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Balta V, Đikić D, Landeka Jurčević I, Odeh D, Oršolić N, Ferara N, Dilber D, Dragičević P, Dragović-Uzelac V. The Effect of a High-Protein Diet Supplemented with Blackthorn Flower Extract on Polyphenol Bioavailability and Antioxidant Status in the Organs of C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4066. [PMID: 37764849 PMCID: PMC10535945 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of polyphenols are based on their bioavailability, which is why a significant portion of research focuses on factors that affect their bioavailability. Previous studies suggest that the intake of polyphenols along with macronutrients in food represents one of the key factors influencing the bioavailability of polyphenols and, consequently, their biological activity in the organism. Since polyphenols in the human diet are mainly consumed in food together with macronutrients, this study investigated the in vivo absorption, metabolism, and distribution of polyphenolic compounds from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a protein-enriched diet in the organs (small intestine, liver, kidney) of C57BL/6 mice. The bioaccumulation of polyphenol molecules, biologically available maximum concentrations of individual groups of polyphenol molecules, and their effect on the oxidative/antioxidative status of organs were also examined. The results of this study indicate increased bioabsorption and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols (EC, EGCG) and reduced absorption kinetics of certain polyphenols from the groups of flavonols, flavones, and phenolic acids in the organs of C57BL/6 mice after intragastric administration of the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins. Furthermore, subchronic intake of polyphenols from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins induces the synthesis of total glutathione (tGSH) in the liver and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and small intestine. The results of this study suggest potential applications in the development of functional foods aimed at achieving the optimal health status of the organism and the possibility of reducing the risk of oxidative stress-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Balta
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Irena Landeka Jurčević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.J.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Nikola Ferara
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dario Dilber
- Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ljudevita Gaja 2, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia;
| | - Petar Dragičević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 12 Kišpatićeva St, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.J.); (V.D.-U.)
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Wang J, Liu Y, Li J, Diao Y, Hu Z, Yan S. Mechanism of bluish pigment formation in lotus rhizome starch with ferrous sulfate and its application in rapid detection of adulteration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Aquatic Vegetable Preservation Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Diao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- Hubei Lotus Rhizome Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shoulei Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Aquatic Vegetable Preservation Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
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Pan SY, Nie Q, Tai HC, Song XL, Tong YF, Zhang LJF, Wu XW, Lin ZH, Zhang YY, Ye DY, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Liang C. Tea and tea drinking: China's outstanding contributions to the mankind. Chin Med 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35193642 PMCID: PMC8861626 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea trees originated in southwest China 60 million or 70 million years ago. Written records show that Chinese ancestors had begun drinking tea over 3000 years ago. Nowadays, with the aging of populations worldwide and more people suffering from non-communicable diseases or poor health, tea beverages have become an inexpensive and fine complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. At present, there are 3 billion people who like to drink tea in the world, but few of them actually understand tea, especially on its development process and the spiritual and cultural connotations. Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, and other relevant platforms with the key word “tea”, and reviewed and analyzed tea-related literatures and pictures in the past 40 years about tea’s history, culture, customs, experimental studies, and markets. Results China is the hometown of tea, tea trees, tea drinking, and tea culture. China has the oldest wild and planted tea trees in the world, fossil of a tea leaf from 35,400,000 years ago, and abundant tea-related literatures and art works. Moreover, tea may be the first Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used by Chinese people in ancient times. Tea drinking has many benefits to our physical health via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. At the moment, COVID-19 is wreaking havoc across the globe and causing severe damages to people’s health and lives. Tea has anti-COVID-19 functions via the enhancement of the innate immune response and inhibition of viral growth. Besides, drinking tea can allow people to acquire a peaceful, relaxed, refreshed and cheerful enjoyment, and even longevity. According to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, different kinds of tea can activate different meridian systems in the human body. At present, black tea (fermented tea) and green tea (non-fermented tea) are the most popular in the world. Black tea accounts for over 90% of all teas sold in western countries. The world’s top-grade black teas include Qi Men black in China, Darjeeling and Assam black tea in India, and Uva black tea in Sri Lanka. However, all top ten famous green teas in the world are produced in China, and Xi Hu Long Jing tea is the most famous among all green teas. More than 700 different kinds of components and 27 mineral elements can be found in tea. Tea polyphenols and theaflavin/thearubigins are considered to be the major bioactive components of black tea and green tea, respectively. Overly strong or overheated tea liquid should be avoided when drinking tea. Conclusions Today, CAM provides an array of treatment modalities for the health promotion in both developed and developing countries all over the world. Tea drinking, a simple herb-based CAM therapy, has become a popular man-made non-alcoholic beverage widely consumed worldwide, and it can improve the growth of economy as well. Tea can improve our physical and mental health and promote the harmonious development of society through its chemical and cultural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China. .,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qu Nie
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Tai
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Lan Song
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Fan Tong
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Long-Jian-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Wei Wu
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao-Heng Lin
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Yu Zhang
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Du-Yun Ye
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. .,EnKang Pharmaceuticals (Guangzhou) Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
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Selim DA, Shawky E, Abu El-Khair RM. Identification of the discriminatory chemical markers of different grades of Sri Lankan white, green and black tea (Camellia sinenesis L.) via metabolomics combined to chemometrics. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu Z, de Bruijn WJC, Bruins ME, Vincken JP. Microbial Metabolism of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate and Its Gut Microbiota Composition Modulatory Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:232-245. [PMID: 33347309 PMCID: PMC7809692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), a bioactive black tea phenolic, is poorly absorbed in the small intestine, and it has been suggested that gut microbiota metabolism plays a crucial role in its bioactivities. However, information on its metabolic fate and impact on gut microbiota is limited. Here, TFDG was anaerobically fermented in vitro by human fecal microbiota, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was used for comparison. Despite the similar flavan-3-ol skeletons, TFDG was more slowly degraded and yielded a distinctively different metabolic profile. The formation of theanaphthoquinone as the main metabolites was unique to TFDG. Additionally, a number of hydroxylated phenylcarboxylic acids were formed with low concentrations, when comparing to EGCG metabolism. Microbiome profiling demonstrated several similarities in gut microbiota modulatory effects, including growth-promoting effects on Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, and Bifidobacterium, and inhibitory effects on Prevotella and Fusobacterium. In conclusion, TFDG and EGCG underwent significantly different microbial metabolic fates, yet their gut microbiota modulatory effects were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Wouter J. C. de Bruijn
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke E. Bruins
- Food
& Biobased Research, Wageningen University
& Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- . Tel.: +31-317482234
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Balta V, Đikić D, Crnić I, Odeh D, Orsolic N, Kmetič I, Murati T, Dragović Uzelac V, Landeka Jurčević I. Effects of Four-Week Intake of Blackthorn Flower Extract on Mice Tissue Antioxidant Status and Phenolic Content. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/128132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Multiple-Reaction Monitoring Tandem Mass Method for Determination of Phenolics and Water-Soluble Vitamins in Eccoilopus formosanus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163632. [PMID: 32785047 PMCID: PMC7464304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study established a validated method for the quantitative and qualitative determination of eight signature compounds in Eccoilopus formosanus. We used multiple-reaction monitoring scanning for quantification, and switched the electrospray ion source polarity between positive and negative modes in a single chromatographic run. The precursor-to-product ion transitions were m/z 355/163, m/z 181/163, m/z 265/122, m/z 269/117, m/z 170/152, m/z 377.2/180.7, m/z 169/124.8 and m/z 193/134 for chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, thiamine, apigenin, pyridoxamin, riboflavin, gallic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. The developed method was also validated for accuracy, precision and limit of quantification. In this method, eight compounds were quantified with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.995. A high recovery (81.5-94.1%) and good reproducibility was obtained for five phenolics and three vitamins with the relative standard deviation, ranging from 1.2 to 3.5%. This method may be applied to the determination of both phenolics and water-soluble vitamins in cereal grain. The results may suggest that the extract of E. formosanus could be a good source of bioactive phytochemicals.
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Pinto G, Illiano A, Carpentieri A, Spinelli M, Melchiorre C, Fontanarosa C, di Serio M, Amoresano A. Quantification of Polyphenols and Metals in Chinese Tea Infusions by Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060835. [PMID: 32630507 PMCID: PMC7353651 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical compounds within tea (Camellia sinensis) are characterized by an extensive heterogeneity; some of them are crucial for their protective and defensive role in plants, and are closely connected to the benefits that the consumption of tea can provide. This paper is mainly focused on the characterization of polyphenols (secondary metabolites generally involved in defense against ultraviolet radiation and aggression by pathogens) and metals, extracted from nine Chinese tea samples, by integrating different mass spectrometry methodologies, LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our approach allowed to identify and compare forty polyphenols differently distributed in tea infusions at various fermentation levels. The exploration of polyphenols with nutraceutical potential in tea infusions can widely benefit especially tea-oriented populations. The worldwide consumption of tea requires at the same time a careful monitoring of metals released during the infusion of tea leaves. Metal analysis can provide the identification of many healthy minerals such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, differently affected by the fermentation of leaves. Our results allowed us: (i) to draw up a polyphenols profile of tea leaves subjected to different fermentation processes; (ii) to identify and quantify metals released from tea leaves during infusion. In this way, we obtained a molecular fingerprint useful for both nutraceutical applications and food control/typization, as well as for frauds detection and counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pinto
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Illiano
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Chiara Melchiorre
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Martino di Serio
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo-Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (M.d.S.); (A.A.)
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi-Consorzio Interuniversitario Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro, 305, 00136 Roma RM, Italy
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Wang L, Yan T, Zhang K, Li F, Jia J, Hu G. A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of polyphenols and theaflavins in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of Da Hong Pao tea. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4470. [PMID: 30585656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the rapid and simultaneous determination of five catechins and four theaflavins in rat plasma using ethyl gallate as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds were compared after oral administration of five kinds of Da Hong Pao tea to rats. Biosamples processed with a mixture of β-glucuronidase and sulfatase were extracted with ethyl acetate-isopropanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved by gradient elution using 10 mm HCOONH4 solution and methanol as the mobile phase. Analytes were detected using negative ion electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification were 1.0, 0.74 and 0.5 ng/mL for theaflavins, two catechins and three catechins, respectively. The validation parameters were well within acceptable limits. The average half-lives (t1/2 ) in blood of the reference solution group was much shorter than those of tea samples. The values of AUC0-t and Cmax of the polyphenols and theaflavins exhibited linear pharmacokinetic characteristics which were related to the dose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feifeng Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaosheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Chowdhury P, Sahuc ME, Rouillé Y, Rivière C, Bonneau N, Vandeputte A, Brodin P, Goswami M, Bandyopadhyay T, Dubuisson J, Séron K. Theaflavins, polyphenols of black tea, inhibit entry of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198226. [PMID: 30485282 PMCID: PMC6261387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by combination of direct acting antivirals (DAA), with different mode of action, has made substantial progress in the past few years. However, appearance of resistance and high cost of the therapy is still an obstacle in the achievement of the therapy, more specifically in developing countries. In this context, search for affordable antivirals with new mechanisms of action is still needed. Tea, after water, is the most popular drink worldwide. Polyphenols extracted from green tea have already shown anti-HCV activity as entry inhibitors. Here, three different theaflavins, theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3’-monogallate (TF2), and theaflavin-3-3’-digallate (TF3), which are major polyphenols from black tea, were tested against HCV in cell culture. The results showed that all theaflavins inhibit HCV infection in a dose-dependent manner in an early step of infection. Results obtained with HCV pseudotyped virions confirmed their activity on HCV entry and demonstrated their pan-genotypic action. No effect on HCV replication was observed by using HCV replicon. Investigation on the mechanism of action of black tea theaflavins showed that they act directly on the virus particle and are able to inhibit cell-to-cell spread. Combination study with inhibitors most widely used in anti-HCV treatment regimen demonstrated that TF3 exerts additive effect. In conclusion, theaflavins, that are present in high quantity in black tea, are new inhibitors of HCV entry and hold promise for developing in therapeutic arsenal for HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritom Chowdhury
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Biotechnology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, TRA, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Sahuc
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Rivière
- ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Lille, France
| | - Natacha Bonneau
- ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manoranjan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, TRA, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Tanoy Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, TRA, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karin Séron
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Abo-EL-Sooud K, Ahmed FA, El-Toumy SA, Yaecob HS, ELTantawy HM. Phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic and hypoglycemic activities of Periploca angustifolia L extracts in rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Wang Z, Luo H, Xia H. Theaflavins attenuate ethanol‑induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa epithelial cells via downregulation of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3791-3799. [PMID: 30106096 PMCID: PMC6131224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol‑induced diseases of the gastric mucosa are the most common and refractory diseases of gastrointestinal system in clinic, and are mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. Theaflavins (TFs) are considered to be antioxidants. The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the ability of TFs to attenuate ethanol‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in GES‑1 gastric mucosa epithelial cells. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay was performed to investigate the cell viability of GES‑1 cells following administration of ethanol (0.5 mol/l) and subsequent treatment with TFs (20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) for specific time intervals. A carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester assay was used to measure proliferation and further investigate the results of the CCK‑8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the apoptosis rates of GES‑1 cells. Furthermore, levels of oxidative stress‑associated factors, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were investigated using commercial kits. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were performed to determine the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated factors, as well as the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase (p38). The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with ethanol inhibited GES‑1 cell proliferation, and enhanced ROS levels and apoptosis rates, potentially via downregulation of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) expression and upregulation of Bcl‑2‑associated X and caspase‑3 expression levels, as well as enhancing the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK and p38. However, treatment with TFs was revealed to attenuate the effects of ethanol administration on GES‑1 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. In conclusion, TFs may attenuate ethanol‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in gastric mucosa epithelial cells via downregulation of various mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Kim TE, Shin KH, Park JE, Kim MG, Yun YM, Choi DH, Kwon KJ, Lee J. Effect of green tea catechins on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in humans. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2139-2147. [PMID: 30022812 PMCID: PMC6044363 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s148257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous in vitro studies have reported the inhibitory effect of green tea on p-glycoprotein (p-gp) encoded by ABCB1. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin, a typical probe drug of p-gp. Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. At Day 1, 0.5 mg of digoxin was administered via oral route. After a 14-day washout period, 630 mg of green tea catechins (GTC) was administered via oral route, followed by 0.5 mg of digoxin 1 hour later. From Day 16 through Day 28, 630 mg of GTC was administered alone. At Day 29, 630 mg of GTC and 0.5 mg of digoxin were administered in the same way as Day 15. Blood samples for the pharmacokinetic assessments of digoxin were collected up to 8 hours after each dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were compared using mixed effect model between digoxin alone and digoxin with GTC. ABCB1 was genotyped to determine whether its polymorphism affects digoxin–GTC interaction. Results Fifteen subjects completed the study. Compared to digoxin alone, the concomitant administration of digoxin and GTC significantly reduced the systemic exposure of digoxin: geometric mean ratios (GMR) and 90% confidence intervals (CI) of area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable time (AUClast) and Cmax were 0.69 (0.62–0.75) and 0.72 (0.61–0.85), respectively. The concomitant administration of digoxin and GTC following pretreatment of GTC (Day 29) similarly reduced the AUClast (GMR [90% CI]: 0.67 [0.61–0.74]) and Cmax (GMR [90% CI]: 0.74 [0.63–0.87]). In the comparison of the percentage changes from Day 1 (digoxin single administration) of AUClast between genotypes, C1236T variant type showed a significant difference to wild-type on Day 15 (concomitant administration of digoxin and GTC) (P=0.005). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the coadministration of GTC reduces the systemic exposure of digoxin regardless of pretreatment of GTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Shin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Park JE, Kim TE, Shin KH. Quantitative Analysis of Four Catechins from Green Tea Extract in Human Plasma Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Pharmacokinetic Studies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040984. [PMID: 29690635 PMCID: PMC6017899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea is consumed as a beverage worldwide and has beneficial effects, such as a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. A quantitative analysis of the beneficial components in plasma is important for understanding the potential health benefits of green tea. Four catechins—epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epicatechin (EC)—which account for the majority of the components of green tea, were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In this study, a validated method was optimized to obtain the blood concentrations after the one-time ingestion of 630 mg green tea extract with digoxin and then after the ingestion of 630 mg green tea repeatedly for 15 days. The calibration curve, including the LLOQ, was constructed over 1–500 ng/mL for EGCG, ECG, and EGC and 0.1–50 ng/mL for EC. The method for inter- and intra-validation was applied, acceptable for both accuracy and precision. We successfully developed an appropriate UPLC-MS/MS method for human plasma with good reproducibility and sensitivity. Thus, this method could be applied for future preclinical and clinical studies on EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Theaflavins from black tea affect growth, development, and motility in Dictyostelium discoideum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:449-454. [PMID: 28711497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavins, flavonoids found in black tea, exhibit a variety of health-promoting activities, but the mechanisms by which they act are not clear. Here, we assess the effects of black tea extract and isolated theaflavins on Dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism exhibiting an unusual life cycle relying on conserved pathways involved in human disease. Dictyostelium has been used to characterize the activities of numerous bioactive small molecules, including catechins, from which theaflavins are produced during the preparation of black tea. We show that theaflavins block growth, development, and motility in Dictyostelium, results that suggest catechins and theaflavins exert similar activities in this organism.
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