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Wei X, Yuan Y, Li M, Li Z, Wang X, Cheng H, Liu X, Hao J, Jin T. Nicotine aggravates pancreatic fibrosis in mice with chronic pancreatitis via mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-69. [PMID: 38686042 PMCID: PMC11057042 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis (CP), along with its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS This was an in vivo and in vitro study. In vitro, PSCs were cultured to study the effects of nicotine on their activation and oxidative stress. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify potential signaling pathways involved in nicotine action. And the impact of nicotine on mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and Ca2+ transport-related proteins in PSCs was analyzed. The changes in nicotine effects were observed after the knockdown of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in PSCs. In vivo experiments were conducted using a mouse model of CP to assess the effects of nicotine on pancreatic fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice. The alterations in nicotine effects were observed after treatment with the MCU inhibitor Ru360. RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrated that nicotine promoted PSCs activation, characterized by increased cell proliferation, elevated α-SMA and collagen expression. Nicotine also increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular malondialdehyde (MDA), exacerbating oxidative stress damage. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that nicotine may exert its effects through the calcium signaling pathway, and it was verified that nicotine elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and upregulated MCU expression. Knockdown of MCU reversed the effects of nicotine on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, improved mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and structural dysfunction, thereby alleviating the activation of PSCs. In vivo validation experiments showed that nicotine significantly aggravated pancreatic fibrosis in CP mice, promoted PSCs activation, exacerbated pancreatic tissue oxidative stress, and increased MCU expression. However, treatment with Ru360 significantly mitigated these effects. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that nicotine upregulates the expression of MCU, leading to mitochondrial calcium overload and exacerbating oxidative stress in PSCs, and ultimately promoting PSCs activation and exacerbating pancreatic fibrosis in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kong F, Pan Y, Wu D. Activation and Regulation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Chronic Pancreatic Fibrosis: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38255213 PMCID: PMC10813475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the complex progression of fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) emerge as central figures. These cells, initially in a dormant state characterized by the storage of vitamin A lipid droplets within the chronic pancreatitis microenvironment, undergo a profound transformation into an activated state, typified by the secretion of an abundant extracellular matrix, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This review delves into the myriad factors that trigger PSC activation within the context of chronic pancreatitis. These factors encompass alcohol, cigarette smoke, hyperglycemia, mechanical stress, acinar cell injury, and inflammatory cells, with a focus on elucidating their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the regulatory factors that play significant roles during PSC activation, such as TGF-β, CTGF, IL-10, PDGF, among others. The investigation into these regulatory factors and pathways involved in PSC activation holds promise in identifying potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. We provide a summary of recent research findings pertaining to the modulation of PSC activation, covering essential genes and innovative regulatory mediators designed to counteract PSC activation. We anticipate that this research will stimulate further insights into PSC activation and the mechanisms of pancreatic fibrosis, ultimately leading to the discovery of groundbreaking therapies targeting cellular and molecular responses within these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yingyu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Yuan J, Wang Y, Wang D, Yan H, Wang N. Loxenatide attenuates ROS-mediated vascular endothelial progenitor cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT3/Foxo3 signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23452. [PMID: 37417536 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), becomes a main public health issue worldwide due to the rapid increase in DM patient numbers. The dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in DM patients plays a critical role in endothelial repair and the progression of DM-related vascular complications. Loxenatide is an a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, which is used to control glycemic in type 2 diabetes patients. However, the role of Loxenatide in EPCs remains to be investigated. EPCs were isolated, characterized, and treated with Loxenatide, high-glucose, or 3-TYP. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, western blot, and cell counting kit-8 assay were employed to validate the expression of gene and protein expressions and cell viability, respectively. Application of Seahorse XFp to measure oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured by Seahorse XFp and MMP assay. Loxenatide attenuated high-glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis of EPCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The EPC mitochondrial respiration dysfunction induced by high glucose was also repressed by the loxenatide treatment. The protection effect of Loxenatide on EPCs against high-glucose was applied by activating the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/Foxo3 signaling pathway. We demonstrated the regulatory role of Loxenatide in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of EPCs. We elucidated that Loxenatide protects EPC from high-glucose-induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway through the SIRT3/Foxo3 signing pathway. This may provide a new therapeutical target for the treatment of DM-related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Markelic M, Stancic A, Saksida T, Grigorov I, Micanovic D, Velickovic K, Martinovic V, Savic N, Gudelj A, Otasevic V. Defining the ferroptotic phenotype of beta cells in type 1 diabetes and its inhibition as a potential antidiabetic strategy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1227498. [PMID: 37600723 PMCID: PMC10437050 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1227498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, the involvement of ferroptotic cell death in the reduction of β-cell mass in diabetes has been demonstrated. To elucidate the mechanisms of β-cell ferroptosis and potential antidiabetic effects of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in vivo, a mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) was used. Methods Animals were divided into three groups: control (vehicle-treated), diabetic (streptozotocin-treated, 40 mg/kg, from days 1-5), and diabetic treated with Fer-1 (1 mg/kg, from days 1-21). On day 22, glycemia and insulinemia were measured and pancreases were isolated for microscopic analyses. Results Diabetes disturbed general parameters of β-cell mass (islet size, β-cell abundance and distribution) and health (insulin and PDX-1 expression), increased lipid peroxidation in islet cells, and phagocytic removal of iron-containing material. It also downregulated the main players of the antiferroptotic pathway - Nrf2, GPX4, and xCT. In contrast, Fer-1 ameliorated the signs of deterioration of β-cell/islets, decreased lipid peroxidation, and reduced phagocytic activity, while upregulated expression of Nrf2 (and its nuclear translocation), GPX4, and xCT in β-cell/islets. Discussion Overall, our study confirms ferroptosis as an important mode of β-cell death in T1D and suggests antiferroptotic agents as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markelic
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilijana Grigorov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Micanovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Velickovic
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Martinovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Savic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelija Gudelj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mahmoud MF, Elmaghraby AM, Ali N, Mostafa I, El-Shazly AM, Abdelfattah MA, Sobeh M. Black pepper oil (Piper nigrum L.) mitigates dexamethasone induced pancreatic damage via modulation of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113456. [PMID: 36076569 PMCID: PMC9350854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone acts as an immunosuppressive drug and has been used recently in the management of specific coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, various adverse effects could limit its use. In this work, we studied the mitigation effects of black pepper oil (BP oil) on glycemic parameters, dyslipidemia, oxidative and nitrosative stress and pancreatic fibrosis in dexamethasone-treated rats. Animals were divided into five groups that were treated with vehicle, dexamethasone (10 mg/kg, SC) or black pepper oil (BP oil, 0.5 mL, or 1 mL/kg) or metformin (50 mg/kg) plus dexamethasone for 4 consecutive days. Serum insulin, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were higher in the dexamethasone group vs the control group and decreased in BP oil and metformin groups relative to the dexamethasone group. Pancreatic nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase and malondialdehyde levels were increased in the dexamethasone group vs the control group and decreased in BP oil and metformin groups relative to the dexamethasone group. Pancreatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduced glutathione were declined in the dexamethasone group vs the control group. They were increased in BP oil and metformin groups relative to the dexamethasone group. Moreover, the pancreatic islets diameter and collagen deposition were assessed and found to be higher in the dexamethasone group vs the control group. BP oil and metformin groups showed to regress this effect. In conclusion, BP oil may alleviate hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and pancreatic structural derangements and fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, increasing endogenous antioxidant levels, modulating nitric oxide signaling, preventing pancreatic stellate cells transition and collagen deposition.
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Li M, Yuan Y, Han X, Liu X, Zhang W, Hao J. Antioxidant Mitoquinone Alleviates Chronic Pancreatitis via Anti-Fibrotic and Antioxidant Effects. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4409-4420. [PMID: 35945990 PMCID: PMC9357395 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s357394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a long-term inflammatory disease of the pancreas that can be caused by various pathogenic factors. Oxidative stress (OS), which is associated with several pancreatic diseases, can induce pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation, leading to pancreatic fibrosis. Given the inefficacy of existing treatments for CP, in this study, our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the antioxidant, mitoquinone (MitoQ). Methods First, in vivo, we established a CP mouse model via the repeated injection of cerulein. Mice in the MitoQ group simultaneously received MitoQ daily. After 4 weeks of cerulein injection, pancreatic tissues from mice were evaluated by morphological changes and the expression of fibrosis markers. Further, OS in the collected pancreatic tissue samples was evaluated by determining the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the expression levels and activities of antioxidants. Furthermore, in vitro, the effect of MitoQ on human PSCs (hPSCs) was evaluated based on PSC activation markers and fibrotic phenotypes, and OS in these treated hPSCs was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA, and antioxidant levels. Results In vivo, MitoQ alleviated pancreatic fibrosis and inhibited OS in the cerulein-induced murine CP model. In vitro, it inhibited PSC activation as well as the subsequent development of the profibrogenic phenotypes by balancing out the levels of free radicals and the intracellular antioxidant system. Conclusion MitoQ is a potential candidate for CP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Weizhen Zhang, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Email
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianyu Hao, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Workers Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, Email
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7
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Mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of pancreatic stellate cells by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105436. [PMID: 35842057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the main ingredients of cigarettes, promotes activation of pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs) and exacerbates pancreatic fibrosis in previous studies. Here we focus on the inner relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics to explore the possible mechanism. Primary human PSCs were stimulated by nicotine. The effect of nicotine on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics was analyzed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology was observed. Antioxidant and small interfering RNA transfection were applied to explore the interrelationship between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, as well as its effect on PSCs activation. Nicotine exposure significantly increased Intracellular and mitochondrial ROS of hPSCs and promoted mitochondrial fission by upregulating dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1). Knockdown Drp1 reversed mitochondrial fragmentation and hPSCs activation that promoted by nicotine, but fail to alleviate oxidative stress. A mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant could reverse all the above changes. Our finding suggests that mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of PSCs by inducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, provides a new perspective on the possible mechanism by which nicotine affects PSCs, and reveals a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Discrepancy between the Actions of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Ligands in the Protection of the Heart against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060720. [PMID: 35745639 PMCID: PMC9228343 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist and a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 is an incretin hormone with therapeutic potential beyond type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptdyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) to GLP-1 (9-36). Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonist which, when truncated to Ex-4 (9-39), acts as a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In the present study, hearts isolated from Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were perfused with a modified Langendorff preparation. Left ventricular (LV) contractility and cardiovascular hemodynamics were evaluated by a data acquisition program and infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiac enzyme levels. Hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 30 min reperfusion. Hearts were treated during reperfusion with either the non-lipidated precursor of tirzepatide (NLT), GLP-1, GLP-1 (9-36), or Ex-4 in the presence or absence of Ex-4 (9-39). Infusion of GLP-1 (9-36) or Ex-4 protected the heart against I/R injury (p > 0.01) by normalizing cardiac hemodynamic and enzyme levels. Neither GLP-1, NLT, nor Ex-4 (9-39) showed any protection. Interestingly, Ex-4 (9-39) blocked Ex-4-mediated protection but not that of GLP-1 (9-36). These data suggest that Ex-4-mediated protection is GLP-1-receptor-dependent but GLP-1 (9-36)-mediated protection is not.
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Zhang J, Bai J, Zhou Q, Hu Y, Wang Q, Yang L, Chen H, An H, Zhou C, Wang Y, Chen X, Li M. Glutathione prevents high glucose-induced pancreatic fibrosis by suppressing pancreatic stellate cell activation via the ROS/TGFβ/SMAD pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:440. [PMID: 35523788 PMCID: PMC9076672 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) is the key mechanism of pancreatic fibrosis, which can lead to β-cell failure. Oxidative stress is an important risk factor for PSC activation. There is no direct evidence proving if administration of glutathione can inhibit fibrosis and β-cell failure. To explore the role of glutathione in pancreatic fibrosis and β-cell failure induced by hyperglycaemia, we established a rat model of pancreatic fibrosis and β-cell failure. The model was founded through long-term oscillating glucose (LOsG) intake and the setup of a sham group and a glutathione intervention group. In vitro, rat PSCs were treated with low glucose, high glucose, or high glucose plus glutathione to explore the mechanism of high glucose-induced PSC activation and the downstream effects of glutathione. Compared with sham rats, LOsG-treated rats had higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in peripheral leukocytes and pancreatic tissue while TGFβ signalling was upregulated. In addition, as the number of PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis increased, β-cell function was significantly impaired. Glutathione evidently inhibited the upregulation of TGFβ signalling and several unfavourable outcomes caused by LOsG. In vitro treatment of high glucose for 72 h resulted in higher ROS accumulation and potentiated TGFβ pathway activation in PSCs. PSCs showed myofibroblast phenotype transformation with upregulation of α-SMA expression and increased cell proliferation and migration. Treatment with either glutathione or TGFβ pathway inhibitors alleviated these changes. Together, our findings suggest that glutathione can inhibit PSC activation-induced pancreatic fibrosis via blocking ROS/TGFβ/SMAD signalling in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitai Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan Bai
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanting Yang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huamin Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui An
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanzan Zhou
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongyu Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ferdek PE, Krzysztofik D, Stopa KB, Kusiak AA, Paw M, Wnuk D, Jakubowska MA. When healing turns into killing ‐ the pathophysiology of pancreatic and hepatic fibrosis. J Physiol 2022; 600:2579-2612. [DOI: 10.1113/jp281135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel E. Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Daria Krzysztofik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga B. Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kusiak
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
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Busa P, Kuthati Y, Huang N, Wong CS. New Advances on Pathophysiology of Diabetes Neuropathy and Pain Management: Potential Role of Melatonin and DPP-4 Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864088. [PMID: 35496279 PMCID: PMC9039240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-diabetes and diabetes are growing threats to the modern world. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with comorbidities such as hypertension (83.40%), obesity (90.49%), and dyslipidemia (93.43%), creating a substantial burden on patients and society. Reductive and oxidative (Redox) stress level imbalance and inflammation play an important role in DM progression. Various therapeutics have been investigated to treat these neuronal complications. Melatonin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) are known to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have garnered significant attention in the recent years. In this present review article, we have reviewed the recently published reports on the therapeutic efficiency of melatonin and DPP-4i in the treatment of DM. We summarized the efficacy of melatonin and DPP-4i in DM and associated complications of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) and neuropathic pain. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanisms of action and their efficacy in the alleviation of oxidative stress in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niancih Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Grauate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Grauate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Shung Wong,
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu T, Chen T, Wang D, Tang D. Heterogeneous Pancreatic Stellate Cells Are Powerful Contributors to the Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:783617. [PMID: 34988078 PMCID: PMC8722736 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.783617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with highly malignant tumors and poor prognosis due to strong therapeutic resistance. Accumulating evidence shows that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, the rapid development of single-cell sequencing technology has facilitated the analysis of PSC population heterogeneity, allowing for the elucidation of the relationship between different subsets of cells with tumor development and therapeutic resistance. Researchers have identified two spatially separated, functionally complementary, and reversible subtypes, namely myofibroblastic and inflammatory PSC. Myofibroblastic PSC produce large amounts of pro-fibroproliferative collagen fibers, whereas inflammatory PSC express large amounts of inflammatory cytokines. These distinct cell subtypes cooperate to create a microenvironment suitable for cancer cell survival. Therefore, further understanding of the differentiation of PSC and their distinct functions will provide insight into more effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Tang,
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13
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The marine compound and elongation factor 1A1 inhibitor, didemnin B, provides benefit in western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105208. [PMID: 32977024 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) with the marine compound didemnin B decreases lipotoxic HepG2 cell death in vitro and improves early stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in young genetically obese mice. However, the effects of didemnin B on NAFLD in a model of long-term diet-induced obesity are not known. We investigated the effects of didemnin B on NAFLD severity and metabolic parameters in western diet-induced obese mice, and on the cell types that contribute to liver inflammation and fibrosis in vitro. Male 129S6 mice were fed either standard chow or western diet for 26 weeks, followed by intervention with didemnin B (50 μg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once every 3 days for 14 days. Didemnin B decreased liver and plasma triglycerides, improved oral glucose tolerance, and decreased NAFLD severity. Moreover, didemnin B moderately increased hepatic expression of genes involved in ER stress response (Perk, Chop), and fatty acid oxidation (Fgf21, Cpt1a). In vitro, didemnin B decreased THP-1 monocyte proliferation, disrupted THP-1 monocyte-macrophage differentiation, decreased THP-1 macrophage IL-1β secretion, and decreased hepatic stellate cell (HSteC) proliferation and collagen secretion under both basal and lipotoxic (high fatty acid) conditions. Thus, didemnin B improves hepatic steatosis, glucose tolerance, and blood lipids in obesity, in association with moderate, possibly hormetic, upregulation of pathways involved in cell stress response and energy balance in the liver. Furthermore, it decreases the activity of the cell types implicated in liver inflammation and fibrosis in vitro. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of partial protein synthesis inhibition in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Tao J, Xia LZ, Chen JJ, Zeng JF, Meng J, Wu S, Wang Z. High glucose condition inhibits trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion by downregulating placental growth factor expression. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1690-1701. [PMID: 32512641 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect of high glucose (HG) level on the proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblasts and determine the role of placental growth factor (PLGF) in the process. METHODS HTR8-S/Vneo was treated with different concentrations of d-glucose (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 μM) at different times (0, 6, 12 and 24 h). qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to measure PLGF expression. The protein level of PLGF was measured by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8 analysis. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Intercellular ROS was detected with DCFH-DA. RESULTS After d-glucose treatment, the viability decreased in 25 and 30 μM groups. The HG group (25 μM) showed inhibited cell migration and invasion ability. The mRNA and protein levels of PLGF decreased under HG condition. Elevated ROS production was also detected in the HG group. Knocked-down PLGF expression enhanced increased ROS production and decreased cell migration and invasion, which reverted to the original levels after PLGF was overexpressed. CONCLUSION High glucose treatment inhibited HTR8-S/Vneo viability, migration and invasion by downregulating PLGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lin-Zhen Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun-Fa Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Functional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - ShiYuan Wu
- YueYang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Yueyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Shi Y, Zou Y, Shen Z, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2612. [PMID: 32283758 PMCID: PMC7177711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of MetS. Among these, trace elements influence the structure of proteins, enzymes, and complex carbohydrates, and thus an imbalance in trace elements is an independent risk factor for MetS. The molecular link between trace elements and metabolic homeostasis has been established, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have appeared as key regulators bridging these two elements. This is because on one hand, PPARs are actively involved in various metabolic processes, such as abdominal adiposity and insulin sensitivity, and on the other hand, PPARs sensitively respond to changes in trace elements. For example, an iron overload attenuates hepatic mRNA expression of Ppar-α; zinc supplementation is considered to recover the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α, which is impaired in steatotic mouse liver; selenium administration downregulates mRNA expression of Ppar-γ, thereby improving lipid metabolism and oxidative status in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. More importantly, PPARs' expression and activity are under the control of the circadian clock and show a robust 24 h rhythmicity, which might be the reasons for the side effects and the clinical limitations of trace elements targeting PPARs. Taken together, understanding the casual relationships among trace elements, PPARs' actions, and the pathogenesis of MetS is of great importance. Further studies are required to explore the chronopharmacological effects of trace elements on the diurnal oscillation of PPARs and the consequent development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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16
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Yang Y, Kim J, Park H, Lee E, Yoon K. Pancreatic stellate cells in the islets as a novel target to preserve the pancreatic β-cell mass and function. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:268-280. [PMID: 31872946 PMCID: PMC7078117 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous lines of clinical evidence that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can prevent and delay the development of diabetes. Also, the role of RAS in the pathogenesis of diabetes, including insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, has been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, this role had not yet been fully shown. A variety of possible protective mechanisms for RAS blockers in the regulation of glucose homeostasis have been suggested. However, the direct effect on pancreatic islet fibrosis has only recently been spotlighted. Various degrees of islet fibrosis are often observed in the islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can be associated with a decrease in β-cell mass and function in these patients. Pancreatic stellate cells are thought to be deeply involved in this islet fibrosis. In this process, the activation of RAS in islets is shown to transform quiescent pancreatic stellate cells into the activated form, stimulates their proliferation and consequently leads to islet fibrotic destruction. In this article, we introduce existing clinical and experimental evidence for diabetes prevention through inhibition of RAS, and review the responsible local RAS signaling pathways in pancreatic stellate cells. Finally, we propose possible targets for the prevention of islet fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoree Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Ji‐Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Heon‐Seok Park
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Kun‐Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
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Fang S, Cai Y, Li P, Wu C, Zou S, Zhang Y, Lin X, Guan M. [Exendin-4 alleviates oxidative stress and liver fibrosis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:464-470. [PMID: 31068291 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of exendin-4 on hepatic lipid metabolism, fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and received intraperitoneal injections of 120 mg/kg STZ to induce diabetes. After successful modeling, the mice were randomized into diabetic control group and exendin-4 treatment group (DM+E4), and in the latter group, the mice were given a daily dose of 1 nmol/kg of exendin-4 for 8 weeks. The changes in the body weight (BW) and random blood glucose (RBG) in the mice were recorded. The mRNA expressions of the genes related with liver lipid metabolism, fibrosis and oxidative stress were analyzed using RT-PCR, and the structural changes of the liver tissues were observed with HE, Sirius red and oil red O staining; the expressions of TGF-β1, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the liver tissues were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The diabetic mice showed significantly higher RBG levels and BW with obvious lipid deposition, fibrosis and oxidative stress in the liver as compared with the normal control mice (P < 0.001). Exendin-4 treatment of the diabetic mice did not significantly lessened liver lipid deposition but obviously reduced the levels of RBG and TG (P < 0.05), lowered the expression levels of liver fibrosis-related genes TGF-β, α-SMA and Col-Ⅰ (P < 0.05), increased the expression levels of the antioxidant genes Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4 (P < 0.01), and enhanced the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver tissues (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Exendin-4 improves liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in diabetic mice by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway without significantly reducing liver lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaozhou Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meiping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Xue R, Wang J, Yang L, Liu X, Gao Y, Pang Y, Wang Y, Hao J. Coenzyme Q10 Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis via the ROS-Triggered mTOR Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8039694. [PMID: 30881598 PMCID: PMC6383547 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8039694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in pancreatic fibrosis. Any remedies that inhibit the activation of PSCs can be potential candidates for therapeutic strategies in pancreatic fibrosis-related pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Our study is aimed at exploring the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against pancreatic fibrosis. METHODS Pancreatic fibrosis was induced by 20% L-arginine (250 mg/100 g) at 1 h intervals twice per week for 8 weeks in C57BL/6 mice. CoQ10 was administered for 4 weeks. Isolated primary PSCs from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 100 μM CoQ10 for 72 h, as well as Rosup and specific inhibitors. The effects of CoQ10 on the activation of PSCs, autophagy, collagen deposition, histological changes, and oxidative stress were analyzed by western blotting, biochemical estimations, immunofluorescence staining, and hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Sirius red staining, as well as with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. RESULTS Pretreatment and posttreatment of CoQ10 decreased autophagy, activation of PSCs, oxidative stress, histological changes, and collagen deposition in the CP mouse model. In primary PSCs, expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were upregulated with CoQ10. A rescue experiment using specific inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway was the underlying mechanism by which CoQ10 ameliorated fibrosis. With the addition of Rosup, expression levels of the autophagy biomarkers LC3 and Atg5 were elevated. Meanwhile, the levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were lower. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that CoQ10 alleviates pancreatic fibrosis by the ROS-triggered PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CoQ10 may be a therapeutic candidate for antifibrotic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanhua Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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19
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Ding W, Chang WG, Guo XC, Liu Y, Xiao DD, Ding D, Wang JX, Zhang XJ. Exenatide Protects Against Cardiac Dysfunction by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in the Diabetic Mouse Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:202. [PMID: 31024445 PMCID: PMC6459897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients with diabetes. Current treatment strategies for diabetes rely on lifestyle changes and glucose control to prevent angiopathy and organ failure. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is used as an add-on therapy to insulin treatment. Exenatide also has multiple beneficial effects in addition to its hypoglycemic effects, such as preventing hepatic steatosis and protecting against cardiac injury from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity or ischemic reperfusion. However, the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of exenatide in diabetes have not been fully clarified. To address this issue, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of exenatide in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. We found that exenatide simultaneously attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) production through increases in the antioxidant enzymes manganese dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase. Moreover, exenatide decreased tumor protein P53 (p53) expression and prevented cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The presence of the catalase inhibitor 3-AT attenuated the effects of exenatide. Overall, the results strongly indicate that exenatide treatment may be protective against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-guang Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-ci Guo
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan-dan Xiao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-xun Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-xun Wang
| | - Xue-juan Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Xue-juan Zhang
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Sánchez-Santos A, Martínez-Hernández MG, Contreras-Ramos A, Ortega-Camarillo C, Baiza-Gutman LA. Hyperglycemia-induced mouse trophoblast spreading is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:303-315. [PMID: 29392783 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During embryo implantation, the outer layer of the blastocyst interacts with the endometrium giving rise to the development of the trophoblast cell lineage. The cells in this lineage participate in the penetration of endometrium due to their motility and invasive properties. The mechanisms that regulate the differentiation and invasive ability of these cells are essential for the establishment and maintenance of an efficient exchange between maternal and fetal tissues during pregnancy. In this context, hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress causing alterations in the placenta. This study evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the actions of high glucose concentration (HG) on trophoblast spreading and the expression of extracellular proteases in cultured mouse conceptuses. Blastocysts from gestational day 4 (GD4) were cultured until GD7 in HAM-F10 medium and further treated for 48 hr with HG (25 mM glucose) from GD7 to GD9. This treatment induced larger trophoblast outgrowths and increased ROS concentration, which was associated with increased expression levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). These effects were prevented by treatment with the non-specific antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Our data suggest that the HG-induced trophoblast spreading and the expression of PLAU, PAI-1, and MMP-9 were mediated by the production of ROS via NADPH oxidase activity. Our results shed light on placental alterations in gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sánchez-Santos
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. Ciudad de México, México
| | - María G Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Ramos
- Departamento de Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México DF, México
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México DF, México
| | - Luis A Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. Ciudad de México, México
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21
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Kheder MH, Bailey SR, Dudley KJ, Sillence MN, de Laat MA. Equine glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor physiology. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4316. [PMID: 29404215 PMCID: PMC5793710 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is associated with insulin dysregulation, which often manifests as post-prandial hyperinsulinemia. Circulating concentrations of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) correlate with an increased insulin response to carbohydrate intake in animals with EMS. However, little is known about the equine GLP-1 receptor (eGLP-1R), or whether GLP-1 concentrations can be manipulated. The objectives were to determine (1) the tissue localisation of the eGLP-1R, (2) the GLP-1 secretory capacity of equine intestine in response to glucose and (3) whether GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets can be attenuated. Methods Archived and abattoir-sourced tissues from healthy horses were used. Reverse transcriptase PCR was used to determine the tissue distribution of the eGLP-1R gene, with immunohistochemical confirmation of its pancreatic location. The GLP-1 secretion from intestinal explants in response to 4 and 12 mM glucose was quantified in vitro. Pancreatic islets were freshly isolated to assess the insulin secretory response to GLP-1 agonism and antagonism in vitro, using concentration-response experiments. Results The eGLP-1R gene is widely distributed in horses (pancreas, heart, liver, kidney, duodenum, digital lamellae, tongue and gluteal skeletal muscle). Within the pancreas the eGLP-1R was immunolocalised to the pancreatic islets. Insulin secretion from pancreatic islets was concentration-dependent with human GLP-1, but not the synthetic analogue exendin-4. The GLP-1R antagonist exendin 9-39 (1 nM) reduced (P = 0.08) insulin secretion by 27%. Discussion The distribution of the eGLP-1R across a range of tissues indicates that it may have functions beyond insulin release. The ability to reduce insulin secretion, and therefore hyperinsulinemia, through eGLP-1R antagonism is a promising and novel approach to managing equine insulin dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad H Kheder
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon R Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J Dudley
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin N Sillence
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melody A de Laat
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Xue R, Yang J, Wu J, Meng Q, Hao J. Coenzyme Q10 inhibits the activation of pancreatic stellate cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92300-92311. [PMID: 29190916 PMCID: PMC5696182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have a vital role in pancreatic fibrosis accompanied by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Any agents which can affect the activation of PSCs could become potential candidates for treatment strategies in PDAC and CP. Our aim was to explore the effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the process of PSCs activation. Methods Isolated PSCs from C57BL/6 mice were treated with various dosages of CoQ10 (1, 10, and 100μM) and different time (24h, 48h, and 72 h). Effect of CoQ10 on autophagy, apoptosis, senescence and oxidative stress, as well as the activation of PSCs were analyzed by immunocytofluorescent staining, quantitative real time RT-PCR, western blotting, SA-β-galactosidase staining, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. Results Expression of α-smooth muscle actin, LC3II, Beclin1, Cleaved caspases-3 and Bax levels were significantly reduced in CoQ10 treatment groups. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, significant differences for the expression of desmin, P62, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR levels in CoQ10 treatment groups were found. Moreover, CoQ10 affected the secretion of extracellular matrix components for PSCs. Few SA-β-gal positive cells were found in CoQ10 treated groups. A significant decrease in ROS positive cells and malondialdehyde levels were observed after 72 h exposure to CoQ10. Conclusions Our finding suggests that CoQ10 inhibits the activation of PSCs by suppressing autophagy through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CoQ10 may act as a therapeutic agent in PSC-relating pathologies and/or anti-fibrotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an integral role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. With the developing knowledge of this important cell type, we are at the cusp of developing effective therapies for the above diseases based upon targeting the PSC and modulating its function. RECENT FINDINGS The major themes of the recent PSC literature include: PSC interactions with the extracellular matrix and other stromal components; intracellular calcium physiology as drivers of mechanical interactions and necrosis; the relationship between proinflammatory, protumoural, angiogenic, and metabolic pathways in pancreatic necrosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis; and targeting of the stroma for antitumoural and antifibrotic effects. SUMMARY Traditionally, there have been few treatment options for pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The elucidation of the wide-ranging functions of PSCs provide an opportunity for treatments based on stromal reprogramming.
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