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Effect of acute isooxic hypercapnia on oxidative activity of systemic neutrophils in endotoxemic rabbits. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:47-53. [PMID: 33897283 PMCID: PMC8056343 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Whether carbon dioxide (CO2) affects systemic oxidative phenomena under conditions of endotoxemia is not sufficiently clarified. The study aimed to assess the impact of moderate acute hypercapnia on the respiratory burst of circulating neutrophils in mechanically ventilated endotoxemic rabbits. Material and methods Twenty-four endotoxemic rabbits were mechanically ventilated with standard or CO2-enriched gas mixture in order to obtain isooxic hypercapnia. At a baseline point and following 180 min of hypercapnic ventilation, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of circulating neutrophils and serum 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured. Throughout the study, leukocyte and neutrophil counts, pH status, circulatory parameters and body temperature were also assessed. Results Following 180 min of hypercapnic ventilation, opsonized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated neutrophils showed lower CL vs. the control group (p = 0.004). Other parameters studied were not affected. Conclusions Short-term isooxic hypercapnia in endotoxemic rabbits preserves circulating neutrophil count pattern and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, but it may reduce phagocytosis.
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Effect of ephedrine hydrochloride on regulation of body fluid metabolism and AQP1 and AQP2 in a rabbit model of mechanical ventilation. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Ji Y, Cheng M, Zhai S, Xi H, Cai R, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang X, Xue Y, Li X, Sun C, Feng X, Lei L, Ur Rahman S, Han W, Gu J. Preventive effect of the phage VB-SavM-JYL01 on rabbit necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Microbiol 2018; 229:72-80. [PMID: 30642601 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens causing rabbit necrotizing pneumonia and brings huge economic losses to rabbit production. This study investigated the preventive effect of a phage on rabbit necrotizing pneumonia caused by S. aureus. S. aureus S6 was isolated from the lungs of rabbits suffering necrotizing pneumonia and identified. A novel phage named VB-SavM-JYL01 was isolated by using S. aureus S6 as a host and showed a broader host range than the phages GH15 and K. The genome of VB-SavM-JYL01 lacked bacterial virulence-, antibiotic resistance- and lysogenesis-related genes. A single intranasal administration of VB-SavM-JYL01 (3 × 109 PFU) could effectively improve the survival rate at 48 h to 90% (9/10) compared with the survival rate of 10% and 80% observed with the PBS or linezolid treatment, respectively. The bacterial count in the lungs of rabbits treated with the phage VB-SavM-JYL01 was 4.18 × 104 CFU/g at 24 h, which was significantly decreased compared to that of rabbits treated with PBS (7.38 × 107 CFU/g) or linezolid (3.12 × 105 CFU/g). The phage treatment significantly alleviated lung tissue damage. The levels of total proteins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), alpha-toxin (Hla) and cytokines in the lungs of the rabbits treated with the phage were significantly lower than those of the rabbits treated with PBS and similar to those of the rabbits treated with linezolid. These data demonstrate the potential utility of phage as an alternative for preventing rabbit necrotizing pneumonia caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Mengjun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shengjie Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Hengyu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Ruopeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xinwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yibing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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Chiang SR, Lai CC, Ho CH, Chen CM, Chao CM, Wang JJ, Cheng KC. Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Assistance Interacts Synergistically with Carbapenem for Clostridium difficile Infection in Critically Ill Patients. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080224. [PMID: 30127264 PMCID: PMC6111739 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Interactions between mechanical ventilation (MV) and carbapenem interventions were investigated for the risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in critically ill patients undergoing concurrent carbapenem therapy. Methods: Taiwan’s National Intensive Care Unit Database (NICUD) was used in this analytical, observational, and retrospective study. We analyzed 267,871 intubated patients in subgroups based on the duration of MV support: 7–14 days (n = 97,525), 15–21 days (n = 52,068), 22–28 days (n = 35,264), and 29–60 days (n = 70,021). The primary outcome was CDI. Results: Age (>75 years old), prolonged MV assistance (>21 days), carbapenem therapy (>15 days), and high comorbidity scores were identified as independent risk factors for developing CDI. CDI risk increased with longer MV support. The highest rate of CDI was in the MV 29–60 days subgroup (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46–5.58; p < 0.02). Moreover, higher CDI rates correlated with the interaction between MV and carbapenem interventions; these CDI risks were increased in the MV 15–21 days (AHR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.12–5.91) and MV 29–60 days (AHR = 4.63; 95% CI = 1.14–10.03) subgroups than in the non-MV and non-carbapenem subgroups. Conclusions: Both MV support and carbapenem interventions significantly increase the risk that critically ill patients will develop CDI. Moreover, prolonged MV support and carbapenem therapy synergistically induce CDI. These findings provide new insights into the role of MV support in the development of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 71004 Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of General Education, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 71710 Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 73657 Liouying, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, 71004 Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 71710 Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 71004 Tainan, Taiwan.
- Departments of Recreation and Healthcare Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 71710 Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 73657 Liouying, Taiwan.
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, 71004 Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 71004 Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, 71703 Tainan, Taiwan.
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Mechanical ventilation and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia alter mitochondrial homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11718. [PMID: 30082877 PMCID: PMC6078986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Required mechanical ventilation (MV) may contribute to bacterial dissemination in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Significant variations in plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in sepsis according to the outcome. The impact of lung stretch during MV was addressed in a model of pneumonia. Healthy or S. pneumoniae infected rabbits were submitted to MV or kept spontaneously breathing (SB). Bacterial burden, cytokines release, mitochondrial DNA levels, integrity and transcription were assessed along with 48-hour mortality. Compared with infected SB rabbits, MV rabbits developed more severe pneumonia with greater concentrations of bacteria in the lungs, higher rates of systemic dissemination, higher levels of circulating inflammatory mediators and decreased survival. Pulmonary mtDNA levels were significantly lower in infected animals as compared to non-infected ones, whenever they were SB or MV. After a significant early drop, circulating mtDNA levels returned to baseline values in the infected SB rabbits, but remained low until death in the MV ones. Whole blood ex-vivo stimulation with Streptococcus pneumoniae resulted in a reduction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes mitochondrial density and plasma mtDNA concentrations. Thus, persistent mitochondrial depletion and dysfunction in the infected animals submitted to MV could account for their less efficient immune response against S. pneumoniae.
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Song J, Wang G, Hoenerhoff MJ, Ruan J, Yang D, Zhang J, Yang J, Lester PA, Sigler R, Bradley M, Eckley S, Cornelius K, Chen K, Kolls JK, Peng L, Ma L, Chen YE, Sun F, Xu J. Bacterial and Pneumocystis Infections in the Lungs of Gene-Knockout Rabbits with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2018; 9:429. [PMID: 29593714 PMCID: PMC5854650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, we recently produced a number of rabbits with mutations in immune function genes, including FOXN1, PRKDC, RAG1, RAG2, and IL2RG. Seven founder knockout rabbits (F0) and three male IL2RG null (-/y) F1 animals demonstrated severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), characterized by absence or pronounced hypoplasia of the thymus and splenic white pulp, and absence of immature and mature T and B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Complete blood count analysis showed severe leukopenia and lymphocytopenia accompanied by severe neutrophilia. Without prophylactic antibiotics, the SCID rabbits universally succumbed to lung infections following weaning. Pathology examination revealed severe heterophilic bronchopneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in several animals, but a consistent feature of lung lesions in all animals was a severe interstitial pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis oryctolagi, as confirmed by histological examination and PCR analysis of Pneumocystis genes. The results of this study suggest that these SCID rabbits could serve as a useful model for human SCID to investigate the disease pathogenesis and the development of gene and drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jibing Yang
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Patrick A. Lester
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert Sigler
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Bradley
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Samantha Eckley
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelsey Cornelius
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Li Peng
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Liang Ma
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuqing Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fei Sun
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Pauchard LA, Blot M, Bruyere R, Barbar SD, Croisier D, Piroth L, Charles PE. Linezolid and atorvastatin impact on pneumonia caused by Staphyloccocus aureus in rabbits with or without mechanical ventilation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187187. [PMID: 29149185 PMCID: PMC5693480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia may involve methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with elevated rates of antibiotics failure. The present study aimed to assess the effect of statins given prior to pneumonia development. Spontaneously breathing (SB) or mechanically ventilated (MV) rabbits with pneumonia received atorvastatin alone, linezolid (LNZ) alone, or a combination of both (n = 5 in each group). Spontaneously breathing and MV untreated infected animals (n = 11 in each group), as well as uninfected animals (n = 5 in each group) were used as controls. Microbiological features and inflammation were evaluated. Data are presented as medians (interquartile range). Linezolid alone tended to reduce pulmonary MRSA load in both SB and MV rabbits, but failed to prevent bacteremia (59%) in the latter. Linezolid alone dampened TNF-α lung production in both SB and MV rabbits (e.g., 2226 [789] vs. 11478 [10251] pg/g; p = 0.022). Statins alone did the same in both SB and MV animals (e.g., 2040 [133]; p = 0.016), and dampened systemic inflammation in the latter, possibly through TLR2 down-regulation within the lung. However, the combination of LNZ and statin led to an increased rate of bacteremia in MV animals up to 75%. Statins provide an anti-inflammatory effect in rabbits with MRSA pneumonia, especially in MV ones. However, dampening the systemic inflammatory response with statins could impede blood defenses against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Pauchard
- Laboratoire “Lipides Nutrition Cancer”, U.M.R. 1231, I.N.S.E.R.M., U.F.R. Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Blot
- Laboratoire “Lipides Nutrition Cancer”, U.M.R. 1231, I.N.S.E.R.M., U.F.R. Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | - Rémi Bruyere
- Laboratoire “Lipides Nutrition Cancer”, U.M.R. 1231, I.N.S.E.R.M., U.F.R. Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Saber-Davide Barbar
- Laboratoire “Lipides Nutrition Cancer”, U.M.R. 1231, I.N.S.E.R.M., U.F.R. Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Lionel Piroth
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Laboratoire “Lipides Nutrition Cancer”, U.M.R. 1231, I.N.S.E.R.M., U.F.R. Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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Song J, Yang D, Ruan J, Zhang J, Chen YE, Xu J. Production of immunodeficient rabbits by multiplex embryo transfer and multiplex gene targeting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12202. [PMID: 28939872 PMCID: PMC5610260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice have been used predominantly in biomedical research. Realizing that large animal species may have an enhanced ability to predict clinical outcome relative to mice, we worked to develop immunodeficient rabbits by CRISPR/Cas9. We first demonstrated that multiplex embryo transfer efficiently produced multiple lines of single-gene mutant (SGM) founders. Embryos microinjected with single sgRNA targeting FOXN1, RAG2, IL2RG or PRKDC were pooled for embryo transfer. As few as three recipients were used to produce twenty SGM founders for four genes. We then demonstrated the powerful multiplex targeting capacity of CRISPR/Cas9. First, two genes on the same chromosome were targeted simultaneously, resulting in three RAG1/RAG2 double-gene mutant (DGM) founders. Next we microinjected forty-five embryos each with five sgRNAs targeting FOXN1, RAG1, RAG2, IL2RG and PRKDC, and transferred them to two recipients. Five founders were produced: one SGM, two DGM, one triple-gene mutant and one quadruple-gene mutant. The present work demonstrates that multiplex embryo transfer and multiplex gene targeting can be used to quickly and efficiently generate mutant rabbit founders. Four lines of SGM (e.g. FOXN1, RAG2, IL2RG, and PRKDC) immunodeficient rabbits, as well as multigenic mutant immunodeficient rabbits have been produced. These animals may prove useful for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yuqing Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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