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Buzzanca D, Botta C, Ferrocino I, Alessandria V, Houf K, Rantsiou K. Functional pangenome analysis reveals high virulence plasticity of Aliarcobacter butzleri and affinity to human mucus. Genomics 2021; 113:2065-2076. [PMID: 33961980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging pathogen that may cause enteritis in humans, however, the incidence of disease caused by this member of the Campylobacteriaceae family is still underestimated. Furthermore, little is known about the precise virulence mechanism and behavior during infection. Therefore, in the present study, through complementary use of comparative genomics and physiological tests on human gut models, we sought to elucidate the genetic background of a set of 32 A. butzleri strains of diverse origin and to explore the correlation with the ability to colonize and invade human intestinal cells in vitro. The simulated infection of human intestinal models showed a higher colonization rate in presence of mucus-producing cells. For some strains, human mucus significantly improved the resistance to physical removal from the in vitro mucosa, while short time-frame growth was even observed. Pangenome analysis highlighted a hypervariable accessory genome, not strictly correlated to the isolation source. Likewise, the strain phylogeny was unrelated to their shared origin, despite a certain degree of segregation was observed among strains isolated from different segments of the intestinal tract of pigs. The putative virulence genes detected in all strains were mostly encompassed in the accessory fraction of the pangenome. The LPS biosynthesis and in particular the chain glycosylation of the O-antigen is harbored in a region of high plasticity of the pangenome, which would indicate frequent horizontal gene transfer phenomena, as well as the involvement of this hypervariable structure in the adaptive behavior and sympatric evolution of A. butzleri. Results of the present study deepen the current knowledge on A. butzleri pangenome by extending the pool of genes regarded as virulence markers and provide bases to develop new diagnostic approaches for the detection of those strains with a higher virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Buzzanca
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Cristian Botta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Alessandria
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Kurt Houf
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy.
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Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Fusco V. Arcobacter butzleri: Up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of an emerging pathogen. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2071-2109. [PMID: 33337088 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia in humans and enteritis, stillbirth, and abortion in animals. Since its recognition as emerging pathogen on 2002, advancements have been made in elucidating its pathogenicity and epidemiology, also thanks to advent of genomics, which, moreover, contributed in emending its taxonomy. In this review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen. Moreover, the implication of A. butzleri in the safety of foods is pinpointed, and culture-dependent and independent detection, identification, and typing methods as well as strategies to control and prevent the survival and growth of this pathogen are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Fanelli F, Di Pinto A, Mottola A, Mule G, Chieffi D, Baruzzi F, Tantillo G, Fusco V. Genomic Characterization of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated From Shellfish: Novel Insight Into Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Determinants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:670. [PMID: 31057492 PMCID: PMC6477937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter (A.) butzleri is an emerging pathogenic microorganism, whose taxonomy has been recently suggested to be emended to the Aliarcobacter (Al.) butzleri comb. nov. Despite extensive taxonomic analysis, only few fragmented studies have investigated the occurrence and the prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants of this species in strains isolated from shellfish. Herein we report for the first time the whole genome sequencing and genomic characterization of two A. butzleri strains isolated from shellfish, with particular reference to the antibiotic, heavy metals and virulence determinants. This study supported the taxonomic assignment of these strains to the Al. butzleri species, and allowed us to identify antibiotic and metal resistance along with virulence determinants, also additional to those previously reported for the only two A. butzleri strains from different environments genomically characterized. Moreover, both strains showed resistance to β-lactams, vanocomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin and susceptibility to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. Beside enlarging the availability of genomic data to perform comparative studies aimed at correlating phenotypic differences associated with ecological niche and geographic distribution with the genetic diversity of A. butzleri spp., this study reports the endowment of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance and virulence determinants of these shellfish-isolated strains. This leads to hypothesize a relatively high virulence of A. butzleri isolated from shellfish and prompt the need for a wider genomic analysis and for in vitro and in vivo studies of more strains isolated from this and other ecological niches, to unravel the mechanism of pathogenicity of this species, and the potential risk associated to their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mottola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mule
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (CNR-IBIOM), National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Baruzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tantillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
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Ferreira S, Oleastro M, Domingues F. Current insights on Arcobacter butzleri in food chain. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramees TP, Dhama K, Karthik K, Rathore RS, Kumar A, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Singh RK. Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2017; 37:136-161. [PMID: 28438095 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1323355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyam Puram Ramees
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- c Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Ramswaroop Singh Rathore
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- d Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- e Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- f ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
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Heimesaat MM, Grundmann U, Alutis ME, Fischer A, Bereswill S. Small Intestinal Pro-Inflammatory Immune Responses Following Campylobacter Jejuni Infection of Secondary Abiotic IL-10 -/- Mice Lacking Nucleotide-Oligomerization-Domain-2. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2017; 7:138-145. [PMID: 28690881 PMCID: PMC5495086 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Host immune responses are crucial for combating enteropathogenic infections including Campylobacter jejuni. Within 1 week following peroral C. jejuni infection, secondary abiotic IL-10–/– mice develop severe immunopathological sequelae affecting the colon (ulcerative enterocolitis). In the present study, we addressed whether pathogen-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses could also be observed in the small intestines dependent on the innate receptor nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-protein 2 (Nod2). Within 7 days following peroral infection, C. jejuni stably colonized the gastrointestinal tract of both IL-10–/– mice lacking Nod2 (Nod2–/– IL-10–/–) and IL-10–/– controls displaying bloody diarrhea with similar frequencies. Numbers of apoptotic and regenerating epithelial cells increased in the small intestines of C. jejuni-infected mice of either genotype that were accompanied by elevated ileal T and B lymphocyte counts. Notably, ileal T cell numbers were higher in C. jejuni-infected Nod2–/– IL-10–/– as compared to IL-10–/– counterparts. Furthermore, multifold increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF, and MCP-1 could be measured in small intestinal ex vivo biopsies derived from C. jejuni-infected mice of either genotype. In conclusion, C. jejuni-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses affected the small intestines of both Nod2–/– IL-10–/– and IL-10–/– mice, whereas ileal T lymphocyte numbers were even higher in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Grundmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie E Alutis
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ekmekciu I, Fiebiger U, Stingl K, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Amelioration of intestinal and systemic sequelae of murine Campylobacter jejuni infection by probiotic VSL#3 treatment. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:17. [PMID: 28413453 PMCID: PMC5387377 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of human Campylobacter jejuni infections is progressively increasing worldwide. Probiotic compounds might open up valuable tools to decrease pathogen burden and subsequent pro-inflammatory immune responses, but in vivo data are scarce. Methods and results Secondary abiotic mice generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment were perorally challenged with the commercial probiotic compound VSL#3 consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) either 5 days before (i.e. prophylactic regimen) or after (i.e. therapeutic regimen) peroral C. jejuni strain 81–176 infection, and analyzed 3 weeks following the initial bacterial re-association. Upon challenge, mice were colonized with the probiotic bacteria and/or C. jejuni at comparable intestinal loads, but co-colonization did not result in reduction of the pathogen burden. Remarkably, prophylactic as well as therapeutic VSL#3 treatment of C. jejuni infected mice ameliorated intestinal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory immune responses as indicated by lower numbers of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in the murine colon upon probiotic prophylaxis or treatment and reduced colonic concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6 and MCP-1. Importantly, concentrations of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 were significantly elevated in the colon of probiotics treated mice as compared to untreated controls. Strikingly, prophylactic VSL#3 treatment attenuated C. jejuni induced systemic pro-inflammatory responses as indicated by less TNF and IL-12p70 secretion in the spleen of VSL#3 pre-treated as compared to non-treated mice. Conclusion Administration of probiotic formulations such as VSL#3 might open up valuable strategies for prophylaxis and/or treatment of C. jejuni induced intestinal and systemic sequelae in vivo by the suppression of pro-inflammatory and induction of anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Ekmekciu
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, CC5, Campus Benjamin Franklin, FEM, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fiebiger
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, CC5, Campus Benjamin Franklin, FEM, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, CC5, Campus Benjamin Franklin, FEM, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, CC5, Campus Benjamin Franklin, FEM, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Oliveira MGX, Pressinotti LN, Carvalho GS, Oliveira MCV, Moreno LZ, Matajira CEC, Bergamo AS, Aleixo VM, Veiga AC, de Souza Corsino E, Christ APG, Sato MIZ, Moreno AM, Knöbl T. Arcobacter spp. in fecal samples from Brazilian farmed caimans (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802). Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:777-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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