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Mao J, Burdett HL, Kamenos NA. Efficient carbon recycling between calcification and photosynthesis in red coralline algae. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230598. [PMID: 38889774 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Red coralline algae create abundant, spatially vast, reef ecosystems throughout our coastal oceans with significant ecosystem service provision, but our understanding of their basic physiology is lacking. In particular, the balance and linkages between carbon-producing and carbon-sequestering processes remain poorly constrained, with significant implications for understanding their role in carbon sequestration and storage. Using dual radioisotope tracing, we provide evidence for coupling between photosynthesis (which requires CO2) and calcification (which releases CO2) in the red coralline alga Boreolithothamnion soriferum (previously Lithothamnion soriferum)-a marine ecosystem engineer widely distributed across Atlantic mid-high latitudes. Of the sequestered HCO3 -, 38 ± 22% was deposited as carbonate skeleton while 39 ± 14% was incorporated into organic matter via photosynthesis. Only 38 ± 2% of the sequestered HCO3 - was transformed into CO2, and almost 40% of that was internally recycled as photosynthetic substrate, reducing the net release of carbon to 23 ± 3% of the total uptake. The calcification rate was strongly dependent on photosynthetic substrate production, supporting the presence of photosynthetically enhanced calcification. The efficient carbon-recycling physiology reported here suggests that calcifying algae may not contribute as much to marine CO2 release as is currently assumed, supporting a reassessment of their role in blue carbon accounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University , Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Burdett
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - N A Kamenos
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
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Lin J, Sun Y, Zhang H, Shen Q, Xu L, Zeng Q, Su Y, Han C. Two-dimensional, high-resolution imaging of pH dynamics in the phyllosphere of submerged macrophyte using a new Nano-optode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166327. [PMID: 37595908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere pH helps shape the plant microbiome and strongly influences aboveground interactions in plant canopies. Yet little is known about the distribution of pH at a microscale within the macrophyte phyllosphere and the factors promoting them because achieving high-resolution quantitative imaging of phyllosphere pH is a great challenge. Here, new ratiometric pH nano-optodes were prepared by firstly encapsulating the self-synthesized lipophilic dyes (8-acetoxypyrene-N1, N3, N6-trioctadecyl-1, 3, 6-tri-trisulfonamide) to poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-styrene) nanoparticles, and then immobilizing the resulting nanoparticles in polyurethane hydrogel on transparent foils. The nano-optodes presented reversible and fast response (t95 < 80 s) to the pH range from 7.0 to 11.0, with merits of good spatial resolution, photobleaching/leaching resistance and negligible cross-sensitives toward temperature, O2 and ionic strength (< 100 mM). The nano-optodes together with a self-designed phyllosphere chamber were further applied to directly measure the pH distributions at a microscale around single leaves of V. spiralis grown in natural sediment. The pronounced pH microheterogeneity and leaf basification within the V. spiralis phyllosphere were quantitatively visualized. We also provided direct empirical evidence that the dynamic of the phyllosphere pH at high resolution was significantly controlled by the shifting light intensity and temperature. Implementation of the nano-optodes holds great potential for various laboratory applications, which will provide an in-depth insight into phyllosphere activities on the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Qiushi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yaling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Effects of Irradiance and Temperature on the Photosynthesis of the Crustose Coralline Algae Pneophyllum fragile (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in the Coastal Waters of Korea. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of the crustose coralline alga Pneophyllum fragile (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) according to elevated water temperature and irradiance on the coast of Jeju in 2018. P. fragile was cultured under different temperature (11 °C, 21 °C, 26 °C, and 31 °C) and irradiance (0–1250 μmol photon m−2 s−1) conditions. Oxygen (O2) concentrations at the P. fragile mat–water interface (MWI) were measured using an O2 microsensor. At the MWI, the diffusive boundary layer thicknesses ranged from 200 to 400 μm. The O2 concentrations at the mat surface increased in response to increasing irradiance, and reached 344% air saturation. The maximum photosynthesis capacity (Pmax) and respiration rate in the dark (Rd) at 31 °C were about 3 times higher than those recorded at 11 °C. The compensation irradiance (Ec) and saturation irradiance (Ek) increased with increasing water temperature. The Pmax, Rd, and Ec were statistically correlated with temperature (p < 0.05). The Ek increased up to 833 μmol photon m−2 s−1 at 31 °C and exhibited a strong dependence on irradiance at high temperatures. The adaptability of P. fragile to high temperatures and strong irradiance was distinct from that observed for coralline algae in other temperate waters.
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Noisette F, Pansch C, Wall M, Wahl M, Hurd CL. Role of hydrodynamics in shaping chemical habitats and modulating the responses of coastal benthic systems to ocean global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3812-3829. [PMID: 35298052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine coastal zones are highly productive, and dominated by engineer species (e.g. macrophytes, molluscs, corals) that modify the chemistry of their surrounding seawater via their metabolism, causing substantial fluctuations in oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, and nutrients. The magnitude of these biologically driven chemical fluctuations is regulated by hydrodynamics, can exceed values predicted for the future open ocean, and creates chemical patchiness in subtidal areas at various spatial (µm to meters) and temporal (minutes to months) scales. Although the role of hydrodynamics is well explored for planktonic communities, its influence as a crucial driver of benthic organism and community functioning is poorly addressed, particularly in the context of ocean global change. Hydrodynamics can directly modulate organismal physiological activity or indirectly influence an organism's performance by modifying its habitat. This review addresses recent developments in (i) the influence of hydrodynamics on the biological activity of engineer species, (ii) the description of chemical habitats resulting from the interaction between hydrodynamics and biological activity, (iii) the role of these chemical habitat as refugia against ocean acidification and deoxygenation, and (iv) how species living in such chemical habitats may respond to ocean global change. Recommendations are provided to integrate the effect of hydrodynamics and environmental fluctuations in future research, to better predict the responses of coastal benthic ecosystems to ongoing ocean global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Noisette
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christian Pansch
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland
| | - Marlene Wall
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Martin Wahl
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Calcification in Three Common Calcified Algae from Phuket, Thailand: Potential Relevance on Seawater Carbonate Chemistry and Link to Photosynthetic Process. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112537. [PMID: 34834900 PMCID: PMC8624766 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcifying macroalgae contribute significantly to the structure and function of tropical marine ecosystems. Their calcification and photosynthetic processes are not well understood despite their critical role in marine carbon cycles and high vulnerability to environmental changes. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the macroalgal calcification process, focusing on its relevance concerning seawater carbonate chemistry and its relationship to photosynthesis in three dominant calcified macroalgae in Thailand, Padina boryana, Halimeda macroloba and Halimeda opuntia. Morphological and microstructural attributes of the three macroalgae were analyzed and subsequently linked to their calcification rates and responses to inhibition of photosynthesis. In the first experiment, seawater pH, total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon were measured after incubation of the macroalgae in the light and after equilibration of the seawater with air. Estimations of carbon uptake into photosynthesis and calcification and carbon release into air were obtained thereafter. Our results provide evidence that calcification of the three calcified macroalgae is a potential source of CO2, where calcification by H. opuntia and H. macroloba leads to a greater release of CO2 per biomass weight than P. boryana. Nevertheless, this capacity is expected to vary on a diurnal basis, as the second experiment indicates that calcification is highly coupled to photosynthetic activity. Lower pH as a result of inhibited photosynthesis under darkness imposes more negative effects on H. opuntia and H. macroloba than on P. boryana, implying that they are more sensitive to acidification. These effects were worsened when photosynthesis was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, highlighting the significance of photosynthetic electron transport-dependent processes. Our findings suggest that estimations of the amount of carbon stored in the vegetated marine ecosystems should account for macroalgal calcification as a potential carbon source while considering diurnal variations in photosynthesis and seawater pH in a natural setting.
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Koerich G, Costa GB, Sissini MN, Ortiz CL, Canever BF, Oliveira W, Tonkin JD, Horta PA. Physiology, niche characteristics and extreme events: Current and future habitat suitability of a rhodolith-forming species in the Southwestern Atlantic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105394. [PMID: 34166865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the ecological and biogeochemical importance of rhodolith beds, it is necessary to investigate how future environmental conditions will affect these organisms. We investigated the impacts of increased nutrient concentrations, acidification, and marine heatwaves on the performance of the rhodolith-forming species Lithothamnion crispatum in a short-term experiment, including the recovery of individuals after stressor removal. Furthermore, we developed an ecological niche model to establish which environmental conditions determine its current distribution along the Brazilian coast and to project responses to future climate scenarios. Although L. crispatum suffered a reduction in photosynthetic performance when exposed to stressors, they returned to pre-experiment values following the return of individuals to control conditions. The model showed that the most important variables in explaining the current distribution of L. crispatum on the Brazilian coast were maximum nitrate and temperature. In future ocean conditions, the model predicted a range expansion of habitat suitability for this species of approximately 58.5% under RCP 8.5. Physiological responses to experimental future environmental conditions corroborated model predictions of the expansion of this species' habitat suitability in the future. This study, therefore, demonstrates the benefits of applying combined approaches to examine potential species responses to climate-change drivers from multiple angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Koerich
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Giulia Burle Costa
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Nasri Sissini
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Lopez Ortiz
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Willian Oliveira
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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7
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Zerveas S, Mente MS, Tsakiri D, Kotzabasis K. Microalgal photosynthesis induces alkalization of aquatic environment as a result of H + uptake independently from CO 2 concentration - New perspectives for environmental applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112546. [PMID: 33839608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic process in microalgae and the extracellular proton environment interact with each other. The photosynthetic process in microalgae induces a pH increase in the aquatic environment as a result of cellular protons uptake rather than as an effect of CO2 consumption. The photosynthetic water photolysis and the reduction/oxidation cycle of the plastoquinone pool provide lumen with protons. Weak bases act as "permeant buffers" in lumen during the photosynthetic procedure, converting the ΔpH to Δψ. This is possibly the main reason for continuous light-driven proton uptake from the aquatic environment through cytosol and stroma, into the lumen. The proton uptake rate and, therefore, the microalgal growth is proportional to the light intensity, cell concentration, and extracellular proton concentration. The low pH in microalgae cultures, without limitation factors related to light and nutrients, strongly induces photosynthesis (and proton uptake) and, consequently, growth. In contrast, the mitochondrial respiratory process, in the absence of photosynthetic activity, does not substantially alter the culture pH. Only after intensification of the respiratory process, using exogenous glucose supply leads to significantly reduced pH values in the culture medium, almost exclusively through proton output. Enhanced dissolution of atmospheric CO2 in water causes the phenomenon of ocean acidification, which prevents the process of calcification, a significant process for numerous phytoplankton and zooplankton organisms, as well for corals. The proposed interaction between microalgal photosynthetic activity and proton concentration in the aquatic environment, independently from the CO2 concentration, paves the way for new innovative management strategies for reversing the ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Zerveas
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Sofia Mente
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tsakiri
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kiriakos Kotzabasis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Gefen-Treves S, Bartholomäus A, Horn F, Zaborowski AB, Tchernov D, Wagner D, Oren A, Kaplan A. The Microbiome Associated with the Reef Builder Neogoniolithon sp. in the Eastern Mediterranean. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071374. [PMID: 34202696 PMCID: PMC8306765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of coastal vermetid reefs and rocky shores depends on the activity of several reef builders, including red crustose coralline algae (CCA) such as Neogoniolithon sp. To initiate studies on the interaction between Neogoniolithon sp. and its associated bacteria, and their impact on the algae physiological performance, we characterized the bacterial community by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These were extracted from the algal tissue and adjacent waters along two sampling campaigns (during winter and spring), in three study regions along a reef in the east Mediterranean Israeli coast and from laboratory-grown algae. The analysis revealed that aquaria and field communities differ substantially, suggesting that future research on Neogoniolithon sp. interaction with its microbiome must rest on aquaria that closely simulate coastal conditions. Some prokaryote classes found associated with the alga tissue were hardly detected or absent from surrounding water. Further, bacterial populations differed between sampling campaigns. One example is the presence of anaerobic bacteria and archaea families in one of the campaigns, correlating with the weaker turbulence in the spring season, probably leading to the development of local anoxic conditions. A better understanding of reef-building activity of CCA and their associated bacteria is necessary for assessment of their resilience to climate change and may support coastal preservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shany Gefen-Treves
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (S.G.-T.); (A.O.)
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; (A.B.); (F.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Alexander Bartholomäus
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; (A.B.); (F.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Fabian Horn
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; (A.B.); (F.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Adam Boleslaw Zaborowski
- Bioinformatics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; (A.B.); (F.H.); (D.W.)
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aharon Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (S.G.-T.); (A.O.)
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (S.G.-T.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-658-5234
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9
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Calcification in free-living coralline algae is strongly influenced by morphology: Implications for susceptibility to ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11232. [PMID: 34045570 PMCID: PMC8160205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodolith beds built by free-living coralline algae are important ecosystems for marine biodiversity and carbonate production. Yet, our mechanistic understanding regarding rhodolith physiology and its drivers is still limited. Using three rhodolith species with different branching morphologies, we investigated the role of morphology in species’ physiology and the implications for their susceptibility to ocean acidification (OA). For this, we determined the effects of thallus topography on diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness, the associated microscale oxygen and pH dynamics and their relationship with species’ metabolic and light and dark calcification rates, as well as species’ responses to short-term OA exposure. Our results show that rhodolith branching creates low-flow microenvironments that exhibit increasing DBL thickness with increasing branch length. This, together with species’ metabolic rates, determined the light-dependent pH dynamics at the algal surface, which in turn dictated species’ calcification rates. While these differences did not translate in species-specific responses to short-term OA exposure, the differences in the magnitude of diurnal pH fluctuations (~ 0.1–1.2 pH units) between species suggest potential differences in phenotypic plasticity to OA that may result in different susceptibilities to long-term OA exposure, supporting the general view that species’ ecomechanical characteristics must be considered for predicting OA responses.
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Marques JA, Flores F, Patel F, Bianchini A, Uthicke S, Negri AP. Acclimation history modulates effect size of calcareous algae (Halimeda opuntia) to herbicide exposure under future climate scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140308. [PMID: 32846507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical marine habitat-builders such as calcifying green algae can be susceptible to climate change (warming and acidification). This study evaluated the cumulative effects of ocean warming (OW), ocean acidification (OA) and the herbicide diuron on the calcifying green algae Halimeda opuntia. We also assessed the influence of acclimation history to experimental climate change conditions on physiological responses. H. opuntia were exposed for 15 days to orthogonal combinations of three climate scenarios [ambient (28 °C, pCO2 = 378 ppm), 2050 (29 °C, pCO2 = 567 ppm) and 2100 (30 °C, pCO2 = 721 ppm)] and to six diuron concentrations (up to 29 μg L-1). Half of the H. opuntia had been acclimated for eight months to the climate scenarios in a mesocosm approach, while the remaining half were not pre-acclimated, as is current practice in most experiments. Climate effects on quantum yield (ΔF/Fm'), photosynthesis and calcification in future climate scenarios were significantly stronger (by -24, -46 and +26%, respectively) in non-acclimated algae, suggesting experimental bias may exaggerate effects in organisms not appropriately acclimated to future-climate conditions. Thus, full analysis was done on acclimated plants only. Interactive effects of future climate scenarios and diuron were observed for ΔF/Fm', while the detrimental effects of climate and diuron on net photosynthesis and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were additive. Calcification-related enzymes were negatively affected only by diuron, with inhibition of Ca-ATPase and upregulation of carbonic anhydrase. The combined and consistent physiological and biochemical evidence of negative impacts (across six indicators) of both herbicide and future-climate conditions on the health of H. opuntia highlights the need to address both climate change and water quality. Guideline values for contaminants may also need to be lowered considering 'climate adjusted thresholds'. Importantly, this study highlights the value of applying substantial future climate acclimation periods in experimental studies to avoid exaggerated organism responses to OW and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane A Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Frances Patel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
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11
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Guy-Haim T, Silverman J, Wahl M, Aguirre J, Noisette F, Rilov G. Epiphytes provide micro-scale refuge from ocean acidification. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105093. [PMID: 32798779 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae, a major calcifying component of coastal shallow water communities, have been shown to be one of the more vulnerable taxonomic groups to ocean acidification (OA). Under OA, the interaction between corallines and epiphytes was previously described as both positive and negative. We hypothesized that the photosynthetic activity and the complex structure of non-calcifying epiphytic algae that grow on corallines ameliorate the chemical microenvironmental conditions around them, providing protection from OA. Using mesocosm and microsensor experiments, we showed that the widespread coralline Ellisolandia elongata is less susceptible to the detrimental effects of OA when covered with non-calcifying epiphytic algae, and its diffusive boundary layer is thicker than when not covered by epiphytes. By modifying the microenvironmental carbonate chemistry, epiphytes, facilitated by OA, create micro-scale shield (and refuge) with more basic conditions that may allow the persistence of corallines associated with them during acidified conditions. Such ecological refugia could also assist corallines under near-future anthropogenic OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel; GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Experimental Ecology, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany.
| | - Jacob Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Experimental Ecology, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Julio Aguirre
- Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, University of Granada, Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gil Rilov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel
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12
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Bergstrom E, Ordoñez A, Ho M, Hurd C, Fry B, Diaz-Pulido G. Inorganic carbon uptake strategies in coralline algae: Plasticity across evolutionary lineages under ocean acidification and warming. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105107. [PMID: 32890983 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) assimilation is essential to the reef-building capacity of crustose coralline algae (CCA). Little is known, however, about the DIC uptake strategies and their potential plasticity under ongoing ocean acidification (OA) and warming. The persistence of CCA lineages throughout historical oscillations of pCO2 and temperature suggests that evolutionary history may play a role in selecting for adaptive traits. We evaluated the effects of pCO2 and temperature on the plasticity of DIC uptake strategies and associated energetic consequences in reef-building CCA from different evolutionary lineages. We simulated past, present, moderate (IPCC RCP 6.0) and high pCO2 (RCP 8.5) and present and high (RCP 8.5) temperature conditions and quantified stable carbon isotope fractionation (13ε), organic carbon content, growth and photochemical efficiency. All investigated CCA species possess CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) and assimilate CO2 via diffusion to varying degrees. Under OA and warming, CCA either increased or maintained CCM capacity, which was associated with overall neutral effects on metabolic performance. More basal taxa, Sporolithales and Hapalidiales, had greater capacity for diffusive CO2 use than Corallinales. We suggest that CCMs are an adaptation that supports a robust carbon physiology and are likely responsible for the endurance of CCA in historically changing oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Bergstrom
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Ordoñez
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Maureen Ho
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Catriona Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, 28 Morrison St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Brian Fry
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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13
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Abstract
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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14
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Auer G, Piller WE. Nanocrystals as phenotypic expression of genotypes-An example in coralline red algae. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2126. [PMID: 32095524 PMCID: PMC7015681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coralline red algae (CRA) are important ecosystem engineers in the world's oceans. They play key roles as primary food source and carbonate producers in marine habitats. CRA are also vital for modern reef systems where they act as substrate for coral growth and stabilizers of reef frameworks. However, morphotaxonomic identification of these important marine organisms is hampered by the fact that morphological concepts used for their classification do not correspond to molecular data. We present the first analysis of nanoscale features in calcified cell walls of CRA in a globally distributed sample set. We use new morphological traits based on these cell wall ultrastructures to construct an independent morphological phyletic tree that shows a promising congruency with existing CRA molecular phylogenies. Our results highlight cellular ultrastructures as a tool to define the phenotypic expression of genotypic information showing their potential to unify morphology with molecular phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Auer
- Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (Biogeochemistry Program), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
- University of Graz, Institute of Earth Sciences (Geology and Paleontology), NAWI Graz Geocenter, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Werner E. Piller
- University of Graz, Institute of Earth Sciences (Geology and Paleontology), NAWI Graz Geocenter, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Carvalho VF, Assis J, Serrão EA, Nunes JM, Anderson AB, Batista MB, Barufi JB, Silva J, Pereira SMB, Horta PA. Environmental drivers of rhodolith beds and epiphytes community along the South Western Atlantic coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 154:104827. [PMID: 31780097 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions shape the occurrence and abundance of habitat-building organisms at global scales. Rhodolith beds structure important hard substrate habitats for a large number of marine benthic organisms. These organisms can benefit local biodiversity levels, but also compete with rhodoliths for essential resources. Therefore, understanding the factors shaping the distribution of rhodoliths and their associated communities along entire distributional ranges is of much relevance for conservational biology, particularly in the scope of future environmental changes. Here we predict suitable habitat areas and identify the main environmental drivers of rhodoliths' variability and of associated epiphytes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient. Occurrence and abundance data were collected throughout the South-western Atlantic coast (SWA) and modelled against high resolution environmental predictors extracted from Bio-Oracle. The main drivers for rhodolith occurrence were light availability and temperature at the bottom of the ocean, while abundance was explained by nitrate, temperature and current velocity. Tropical regions showed the highest abundance of rhodoliths. No latitudinal pattern was detected in the variability of epiphytes abundance. However, significant differences were found between sampled sites regarding the composition of predominant taxa. The predictors influencing such differences were temperature and nitrate. The Tropical region is abundant in species with warm-water affinities, decreasing toward warm temperate region. The expressive occurrence of tropical species not referred before for warm temperate beds indicate a plausible tropicalization event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - José M Nunes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio B Anderson
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia - Laboratório de Ictiologia (Ictiolab) - Campus Goiabeiras - Vitória - ES - Brazil
| | - Manuela B Batista
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José B Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sonia M B Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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16
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Nash MC, Diaz-Pulido G, Harvey AS, Adey W. Coralline algal calcification: A morphological and process-based understanding. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221396. [PMID: 31557180 PMCID: PMC6762179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research purpose and findings Coralline algae are key biological substrates of many carbonate systems globally. Their capacity to build enduring crusts that underpin the formation of tropical reefs, rhodolith beds and other benthic substrate is dependent on the formation of a calcified thallus. However, this important process of skeletal carbonate formation is not well understood. We undertook a study of cellular carbonate features to develop a model for calcification. We describe two types of cell wall calcification; 1) calcified primary cell wall (PCW) in the thin-walled elongate cells such as central medullary cells in articulated corallines and hypothallial cells in crustose coralline algae (CCA), 2) calcified secondary cell wall (SCW) with radial Mg-calcite crystals in thicker-walled rounded cortical cells of articulated corallines and perithallial cells of CCA. The distinctive banding found in many rhodoliths is the regular transition from PCW-only cells to SCW cells. Within the cell walls there can be bands of elevated Mg with Mg content of a few mol% higher than radial Mg-calcite (M-type), ranging up to dolomite composition (D-type). Model for calcification We propose the following three-step model for calcification. 1) A thin (< 0.5 μm) PCW forms and is filled with a mineralising fluid of organic compounds and seawater. Nanometer-scale Mg-calcite grains precipitate on the organic structures within the PCW. 2) Crystalline cellulose microfibrils (CMF) are extruded perpendicularly from the cellulose synthase complexes (CSC) in the plasmalemma to form the SCW. 3) The CMF soaks in the mineralising fluid as it extrudes and becomes calcified, retaining the perpendicular form, thus building the radial calcite. In Clathromorphum, SCW formation lags PCW creating a zone of weakness resulting in a split in the sub-surface crust. All calcification seems likely to be a bioinduced rather than controlled process. These findings are a substantial step forward in understanding how corallines calcify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merinda C. Nash
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- Griffith School of Environment and Science, and Australian Rivers Institute, Coast and Estuaries, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adela S. Harvey
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walter Adey
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
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17
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Flow-driven micro-scale pH variability affects the physiology of corals and coralline algae under ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12829. [PMID: 31492930 PMCID: PMC6731248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural variability in pH in the diffusive boundary layer (DBL), the discrete layer of seawater between bulk seawater and the outer surface of organisms, could be an important factor determining the response of corals and coralline algae to ocean acidification (OA). Here, two corals with different morphologies and one coralline alga were maintained under two different regimes of flow velocities, pH, and light intensities in a 12 flumes experimental system for a period of 27 weeks. We used a combination of geochemical proxies, physiological and micro-probe measurements to assess how these treatments affected the conditions in the DBL and the response of organisms to OA. Overall, low flow velocity did not ameliorate the negative effect of low pH and therefore did not provide a refugia from OA. Flow velocity had species-specific effects with positive effects on calcification for two species. pH in the calcifying fluid (pHcf) was reduced by low flow in both corals at low light only. pHcf was significantly impacted by pH in the DBL for the two species capable of significantly modifying pH in the DBL. The dissolved inorganic carbon in the calcifying fluid (DICcf) was highest under low pH for the corals and low flow for the coralline, while the saturation state in the calcifying fluid and its proxy (FWHM) were generally not affected by the treatments. This study therefore demonstrates that the effects of OA will manifest most severely in a combination of lower light and lower flow habitats for sub-tropical coralline algae. These effects will also be greatest in lower flow habitats for some corals. Together with existing literature, these findings reinforce that the effects of OA are highly context dependent, and will differ greatly between habitats, and depending on species composition.
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18
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Briggs AA, Carpenter RC. Contrasting responses of photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency to ocean acidification under different light environments in a calcifying alga. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3986. [PMID: 30850681 PMCID: PMC6408467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to enhance photosynthesis in many marine taxa. However, photophysiology has multiple components that OA may affect differently, especially under different light environments, with potentially contrasting consequences for photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, because photosynthesis affects energetic budgets and internal acid-base dynamics, changes in it due to OA or light could mediate the sensitivity of other biological processes to OA (e.g. respiration and calcification). To better understand these effects, we conducted experiments on Porolithon onkodes, a common crustose coralline alga in Pacific coral reefs, crossing pCO2 and light treatments. Results indicate OA inhibited some aspects of photophysiology (maximum photochemical efficiency), facilitated others (α, the responsiveness of photosynthesis to sub-saturating light), and had no effect on others (maximum gross photosynthesis), with the first two effects depending on treatment light level. Light also exacerbated the increase in dark-adapted respiration under OA, but did not alter the decline in calcification. Light-adapted respiration did not respond to OA, potentially due to indirect effects of photosynthesis. Combined, results indicate OA will interact with light to alter energetic budgets and potentially resource allocation among photosynthetic processes in P. onkodes, likely shifting its light tolerance, and constraining it to a narrower range of light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Briggs
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA. .,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Robert C Carpenter
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
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19
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Schoenrock KM, Bacquet M, Pearce D, Rea BR, Schofield JE, Lea J, Mair D, Kamenos N. Influences of salinity on the physiology and distribution of the Arctic coralline algae, Lithothamnion glaciale (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:690-702. [PMID: 30079466 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Greenland, free-living red coralline algae contribute to and dominate marine habitats along the coastline. Lithothamnion glaciale dominates coralline algae beds in many regions of the Arctic, but never in Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, where Clathromorphum sp. is dominant. To investigate environmental impacts on coralline algae distribution, calcification and primary productivity were measured in situ during summers of 2015 and 2016, and annual patterns of productivity in L. glaciale were monitored in laboratory-based mesocosm experiments where temperature and salinity were manipulated to mimic high glacial melt. The results of field and cold-room measurements indicate that both L. glaciale and Clathromorphum sp. had low calcification and photosynthetic rates during the Greenland summer (2015 and 2016), with maximum of 1.225 ± 0.17 or 0.002 ± 0.023 μmol CaCO3 · g-1 · h-1 and -0.007 ±0.003 or -0.004 ± 0.001 mg O2 · L-1 · h-1 in each species respectively. Mesocosm experiments indicate L. glaciale is a seasonal responder; photosynthetic and calcification rates increase with annual light cycles. Furthermore, metabolic processes in L. glaciale were negatively influenced by low salinity; positive growth rates only occurred in marine treatments where individuals accumulated an average of 1.85 ± 1.73 mg · d-1 of biomass through summer. These results indicate high freshwater input to the Godthåbsfjord region may drive the low abundance of L. glaciale, and could decrease species distribution as climate change increases freshwater input to the Arctic marine system via enhanced ice sheet runoff and glacier calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Schoenrock
- Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marion Bacquet
- Université Quimper, 2 Rue de l'Université, 29000, Quimper, France
| | - Danni Pearce
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Brice R Rea
- Geography& Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
| | - J Edward Schofield
- Geography& Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
| | - James Lea
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Doug Mair
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Nicholas Kamenos
- Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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20
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Hofmann LC, Schoenrock K, de Beer D. Arctic Coralline Algae Elevate Surface pH and Carbonate in the Dark. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1416. [PMID: 30319676 PMCID: PMC6167962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Red coralline algae are projected to be sensitive to ocean acidification, particularly in polar oceans. As important ecosystem engineers, their potential sensitivity has broad implications, and understanding their carbon acquisition mechanisms is necessary for making reliable predictions. Therefore, we investigated the localized carbonate chemistry at the surface of Arctic coralline algae using microsensors. We report for the first time carbonate ion concentration and pH measurements ([CO3 2-]) at and above the algal surface in the microenvironment. We show that surface pH and [CO3 2-] are higher than the bulk seawater in the light, and even after hours of darkness. We further show that three species of Arctic coralline algae have efficient carbon concentrating mechanisms including direct bicarbonate uptake and indirect bicarbonate use via a carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Our results suggest that Arctic corallines have strong biological control over their surface chemistry, where active calcification occurs, and that net dissolution in the dark does not occur. We suggest that the elevated pH and [CO3 2-] in the dark could be explained by a high rate of light independent carbon fixation that reduces respiratory CO2 release. This mechanism could provide a potential adaptation to ocean acidification in Arctic coralline algae, which has important implications for future Arctic marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C. Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathryn Schoenrock
- Department of Geographical and Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
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21
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Cavalcanti GS, Shukla P, Morris M, Ribeiro B, Foley M, Doane MP, Thompson CC, Edwards MS, Dinsdale EA, Thompson FL. Rhodoliths holobionts in a changing ocean: host-microbes interactions mediate coralline algae resilience under ocean acidification. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:701. [PMID: 30249182 PMCID: PMC6154897 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Life in the ocean will increasingly have to contend with a complex matrix of concurrent shifts in environmental properties that impact their physiology and control their life histories. Rhodoliths are coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) that are photosynthesizers, calcifiers, and ecosystem engineers and therefore represent important targets for ocean acidification (OA) research. Here, we exposed live rhodoliths to near-future OA conditions to investigate responses in their photosynthetic capacity, calcium carbonate production, and associated microbiome using carbon uptake, decalcification assays, and whole genome shotgun sequencing metagenomic analysis, respectively. The results from our live rhodolith assays were compared to similar manipulations on dead rhodolith (calcareous skeleton) biofilms and water column microbial communities, thereby enabling the assessment of host-microbiome interaction under climate-driven environmental perturbations. Results Under high pCO2 conditions, live rhodoliths exhibited positive physiological responses, i.e. increased photosynthetic activity, and no calcium carbonate biomass loss over time. Further, whereas the microbiome associated with live rhodoliths remained stable and resembled a healthy holobiont, the microbial community associated with the water column changed after exposure to elevated pCO2. Conclusions Our results suggest that a tightly regulated microbial-host interaction, as evidenced by the stability of the rhodolith microbiome recorded here under OA-like conditions, is important for host resilience to environmental stress. This study extends the scarce comprehension of microbes associated with rhodolith beds and their reaction to increased pCO2, providing a more comprehensive approach to OA studies by assessing the host holobiont. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5064-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle S Cavalcanti
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil. .,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Priya Shukla
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Megan Morris
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Bárbara Ribeiro
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Mariah Foley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Michael P Doane
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Matthew S Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | | | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil.
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22
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Noisette F, Hurd C. Abiotic and biotic interactions in the diffusive boundary layer of kelp blades create a potential refuge from ocean acidification. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Noisette
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Catriona Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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23
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Cornwall CE, Comeau S, McCulloch MT. Coralline algae elevate pH at the site of calcification under ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4245-4256. [PMID: 28370806 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae provide important ecosystem services but are susceptible to the impacts of ocean acidification. However, the mechanisms are uncertain, and the magnitude is species specific. Here, we assess whether species-specific responses to ocean acidification of coralline algae are related to differences in pH at the site of calcification within the calcifying fluid/medium (pHcf ) using δ11 B as a proxy. Declines in δ11 B for all three species are consistent with shifts in δ11 B expected if B(OH)4- was incorporated during precipitation. In particular, the δ11 B ratio in Amphiroa anceps was too low to allow for reasonable pHcf values if B(OH)3 rather than B(OH)4- was directly incorporated from the calcifying fluid. This points towards δ11 B being a reliable proxy for pHcf for coralline algal calcite and that if B(OH)3 is present in detectable proportions, it can be attributed to secondary postincorporation transformation of B(OH)4- . We thus show that pHcf is elevated during calcification and that the extent is species specific. The net calcification of two species of coralline algae (Sporolithon durum, and Amphiroa anceps) declined under elevated CO2 , as did their pHcf . Neogoniolithon sp. had the highest pHcf , and most constant calcification rates, with the decrease in pHcf being ¼ that of seawater pH in the treatments, demonstrating a control of coralline algae on carbonate chemistry at their site of calcification. The discovery that coralline algae upregulate pHcf under ocean acidification is physiologically important and should be included in future models involving calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Cornwall
- School of Earth Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Steeve Comeau
- School of Earth Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Malcolm T McCulloch
- School of Earth Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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