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Zeaiter L, Dabbous A, Baldini F, Pagano A, Bianchini P, Vergani L, Diaspro A. Unveiling nuclear chromatin distribution using IsoConcentraChromJ: A flourescence imaging plugin for IsoRegional and IsoVolumetric based ratios analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305809. [PMID: 38954704 PMCID: PMC11218964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin exhibits non-random distribution within the nucleus being arranged into discrete domains that are spatially organized throughout the nuclear space. Both the spatial distribution and structural rearrangement of chromatin domains in the nucleus depend on epigenetic modifications of DNA and/or histones and structural elements such as the nuclear envelope. These components collectively contribute to the organization and rearrangement of chromatin domains, thereby influencing genome architecture and functional regulation. This study develops an innovative, user-friendly, ImageJ-based plugin, called IsoConcentraChromJ, aimed quantitatively delineating the spatial distribution of chromatin regions in concentric patterns. The IsoConcentraChromJ can be applied to quantitative chromatin analysis in both two- and three-dimensional spaces. After DNA and histone staining with fluorescent probes, high-resolution images of nuclei have been obtained using advanced fluorescence microscopy approaches, including confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. IsoConcentraChromJ workflow comprises the following sequential steps: nucleus segmentation, thresholding, masking, normalization, and trisection with specified ratios for either 2D or 3D acquisitions. The effectiveness of the IsoConcentraChromJ has been validated and demonstrated using experimental datasets consisting in nuclei images of pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes, encompassing both 2D and 3D imaging. The outcomes allow to characterize the nuclear architecture by calculating the ratios between specific concentric nuclear areas/volumes of acetylated chromatin with respect to total acetylated chromatin and/or total DNA. The novel IsoConcentrapChromJ plugin could represent a valuable resource for researchers investigating the rearrangement of chromatin architecture driven by epigenetic mechanisms using nuclear images obtained by different fluorescence microscopy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Zeaiter
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ali Dabbous
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Vergani
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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Verma A, Arya R, Brahmachari V. Identification of a polycomb responsive region in human HoxA cluster and its long-range interaction with polycomb enriched genomic regions. Gene 2022; 845:146832. [PMID: 36007803 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins (PcG, TrxG) epigenetically regulate developmental genes. These proteins bind with specific DNA elements, the Polycomb Response Element (PRE). Apart from mutations in polycomb/ trithorax proteins, altered cis-elements like PRE underlie the modified function and thus disease etiology. PREs are well studied in Drosophila, while only a few human PREs have been reported. We have identified a polycomb responsive DNA element, hPRE-HoxA3, in the intron of the HoxA3 gene. The hPRE-HoxA3 represses luciferase reporter activity in a PcG-dependent manner. The endogenous hPRE-HoxA3 element recruits PcG proteins and is enriched with repressive H3K27me3 marks, demonstrating that hPRE-HoxA3 is a part of the PcG-dependent gene regulatory network. Furthermore, it interacts with D11-12, the well-known PRE in the human Hox cluster. hPRE-Hox3 is a part of the 3-dimensional chromosomal domain organization as it is involved in the long-range interaction with other PcG enriched regions of Hox A, B, C, and D clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Richa Arya
- Current address- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Genome information processing by the INO80 chromatin remodeler positions nucleosomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3231. [PMID: 34050142 PMCID: PMC8163841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental molecular determinants by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers organize nucleosomes across eukaryotic genomes remain largely elusive. Here, chromatin reconstitutions on physiological, whole-genome templates reveal how remodelers read and translate genomic information into nucleosome positions. Using the yeast genome and the multi-subunit INO80 remodeler as a paradigm, we identify DNA shape/mechanics encoded signature motifs as sufficient for nucleosome positioning and distinct from known DNA sequence preferences of histones. INO80 processes such information through an allosteric interplay between its core- and Arp8-modules that probes mechanical properties of nucleosomal and linker DNA. At promoters, INO80 integrates this readout of DNA shape/mechanics with a readout of co-evolved sequence motifs via interaction with general regulatory factors bound to these motifs. Our findings establish a molecular mechanism for robust and yet adjustable +1 nucleosome positioning and, more generally, remodelers as information processing hubs that enable active organization and allosteric regulation of the first level of chromatin. DNA sequence preferences or statistical positioning of histones has not explained genomic patterns of nucleosome organisation in vivo. Here, the authors establish DNA shape/mechanics as key elements that have evolved together with binding sites of DNA sequence-specific barriers so that such information directs nucleosome positioning by chromatin remodelers.
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AtINO80 represses photomorphogenesis by modulating nucleosome density and H2A.Z incorporation in light-related genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33679-33688. [PMID: 33318175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001976117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photomorphogenesis is a critical developmental process bridging light-regulated transcriptional reprogramming with morphological changes in organisms. Strikingly, the chromatin-based transcriptional control of photomorphogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor AtINO80 represses plant photomorphogenesis. Loss of AtINO80 inhibited hypocotyl cell elongation and caused anthocyanin accumulation. Both light-induced genes and dark-induced genes were affected in the atino80 mutant. Genome-wide occupancy of the H2A.Z histone variant and levels of histone H3 were reduced in atino80 In particular, AtINO80 bound the gene body of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), resulting in lower chromatin incorporations of H2A.Z and H3 at HY5 in atino80 Genetic analysis revealed that AtINO80 acts in a phytochrome B- and HY5-dependent manner in the regulation of photomorphogenesis. Together, our study elucidates a mechanism wherein AtINO80 modulates nucleosome density and H2A.Z incorporation and represses the transcription of light-related genes, such as HY5, to fine tune plant photomorphogenesis.
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Jain S, Maini J, Narang A, Maiti S, Brahmachari V. The regulatory function of dIno80 correlates with its DNA binding activity. Gene 2020; 732:144368. [PMID: 31954859 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The INO80 complex, including the Ino80 protein, forms a highly conserved canonical complex that remodels chromatin in the context of multiple cellular functions. The Drosophila homologue, dIno80, is involved in homeotic gene regulation during development as a canonical Pho-dIno80 complex. Previously, we found that dIno80 regulates homeotic genes by interacting with epigenetic regulators, such as polycomb and trithorax, suggesting the occurrence of non-canonical Ino80 complexes. Here using spectroscopic methods and gel retardation assays, we identified a set of consensus DNA sequences that DNA binding domain of dIno80 (DBINO) interacts with having differential affinity and high specificity. Testing these sequences in reporter assays, showed that this interaction can positively regulate transcription. These results suggest that, dIno80 has a sequence preference for interaction with DNA leading to transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Jain
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Jayant Maini
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ankita Narang
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Toyoda A, Kozaki T, Ishii K, Taniishi M, Hattori M, Matsuda H, Yoshida T. Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in orally tolerized T cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229042. [PMID: 32097442 PMCID: PMC7041840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell anergy is known to be a crucial mechanism for various types of immune tolerance, including oral tolerance. The expression of several anergy-specific genes was reportedly up-regulated in anergic T cells, and played important roles in the cells. However, how the genes were up-regulated has not been understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the altered gene expression and DNA methylation status in T cells tolerized by oral antigen in vivo. Our results showed that many genes were significantly up-regulated in the orally tolerized T cells, and most of the genes found in this study have not been reported previously as anergy related genes; for example, ribosomal protein L41 (FC = 3.54E06, p = 3.70E-09: Fisher's exact test; the same applies hereinafter) and CD52 (FC = 2.18E05, p = 3.44E-06). Furthermore, we showed that the DNA methylation statuses of many genes; for example, enoyl-coenzyme A delta isomerase 3 (FC = 3.62E-01, p = 3.01E-02) and leucine zipper protein 1 (FC = 4.80E-01, p = 3.25E-02), including the ones distinctly expressed in tolerized T cells; for example, latexin (FC = 3.85E03, p = 4.06E-02 for expression; FC = 7.75E-01, p = 4.13E-01 for DNA methylation) and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide F (FC = 3.12E04, p = 4.46E-04 for expression; FC = 8.56E-01, p = 5.15E-01 for DNA methylation), changed during tolerization, suggesting that the distinct expression of some genes was epigenetically regulated in the tolerized T cells. This study would contribute to providing a novel clue to the fine understanding of the mechanism for T cell anergy and oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Toyoda
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Momoka Taniishi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hattori
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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The role of NF-κB and miRNA in oral cancer and cancer stem cells with or without HPV16 infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205518. [PMID: 30372446 PMCID: PMC6205583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A small subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) present in almost all tumors is responsible for drug resistance and tumor recurrence. The role of NF-kB and miRNA in close association with essential risk factors, tobacco, alcohol and high risk HPV infection during oral carcinogenesis and its prognosis is not well understood. We have isolated cancer stem like SP cells from both HPV+/-ve oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and primary tumors, which formed orospheres, expressed stemness markers Oct4, Sox-2, CD133 and CD117. These cells showed differentially upregulated expression of NF-kB proteins and selective overexpression of viral oncogenes E6/E7 only in HPV16+ve cells which formed higher number of orospheres, overexpressed c-Rel and selectively activated p65 that heterodimerized with p50 to show higher DNA binding activity. Further, selective over expression of miR-21 and miR-155 and downregulation of miR-34a were demonstrated by HPV+ve CSCs which overexpress HPV16 oncogene E6 that is responsible for the maintenance of stemness. While, HPV-ve CSCs show exclusively p50 homodimeriztion, poor differentiation and worst prognosis, HPV infection induced participation of p65 along with deregulated expression of specific miRNAs led to well differentiation of tumors and better prognosis.
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Tabl AA, Alkhateeb A, Pham HQ, Rueda L, ElMaraghy W, Ngom A. A Novel Approach for Identifying Relevant Genes for Breast Cancer Survivability on Specific Therapies. Evol Bioinform Online 2018; 14:1176934318790266. [PMID: 30116102 PMCID: PMC6088467 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318790266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the genetic activity of breast cancer survival for a specific type of
therapy provides a better understanding of the body response to the treatment
and helps select the best course of action and while leading to the design of
drugs based on gene activity. In this work, we use supervised and nonsupervised
machine learning methods to deal with a multiclass classification problem in
which we label the samples based on the combination of the 5-year survivability
and treatment; we focus on hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. The
proposed nonsupervised hierarchical models are created to find the highest
separability between combinations of the classes. The supervised model consists
of a combination of feature selection techniques and efficient classifiers used
to find a potential set of biomarker genes specific to response to therapy. The
results show that different models achieve different performance scores with
accuracies ranging from 80.9% to 100%. We have investigated the roles of many
biomarkers through the literature and found that some of the discriminative
genes in the computational model such as ZC3H11A,
VAX2, MAF1, and ZFP91 are
related to breast cancer and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abou Tabl
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering (MAME), University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | - Huy Quang Pham
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Rueda
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Waguih ElMaraghy
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering (MAME), University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Alioune Ngom
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Jain S, Bhattacharyya K, Bakshi R, Narang A, Brahmachari V. Distinguishing between biochemical and cellular function: Are there peptide signatures for cellular function of proteins? Proteins 2017; 85:682-693. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Jain
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Kausik Bhattacharyya
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ankita Narang
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
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