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Du L, Yue H, Rorabaugh BR, Li OQY, DeHart AR, Toloza‐Alvarez G, Hong L, Denvir J, Thompson E, Li W. Thymidine Phosphorylase Deficiency or Inhibition Preserves Cardiac Function in Mice With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028023. [PMID: 36974758 PMCID: PMC10122909 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Current pharmacologic therapy has multiple limitations, and patients remain symptomatic despite maximal medical therapies. Deficiency or inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) in mice reduces thrombosis, suggesting that TYMP could be a novel therapeutic target for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results A mouse AMI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in C57BL/6J wild-type and TYMP-deficient (Tymp-/-) mice. Cardiac function was monitored by echocardiography or Langendorff assay. TYMP-deficient hearts had lower baseline contractility. However, cardiac function, systolic left ventricle anterior wall thickness, and diastolic wall strain were significantly greater 4 weeks after AMI compared with wild-type hearts. TYMP deficiency reduced microthrombus formation after AMI. TYMP deficiency did not affect angiogenesis in either normal or infarcted myocardium but increased arteriogenesis post-AMI. TYMP deficiency enhanced the mobilization of bone marrow stem cells and promoted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation, migration, and resistance to inflammation and hypoxia. TYMP deficiency increased the number of larger MSCs and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression, resulting in a high homing capability. TYMP deficiency induced constitutive AKT phosphorylation in MSCs but reduced expression of genes associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19, a molecule that enhances cell death. Inhibition of TYMP with its selective inhibitor, tipiracil, phenocopied TYMP deficiency, improved post-AMI cardiac function and systolic left ventricle anterior wall thickness, attenuated diastolic stiffness, and reduced infarct size. Conclusions This study demonstrated that TYMP plays an adverse role after AMI. Targeting TYMP may be a novel therapy for patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
- Department of PathophysiologyCollege of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Boyd R. Rorabaugh
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmacy at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Oliver Q. Y. Li
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Autumn R. DeHart
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Gretel Toloza‐Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Ellen Thompson
- Department of MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWVUSA
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Sharma V, Manhas A, Gupta S, Dikshit M, Jagavelu K, Verma RS. Fabrication, characterization and in vivo assessment of cardiogel loaded chitosan patch for myocardial regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:3045-3056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Reinhardt JW, Breuer CK. Fibrocytes: A Critical Review and Practical Guide. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784401. [PMID: 34975874 PMCID: PMC8718395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes are hematopoietic-derived cells that directly contribute to tissue fibrosis by producing collagen following injury, during disease, and with aging. The lack of a fibrocyte-specific marker has led to the use of multiple strategies for identifying these cells in vivo. This review will detail how past studies were performed, report their findings, and discuss their strengths and limitations. The motivation is to identify opportunities for further investigation and promote the adoption of best practices during future study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
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Fields L, Ito T, Kobayashi K, Ichihara Y, Podaru MN, Hussain M, Yamashita K, Machado V, Lewis-McDougall F, Suzuki K. Epicardial placement of human MSC-loaded fibrin sealant films for heart failure: Preclinical efficacy and mechanistic data. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2554-2570. [PMID: 33887461 PMCID: PMC8353205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation has been investigated as an advanced treatment of heart failure; however, further improvement of the therapeutic efficacy and mechanistic understanding are needed. Our previous study has reported that epicardial placement of fibrin sealant films incorporating rat amniotic membrane-derived (AM)-MSCs (MSC-dressings) could address limitations of traditional transplantation methods. To progress this finding toward clinical translation, this current study aimed to examine the efficacy of MSC-dressings using human AM-MSCs (hAM-MSCs) and the underpinning mechanism for myocardial repair. Echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac function and structure were improved in a rat ischemic cardiomyopathy model after hAM-MSC-dressing therapy. hAM-MSCs survived well in the rat heart, enhanced myocardial expression of reparative genes, and attenuated adverse remodeling. Copy number analysis by qPCR revealed that upregulated reparative genes originated from endogenous rat cells rather than hAM-MSCs. These results suggest hAM-MSC-dressing therapy stimulates a secondary release of paracrine factors from endogenous cells improving myocardial repair ("secondary paracrine effect"), and cardiac M2-like macrophages were identified as a potential cell source of repair. We demonstrated hAM-MSCs increased M2-like macrophages through not only enhancing M2 polarization but also augmenting their proliferation and migration capabilities via PGE2, CCL2, and TGF-β1, resulting in enhanced cardiac function after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fields
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tomoya Ito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yuki Ichihara
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mihai-Nicolae Podaru
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mohsin Hussain
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kizuku Yamashita
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Machado
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fiona Lewis-McDougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Li J, Hu S, Zhu D, Huang K, Mei X, López de Juan Abad B, Cheng K. All Roads Lead to Rome (the Heart): Cell Retention and Outcomes From Various Delivery Routes of Cell Therapy Products to the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020402. [PMID: 33821664 PMCID: PMC8174178 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, numerous preclinical studies and several clinical trials have evidenced the feasibility of cell transplantation in treating heart diseases. Over the years, different delivery routes of cell therapy have emerged and broadened the width of the field. However, a common hurdle is shared by all current delivery routes: low cell retention. A myriad of studies confirm that cell retention plays a crucial role in the success of cell-mediated cardiac repair. It is important for any delivery route to maintain donor cells in the recipient heart for enough time to not only proliferate by themselves, but also to send paracrine signals to surrounding damaged heart cells and repair them. In this review, we first undertake an in-depth study of primary theories of cell loss, including low efficiency in cell injection, "washout" effects, and cell death, and then organize the literature from the past decade that focuses on cell transplantation to the heart using various cell delivery routes, including intracoronary injection, systemic intravenous injection, retrograde coronary venous injection, and intramyocardial injection. In addition to a recapitulation of these approaches, we also clearly evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we conduct comparative research on the cell retention rate and functional outcomes of these delivery routes. Finally, we extend our discussion to state-of-the-art bioengineering techniques that enhance cell retention, as well as alternative delivery routes, such as intrapericardial delivery. A combination of these novel strategies and more accurate assessment methods will help to address the hurdle of low cell retention and boost the efficacy of cell transplantation to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Xuan Mei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Blanca López de Juan Abad
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
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Kobayashi K, Ichihara Y, Sato N, Umeda N, Fields L, Fukumitsu M, Tago Y, Ito T, Kainuma S, Podaru M, Lewis-McDougall F, Yamahara K, Uppal R, Suzuki K. On-site fabrication of Bi-layered adhesive mesenchymal stromal cell-dressings for the treatment of heart failure. Biomaterials 2019; 209:41-53. [PMID: 31026610 PMCID: PMC6527869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of heart failure. However, current MSC-delivery methods result in poor donor cell engraftment, limiting the therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, we introduce here a novel technique, epicardial placement of bi-layered, adhesive dressings incorporating MSCs (MSC-dressing), which can be easily fabricated from a fibrin sealant film and MSC suspension at the site of treatment. The inner layer of the MSC dressing, an MSC-fibrin complex, promptly and firmly adheres to the heart surface without sutures or extra glues. We revealed that fibrin improves the potential of integrated MSCs through amplifying their tissue-repair abilities and activating the Akt/PI3K self-protection pathway. Outer collagen-sheets protect the MSC-fibrin complex from abrasion by surrounding tissues and also facilitates easy handling. As such, the MSC-dressing technique not only improves initial retention and subsequent maintenance of donor MSCs but also augment MSC's reparative functions. As a result, this technique results in enhanced cardiac function recovery with improved myocardial tissue repair in a rat ischemic cardiomyopathy model, compared to the current method. Dose-dependent therapeutic effects by this therapy is also exhibited. This user-friendly, highly-effective bioengineering technique will contribute to future success of MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuki Ichihara
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuhiko Sato
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Laura Fields
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Masafumi Fukumitsu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tomoya Ito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Kainuma
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihai Podaru
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lewis-McDougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenichi Yamahara
- Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rakesh Uppal
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki K. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Heart Failure ― What Is the Best Source? ―. Circ J 2018; 82:2222-2232. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London
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Kobayashi K, Ichihara Y, Tano N, Fields L, Murugesu N, Ito T, Ikebe C, Lewis F, Yashiro K, Shintani Y, Uppal R, Suzuki K. Fibrin Glue-aided, Instant Epicardial Placement Enhances the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Heart Failure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9448. [PMID: 29930312 PMCID: PMC6013428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising new therapy for heart failure. However, the current cell delivery routes result in poor donor cell engraftment. We therefore explored the role of fibrin glue (FG)-aided, instant epicardial placement to enhance the efficacy of MSC-based therapy in a rat ischemic cardiomyopathy model. We identified a feasible and reproducible method to instantly produce a FG-MSC complex directly on the heart surface. This complex exhibited prompt, firm adhesion to the heart, markedly improving initial retention of donor MSCs compared to intramyocardial injection. In addition, maintenance of retained MSCs was enhanced using this method, together contributing the increased donor cell presence. Such increased donor cell quantity using the FG-aided technique led to further improved cardiac function in association with augmented histological myocardial repair, which correlated with upregulation of tissue repair-related genes. We identified that the epicardial layer was eliminated shortly after FG-aided epicardial placement of MSCs, facilitating permeation of the donor MSC's secretome into the myocardium enabling myocardial repair. These data indicate that FG-aided, on-site, instant epicardial placement enhances MSC engraftment, promoting the efficacy of MSC-based therapy for heart failure. Further development of this accessible, advanced MSC-therapy is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuki Ichihara
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuko Tano
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Fields
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nilaani Murugesu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoya Ito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiho Ikebe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lewis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasunori Shintani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Uppal
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, it has become clear that long-term engraftment of any ex vivo expanded cell product transplanted into injured myocardium is modest and all therapeutic regeneration is mediated by stimulation of endogenous repair rather than differentiation of transplanted cells into working myocardium. Given that increasing the retention of transplanted cells boosts myocardial function, focus on the fundamental mechanisms limiting retention and survival of transplanted cells may enable strategies to help to restore normal cardiac function. Areas covered: This review outlines the challenges confronting cardiac engraftment of ex vivo expanded cells and explores means of enhancing cell-mediated repair of injured myocardium. Expert opinion: Stem cell therapy has already come a long way in terms of regenerating damaged hearts though the poor retention of transplanted cells limits the full potential of truly cardiotrophic cell products. Multifaceted strategies directed towards fundamental mechanisms limiting the long-term survival of transplanted cells will be needed to enhance transplanted cell retention and cell-mediated repair of damaged myocardium for cardiac cell therapy to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darryl R Davis
- a University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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Clark KC, Fierro FA, Ko EM, Walker NJ, Arzi B, Tepper CG, Dahlenburg H, Cicchetto A, Kol A, Marsh L, Murphy WJ, Fazel N, Borjesson DL. Human and feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have comparable phenotype, immunomodulatory functions, and transcriptome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:69. [PMID: 28320483 PMCID: PMC5360077 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are a promising cell therapy to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Development of appropriate pre-clinical animal models is critical to determine safety and attain early efficacy data for the most promising therapeutic candidates. Naturally occurring diseases in cats already serve as valuable models to inform human clinical trials in oncologic, cardiovascular, and genetic diseases. The objective of this study was to complete a comprehensive side-by-side comparison of human and feline ASCs, with an emphasis on their immunomodulatory capacity and transcriptome. Methods Human and feline ASCs were evaluated for phenotype, immunomodulatory profile, and transcriptome. Additionally, transwells were used to determine the role of cell-cell contact in ASC-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in both humans and cats. Results Similar to human ASCs, feline ASCs were highly proliferative at low passages and fit the minimal criteria of multipotent stem cells including a compatible surface protein phenotype, osteogenic capacity, and normal karyotype. Like ASCs from all species, feline ASCs inhibited mitogen-activated lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, with or without direct ASC-lymphocyte contact. Feline ASCs mimic human ASCs in their mediator secretion pattern, including prostaglandin E2, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, transforming growth factor beta, and interleukin-6, all augmented by interferon gamma secretion by lymphocytes. The transcriptome of three unactivated feline ASC lines were highly similar. Functional analysis of the most highly expressed genes highlighted processes including: 1) the regulation of apoptosis; 2) cell adhesion; 3) response to oxidative stress; and 4) regulation of cell differentiation. Finally, feline ASCs had a similar gene expression profile to noninduced human ASCs. Conclusions Findings suggest that feline ASCs modulate lymphocyte proliferation using soluble mediators that mirror the human ASC secretion pattern. Uninduced feline ASCs have similar gene expression profiles to uninduced human ASCs, as revealed by transcriptome analysis. These data will help inform clinical trials using cats with naturally occurring diseases as surrogate models for human clinical trials in the regenerative medicine arena. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0528-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Clark
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Fernando A Fierro
- Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Emily Mills Ko
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Naomi J Walker
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Andrew Cicchetto
- Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Amir Kol
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Lyndsey Marsh
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Nasim Fazel
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95816, USA.
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