, Fichtner-Feigl S, Feuerstein R, Briquez PS. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2782. [PMID: 35269922 PMCID: PMC8910988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most important health challenges in our society. The development of cancer immunotherapies has fostered the need to better understand the anti-tumor immune mechanisms at play in the tumor microenvironment and the strategies by which the tumor escapes them. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular interactions that regulate tumor inflammation. We particularly discuss immunomodulatory cell-cell interactions, cell-soluble factor interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and cell-microbiome interactions. While doing so, we highlight relevant examples of tumor immunomodulation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Li C, Liu F, Sun L, Liu Z, Zeng Y. Natural killer cell-related gene signature predicts malignancy of glioma and the survival of patients. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:230. [PMID: 35236310 PMCID: PMC8892793 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells-based therapies are one of the most promising strategies against cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the natural killer cell related genes and its prognostic value in glioma. Methods The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) was used to develop the natural killer cell-related signature. Risk score was built by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. A cohort of 326 glioma samples with whole transcriptome expression data from the CGGA database was included for discovery. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets was used for validation. GO and KEGG were used to reveal the biological process and function associated with the natural killer cell-related signature. We also collected the clinical pathological features of patients with gliomas to analyze the association with tumor malignancy and patients’ survival. Results We screened for NK-related genes to build a prognostic signature, and identified the risk score based on the signature. We found that NK-related risk score was independent of various clinical factors. Nature-killer cell gene expression is correlated with clinicopathological features of gliomas. Innovatively, we demonstrated the tight relation between the risk score and immune checkpoints, and found NK-related risk score combined with PD1/PDL1 patients could predict the patient outcome. Conclusion Natural killer cell-related gene signature can predict malignancy of glioma and the survival of patients, these results might provide new view for the research of glioma malignancy and individual immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09230-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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16
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Chen Y, Zheng X, Wu C. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:792691. [PMID: 34925375 PMCID: PMC8674693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest mortality rate among all cancers worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeting and other treatment methods have significantly prolonged the survival of patients with CRC. Recently, the emergence of tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought new immunotherapy options for the treatment of advanced CRC. As the efficacy of ICIs is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the immune microenvironment of CRC and the efficacy of immunotherapy to ensure that the appropriate drugs are selected. We herein review the latest research progress in the immune microenvironment and strategies related to immunotherapy for CRC. We hope that this review helps in the selection of appropriate treatment strategies for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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17
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Díaz‐Basabe A, Burrello C, Lattanzi G, Botti F, Carrara A, Cassinotti E, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. Human intestinal and circulating invariant natural killer T cells are cytotoxic against colorectal cancer cells via the perforin-granzyme pathway. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3385-3403. [PMID: 34535957 PMCID: PMC8637555 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are lipid-specific T lymphocytes endowed with cytotoxic activities and are thus considered important in antitumor immunity. While several studies have demonstrated iNKT cell cytotoxicity against different tumors, very little is known about their cell-killing activities in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Our aim was to assess whether human iNKT cells are cytotoxic against colon cancer cells and the mechanisms underlying this activity. For this purpose, we generated stable iNKT cell lines from peripheral blood and colon specimens and used NK-92 and peripheral blood natural killer cells as cell-mediated cytotoxicity controls. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using a panel of well-characterized human CRC cell lines, and the cellular requirements for iNKT cell cytotoxic functions were evaluated. We demonstrated that both intestinal and circulating iNKT cells were cytotoxic against the entire panel of CRC lines, as well as against freshly isolated patient-derived colonic epithelial cancer cells. Perforin and/or granzyme inhibition impaired iNKT cell cytotoxicity, whereas T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling was a less stringent requirement for efficient killing. This study is the first evidence of tissue-derived iNKT cell cytotoxic activity in humans, as it shows that iNKT cells depend on the perforin-granzyme pathway and both adaptive and innate signal recognition for proper elimination of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Díaz‐Basabe
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐oncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Claudia Burrello
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐oncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Fiorenzo Botti
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Cà GrandaOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Carrara
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Cà GrandaOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Elisa Cassinotti
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy UnitFondazione IRCCS Cà GrandaOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
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18
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Adeniji OS, Kuri-Cervantes L, Yu C, Xu Z, Ho M, Chew GM, Shikuma C, Tomescu C, George AF, Roan NR, Ndhlovu LC, Liu Q, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Betts MR, Xiao H, Abdel-Mohsen M. Siglec-9 defines and restrains a natural killer subpopulation highly cytotoxic to HIV-infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010034. [PMID: 34762717 PMCID: PMC8584986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-9 is an MHC-independent inhibitory receptor expressed on a subset of natural killer (NK) cells. Siglec-9 restrains NK cytotoxicity by binding to sialoglycans (sialic acid-containing glycans) on target cells. Despite the importance of Siglec-9 interactions in tumor immune evasion, their role as an immune evasion mechanism during HIV infection has not been investigated. Using in vivo phenotypic analyses, we found that Siglec-9+ CD56dim NK cells, during HIV infection, exhibit an activated phenotype with higher expression of activating receptors and markers (NKp30, CD38, CD16, DNAM-1, perforin) and lower expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, compared to Siglec-9- CD56dim NK cells. We also found that levels of Siglec-9+ CD56dim NK cells inversely correlate with viral load during viremic infection and CD4+ T cell-associated HIV DNA during suppressed infection. Using in vitro cytotoxicity assays, we confirmed that Siglec-9+ NK cells exhibit higher cytotoxicity towards HIV-infected cells compared to Siglec-9- NK cells. These data are consistent with the notion that Siglec-9+ NK cells are highly cytotoxic against HIV-infected cells. However, blocking Siglec-9 enhanced NK cells' ability to lyse HIV-infected cells, consistent with the known inhibitory function of the Siglec-9 molecule. Together, these data support a model in which the Siglec-9+ CD56dim NK subpopulation is highly cytotoxic against HIV-infected cells even whilst being restrained by the inhibitory effects of Siglec-9. To harness the cytotoxic capacity of the Siglec-9+ NK subpopulation, which is dampened by Siglec-9, we developed a proof-of-concept approach to selectively disrupt Siglec/sialoglycan interactions between NK and HIV-infected cells. We achieved this goal by conjugating Sialidase to several HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies. These conjugates selectively desialylated HIV-infected cells and enhanced NK cells' capacity to kill them. In summary, we identified a novel, glycan-based interaction that may contribute to HIV-infected cells' ability to evade NK immunosurveillance and developed an approach to break this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi S. Adeniji
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Chenfei Yu
- Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ziyang Xu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle Ho
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Glen M. Chew
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Shikuma
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Costin Tomescu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ashley F. George
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Betts
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Han Xiao
- Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Aparicio C, Belver M, Enríquez L, Espeso F, Núñez L, Sánchez A, de la Fuente MÁ, González-Vallinas M. Cell Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: The Promise of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11781. [PMID: 34769211 PMCID: PMC8583883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health problem as it is the third most prevalent and the second most lethal cancer worldwide. Major efforts are underway to understand its molecular pathways as well as to define the tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumour-specific antigens (TSAs) or neoantigens, in order to develop an effective treatment. Cell therapies are currently gaining importance, and more specifically chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, in which genetically modified T cells are redirected against the tumour antigen of interest. This immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising advances in cancer treatment, having successfully demonstrated its efficacy in haematological malignancies. However, in solid tumours, such as colon cancer, it is proving difficult to achieve the same results due to the shortage of TSAs, on-target off-tumour effects, low CAR-T cell infiltration and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. To address these challenges in CRC, new approaches are proposed, including combined therapies, the regional administration of CAR-T cells and more complex CAR structures, among others. This review comprehensively summarises the current landscape of CAR-T cell therapy in CRC from the potential tumour targets to the preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as the limitations and future perspectives of this novel antitumour strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Margarita González-Vallinas
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid (UVa)-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.B.); (L.E.); (F.E.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (M.Á.d.l.F.)
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20
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Toffoli EC, Sheikhi A, Lameris R, King LA, van Vliet A, Walcheck B, Verheul HMW, Spanholtz J, Tuynman J, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Enhancement of NK Cell Antitumor Effector Functions Using a Bispecific Single Domain Antibody Targeting CD16 and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215446. [PMID: 34771609 PMCID: PMC8582566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Strategies to enhance the preferential accumulation and activation of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment can be expected to increase the efficacy of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we report that a bispecific single domain antibody (VHH) that targets CD16 (FcRγIII) on NK cells and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on tumor cells can be used to target and enhance cytolysis of cancer cells. The bispecific VHH enhanced NK cell activation and cytotoxicity in an EGFR- and CD16-dependent and KRAS-independent manner. Moreover, the bispecific VHH induced stronger activity of cancer patient-derived NK cells and resulted in tumor control in a co-culture of metastatic colorectal cancer cells and either autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells or allogeneic CD16+ NK cells. We believe that this novel approach could represent a valid therapeutic strategy either alone or in combination with other NK cell-based therapies. Abstract The ability to kill tumor cells while maintaining an acceptable safety profile makes Natural Killer (NK) cells promising assets for cancer therapy. Strategies to enhance the preferential accumulation and activation of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment can be expected to increase the efficacy of NK cell-based therapies. In this study, we show binding of a novel bispecific single domain antibody (VHH) to both CD16 (FcRγIII) on NK cells and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on tumor cells of epithelial origin. The bispecific VHH triggered CD16- and EGFR-dependent activation of NK cells and subsequent lysis of tumor cells, regardless of the KRAS mutational status of the tumor. Enhancement of NK cell activation by the bispecific VHH was also observed when NK cells of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were co-cultured with EGFR expressing tumor cells. Finally, higher levels of cytotoxicity were found against patient-derived metastatic CRC cells in the presence of the bispecific VHH and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells or allogeneic CD16 expressing NK cells. The anticancer activity of CD16-EGFR bispecific VHHs reported here merits further exploration to assess its potential therapeutic activity either alone or in combination with adoptive NK cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa C. Toffoli
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (R.L.); (L.A.K.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (R.L.); (L.A.K.); (T.D.d.G.)
- School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Dezful 64616-43993, Iran
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (R.L.); (L.A.K.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Lisa A. King
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (R.L.); (L.A.K.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Amanda van Vliet
- Glycostem Therapeutics, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (A.v.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Henk M. W. Verheul
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan Spanholtz
- Glycostem Therapeutics, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (A.v.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jurriaan Tuynman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (R.L.); (L.A.K.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (R.L.); (L.A.K.); (T.D.d.G.)
- Lava Therapeutics, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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21
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APC and TP53 Mutations Predict Cetuximab Sensitivity across Consensus Molecular Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215394. [PMID: 34771559 PMCID: PMC8582550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths. Cetuximab is an FDA-approved, underutilized therapeutic targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in metastatic CRC. To date, despite selection of patients with wild-type RAS, it is still difficult to identify patients who may benefit from EGFR inhibitor (e.g., cetuximab) therapy. Our aim is to molecularly classify CRC patients to better identify subpopulations sensitive to EGFR targeted therapy. APC and TP53 are two major tumor suppressor genes in CRC whose mutations contribute to tumor initiation and progression and may identify cetuximab-sensitive tumors. Recently, it has been suggested that the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification may be used to help identify cetuximab-sensitive patients. Here, we report an analysis of multiple CRC tumor/PDX/cell line datasets using combined APC and TP53 mutations to refine the CMS classification to better predict responses to cetuximab to improve patient outcomes. Abstract Recently, it was suggested that consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) may aide in predicting response to EGFR inhibitor (cetuximab) therapies. We recently identified that APC and TP53 as two tumor suppressor genes, when mutated, may enhance cetuximab sensitivity and may represent easily measured biomarkers in tumors or blood. Our study aimed to use APC and TP53 mutations (AP) to refine the CMS classification to better predict responses to cetuximab. In total, 433 CRC tumors were classified into CMS1-4 subtypes. The cetuximab sensitivity (CTX-S) signature scores of AP vs. non-AP tumors were determined across each of the CMS classes. Tumors harboring combined AP mutations were predominantly enriched in the CMS2 class, and to a lesser degree, in the CMS4 class. On the other hand, AP mutated CRCs had significantly higher CTX-S scores compared to non-AP CRCs across all CMS classes. Similar results were also obtained in independent TCGA tumor collections (n = 531) and in PDMR PDX/PDO/PDC models (n = 477). In addition, the in vitro cetuximab growth inhibition was preferentially associated with the CMS2 cell lines harboring A/P genotypes. In conclusion, the AP mutation signature represents a convenient biomarker that refines the CMS classification to identify CRC subpopulations predicted to be sensitive to EGFR targeted therapies.
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Baysal H, De Pauw I, Zaryouh H, Peeters M, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, De Waele J, Wouters A. The Right Partner in Crime: Unlocking the Potential of the Anti-EGFR Antibody Cetuximab via Combination With Natural Killer Cell Chartering Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737311. [PMID: 34557197 PMCID: PMC8453198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab has an established role in the treatment of patients with recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). However, the long-term effectiveness of cetuximab has been limited by the development of acquired resistance, leading to tumor relapse. By contrast, immunotherapies can elicit long-term tumor regression, but the overall response rates are much more limited. In addition to epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibition, cetuximab can activate natural killer (NK) cells to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In view of the above, there is an unmet need for the majority of patients that are treated with both monotherapy cetuximab and immunotherapy. Accumulated evidence from (pre-)clinical studies suggests that targeted therapies can have synergistic antitumor effects through combination with immunotherapy. However, further optimizations, aimed towards illuminating the multifaceted interplay, are required to avoid toxicity and to achieve better therapeutic effectiveness. The current review summarizes existing (pre-)clinical evidence to provide a rationale supporting the use of combined cetuximab and immunotherapy approaches in patients with different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Baysal
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Zaryouh
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Ma SM, Dong J, Liang L, Liu XT, Meng XY, Zhang HS, Yang J. The prognostic and clinicopathological roles of microsatellite instability, PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in familial adenomatous polyposis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:211-217. [PMID: 34483031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability, programmed death-ligand 1 and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes are prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer but unknown toward familial adenomatous polyposis. AIM To investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological roles of microsatellite instability, programmed death-ligand 1 and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in familial adenomatous polyposis. METHODS Clinical data and paraffin embedded tissues from 45 familial adenomatous polyposis patients were collected. Microsatellite instability was detected by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Programmed death-ligand 1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes comprising CD8+ T cells, M1 and M2 tumor associated macrophages, CD56bright and CD56dim natural killer cells were analyzed using multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Microsatellite instability high was noted in 6 samples but not associated with overall survival or progression-free survival. Programmed death-ligand 1 is negative on tumor cells but positive on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, and positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression on tumor-infiltrating leucocytes is associated with overall survival. Low CD56bright natural killer cell infiltration was associated with longer progression-free survival and was an independent prognostic factor in FAP. CONCLUSION For familial adenomatous polyposis, microsatellite instability high can be found but has no correlation with prognosis; programmed death-ligand 1 on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes is related with overall survival; CD56bright natural killer cell is an independent prognostic factor associating with longer progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Meng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Hu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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24
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Dai Y, Zhao W, Yue L, Dai X, Rong D, Wu F, Gu J, Qian X. Perspectives on Immunotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659964. [PMID: 34178645 PMCID: PMC8219967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, especially liver metastasis, is still a challenge worldwide. Traditional treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been difficult to be further advanced. We need to develop new treatment methods to further improve the poor prognosis of these patients. The emergence of immunotherapy has brought light to mCRC patients, especially those with dMMR. Based on several large trials, some drugs (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration to treat the patients diagnosed with dMMR tumors. However, immunotherapy has reached a bottleneck for other MSS tumors, with low response rate and poor PFS and OS. Therefore, more clinical trials are underway toward mCRC patients, especially those with MSS. This review is intended to summarize the existing clinical trials to illustrate the development of immunotherapy in mCRC patients, and to provide a new thinking for the direction and experimental design of immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiu Dai
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhu Zhao
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinzheng Dai
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Long S, Gu Y, An Y, Lin X, Chen X, Wang X, Liao C, Ouyang W, Wang N, He Z, Zhao X. Reovirus enhances cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against colorectal cancer via TLR3 pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:185. [PMID: 33933132 PMCID: PMC8088708 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cetuximab has been approved for use for first-line treatment of patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, treatment with cetuximab has shown limited efficacy as a CRC monotherapy. In addition, natural killer (NK) cell function is known to be severely attenuated in cancer patients. The goal of this study was to develop a new strategy to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells, in combination with cetuximab against CRC cells. Methods Ex vivo expanded NK cells were stimulated with reovirus, and reovirus-activated NK cells mediated ADCC assay were performed on CRC cells in combination with cetuximab. The synergistic antitumor effects of reovirus-activated NK cells and cetuximab were tested on DLD-1 tumor-bearing mice. Finally, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) knockdown in NK cells, along with chemical blockade of TLR3/dsRNA complex, and inhibition of the TLR3 downstream signaling pathway, were performed to explore the mechanisms by which reovirus enhances NK cell cytotoxicity. Results We first confirmed that exposure of NK cells to reovirus enhanced their cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.We then investigated whether reovirus-activated NK cells exposed to cetuximab-bound CRC cells exhibited greater anti-tumor efficacy than either monotherapy. Co-culture of CRC cell lines with reovirus-activated NK cells indicated that NK cytotoxicity was significantly higher in combination with cetuximab, regardless of KRAS mutation status or EGFR expression level. We also found that reovirus activation of NK cells, in conjunction with cetuximab, resulted in significantly stronger anti-tumor efficacy.Finally, TLR3 knockdown, inhibition of TLR3/dsRNA complex or TBK1/IKKε demonstrated that activation of NK cells by reovirus was dependent on TLR3 and its downstream signaling pathway. Conclusions This study demonstrated that combination treatment of reovirus-activated NK cells with cetuximab synergistically enhances their anti-tumor cytotoxicity, suggesting a strong candidate strategy for clinical treatment of CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02853-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Long
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yangzhuo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xiaojin Lin
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xianyao Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Chunxiang Liao
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Nianxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Guiyang, 550004, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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26
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Manzanares-Martin B, Cebrián Aranda A, Del Puerto-Nevado L, González R, Solanes S, Gómez-España MA, García-Foncillas J, Aranda E. Improving selection of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to benefit from cetuximab based on KIR genotypes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001705. [PMID: 33833048 PMCID: PMC8039212 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but it may also be effective in a subgroup of KRAS mutant patients by its immunomodulatory activity. Here, we explore if KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) genotyping can provide a significant added value in the clinical outcome of patients with KRAS mutant mCRC based on cetuximab treatment. METHODS We included 69 patients with histologically confirmed mCRC and KRAS mutation, positive EGFR expression, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2. Based on KIR gene content, haplotype (A or B) was defined and genotypes (AA or Bx) were grouped for each patient. RESULTS We demonstrated with new evidence the immunomodulatory activity of cetuximab in patients with KRAS mutant mCRC. Patients with homozygous genotypes (AA or BB) showed shorter 12-month progression-free survival (PFS12) and poorer overall survival (OS) than those with heterozygotes (AB). Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed stratification of patients based on genotype was an independent marker of PFS12 (HR 2.16) and the centromeric and telomeric distribution of KIRs was an independent predictor of both PFS12 (HR 2.26) and OS (HR 1.93) in patients with mCRC with KRAS mutation treated with cetuximab. CONCLUSIONS Selection of patients with mCRC based on their KIR genotypes opens a therapeutic opportunity for patients with KRAS mutation, and it should be tested in clinical trials in comparison with other alternatives with scarce benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01450319, EudraCT 2010-023580-18.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arancha Cebrián Aranda
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael González
- Immunology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Sonia Solanes
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain
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27
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Bourhis J, Stein A, Paul de Boer J, Van Den Eynde M, Gold KA, Stintzing S, Becker JC, Moran M, Schroeder A, Pennock G, Salmio S, Esser R, Ciardiello F. Avelumab and cetuximab as a therapeutic combination: An overview of scientific rationale and current clinical trials in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 97:102172. [PMID: 33989949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment outcomes have improved with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and small molecule inhibitors. However, many patients do not respond with single agents. Consequently, ongoing research is focused on the use of combination therapies to increase clinical efficacy by potential synergistic effects. Here, we outline ongoing trials and review the rationale and evidence for the combination of avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb), with cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) IgG1 mAb. Avelumab is approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, and in combination with axitinib for renal cell carcinoma; cetuximab is approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, and in combination with radiation therapy for SCCHN. Avelumab binds to PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells and immune regulatory cells, thus blocking its interaction with programmed death 1 and reventing T-cell suppression; cetuximab inhibits the EGFR signaling pathway, inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Both therapies have complementary mechanisms of action and may also activate the immune system to induce innate effector function through the binding of their Fc regions to natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, cetuximab combined with chemotherapy has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death and leads to an increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK cells, which should synergize with the immunostimulatory effects of avelumab. Prospective studies will investigate this combination and inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bourhis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service de Radio-oncologie, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Stein
- Hematology-Oncology Practice Hamburg (HOPE), University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Paul de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Van Den Eynde
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institut Roi Albert II, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathryn A Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gregory Pennock
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA(2)
| | | | | | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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28
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Gauthier M, Laroye C, Bensoussan D, Boura C, Decot V. Natural Killer cells and monoclonal antibodies: Two partners for successful antibody dependent cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103261. [PMID: 33607229 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting tumors are one of the most important discoveries in the field of cancer. Although several effective antibodies have been developed, a relapse may occur. One of their mechanisms of action is Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC), by engaging the Fc γ receptor CD16 expressing Natural Killer cells, innate lymphoid cells involved in cancer immunosurveillance and able to kill tumor cells. A lack of NK cells observed in many cancers may therefore be a cause of the low efficacy of antibodies observed in some clinical situations. Here we review clear evidences of the essential partnership between NK cells and antibodies showed in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials in different indications, describe the hurdles and ways to enhance ADCC and the evolution of monoclonal antibody therapy. NK cell adoptive immunotherapy combined with monoclonal antibodies may overcome the resistance to the treatment and enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gauthier
- Lorraine University, CNRS UMR 7365, Team 6, Campus Santé, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Laroye
- Lorraine University, CNRS UMR 7365, Team 6, Campus Santé, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Danièle Bensoussan
- Lorraine University, CNRS UMR 7365, Team 6, Campus Santé, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Boura
- Lorraine University, CNRS UMR7039, Team BioSIS, Campus Santé, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Véronique Decot
- Lorraine University, CNRS UMR 7365, Team 6, Campus Santé, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France.
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Lucero L, Ferrero L, Fonouni-Farde C, Ariel F. Functional classification of plant long noncoding RNAs: a transcript is known by the company it keeps. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1251-1260. [PMID: 32880949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary maturation in high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed the existence of a complex network of transcripts in eukaryotic organisms, including thousands of long noncoding (lnc) RNAs with little or no protein-coding capacity. Subsequent discoveries have shown that lncRNAs participate in a wide range of molecular processes, controlling gene expression and protein activity though direct interactions with proteins, DNA or other RNA molecules. Although significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of lncRNA biology in the animal kingdom, the functional characterization of plant lncRNAs is still in its infancy and remains a major challenge. In this review, we report emerging functional and mechanistic paradigms of plant lncRNAs and partner molecules, and discuss how cutting-edge technologies may help to identify and classify yet uncharacterized transcripts into functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Lucía Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Camille Fonouni-Farde
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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30
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Janssen E, Subtil B, de la Jara Ortiz F, Verheul HMW, Tauriello DVF. Combinatorial Immunotherapies for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071875. [PMID: 32664619 PMCID: PMC7408881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and deadly forms of cancer. About half of patients are affected by metastasis, with the cancer spreading to e.g., liver, lungs or the peritoneum. The majority of these patients cannot be cured despite steady advances in treatment options. Immunotherapies are currently not widely applicable for this disease, yet show potential in preclinical models and clinical translation. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a key factor in CRC metastasis, including by means of immune evasion-forming a major barrier to effective immuno-oncology. Several approaches are in development that aim to overcome the immunosuppressive environment and boost anti-tumour immunity. Among them are vaccination strategies, cellular transplantation therapies, and targeted treatments. Given the complexity of the system, we argue for rational design of combinatorial therapies and consider the implications of precision medicine in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Janssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Beatriz Subtil
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Fàtima de la Jara Ortiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Henk M. W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HBNijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniele V. F. Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Hofmann L, Ludwig S, Schuler PJ, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C, Theodoraki MN. The Potential of CD16 on Plasma-Derived Exosomes as a Liquid Biomarker in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113739. [PMID: 32466374 PMCID: PMC7312379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are highly immune suppressive and aggressive malignancies. As part of the tumor microenvironment, exosomes contribute to this immune suppression. The Fc receptor CD16 is widely expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells and is involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, surface levels of CD16 on total exosomes and tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) from plasma of HNSCC patients were analyzed regarding their potential as liquid biomarkers for disease stage. Exosomes were isolated from plasma using mini size exclusion chromatography. TEX were enriched by immune affinity capture with CD44v3 antibodies. On-bead flow cytometry was used to measure CD16 levels on total exosomes and TEX. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Total exosomes from HNSCC patients had significantly higher CD16 levels compared to TEX. Further, CD16 surface levels of total exosomes, but not TEX, correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Patients with advanced tumor stages T3/4 and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stages III/IV had significantly higher CD16 levels on total exosomes compared to patients with early tumor stages T1/2 and UICC stages I/II, respectively. Overall, CD16 positive exosomes have the potential as liquid biomarkers for HNSCC tumor stage and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (L.H.); (P.J.S.); (T.K.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (L.H.); (P.J.S.); (T.K.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (L.H.); (P.J.S.); (T.K.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (L.H.); (P.J.S.); (T.K.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (L.H.); (P.J.S.); (T.K.H.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Arriga R, Caratelli S, Lanzilli G, Ottaviani A, Cenciarelli C, Sconocchia T, Spagnoli GC, Iezzi G, Roselli M, Lauro D, Coppola A, Dotti G, Ferrone S, Sconocchia G. CD16-158-valine chimeric receptor T cells overcome the resistance of KRAS-mutated colorectal carcinoma cells to cetuximab. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2531-2538. [PMID: 31396956 PMCID: PMC8711772 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutations hinder therapeutic efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab-based immunotherapy of EGFR+ cancers. Although cetuximab inhibits KRAS-mutated cancer cell growth in vitro by natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), KRAS-mutated colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells escape NK cell immunosurveillance in vivo. To overcome this limitation, we used cetuximab and panitumumab to redirect Fcγ chimeric receptor (CR) T cells against KRAS-mutated HCT116 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We compared four polymorphic Fcγ-CR constructs including CD16158F -CR, CD16158V -CR, CD32131H -CR, and CD32131R -CR transduced into T cells by retroviral vectors. Percentages of transduced T cells expressing CD32131H -CR (83.5 ± 9.5) and CD32131R -CR (77.7 ± 13.2) were significantly higher than those expressing with CD16158F -CR (30.3 ± 10.2) and CD16158V -CR (51.7 ± 13.7) (p < 0.003). CD32131R -CR T cells specifically bound soluble cetuximab and panitumumab. However, only CD16158V -CR T cells released high levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ = 1,145.5 pg/ml ±16.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα = 614 pg/ml ± 21 pg/ml, p < 0.001) upon incubation with cetuximab-opsonized HCT116 cells. Moreover, only CD16158V -CR T cells combined with cetuximab killed HCT116 cells and A549 KRAS-mutated cells in vitro. CD16158V -CR T cells also effectively controlled subcutaneous growth of HCT116 cells in CB17-SCID mice in vivo. Thus, CD16158V -CR T cells combined with cetuximab represent useful reagents to develop innovative EGFR+KRAS-mutated CRC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Caratelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mario Roselli
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppola
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kreidieh M, Mukherji D, Temraz S, Shamseddine A. Expanding the Scope of Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Current Clinical Approaches and Future Directions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9037217. [PMID: 32090113 PMCID: PMC7008242 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9037217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in an increasing range of heavily mutated tumor types such as melanoma has culminated in their exploration in different subsets of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). As a result of their dramatic and durable response rates in patients with chemorefractory, mismatch repair-deficient-microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) mCRC, ICIs have become potential alternatives to classical systemic therapies. The anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) agents, Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, have been granted FDA approval for this subset of patients. Unfortunately, however, not all CRC cases with the dMMR-MSI-H phenotype respond well to ICIs, and ongoing studies are currently exploring biomarkers that can predict good response to them. Another challenge lies in developing novel treatment strategies for the subset of patients with the mismatch repair-proficient-microsatellite instability-low (pMMR-MSI-L) phenotype that comprises 95% of all mCRC cases in whom treatment with currently approved ICIs has been largely unsuccessful. Approaches aiming at overcoming the resistance of tumors in this subset of patients are being developed including combining different checkpoint inhibitors with either chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), or bispecific T-cell (BTC) antibodies. This review describes the rationale behind using immunotherapeutics in CRC. It sheds light on the progress made in the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with dMMR-MSI-H CRC. It also discusses emerging approaches and proposes potential strategies for targeting the immune microenvironment in patients with pMMR-MSI-L CRC tumors in an attempt to complement immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Kreidieh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Temraz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Saba NF, Chen ZG, Haigentz M, Bossi P, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Mäkitie AA, Takes RP, Strojan P, Vermorken JB, Ferlito A. Targeting the EGFR and Immune Pathways in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN): Forging a New Alliance. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1909-1915. [PMID: 31676542 PMCID: PMC6830522 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent approval of immune-modulatory agents, EGFR inhibition continues to be a cornerstone in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) namely in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced disease as well as in platinum-sensitive recurrent or metastatic disease in the first-line setting. Importantly, recent evidence has emerged supporting also an immune-modulatory effect of EGFR inhibition, and interest has now focused on utilizing these effects in the current treatment approaches for SCCHN. In this report, we review the rationale and evidence supporting the forging of this new alliance in optimizing the treatment of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Zhuo Gerogia Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology Department, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert P Takes
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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35
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Caratelli S, Arriga R, Sconocchia T, Ottaviani A, Lanzilli G, Pastore D, Cenciarelli C, Venditti A, Del Principe MI, Lauro D, Landoni E, Du H, Savoldo B, Ferrone S, Dotti G, Sconocchia G. In vitro
elimination of epidermal growth factor receptor‐overexpressing cancer cells by CD32A‐chimeric receptor T cells in combination with cetuximab or panitumumab. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:236-247. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caratelli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and PathophysiologyMedical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Alessio Ottaviani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR Rome Italy
| | - Giulia Lanzilli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR Rome Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR Rome Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | | | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Elisa Landoni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC
| | - Hongwei Du
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR Rome Italy
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Vitamin D Deficiency has a Negative Impact on Cetuximab-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Target Oncol 2019; 13:657-665. [PMID: 30090970 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is associated with an adverse prognosis in colon cancer patients, possibly due to the effects of the vitamin on the immune system. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) significantly contributes to the anti-tumor effects of monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibody that is frequently added to chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the association between vitamin D serum levels and the ability of ex vivo NK cells to support cetuximab-mediated ADCC in colon cancer cell lines. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 124 healthy volunteers and serum vitamin D was determined by RIA. NK cells were isolated from each sample and added to human colorectal carcinoma cells with or without cetuximab, and ADCC was assessed using a colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase assay. RESULTS Correlation analysis indicates a significant, gender- and age-independent association between vitamin D levels and cetuximab-induced ADCC on HT29 cells, where NK cells from samples with vitamin D < 20 ng/mL are significantly less efficient in inducing ADCC. A confirmatory study on two additional colon cancer cell lines yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that vitamin D supplementation in vitamin-deficient/insufficient colorectal cancer patients could improve cetuximab-induced ADCC.
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In Vitro Killing of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells by Autologous Activated NK Cells is Boosted by Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-induced ADCC Regardless of RAS Mutation Status. J Immunother 2019; 41:190-200. [PMID: 29293164 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients is associated with a poor prognosis and significant morbidity. Moreover, targeted therapies such as anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have no effect in metastatic patients with tumors harboring a mutation in the RAS gene. The failure of conventional treatment to improve outcomes in mCRC patients has prompted the development of adoptive immunotherapy approaches including natural killer (NK)-based therapies. In this study, after confirmation that patients' NK cells were not impaired in their cytotoxic activity, evaluated against long-term tumor cell lines, we evaluated their interactions with autologous mCRC cells. Molecular and phenotypical evaluation of mCRC cells, expanded in vitro from liver metastasis, showed that they expressed high levels of polio virus receptor and Nectin-2, whereas UL16-binding proteins were less expressed in all tumor samples evaluated. Two different patterns of MICA/B and HLA class I expression on the membrane of mCRC were documented; approximately half of mCRC patients expressed high levels of these molecules on the membrane surface, whereas, in the remaining, very low levels were documented. Resting NK cells were unable to display sizeable levels of cytotoxic activity against mCRC cells, whereas their cytotoxic activity was enhanced after overnight or 5-day incubation with IL-2 or IL-15. The susceptibility of NK-mediated mCRC lysis was further significantly enhanced after coating with cetuximab, irrespective of their RAS mutation and HLA class I expression. These data open perspectives for combined NK-based immunotherapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies in a cohort of mCRC patients with a poor prognosis refractory to conventional therapies.
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Ottaiano A, Scala S, Normanno N, Napolitano M, Capozzi M, Rachiglio AM, Roma C, Trotta AM, D’Alterio C, Portella L, Romano C, Cassata A, Casaretti R, Silvestro L, Nappi A, Tafuto S, Avallone A, De Stefano A, Tamburini M, Picone C, Petrillo A, Izzo F, Palaia R, Albino V, Amore A, Belli A, Pace U, Di Marzo M, Chiodini P, Botti G, De Feo G, Delrio P, Nasti G. Cetuximab, irinotecan and fluorouracile in fiRst-line treatment of immunologically-selected advanced colorectal cancer patients: the CIFRA study protocol. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:899. [PMID: 31500586 PMCID: PMC6734266 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination of chemotherapies (fluoropirimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) with biologic drugs (bevacizumab, panitumumab, cetuximab) have improved clinical responses and survival of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, patients' selection thorough the identification of predictive factors still represent a challange. Cetuximab (Erbitux®), a chimeric monoclonal antibody binding to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), belongs to the Immunoglobulins (Ig) grade 1 subclass able to elicite both in vitro and in vivo the Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC is the cytotoxic killing of antibody-coated target cells by immunologic effectors. The effector cells express a receptor for the Fc portion of these antibodies (FcγR); genetic polymorphisms of FcγR modify the binding affinity with the Fc of IgG1. Interestingly, the high-affinity FcγRIIIa V/V is associated with increased ADCC in vitro and in vivo. Thus, ADCC could partially account for cetuximab activity. METHODS/DESIGN CIFRA is a single arm, open-label, phase II study assessing the activity of cetuximab in combination with irinotecan and fluorouracile in FcγRIIIa V/V patients with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF wild type mCRC. The study is designed with a two-stage Simon model based on a hypothetical higher response rate (+ 10%) of FcγRIIIa V/V patients as compared to previous trials (about 60%) assuming ADCC as one of the possible mechanisms of cetuximab action. The test power is 95%, the alpha value of the I-type error is 5%. With these assumptions the sample for passing the first stage is 14 patients with > 6 responses and the final sample is 34 patients with > 18 responses to draw positive conclusions. Secondary objectives include toxicity, responses' duration, progression-free and overall survival. Furthermore, an associated translational study will assess the patients' cetuximab-mediated ADCC and characterize the tumor microenvironment. DISCUSSION The CIFRA study will determine whether ADCC contributes to cetuximab activity in mCRC patients selected on an innovative immunological screening. Data from the translational study will support results' interpretation as well as provide new insights in host-tumor interactions and cetuximab activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The CIFRA trial (version 0.0, June 21, 2018) has been registered into the NIH-US National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov database with the identifier number ( NCT03874062 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Molecular Immunology and Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Molecular Immunology and Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Capozzi
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Rachiglio
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristin Roma
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Molecular Immunology and Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D’Alterio
- Molecular Immunology and Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Molecular Immunology and Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassata
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Casaretti
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Nappi
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Tamburini
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Picone
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palaia
- Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Albino
- Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Amore
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Belli
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pace
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Marzo
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco De Feo
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Choucair K, Duff JR, Cassidy CS, Albrethsen MT, Kelso JD, Lenhard A, Staats H, Patel R, Brunicardi FC, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis J. Natural killer cells: a review of biology, therapeutic potential and challenges in treatment of solid tumors. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3053-3069. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells lead immune surveillance against cancer and early elimination of small tumors. Owing to their ability to engage tumor targets without the need of specific antigen, the therapeutic potential of NK cells has been extensively explored in hematological malignancies. In solid tumors, however, their role in the clinical arena remains poorly exploited despite a broad accumulation of preclinical data. In this article, we review our current knowledge of NK cells’ biology, and highlight the challenges facing NK cell antitumor strategies in solid tumors. We further summarize the abundant preclinical attempts at overcoming these challenges, present past and ongoing clinical trial data and finally discuss the potential impact of novel insights on the development of NK cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Choucair
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joseph R Duff
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Christine S Cassidy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mary T Albrethsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jesse D Kelso
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Amanda Lenhard
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hannah Staats
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rayna Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- ProMedica Health System, Toledo, OH 43604, USA
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Giordano G, Remo A, Porras A, Pancione M. Immune Resistance and EGFR Antagonists in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1089. [PMID: 31370270 PMCID: PMC6721348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
: Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) either alone or in combination with chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has revolutionized the treatment of CRC, but with less results than initially envisaged. In recent years, the discovery of multiple pathways leading to the escape from anti-EGFR therapy has revealed an enormous complexity and heterogeneity of human CRC due to the intrinsic genomic instability and immune/cancer cell interaction. Therefore, understanding the mechanistic basis of acquired resistance to targeted therapies represents a major challenge to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC. The latest findings strongly suggest that complex molecular alterations coupled with changes of the immune tumor microenvironment may substantially contribute to the clinical efficacy of EGFR antagonist. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings that contribute to both primary and acquired anti-EGFR therapy resistance. In addition, we analyze how strategies aiming to enhance the favorable effects in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to overcome resistance to EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Giordano
- U.O.C. Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 251 Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital AULSS9, "Scaligera", 37122 Verona, Italy
| | - Almudena Porras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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41
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Graziani V, Esposito A, Scognamiglio M, Chambery A, Russo R, Ciardiello F, Troiani T, Potenza N, Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B. Spectroscopic Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment towards Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines of Acylated Cycloartane Glycosides from Astragalus boeticus L. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091725. [PMID: 31058835 PMCID: PMC6539726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In several European countries, especially in Sweden, the seeds of the species Astragalus boeticus L. were widely used as coffee substitutes during the 19th century. Nonetheless, data regarding the phytochemistry and the pharmacological properties of this species are currently extremely limited. Conversely, other species belonging to the Astragalus genus have already been extensively investigated, as they were used for millennia for treating various diseases, including cancer. The current work was addressed to characterize cycloartane glycosides from A. boeticus, and to evaluate their cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. The isolation of the metabolites was performed by using different chromatographic techniques, while their chemical structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1D and 2D techniques) and electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF) mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic assessment was performed in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays in Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT-116 CRC cells. As a result, the targeted phytochemical study of A. boeticus enabled the isolation of three new cycloartane glycosides, 6-O-acetyl-3-O-(4-O-malonyl)-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (1), 3-O-(4-O-malonyl)-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (2), 6-O-acetyl-25-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (3) along with two known compounds, 6-O-acetyl-3-O-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (4) and 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (5). Importantly, this work demonstrated that the acetylated cycloartane glycosides 1 and 4 might preferentially inhibit cell growth in the CRC cell model resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Graziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology-Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße, 8 D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Rosita Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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42
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Faden DL, Concha-Benavente F, Chakka AB, McMichael EL, Chandran U, Ferris RL. Immunogenomic correlates of response to cetuximab monotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2019; 41:2591-2601. [PMID: 30828910 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms of resistance to immune-modulating cancer treatments are poorly understood. Using a novel cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we investigated mechanisms of immune escape from epidermal growth factor receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy. METHODS HNSCC tumors (n = 20) from a prospective trial of neoadjuvant cetuximab monotherapy underwent whole-exome sequencing. Expression of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) and the effect of KIR blockade were assessed in HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Nonresponders to cetuximab had an increased rate of mutations in HLA-C compared to responders and HNSCC tumors (n = 528) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (P < 0.00001). In vitro, cetuximab-activated natural killer (NK) cells induced upregulation of HLA-C on HNSCC cells (P < 0.01) via interferon gamma. Treatment of NK cells with the anti-KIR mAb lirilumab increased killing of HNSCC cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in HLA-C may provide a mechanism of immune evasion through disruption of NK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Faden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando Concha-Benavente
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anish B Chakka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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43
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Tintelnot J, Baum N, Schultheiß C, Braig F, Trentmann M, Finter J, Fumey W, Bannas P, Fehse B, Riecken K, Schuetze K, Bokemeyer C, Rösner T, Valerius T, Peipp M, Koch-Nolte F, Binder M. Nanobody Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Ectodomain Variants Overcomes Resistance to Therapeutic EGFR Antibodies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:823-833. [PMID: 30824613 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ectodomain variants mediating primary resistance or secondary treatment failure in cancer patients treated with cetuximab or panitumumab support the need for more resistance-preventive or personalized ways of targeting this essential pathway. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the EGFR nanobody 7D12 fused to an IgG1 Fc portion (7D12-hcAb) would overcome EGFR ectodomain-mediated resistance because it targets a very small binding epitope within domain III of EGFR. Indeed, we found that 7D12-hcAb bound and inhibited all tested cell lines expressing common resistance-mediating EGFR ectodomain variants. Moreover, we assessed receptor functionality and binding properties in synthetic mutants of the 7D12-hcAb epitope to model resistance to 7D12-hcAb. Because the 7D12-hcAb epitope almost completely overlaps with the EGF-binding site, only position R377 could be mutated without simultaneous loss of receptor functionality, suggesting a low risk of developing secondary resistance toward 7D12-hcAb. Our binding data indicated that if 7D12-hcAb resistance mutations occurred in position R377, which is located within the cetuximab and panitumumab epitope, cells expressing these receptor variants would retain sensitivity to these antibodies. However, 7D12-hcAb was equally ineffective as cetuximab in killing cells expressing the cetuximab/panitumumab-resistant aberrantly N-glycosylated EGFR R521K variant. Yet, this resistance could be overcome by introducing mutations into the Fc portion of 7D12-hcAb, which enhanced immune effector functions and thereby allowed killing of cells expressing this variant. Taken together, our data demonstrate a broad range of activity of 7D12-hcAb across cells expressing different EGFR variants involved in primary and secondary EGFR antibody resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tintelnot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Baum
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Trentmann
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Finter
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Obstetrics and Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Fumey
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schuetze
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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44
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Atreya I, Kindermann M, Wirtz S. Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal cancer development. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101267. [PMID: 30772139 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prominent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although the functions of immune cells in the colorectal tumor microenvironment are complex and heterogeneous, dysregulated changes in the composition and activation state of immune cells are believed to represent key events supporting the establishment of pro- or anti-tumorigenic immune states. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) emerged as central innate immune mediators during both gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammatory pathologies. Hence, ILCs might also represent promising targets in the context of cancer therapy and are increasingly recognized as innate immune cells with potent immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic roles of the different ILC subsets for intestinal homeostasis and discuss the recent evidence on their potential involvement in the development and growth of intestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Kindermann
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany.
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy focuses on selectively enhancing the host's immune response against malignant disease. It has been investigated as an important treatment modality against malignant disease for many years, but until recently its use was mostly limited to a few cancers. The advent of new immunemodulating agents in the recent past has changed the landscape for management of many solid tumors. Currently, immunotherapy offers a valuable, and in many cases, a more effective alternate to the conventional cytotoxic therapy. Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite progress in systemic therapy, most patients with metastatic colorectal cancer die of their disease. There is an unmet need for more effective treatments for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The current data support that colorectal tumors are immunoresponsive and a subset of patients with advanced disease achieve long term benefit with immunotherapy. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide the current status of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS We researched sources published in the English language between January 2000 and August 2018 and listed within the PubMed database using combinations of the key words and reviewed the proceedings of international cancer conferences and current guidelines made by major cancer societies. RESULTS In this review, we summarize the current status of research on immunotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer and discuss various treatment modalities including checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, oncolytic virus therapy, and various other agents that are under investigation with a special emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors. Since the toxicity profile of immunotherapy is very different from conventional cytotoxic agents and could involve any organ system, we briefly review common adverse effects and their management.
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46
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Golán I, Rodríguez de la Fuente L, Costoya JA. NK Cell-Based Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E522. [PMID: 30567306 PMCID: PMC6315402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and most common malignant primary brain tumor diagnosed in adults. GB shows a poor prognosis and, unfortunately, current therapies are unable to improve its clinical outcome, imposing the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. The main reason for the poor prognosis is the great cell heterogeneity of the tumor mass and its high capacity for invading healthy tissues. Moreover, the glioblastoma microenvironment is capable of suppressing the action of the immune system through several mechanisms such as recruitment of cell modulators. Development of new therapies that avoid this immune evasion could improve the response to the current treatments for this pathology. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cellular components of the immune system more difficult to deceive by tumor cells and with greater cytotoxic activity. Their use in immunotherapy gains strength because they are a less toxic alternative to existing therapy, but the current research focuses on mimicking the NK attack strategy. Here, we summarize the most recent studies regarding molecular mechanisms involved in the GB and immune cells interaction and highlight the relevance of NK cells in the new therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Golán
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxia, CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Rodríguez de la Fuente
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxia, CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Jose A Costoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxia, CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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47
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Bobkov V, Zarca AM, Van Hout A, Arimont M, Doijen J, Bialkowska M, Toffoli E, Klarenbeek A, van der Woning B, van der Vliet HJ, Van Loy T, de Haard H, Schols D, Heukers R, Smit MJ. Nanobody-Fc constructs targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4 potently inhibit signaling and CXCR4-mediated HIV-entry and induce antibody effector functions. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:413-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Fan J, Shang D, Han B, Song J, Chen H, Yang JM. Adoptive Cell Transfer: Is it a Promising Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer? Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5784-5800. [PMID: 30555581 PMCID: PMC6276301 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed significant advances in the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) technique, which has been appreciated as one of the most promising treatments for patients with cancer. Utilization of ACT can enhance the function of the immune system or improve the specificity and persistence of transferred cells. Various immune cells including T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and even stem cells can be used in the ACT despite their different functional mechanisms. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignancies and causes millions of deaths worldwide every year. In this review, we discuss the status and perspective of the ACT in the treatment of CRC.
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49
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Liu DH, An M, Bao BL, Ren F, Xia P. Nicotine inhibits CD24 expression in Lewis lung carcinoma cells by upregulation of RAS expression. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:815-822. [PMID: 29845249 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of ddifferentiation 24 (CD24) is a widely used cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in numerous cancer types. However, a number of studies have shown that CD24 is a prognostic marker, but not a CSC marker for lung adenocarcinoma. In the present study, firstly, bioinformatic analyses were used to identify the CD24 mRNA levels in the subtypes of lung cancer. Secondly, CD24high and CD24low cells were isolated from the side population of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells using flow cytometry. Furthermore, the stemness of CD24high and CD24low cells were determined in vivo and in vitro. Lastly, the mechanism(s) of nicotine-inhibited CD24 expression in LLC cells were assessed. The main findings of this study are that: i) CD24 could be used as a prognostic marker for human lung adenocarcinoma; ii) the in vitro and in vivo experiments did not determine a significant influence of CD24 on the tumorgenicity of LLC cells; and iii) nicotine inhibited CD24 expression in LLC cells by upregulation of RAS. However, the detailed mechanism(s) of these results require further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hua Liu
- Biological Anthropology Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Min An
- Department of Cardiology, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Li Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Fu Ren
- Biological Anthropology Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Pu Xia
- Biological Anthropology Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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50
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Costa D, Venè R, Benelli R, Romairone E, Scabini S, Catellani S, Rebesco B, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Minghelli S, Loiacono F, Zocchi MR, Poggi A. Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Can Counteract the Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Function Exerted by Colorectal Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1150. [PMID: 29910806 PMCID: PMC5992415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) present in the tumor microenvironment [usually named tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF)] can exert immunosuppressive effects on T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, favoring tumor immune escape. We have analyzed this mechanism in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and found that co-culture of NK cells with TAF can prevent the IL-2-mediated NKG2D upregulation. This leads to the impairment of NKG2D-mediated recognition of CRC cells, sparing the NK cell activation through DNAM1 or FcγRIIIA (CD16). In situ, TAF express detectable levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); thus, the therapeutic anti-EGFR humanized antibody cetuximab can trigger the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of TAF, through the engagement of FcγRIIIA on NK cells. Importantly, in the tumor, we found a lymphoid infiltrate containing NKp46+CD3- NK cells, enriched in CD16+ cells. This population, sorted and cultured with IL-2, could be triggered via CD16 and via NKG2D. Of note, ex vivo NKp46+CD3- cells were able to kill autologous TAF; in vivo, this might represent a control mechanism to reduce TAF-mediated regulatory effect on NK cell function. Altogether, these findings suggest that MSC from the neoplastic mucosa (TAF) of CRC patients can downregulate the immune cell recognition of CRC tumor cells. This immunosuppression can be relieved by the anti-EGFR antibody used in CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Venè
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Immunology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Scabini
- Oncological Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Catellani
- Clinical Hematology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Rebesco
- Antiblastic Drug Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Minghelli
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Ospedale G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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