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Makk J, Toumi M, Krett G, Lange-Enyedi NT, Schachner-Groehs I, Kirschner AKT, Tóth E. Temporal changes in the morphological and microbial diversity of biofilms on the surface of a submerged stone in the Danube River. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00228-0. [PMID: 38970754 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Epilithic biofilms are ubiquitous in large river environments and are crucial for biogeochemical processes, but their community structures and functions remain poorly understood. In this paper, the seasonal succession in the morphological structure and the taxonomic composition of an epilithic bacterial biofilm community at a polluted site of the Danube River were followed using electron microscopy, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and multiplex/taxon-specific PCRs. The biofilm samples were collected from the same submerged stone and carried out bimonthly in the littoral zone of the Danube River, downstream of a large urban area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the biofilm was composed of diatoms and a variety of bacteria with different morphologies. Based on amplicon sequencing, the bacterial communities were dominated by the phyla Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota, while the most abundant archaea belonged to the phyla Nitrososphaerota and Nanoarchaeota. The changing environmental factors had an effect on the composition of the epilithic microbial community. Critical levels of faecal pollution in the water were associated with increased relative abundance of Sphaerotilus, a typical indicator of "sewage fungus", but the composition and diversity of the epilithic biofilms were also influenced by several other environmental factors such as temperature, water discharge and total suspended solids (TSS). The specific PCRs showed opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas spp., Legionella spp., P. aeruginosa, L. pneumophila, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) in some biofilm samples, but extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and macrolide resistance genes could not be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Makk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Marwene Toumi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Krett
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Tünde Lange-Enyedi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Iris Schachner-Groehs
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Leopold M, Kabicher A, Pap IJ, Ströbele B, Zarfel G, Farnleitner AH, Kirschner AKT. A comparative study on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Austrian patients and wastewater-influenced Danube River water and biofilms. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 258:114361. [PMID: 38552533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health worldwide. AMR can be introduced into natural aquatic ecosystems, for example, from clinical facilities via wastewater emissions. Understanding AMR patterns in environmental populations of bacterial pathogens is important to elucidate propagation routes and develop mitigation strategies. In this study, AMR patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections and colonised urinary catheters of inpatients and outpatients were compared to isolates from the Danube River within the same catchment in Austria to potentially link environmental with clinical resistance patterns. Susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested for 697 patient, 489 water and 440 biofilm isolates. The resistance ratios in patient isolates were significantly higher than in the environmental isolates and higher resistance ratios were found in biofilm in comparison to water isolates. The role of the biofilm as potential sink of resistances was reflected by two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in the biofilm while none were found in water, and by higher amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance ratios in biofilm compared to patient isolates. Although, resistances to last-line antibiotics such as carbapenems and tigecycline were found in the patient and in the environmental isolates, they still occurred at low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Leopold
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Kabicher
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko-Julia Pap
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Barbara Ströbele
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
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Schachner-Groehs I, Koller M, Leopold M, Kolm C, Linke RB, Jakwerth S, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Kandler W, Sulyok M, Vierheilig J, Toumi M, Farkas R, Toth E, Kittinger C, Zarfel G, Farnleitner AH, Kirschner AKT. Linking antibiotic resistance gene patterns with advanced faecal pollution assessment and environmental key parameters along 2300 km of the Danube River. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121244. [PMID: 38340455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is a growing health threat. Large rivers are of particular concern as they are highly impacted by wastewater discharge while being vital lifelines serving various human needs. A comprehensive understanding of occurrence, spread and key drivers of AMR along whole river courses is largely lacking. We provide a holistic approach by studying spatiotemporal patterns and hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along 2311 km of the navigable Danube River, combining a longitudinal and temporal monitoring campaign. The integration of advanced faecal pollution diagnostics and environmental and chemical key parameters allowed linking ARG concentrations to the major pollution sources and explaining the observed patterns. Nine AMR markers, including genes conferring resistance to five different antibiotic classes of clinical and environmental relevance, and one integrase gene were determined by probe-based qPCR. All AMR targets could be quantified in Danube River water, with intI1 and sul1 being ubiquitously abundant, qnrS, tetM, blaTEM with intermediate abundance and blaOXA-48like, blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCTX-M-9 group and blaKPC genes with rare occurrence. Human faecal pollution from municipal wastewater discharges was the dominant factor shaping ARG patterns along the Danube River. Other significant correlations of specific ARGs were observed with discharge, certain metals and pesticides. In contrast, intI1 was not associated with wastewater but was already established in the water microbiome. Animal contamination was detected only sporadically and was correlated with ARGs only in the temporal sampling set. During temporal monitoring, an extraordinary hotspot was identified emphasizing the variability within natural waters. This study provides the first comprehensive baseline concentrations of ARGs in the Danube River and lays the foundation for monitoring future trends and evaluating potential reduction measures. The applided holistic approach proved to be a valuable methodological contribution towards a better understanding of the environmental occurrence of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schachner-Groehs
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Koller
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Melanie Leopold
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Claudia Kolm
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1A/166, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Rita B Linke
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1A/166, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Stefan Jakwerth
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Wolfgang Kandler
- Department of Agrotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria
| | - Julia Vierheilig
- Institute of Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, Wien 1040, Austria
| | - Marwene Toumi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rózsa Farkas
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Toth
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1A/166, Vienna 1060, Austria.
| | - A K T Kirschner
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria; Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria.
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Skof A, Koller M, Baumert R, Hautz J, Treiber F, Kittinger C, Zarfel G. Comparison of the Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Populations from Water and Biofilm in River Environments. Pathogens 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 38392909 PMCID: PMC10891912 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant, facultative pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in surface water; however, the factors influencing the spread and stabilization of antibiotic resistance in this habitat, particularly the role of biofilms, are not fully understood. The extent to which bacterial populations in biofilms or sediments exacerbate the problem for specific antibiotic classes or more broadly remains unanswered. In this study, we investigated the differences between the bacterial populations found in the surface water and sediment/biofilm of the Mur River and the Drava River in Austria. Samples of Escherichia coli were collected from both the water and sediment at two locations per river: upstream and downstream of urban areas that included a sewage treatment plant. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 21 antibiotics belonging to seven distinct classes. Additionally, isolates exhibiting either extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase phenotypes were further analyzed for specific antimicrobial resistance genes. E. coli isolates collected from all locations exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested antibiotics; on average, isolates from the Mur and Drava rivers showed 25.85% and 23.66% resistance, respectively. The most prevalent resistance observed was to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Surprisingly, there was a similar proportion of resistant bacteria observed in both open water and sediment samples. The difference in resistance levels between the samples collected upstream and downstream of the cities was minimal. Out of all 831 isolates examined, 13 were identified as carrying ESBL genes, with 1 of these isolates also containing the gene for the KPC-2 carbapenemase. There were no significant differences between the biofilm (sediment) and open water samples in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. For the E. coli populations in the examined rivers, the different factors in water and the sediment do not appear to influence the stability of resistance. No significant differences in antimicrobial resistance were observed between the bacterial populations collected from the biofilm (sediment) and open-water samples in either river. The different factors in water and the sediment do not appear to influence the stability of resistance. The minimal differences observed upstream and downstream of the cities could indicate that the river population already exhibits generalized resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Skof
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Michael Koller
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Rita Baumert
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Jürgen Hautz
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Fritz Treiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
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Jampani M, Mateo-Sagasta J, Chandrasekar A, Fatta-Kassinos D, Graham DW, Gothwal R, Moodley A, Chadag VM, Wiberg D, Langan S. Fate and transport modelling for evaluating antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments: Current knowledge and research priorities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132527. [PMID: 37788551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have revolutionised medicine in the last century and enabled the prevention of bacterial infections that were previously deemed untreatable. However, in parallel, bacteria have increasingly developed resistance to antibiotics through various mechanisms. When resistant bacteria find their way into terrestrial and aquatic environments, animal and human exposures increase, e.g., via polluted soil, food, and water, and health risks multiply. Understanding the fate and transport of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and the transfer mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments is critical for evaluating and mitigating the risks of resistant-induced infections. The conceptual understanding of sources and pathways of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs from society to the water environments is essential for setting the scene and developing an appropriate framework for modelling. Various factors and processes associated with hydrology, ecology, and climate change can significantly affect the fate and transport of ARB and ARGs in natural environments. This article reviews current knowledge, research gaps, and priorities for developing water quality models to assess the fate and transport of ARB and ARGs. The paper also provides inputs on future research needs, especially the need for new predictive models to guide risk assessment on AR transmission and spread in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Jampani
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Javier Mateo-Sagasta
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aparna Chandrasekar
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Hydrosystems, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Nireas International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - David W Graham
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ritu Gothwal
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - David Wiberg
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Simon Langan
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Nagy JB, Koleszár B, Khayer B, Róka E, Laczkó L, Ungvári E, Kaszab E, Bali K, Bányai K, Vargha M, Lovas-Kiss Á, Tóth Á, Kardos G. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in Black-headed gulls, the Danube, and human clinical samples: A One Health comparison of contemporary isolates. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:257-261. [PMID: 37832871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to characterize and compare contemporary carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates from gulls, the River Danube, and humans in Hungary, Budapest. METHODS Multiresistant Enterobacterales were sought for in 227 gull faecal and 24 Danube water samples from 2019 to 2020. Eosin-methylene blue agar containing 2 mg/L cefotaxime and Colilert-test containing 10 mg/L cefotaxime were used for gull and water samples, respectively. Isolates were characterized by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs); acquired carbapenemase producers were further analysed by whole-genome sequencing, together with 21 Hungarian human CR Escherichia coli (CREc) isolates. RESULTS Gull and water samples exhibited a CRE prevalence of 7.4% (9/122) and 6.7% (7/105), none and 5/12 water samples yielded CRE from 2019 and 2020, respectively; CRE were found only in samples taken downstream of Budapest. The dominant species was Escherichia coli and the most prevalent carbapenemase was blaNDM-1. High-risk CREc clones were found both in gulls (ST224, ST372, ST744) and the Danube (ST10, ST354, ST410); the closest associations were between ST410 from humans and the Danube, among ST1437 among gulls, and between ST1437 in gulls and the Danube (46, 0, and 22-24 allelic distances, respectively). Direct links between human and gull isolates were not demonstrated. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates potential epidemiological links among humans, a river crossing a city, and urbanised birds, suggesting a local transmission network. Water bodies receiving influent wastewater, together with animals using such habitats, may serve as a local reservoir system for CRE, highlighting the importance of One Health in CRE transmission, even in a country with a low CRE prevalence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Bálint Nagy
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Koleszár
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Eszter Róka
- National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Laczkó
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Eszter Kaszab
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Vargha
- National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Lovas-Kiss
- Wetland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Ecological Research-IAE, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóth
- National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Cimen C, Noster J, Stelzer Y, Rump A, Sattler J, Berends M, Voss A, Hamprecht A. Surface water in Lower Saxony: A reservoir for multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales. One Health 2023; 17:100606. [PMID: 37583366 PMCID: PMC10424258 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E and CPE, respectively) is a threat to modern medicine, as infections become increasingly difficult to treat. These bacteria have been detected in aquatic environments, which raises concerns about the potential spread of antibiotic resistance through water. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of ESBL-E and CPE in surface water in Lower Saxony, Germany, using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Water samples were collected from two rivers, five water canals near farms, and 18 swimming lakes. ESBL-E and CPE were isolated from these samples using filters and selective agars. All isolates were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were detected in 4/25 (16%) water bodies, including 1/2 rivers, 2/5 water canals and 1/18 lakes. Among all samples, isolates belonging to five different species/species complexes were detected: Escherichia coli (n = 10), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 4), Citrobacter freundii (n = 3), Citrobacter braakii (n = 2), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2). Of the 21 isolates, 13 (62%) were resistant at least to 3rd generation cephalosporins and eight (38%) additionally to carbapenems. CPE isolates harbored blaKPC-2 (n = 5), blaKPC-2 and blaVIM-1 (n = 2), or blaOXA-181 (n = 1); additionally, mcr-9 was detected in one isolate. Two out of eight CPE isolates were resistant to cefiderocol and two to colistin. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was mediated by ESBL (n = 10) or AmpC (n = 3). The presence of AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, ESBL-E and CPE in northern German surface water samples is alarming and highlights the importance of aquatic environments as a potential source of MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Cimen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University of Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janina Noster
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stelzer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rump
- University Institute for Medical Genetics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Janko Sattler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthijs Berends
- University of Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice Foundation, Department of Medical Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- University of Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Barbu IC, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Grigore GA, Vrancianu CO, Chifiriuc MC. Antimicrobial Resistance in Romania: Updates on Gram-Negative ESCAPE Pathogens in the Clinical, Veterinary, and Aquatic Sectors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7892. [PMID: 37175597 PMCID: PMC10178704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the Enterobacterales order are a challenging multi-sectorial and global threat, being listed by the WHO in the priority list of pathogens requiring the urgent discovery and development of therapeutic strategies. We present here an overview of the antibiotic resistance profiles and epidemiology of Gram-negative pathogens listed in the ESCAPE group circulating in Romania. The review starts with a discussion of the mechanisms and clinical significance of Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequent genetic determinants of resistance, and then summarizes and discusses the epidemiological studies reported for A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacterales-resistant strains circulating in Romania, both in hospital and veterinary settings and mirrored in the aquatic environment. The Romanian landscape of Gram-negative pathogens included in the ESCAPE list reveals that all significant, clinically relevant, globally spread antibiotic resistance genes and carrying platforms are well established in different geographical areas of Romania and have already been disseminated beyond clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Alexandra Grigore
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Koskeroglu K, Barel M, Hizlisoy H, Yildirim Y. “Biofilm Formationand Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Water-borne Pathogens. Res Microbiol 2023:104056. [PMID: 37004897 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Water sources (surface water, drinking water, rivers, and ponds) are significant reservoirs for transmitting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, these waters are an important public health problem because they are suitable environments for transferring antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial species. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in water samples, the susceptibility of the isolates to the specified antibiotics, the determination of biofilm ability, antibiotic resistance genes, and the molecular typing of the isolates. For this purpose, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses were used. Out of 70 isolates, 15 (21%) were ESBL producing, and sent for the MALDI-TOF analysis, where Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas oleovorans, and Enterobacter ludwigigii were identified. Moreover, colistin resistance genes (mcr1/2/6, mcr 4, mcr 5, mcr 3/7, and mcr 8), ESBL-encoding genes(blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) and carbapenemase genes (blaNDM, blaOXA-48, and blaKPC) using molecular analysis (PCR) were confirmed. The colistin resistance gene was detected at 80% (12/15) in the isolates obtained. The distribution of these isolates according to resistance genes was found as mcr 1/2/6 4 (20%), mcr3/7 3 (13%), and mcr 5 (40%). Additionally, the isolates harbored blaSHV(6.6%) and blaTEM (6.6%) genes. However, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaKPC, and blaCTX-M genes were not detected in any isolates. According to the Congo red agar method, seven (46.6%) isolates showed negative biofilm ability, and eight (53.3%) showed moderate biofilm ability. However, the microplate method detected weak biofilm in 53.3% of the isolates.In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the existence of multidrug-resistant bacteria that co-exist with mcr and ESBL genes in water sources. These bacteria can migrate to other environments and pose increasing threats to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Koskeroglu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mukaddes Barel
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Harun Hizlisoy
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yildirim
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey
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10
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Fate of Horizontal-Gene-Transfer Markers and Beta-Lactamase Genes during Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020308. [PMID: 36838273 PMCID: PMC9958827 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic composting is a suitable treatment for the recycling of organic wastes for agriculture. However, using human excreta as feedstock for composting raises concerns about antibiotic resistances. We analyzed samples from the start and end of a thermophilic composting trial of human excreta, together with green cuttings and straw, with and without biochar. Beta-lactamase genes blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaTEM conferring resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as horizontal gene transfer marker genes, intI1 and korB, were quantified using qPCR. We found low concentrations of the beta-lactamase genes in all samples, with non-significant mean decreases in blaCTX-M and blaTEM copy numbers and a mean increase in blaIMP copy numbers. The decrease in both intI1 and korB genes from start to end of composting indicated that thermophilic composting can decrease the horizontal spread of resistance genes. Thus, thermophilic composting can be a suitable treatment for the recycling of human excreta.
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11
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Tacão M, Laço J, Teixeira P, Henriques I. CTX-M-Producing Bacteria Isolated from a Highly Polluted River System in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191911858. [PMID: 36231185 PMCID: PMC9565674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins are a great concern for public health, as these are first-line drugs to treat infections. The production of carbapenemases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and/or the overexpression of AmpC β-lactamases are the main mechanisms of resistance to these antibiotics. Among the ESBLs, CTX-M β-lactamases are the most prevalent worldwide. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae along a heavily polluted river and characterize blaCTX-M carriers. River water was collected in 11 sites along the main course and tributaries, in two sampling moments. Water quality was evaluated and a collection of cefotaxime-resistant isolates was obtained. blaCTX-M carriers were characterized regarding phylogenetic affiliation, clonality, antibiotic susceptibility, gene diversity, and context. Water presented very low quality in all sites. From 147 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, 46% carried blaCTX-M and were affiliated with Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter. Molecular typing revealed clonal isolates in different sites and over the two years, suggesting survival of the strains in the river or continuous pollution inputs from the same sources. Eight variants of blaCTX-M were found, with blaCTX-M-15 being the most prevalent (52.5%). Sites with a lower water quality showed the highest resistance rates and prevalence of blaCTX-M, suggesting that river water may embody human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tacão
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Laço
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Teixeira
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Department of Life Sciences and CFE, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Loudermilk EM, Kotay SM, Barry KE, Parikh HI, Colosi LM, Mathers AJ. Tracking Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase gene as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance dissemination from a hospital to surface water via a municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118151. [PMID: 35167966 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating from hospitals are ultimately discharged to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which may serve as important reservoirs for the spread of antibiotic resistant genes. This study traced and quantified the presence of a rare but clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance gene; Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenamase (KPC)-and the viable organisms (KPCO) which carried this gene in hospital, non-hospital wastewater discharges, various compartments within a municipal WWTP, receiving water and sediment samples. High concentration of the gene, blaKPC harbored in viable and multispecies KPCO was detected in the hospital wastewater and in the forepart stages of the WWTP, but was not detected in the final effluent following UV disinfection. KPCO were not detected in multiple non-hospital sources of wastewater discharges tested. The treatment train used in the sampled WWTP was found to help remove and reduce KPCO load. Using whole-genome sequencing, a KPC-producing Klebsiella oxytoca strain identical to strains seen in the patients and hospital environment was isolated from the downstream receiving water on one sampling event. KPCO were also found to persist in the biosolids throughout the WWTP, but were not detected in the processed compost-products made from WWTP-biosolids. This study systematically demonstrates dissemination of KPCO from hospital point source to environment via municipal WWTP. Understanding hospitals as the origin and source of spread of some of the most clinically urgent antimicrobial-resistant organisms may help direct interventions that target rate at which antibiotic resistant bacteria evolve and spread via enhancement of wastewater treatment and mitigation of dissemination at source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Loudermilk
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, 151 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Shireen M Kotay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800255, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States.
| | - Katie E Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800255, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Hardik I Parikh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800255, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Lisa M Colosi
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, 151 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Amy J Mathers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800255, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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13
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Bhattacharyya D, Banerjee J, Habib M, Thapa G, Samanta I, Nanda PK, Dutt T, Sarkar K, Bandyopadhyay S. Elucidating the resistance repertoire, biofilm production, and phylogenetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from community ponds: A study from West Bengal, India. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 94:e1678. [PMID: 34907618 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study details about the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in the fresh community pond water (n = 257) collected from three districts of West Bengal, India. In total, 57 isolates were MDR of which 38 emerged as extended spectrum and 7 as AmpC-type β-lactamase producers in phenotypic assay. Among β-lactamase genes, blaCTXM-1was predominant (87.71%) followed by blaAmpC (77.2%) and blaTEM-1 (22.8%). Six MDR strains carried metallo-β-lactamase (MBL, blaNDM-1) gene. Tissue culture plate assay confirmed strong biofilm (SP) production in four MDR and one non-MDR isolates. In PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT), multiple plasmids of diverse replicon types (Frep, FIB, I1, FIA, K/B, HI1, and Y) were identified. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)-based phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of genetic divergence among the MDR isolates. Multiplex PCR-based phylogrouping categorized 11 isolates as virulent (B2/D/F), which carried blaCTXM-1 gene and three had blaNDM-1 gene. Relative transcriptional activity of AcrAB efflux pump was significantly elevated among the SP and MBL producers. The presence of MDR E. coli isolates, particularly those resistant to carbapenem, in pond water used for daily domestic and household work, is a cause of concern as these pathogens may sneak into human food chain causing life-threatening infections. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Multidrug-resistant biofilm producing E. coli isolated from community pond water. A few of them were carbapenem-resistant and belonged to virulent (B2/D) types. Expression of AcrAB efflux pumps was found significantly elevated among biofilm producers and carbapenem-resistant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaraj Bhattacharyya
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | | | - Md Habib
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Triveni Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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14
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Vaiyapuri M, Sebastian AS, George I, Variem SS, Vasudevan RN, George JC, Badireddy MR, Sivam V, Peeralil S, Sanjeev D, Thandapani M, Moses SA, Nagarajarao RC, Mothadaka MP. Predominance of genetically diverse ESBL Escherichia coli identified in resistance mapping of Vembanad Lake, the largest fresh-cum-brackishwater lake of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66206-66222. [PMID: 34328620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden in Escherichia coli along the 90 km stretch of Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India, was assessed. Seventy-seven percent of water samples drawn from 35 different stations of the lake harbored E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility test performed on 116 E. coli isolates revealed resistance to ≥ one antibiotic with 39 AMR profiles in 81%, multidrug resistance in 30%, and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers in 32%. Of all the 15 antibiotics tested, the probability of isolating cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in the lake. Genetically diverse ESBL types, namely blaTEM-116, blaCTX-M -152, blaCTX-M -27, blaCTX-M -55, blaCTX-M-205, and blaSHV-27, were identified in the lake. This is probably the first report in India for the presence of blaCTX-M-205 (blaCTX-M-group 2) in the Vembanad Lake. ST11439 and single and double loci variants of ST443 and ST4533 were identified in multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Inc plasmids (B/O, F, W, I1, FIIA, HI1, P-1α, K/B, and N) identified in the lake evidences the resistance transmission potential of the E. coli isolated from the lake. Molecular typing (ERIC-PCR, MLST, and PBRT) delineated diverse E. coli, both between and within the sampling stations. Low multiple antibiotic resistance index (average MAR< 0.2) indicates a lower risk of the lake to the human population, but the occurrence of genetically diverse ESBL E. coli in the Vembanad Lake signals health hazards and necessitates pragmatic control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugadas Vaiyapuri
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India.
| | - Anna SherinPulithara Sebastian
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Iris George
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Sandhya Soolamkandath Variem
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
- Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh, Agarkar Rd, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Nair Vasudevan
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Visnuvinayagam Sivam
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Devi Sanjeev
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Muthulakshmi Thandapani
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
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15
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Urban Aquatic Ecosystems as a Factor of the Spread of Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms and Resistance Genes. TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/trser-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, studies have been conducted to detect antibiotic resistance microorganisms and resistance genes in the natural waters of the Uzh River, which flows in the Carpathian region (Ukraine) and flows into the Laborec River in the territory of Slovakia. Among the most common microorganisms of the Uzh River, there has been a high level of resistance to tetracyclines, β-lactams, and antibiotics of the last line of defence (carbapenems, fourth-generation fluoroquinolones). The results of molecular genetic analysis indicate the presence of resistance genes bla tet-M, bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla KPC in microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
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16
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Farrell ML, Joyce A, Duane S, Fitzhenry K, Hooban B, Burke LP, Morris D. Evaluating the potential for exposure to organisms of public health concern in naturally occurring bathing waters in Europe: A scoping review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117711. [PMID: 34637971 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, water-based bathing pastimes are important for both mental and physical health. However, exposure to waterborne organisms could present a substantial public health issue. Bathing waters are shown to contribute to the transmission of illness and disease and represent a reservoir and pathway for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms. Current bathing water quality regulations focus on enumeration of faecal indicator organisms and are not designed for detection of specific waterborne organisms of public health concern (WOPHC), such as antimicrobial resistant (AMR)/pathogenic bacteria, or viruses. This investigation presents the first scoping review of the occurrence of waterborne organisms of public health concern (WOPHC) in identified natural bathing waters across the European Union (EU), which aimed to critically evaluate the potential risk of human exposure and to assess the appropriateness of the current EU bathing water regulations for the protection of public health. Accordingly, this review sought to identify and synthesise all literature pertaining to a selection of bacterial (Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., AMR bacteria), viral (Hepatitis spp., enteroviruses, rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus), and protozoan (Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp.) contaminants in EU bathing waters. Sixty investigations were identified as eligible for inclusion and data was extracted. Peer-reviewed investigations included were from 18 countries across the EU, totalling 87 investigations across a period of 35 years, with 30% published between 2011 and 2015. A variety of water bodies were identified, with 27 investigations exclusively assessing coastal waters. Waterborne organisms were classified into three categories; bacteria, viruses, and protozoa; amounting to 58%, 36% and 17% of the total investigations, respectively. The total number of samples across all investigations was 8,118, with detection of one or more organisms in 2,449 (30%) of these. Viruses were detected in 1281 (52%) of all samples where WOPHC were found, followed by bacteria (865(35%)) and protozoa (303(12%)). Where assessed (442 samples), AMR bacteria had a 47% detection rate, emphasising their widespread occurrence in bathing waters. Results of this scoping review highlight the potential public health risk of exposure to WOPHC in bathing waters that normally remain undetected within the current monitoring parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Louise Farrell
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aoife Joyce
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinead Duane
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Whitaker Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Kelly Fitzhenry
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Brigid Hooban
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam P Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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17
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Rolbiecki D, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E, Buta M, Hubeny J, Zieliński W. Detection of carbapenemase-producing, hypervirulent Klebsiella spp. in wastewater and their potential transmission to river water and WWTP employees. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113831. [PMID: 34455199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release drug-resistant microorganisms to water bodies (with effluents), and WWTP employees are exposed to bioaerosol emissions from the processed wastewater. Bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, in particular carbapenemase-producing (CP), hyper-virulent (Hvr) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, play a special role in this process. Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from wastewater, river water and the upper respiratory tract of WWTP employees were analyzed in this study. The isolated strains were identified as K. pneumoniae (K. pn) or K. non-pneumoniae (K. npn). The prevalence of nine types of genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, nine genes encoding virulence factors and K1/K2 capsular serotypes, three genes encoding multi drug effluent pump systems, and the class 1 integron-integrase gene was determined by PCR. A total of 284 Klebsiella spp. isolates were obtained in the study: 270 environmental strains and 14 strains from the upper respiratory tract. Among environmental isolates 90.7% (245/270) harbored beta-lactam resistance genes, 17.4% (47/270) were classified as CP strains, 11.1% (30/270) were classified as Hvr strains, and 1.9% (5/270) were classified as CP-Hvr strains. CP-Hvr strains were also isolated from WWTP employees. Genes encoding β-lactamases (including carbapenemases), complete efflux pump systems and the K1 serotype were identified more frequently in K. pn strains. In turn, K. npn strains were characterized by a higher prevalence of blaSHV and intI1 genes and K2 serotype gene. The strains isolated from wastewater and river water also differed in the abundance of drug resistance and virulence genes. The results of the study indicate that CP-Hvr K. pn strains are possibly transmitted from wastewater via bioareosol to the upper respiratory tract of WWTP employees. blaGES-type carbapenemases significantly contributed to the spread of drug resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Rolbiecki
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Martyna Buta
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jakub Hubeny
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiktor Zieliński
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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18
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Elevated Incidences of Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug Resistance in the Maumee River (Ohio, USA), a Major Tributary of Lake Erie. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050911. [PMID: 33923266 PMCID: PMC8146589 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maumee River, the major tributary in the western basin of Lake Erie, serves as one of major sources of freshwater in the area, supplying potable, recreational, and industrial water. In this study we collected water samples from four sites in the Maumee River Bay between 2016–2017 and E. coli was isolated, enumerated, and analyzed for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR). Strikingly, 95% of the total isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic. A very high resistance to the drugs cephalothin (95.3%), ampicillin (38.3%), tetracycline (8.8%), gentamicin (8.2%), ciprofloxacin (4.2%), cefoperazone (4%), and sulfamethoxazole (1.5%) was observed within isolates from all four sampling sites. Percentages of AMR and MDR was consistently very high in the summer and fall months, whereas it was observed to be lowest in the winter. A remarkably high number of the isolates were detected to be MDR—95% resistant to ≥1 antibiotic, 43% resistant to ≥2 antibiotics, 15% resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, 4.9% resistant to ≥4 antibiotic and 1.2% resistant to ≥5 antibiotics. This data will serve in better understanding the environmental occurrence and dissemination of AMR/MDR in the area and assist in improving and establishing control measures.
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Cherak Z, Loucif L, Moussi A, Rolain JM. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in aquatic environments: a review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:287-309. [PMID: 33895415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest public-health challenges worldwide, especially with regard to Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Carbapenems are the β-lactam antibiotics of choice with the broadest spectrum of activity and, in many cases, are the last-resort treatment for several bacterial infections. Carbapenemase-encoding genes, mainly carried by mobile genetic elements, are the main mechanism of resistance against carbapenems in GNB. These enzymes exhibit a versatile hydrolytic capacity and confer resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. After being considered a clinical issue, increasing attention is being giving to the dissemination of such resistance mechanisms in the environment and especially through water. Aquatic environments are among the most significant microbial habitats on our planet, known as a favourable medium for antibiotic gene transfer, and they play a crucial role in the huge spread of drug resistance in the environment and the community. In this review, we present current knowledge regarding the spread of carbapenemase-producing isolates in different aquatic environments, which may help the implementation of control and prevention strategies against the spread of such dangerous resistant agents in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Cherak
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Abdelhamid Moussi
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; and Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Falgenhauer L, Zur Nieden A, Harpel S, Falgenhauer J, Domann E. Clonal CTX-M-15-Producing Escherichia coli ST-949 Are Present in German Surface Water. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617349. [PMID: 33912141 PMCID: PMC8072356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial isolates are emerging within the last years. To understand this emergence, a thorough genome-based analysis of ESBL isolates from different sources (One Health approach) is needed. Among these, analysis of surface water is underrepresented. Therefore, we performed a genome-based analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from surface water samples. Water samples were collected from eleven different surface water sites (lakes, river). ESBL-producing E. coli were recovered from these samples using filters and chromogenic media. Whole-genome sequencing of ESBL-producing E. coli was performed followed by determination of the multilocus sequence type (ST), ESBL-type, and virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis was done using single nucleotide analysis. From all water samples taken, nineteen ESBL-producing E. coli were recovered. All of them harbored an ESBL gene. Nine different multilocus STs were determined, among which ST-949 was the ST detected most frequently. Phylogenetic analysis of ST-949 isolates revealed that all those isolates were closely related. In addition, they harbored an identical chromosomal insertion of bla CTX-M-15 , indicating a clonal relationship among these isolates. Genetic comparison with isolates from all over the world revealed that these isolates were closely related to human clinical isolates derived from New Zealand and Sweden. An ESBL-producing E. coli ST-949 clone was detected in German surface waters. Its close relationship to human clinical isolates suggests its ability to colonize or even infect humans. Our findings reveal that water sources indeed may play a hitherto underreported role in spread of ESBL-producing isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Zur Nieden
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Harpel
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jane Falgenhauer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Tyagi N, Kumar A. Evaluation of recreational risks due to exposure of antibiotic-resistance bacteria from environmental water: A proposed framework. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111626. [PMID: 33243622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research provides a framework for the human health risk assessment due to exposure of AR (antibiotic resistance) E. coli from recreational water (swimming activity). Literature-based epidemiological studies were used for f-value formulation (i.e., AR E. coli/total number of E. coli isolates) and the theoretical calculation of AR and non-AR E. coli concentrations. Risk was estimated using calculated values by considering four different dose-response (D-R) scenarios with known characteristics due to current lack of availability of D-R for AR bacteria. f-values ranged between 0.14 and 0.59 and the order of calculated theoretical values of maximum AR E. coli are as follows: ampicillin or amoxicillin (38 CFU/dip) > co-trimoxazole (19 CFU/dip) ~ tetracycline (18 CFU/dip) > ceftriaxone or cefotaxime or ceftazidime (10 CFU/dip) ~ ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin (9 CFU/dip). The risk of infection was considerably high for theoretical calculated concentration values regardless of the chosen D-R model (annual risk of infection (95th percentile) = 1, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = -0.06 to 0.94), under the conditions studied. Further, AR levels of human gastrointestinal-tract were determined using literature-reported data in stool samples and indicated that the resistance level was very high in healthy human (range: 3.7 × 107-8.4 × 107 CFU/g of wet lumen content). The maximum allowable concentration values for AR E. coli and non-ARB (0.0075 CFU/dip and 2.56 CFU/dip) were found to be smaller than the USEPA recreational water quality guidelines (≤126 CFU/100 mL), which can help the USEPA and other regulatory bodies in revisiting the current guidelines. So based on the noted results, we can conclude that the maintenance of inventory of actual measured concentration of ARB in the recreational water sites is needed to prevent unwanted complication related to the treatment of infectious sustained by resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Göpfert L, Elsner M, Seidel M. Isothermal haRPA detection of bla CTX-M in bacterial isolates from water samples and comparison with qPCR. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:552-557. [PMID: 33410433 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacteria complicate infection treatment worldwide. Rapid and inexpensive detection of the current occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in surface and irrigation water as well as treated wastewater is essential to minimize exposure and further spread. To reduce cost and analysis time compared to current qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction), isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests are promising bioanalytical methods which can be integrated in simplified molecular biological detection systems. This study establishes heterogeneous asymmetric recombinase polymerase amplification (haRPA) for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in water. After DNA extraction of bacteria cultivated from water, the target DNA for blaCTX-M cluster 1 was amplified at 39 °C for 40 min on a microfluidic DNA chip. The amplified DNA on each spot was quantified by a flow-based chemiluminescence reaction. Even though slightly less sensitive than conventional qPCR, the haRPA method was successful in identifying the blaCTX-M cluster 1 in bacterial isolates with a limit of detection of 0.013 ng μL-1. In a proof-of-principle study, 37 bacterial isolates from environmental water samples were classified according to blaCTX-M cluster 1 occurrence and gave 100% agreement in cross-reference with PCR. Importantly, haRPA allows for a quick in-field monitoring at low incubation temperatures and by an easy visual readout. This study paves the path to establish haRPA as a quick on-site monitoring option for antibiotic resistance gene occurrence without the need for a thermal cycling device or long data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Göpfert
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Hassen B, Abbassi MS, Benlabidi S, Ruiz-Ripa L, Mama OM, Ibrahim C, Hassen A, Hammami S, Torres C. Genetic characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wastewater and river water in Tunisia: predominance of CTX-M-15 and high genetic diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44368-44377. [PMID: 32767214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are crucial hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic resistant microorganisms and resistance genes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and the genetic characterization of cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) Enterobacteriaceae at a Tunisian semi-industrial pilot plant with biological treatment (WWPP) and its receiving river (Rouriche River, downstream from WWPP) located in Tunis City, during 2017-2018. We collected 105 and 15 water samples from the WWPP and the Rouriche River, respectively. Samples were screened to recover ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and isolates were characterized for phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance, integrons, plasmid types and molecular typing (multilocus sequence typing, MLST). Among 120 water samples, 33 and 4 contained ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Most isolates were multidrug resistant and produced CTX-M-15 (28 isolates), CTX-M-1 (4 isolates), CTX-M-55 (2 isolates), CTX-M-27 (one isolate), SHV-12 (one isolate) and VEB beta-lactamases (one isolate). All K. pneumoniae were CTX-M-15-positive. Four colistin-resistant isolates were found (MIC 4-8 μg/ml), but they were negative for the mcr genes tested. Class 1 integrons were detected in 21/25 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates, and nine of them carried the gene cassette arrays: aadA2 + dfrA12 (n = 4), aadA1 + dfrA15 (n = 2), aadA5 + dfrA17 (n = 2) and aadA1/2 (n = 1). The IncP and IncFIB plasmids were found in 30 and 16 isolates, respectively. Genetic lineages detected were as follows: E. coli (ST48-ST10 Cplx, ST2499, ST906, ST2973 and ST2142); K. pneumoniae: (ST1540 and ST661). Our findings show a high rate of CTX-M-15 and high genetic diversity of ESBL-E isolates from WWPP and receiving river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Hassen
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar, 20 rue Jebel, Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar, 20 rue Jebel, Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de résistance aux antibiotiques LR99ES09, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Benlabidi
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar, 20 rue Jebel, Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Olouwafemi M Mama
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Chourouk Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des Rejets Hydriques, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des Rejets Hydriques, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- IRESA, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Sano D, Louise Wester A, Schmitt H, Amarasiri M, Kirby A, Medlicott K, Roda Husman AMD. Updated research agenda for water, sanitation and antimicrobial resistance. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:858-866. [PMID: 33328358 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, genetic resistance elements, and antibiotic residues, presents a significant threat to human health. Reducing the incidence of infection by improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is one of five objectives in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Action Plan on AMR. In September 2019, WHO and the Health-Related Water Microbiology specialist group (HRWM-SG) of the International Water Association (IWA) organized its third workshop on AMR, focusing on the following three main issues: environmental pathways of AMR transmission, environmental surveillance, and removal from human waste. The workshop concluded that despite an increase in scientific evidence that the environment may play a significant role, especially in low-resource settings, the exact relative role of the environment is still unclear. Given many antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) can be part of the normal gut flora, it can be assumed that for environmental transmission, the burden of fecal-oral transmission of AMR in a geographical area follows that of WASH-related infections. There are some uncertainties as to the potential for the propagation of particular resistance genes within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there is no doubt that the reduction in viable microbes (with or without resistance genes) available for transmission via the environment is one of the goals of human waste management. Although progress has been made in the past years with respect to quantifying environmental AMR transmission potential, still more data on the spread of environmental AMR within human communities is needed. Even though evidence on AMR in WWTPs has increased, the reduction in the emergence and spread of AMR by basic sanitation methods is yet unresolved. In order to contribute to the generation of harmonized One Health surveillance data, WHO has initiated an integrated One Health surveillance strategy that includes the environment. The main challenge lies in rolling it out globally including to the poorest regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan E-mail:
| | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heike Schmitt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Amy Kirby
- Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA and Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health,Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kate Medlicott
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae in coastal water: an emerging threat. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:169. [PMID: 33126924 PMCID: PMC7602311 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The environmental role of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) acquisition and infection in human disease has been described but not thoroughly investigated. We aimed to assess the occurrence of CPE in nearshore aquatic bodies. Methods Enterobacteriaceae were cultured from coastal and estuary water near Netanya, Israel in June and July of 2018. Bacteria were identified by VITEK2® and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the CLSI guidelines. Enterobacteriaceae genomes were sequenced to elucidate their resistome and carbapenemase types. Results Among other clinically relevant bacteria, four CPE (three Enterobacter spp and one Escherichia coli isolate) were isolated from two river estuaries (Poleg and Alexander Rivers) and coastal water at a popular recreational beach (Beit Yanai). Molecular analysis and genome sequencing revealed the persistent presence of rare beta-lactamase resistance genes, including blaIMI-2 and a previously unknown blaIMI-20 allele, which were not found among the local epidemiological strains. Genome comparisons revealed the high identity of riverine and marine CPE that were cultivated one month apart. Conclusions We show that CPE contamination was widespread in nearshore marine and riverine habitats. The high genome-level similarity of riverine and marine CPEs, isolated one month apart, hints at the common source of infection. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings and stress the urgent need to assess the role of the aquatic environment in CPE epidemiology.
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Mulet M, Montaner M, Román D, Gomila M, Kittinger C, Zarfel G, Lalucat J, García-Valdés E. Pseudomonas Species Diversity Along the Danube River Assessed by rpoD Gene Sequence and MALDI-TOF MS Analyses of Cultivated Strains. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2114. [PMID: 32983072 PMCID: PMC7492575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of 611 Pseudomonas isolated from 14 sampling sites along the Danube River were identified previously by MALDI-TOF MS with the VITEK MS system and were grouped in 53 clusters by their main protein profiles. The strains were identified in the present study at the phylospecies level by rpoD gene sequencing. Partial sequences of the rpoD gene of 190 isolates representatives of all clusters were analyzed. Strains in the same MALDI-TOF cluster were grouped in the same phylospecies when they shared a minimum 95% similarity in their rpoD sequences. The sequenced strains were assigned to 34 known species (108 strains) and to 32 possible new species (82 strains). The 611 strains were identified at the phylospecies level combining both methods. Most strains were assigned to phylospecies in the Pseudomonas putida phylogenetic group of species. Special attention was given to 14 multidrug resistant strains that could not be assigned to any known Pseudomonas species and were considered environmental reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. Coverage indices and rarefaction curves demonstrated that at least 50% of the Pseudomonas species in the Danube River able to grow in the isolation conditions have been identified at the species level. Main objectives were the confirmation of the correlation between the protein profile clusters detected by MALDI-TOF MS and the phylogeny of Pseudomonas strains based on the rpoD gene sequence, the assessment of the higher species discriminative power of the rpoD gene sequence, as well as the estimation of the high diversity of Pseudomonas ssp. along the Danube river. This study highlights the Pseudomonas species diversity in freshwater ecosystems and the usefulness of the combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the dereplication of large sets of strains and the rpoD gene sequences for rapid and accurate identifications at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mulet
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Montaner
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Daniela Román
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margarita Gomila
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jorge Lalucat
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena García-Valdés
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Laffite A, Al Salah DMM, Slaveykova VI, Otamonga JP, Poté J. Impact of anthropogenic activities on the occurrence and distribution of toxic metals, extending-spectra β-lactamases and carbapenem resistance in sub-Saharan African urban rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138129. [PMID: 32498199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and dissemination of toxic metals, antibiotic resistant bacteria and their resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic ecosystems of sub-Saharan African countries are still understudied, despite their potential to threat human health and aquatic organisms. In this context, the co-contamination and seasonal distribution of toxic metals and ARG in river sediments receiving untreated urban sewages and hospital effluents from Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo were investigated. ARGs including β-lactam resistance (blaCTX-M and blaSHV), carbapenem resistance (blaVIM, blaIMP, blaKPC, blaOXA-48 and blaNDM) and total bacterial load were quantified by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in total DNA extracted from sediment. The amount of toxic metals in sediments was quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results highlight high abundance of 16S rRNA and ARGs copy numbers in sediment samples. Strong pollution of rivers by toxic metals was found, with max values (mg kg-1) of 81.85(Cr), 5.09(Co), 33.84(Ni), 203.46 (Cu), 1055.92(Zn), 324.24(Pb) and 2.96(Hg). Results also highlight the high abundance of bacterial markers (8.06 × 109-2.42 × 1012 16S rRNA/g-1 DS) as well as antibiotic resistance genes (up to 4.58 × 108 ARG. g-1 DS) in the studied rivers. Significant correlations were observed between (i) metals (except Cd and Hg) and organic matter (R > 0.60, p < 0.05); and (ii) ARGs (except blaNDM) and 16S rRNA (R > 0.57, p < 0.05) suggesting a tight link between (i) metal contamination and anthropogenic pressure and (ii) microbial contamination of river and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Results demonstrated that multi-diffuse pollution originating from human activity contribute to the spread of toxic metals and ARGs into the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Laffite
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Dhafer Mohammed M Al Salah
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, Prince Turki the 1st st, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Otamonga
- Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération, Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P. 8815 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - John Poté
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération, Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P. 8815 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Finton MD, Meisal R, Porcellato D, Brandal LT, Lindstedt BA. Whole Genome Sequencing and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Strains Isolated From a Norwegian University Campus Pond. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1273. [PMID: 32625184 PMCID: PMC7311804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in environmental sources has been reported worldwide and constitutes a serious risk of community-acquired infections with limited treatment options. The current study aimed to explore the presence of these worrisome bacteria in a pond located at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences in Ås, Norway. A total of 98 bacterial isolates survived growth on selective chromogenic media and were identified by 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing. All strains were evaluated for the presence of the most commonly found β-lactamases and ESBLs in clinical settings (blaCTX–M groups 1, 2, and 9, blaCMY, blaSHV, and blaTEM) and carbapenemases (blaIMP, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA, blaSFC1, blaVIM) through multiplex PCR. A total of eight strains were determined to contain one or more genes of interest. Phenotypic resistance to 18 antimicrobial agents was assessed and isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing through a combination of Oxford Nanopore’s MinION and Illumina’s MiSeq. Results revealed the presence of β-lactamase and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and a Paraburkholderia spp. Identified β-lactamases and ESBLs include blaCTX–M, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaSHV and a possible blaKPC-like gene, with both documented and novel sequences established. In addition, two inducible β-lactamases were found, a class A β-lactamase (L1) and a cephalosporinase (L2). All strains were determined to be multidrug resistant and numerous resistance genes to non-β-lactams were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that environmental sources are a potential reservoir of clinically relevant ESBL-producing bacteria that may pose a health risk to humans upon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misti D Finton
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Roger Meisal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lin T Brandal
- Department of Zoonotic, Food- and Waterborne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Adegoke AA, Fatunla OK, Okoh AI. Critical threat associated with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: prioritizing water matrices in addressing total antibiotic resistance. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Song J, Jongmans-Hochschulz E, Mauder N, Imirzalioglu C, Wichels A, Gerdts G. The Travelling Particles: Investigating microplastics as possible transport vectors for multidrug resistant E. coli in the Weser estuary (Germany). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137603. [PMID: 32143053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquatic environments has been a long withstanding health concern, namely extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli. Given increasing reports on microplastic (MP) pollution in these environments, it has become crucial to better understand the role of MP particles as transport vectors for such multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, an incubation experiment was designed where particles of both synthetic and natural material (HDPE, tyre wear, and wood) were sequentially incubated at multiple sites along a salinity gradient from the Lower Weser estuary (Germany) to the offshore island Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Following each incubation period, particle biofilms and water samples were assessed for ESBL-producing E. coli, first by the enrichment and detection of E. coli using Fluorocult® LMX Broth followed by cultivation on CHROMAgar™ ESBL media to select for ESBL-producers. Results showed that general E. coli populations were present on the surfaces of wood particles across all sites but none were found to produce ESBLs. Additionally, neither HDPE nor tyre wear particles were found to harbour any E. coli. Conversely, ESBL-producing E. coli were present in surrounding waters from all sites, 64% of which conferred resistances against up to 3 other antibiotic groups, additional to the beta-lactam resistances intrinsic to ESBL-producers. This study provides a first look into the potential of MP to harbour and transport multidrug-resistant E. coli across different environments and the approach serves as an important precursor to further studies on other potentially harmful MP-colonizing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Song
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak Campus, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Elanor Jongmans-Hochschulz
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Norman Mauder
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Fish Trapped in the Lagoon Area of Bizerte, Tunisia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7132812. [PMID: 32596358 PMCID: PMC7303757 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7132812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and their molecular mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed in 126 fish samples of 9 various wild species, living in the lagoon of Bizerte in Tunisia. Fifty-nine (59) Gram-negative strains were isolated and identified as Escherichia coli (n = 24), Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 21), Citrobacter freundii (n = 8), and Shigella boydii (n = 6). Forty-seven ESBL producers were identified using the synergic test. β-Lactamase genes detected were blaCTX-M-1 (E. coli/15; K. pneumonia/8; C. freundii/1; Sh. boydii/1), blaCTX-M-1+ blaOXA-1 (E. coli/4; K. pneumonia/3), blaCTX-M-1+ blaTEM-1-a (K. pneumonia/2), blaCTX-M-15+ blaTEM-1-a (K. pneumonia/1; Sh. boydii/1), blaCTX-M-15+ blaOXA-1 (K. pneumonia/1), blaCTX-M-15 (E. coli/3; K. pneumonia/1; Sh. boydii/3), and blaCTX-M-9 (C. freundii/3). Most strains (84.7%) showed a multiresistant phenotype. qnrA and qnrB genes were identified in six E. coli and in ten E. coli+one K. pneumonia isolates, respectively. The resistance to tetracycline and sulfonamide was conferred by the tet and sul genes. Characterization of phylogenic groups in E. coli isolates revealed phylogroups D (n = 20 strains), B2 (n = 2), and A (n = 2). The studied virulence factor showed prevalence of fimA genes in 9 E. coli isolates (37.5%). Similarly, no strain revealed the three other virulence factors tested (eae, aer, and cnf1). Our findings confirmed that the lagoons of Bizerte may be a reservoir of multidrug resistance/ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This could lead to indisputable impacts on human and animal health, through the food chain.
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Cho S, Jackson C, Frye J. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of
Salmonella
,
Escherichia coli
and
Enterococcus
sp. in surface water. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:3-25. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cho
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
| | - C.R. Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
| | - J.G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
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Schages L, Wichern F, Kalscheuer R, Bockmühl D. Winter is coming - Impact of temperature on the variation of beta-lactamase and mcr genes in a wastewater treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136499. [PMID: 31945531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) play a key role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and analyzing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria is necessary to evaluate the risk of proliferation caused by WWTPs. Since few studies investigated the seasonal variation of antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to determine the abundance of beta-lactamase and mcr genes and to characterize phenotypic resistant strains in a WWTP in Germany over the seasons. Wastewater, sewage sludge and effluent samples were collected over a one year period and analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Resistant strains were isolated, followed by identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing using VITEK 2. The results show a significantly higher occurrence of nearly all investigated ARGs in the wastewater compared to sewage sludge and effluent. ARG abundance and temperature showed a negative correlation in wastewater and significant differences between ARG abundance during warmer and colder seasons were determined, indicating a seasonal effect. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 and carbapenemase genes in a multi-drug resistant Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was determined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of mcr-1, blaVIM and blaOXA-48 in an ESBL-producing E. coli. Although wastewater treatment reduced the abundance of ARGs and resistant strains, a dissemination into the river might be possible because carbapenemase-, CTX-M- and mcr-1-gene harboring strains were still present in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schages
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kleve, Germany; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Germany
| | - Florian Wichern
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Germany
| | - Dirk Bockmühl
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kleve, Germany.
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Environmental Presence and Genetic Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Hospital Sewage and River Water in the Philippines. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01906-19. [PMID: 31704681 PMCID: PMC6952235 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01906-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cause severe health care-associated infections, and their increasing prevalence is a serious concern. Recently, natural ecosystems have been recognized as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. We investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of CPE isolated from the environment (hospital sewage and river water) in the Philippines and found several CPE, including Escherichia coli and other species, with different carbapenemases. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene type was NDM, which is endemic in clinical settings. This study revealed that isolates belonging to carbapenemase-producing E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae sequence type 147 (ST147), which are often detected in clinical settings, were dominant in the natural environment. Our work here provides a report on the presence and characteristics of CPE in the environment in the Philippines and demonstrates that both hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in hospital sewage and river water in the Philippines, which has a typical tropical maritime climate. We collected 83 water samples from 7 hospital sewage and 10 river water sites. CPE were identified using CHROMagar mSuperCARBA, and Gram-negative strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) or 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae strains were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing, and transferability of carbapenemase genes from the CPE was investigated with conjugation experiments. Genotyping was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Out of 124 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, we identified 51 strains as CPE and divided these into 7 species, 11 E. coli, 14 Klebsiella spp., 15 Enterobacter spp., and 11 others, including 4 additional species. Conjugation experiments via broth mating and using E. coli J53 revealed that 24 isolates can transfer carbapenemase-encoding plasmids. MLST analysis showed that 6 of 11 E. coli isolates belonged to clonal complex 10 (CC10). Of 11 K. pneumoniae strains, 9 unique sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST147. Five types of carbapenemase genes were identified, with the most prevalent being NDM (n = 39), which is epidemic in clinical settings in the Philippines. E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae ST147, which are often detected in clinical settings, were the dominant strains. In summary, our results indicate that hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. IMPORTANCE Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cause severe health care-associated infections, and their increasing prevalence is a serious concern. Recently, natural ecosystems have been recognized as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. We investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of CPE isolated from the environment (hospital sewage and river water) in the Philippines and found several CPE, including Escherichia coli and other species, with different carbapenemases. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene type was NDM, which is endemic in clinical settings. This study revealed that isolates belonging to carbapenemase-producing E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae sequence type 147 (ST147), which are often detected in clinical settings, were dominant in the natural environment. Our work here provides a report on the presence and characteristics of CPE in the environment in the Philippines and demonstrates that both hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups.
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Osińska A, Korzeniewska E, Harnisz M, Felis E, Bajkacz S, Jachimowicz P, Niestępski S, Konopka I. Small-scale wastewater treatment plants as a source of the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:121221. [PMID: 31561123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant source of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can spread further in the environment by reaching rivers together with effluents discharged from WWTPs. In this study untreated and treated wastewater (UWW, TWW), upstream and downstream river water (URW, DRW) were collected from 4 WWTPs, in the winter and autumn seasons. The occurrence of ARB resistant to beta-lactams and tetracyclines as well as the presence of antibiotics from these classes were analysed in water and wastewater samples. Additionally, the amounts of 12 ARGs, 2 genes of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), gene uidA identifying E. coli and 16S rRNA were also determined. Resistance to beta-lactams prevailed among ARB in water and wastewater samples (constituting 82-88% of total counts of bacteria). The dominant genes in water and wastewater samples were blaTEM, tetA, sul1. The gene blaOXA demonstrated high variability of its concentration in samples collected in both seasons. Despite the high per cent reduction of ARB and ARGs concentration observed during the wastewater treatment processes, their large quantities are still transmitted into the environment. The research focuses on WWTPs' role in the dissemination of ARGs and MGEs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Osińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Jachimowicz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sebastian Niestępski
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Konopka
- Chair of Plant Raw Materials Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
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Zendri F, Maciuca IE, Moon S, Jones PH, Wattret A, Jenkins R, Baxter A, Timofte D. Occurrence of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli ST131, Including the H30-Rx and C1-M27 Subclones, Among Urban Seagulls from the United Kingdom. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:697-708. [PMID: 32519936 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern. Understanding any role that urban seagulls may have as a reservoir of resistant bacteria could be important for reducing transmission. This study investigated fecal Escherichia coli isolates from seagulls (herring gulls and lesser black-backed gulls) to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli among gull species from two cities (Taunton and Birmingham) in the United Kingdom (UK). We characterized the genetic background and carriage of plasmid-mediated resistance genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli obtained from these birds. Sixty ESC-R E. coli isolates were obtained from 39 seagulls (39/78, 50%), of which 28 (28/60, 46.7%) were positive for plasmid-mediated CTX-M and/or AmpC β-lactamase resistance genes. Among these, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCMY-2 predominated. Three isolates belonging to the B2-ST131 clone were detected, of which two harbored blaCTX-M-15 (typed to C2/H30Rx) and one harbored blaCTX-M-27 and was typed to C1/H30-R (recently described as the C1-M27 sublineage). The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene carriage prevalence (11.7%) consisted of aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrB genes. No carbapenem or colistin resistance genes were detected. Urban seagulls in the UK are colonized and can spread major antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates harboring ESBL and PMQR determinants, including clinically important strains such as the pandemic clone B2-ST131 and the C1-M27 subclade. This is the first report of ST131-C1-M27 subclade in wildlife in the UK and in seagulls worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Zendri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Iuliana E Maciuca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Moon
- Somerset West and Taunton Council, Environmental Health, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Wattret
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Jenkins
- School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Baxter
- Birdstrike Management Ltd., York, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
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Laport MS, Pinheiro U, Rachid CTCDC. Freshwater Sponge Tubella variabilis Presents Richer Microbiota Than Marine Sponge Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2799. [PMID: 31849922 PMCID: PMC6902092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges can host diverse and abundant communities of microorganisms, which constitute an interesting source of bioactive compounds. Thus, to broaden our knowledge about the diversity of the microbiota that is found in freshwater sponges, the microbial community of Tubella variabilis was analyzed using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches. Additionally, sponge-associated bacteria were compared with those living in the surrounding waters. Bacteria were also tested for antimicrobial production. Overall, the microbial composition identified comprises at least 44 phyla belonging mainly to Proteobacteria and low percentages of Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Alphaproteobacteria was the dominant class in T. variabilis while Betaproteobacteria was dominant in freshwater. Our data also revealed a high richness of bacteria in comparison to another freshwater sponge and 32 marine sponges. A global comparison of the structure of microbiota of different sponges showed that the main structuring factor may be the sponge environment, with T. variabilis and all freshwater sponges clustering together, and far away from the marine sponges. Bacterial strains from sponges and from freshwater were isolated and 163 morphotypes were phylogenetically identified. These belong to 26 genera, of which 12 were exclusively found in sponge samples and three only in freshwater. Inhibitory activities were also detected among 20–25% of the isolates from sponges and freshwater, respectively. This study presents new information on the composition of the microbial community found in freshwater sponges, which is diverse, abundant and distinct from some marine sponges. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity observed from the bacterial strains might play an important role in shaping microbial communities of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella Silva Laport
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Pinheiro
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Mills MC, Lee J. The threat of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in the environment: Evidence of widespread contamination of reservoirs at a global scale. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113143. [PMID: 31541827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) are a growing concern that are gathering more attention as potential sources for human infection. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are extremely dangerous, as carbapenems are often drugs of last resort that are used to treat multi-drug resistant infections. Among the genes capable of conferring carbapenem resistance to bacteria, the most transferrable are those that produce carbapenemase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes carbapenems and other β-lactam antibiotics. The goal of this review was to comprehensively identify global environmental reservoirs of carbapenemase-producing genes, as well as identify potential routes of transmission to humans. The genes of interest were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), Oxacillinase-48-type carbapenemases (OXA-48), and Verona Integron-Mediated Metallo-β-lactamase (VIM). Carbapenemase genes have been reported in the environment on almost every continent. Hospital and municipal wastewater, drinking water, natural waterways, sediments, recreational waters, companion animals, wildlife, agricultural environments, food animals, and retail food products were identified as current reservoirs of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and genes. Humans have been recorded as carrying CRE, without recent admittance to a hospital or long-term care facility in France, Egypt, and China. CRE infections from the environment have been reported in patients in Montpellier, France and Cairo, Egypt. This review demonstrates the need for 1) comprehensive monitoring of AR not only in waterways, but also other types of environmental matrices, such as aerosol, dusts, periphyton, and surfaces in indoor environments; and 2) action to reduce the prevalence and mitigate the effects of these potentially deadly resistance genes. In order to develop an accurate quantitative model for environmental dimensions of AR, longitudinal sampling and quantification of AR genes and bacteria are needed, using a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Mills
- College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Mahon BM, Brehony C, Cahill N, McGrath E, O'Connor L, Varley A, Cormican M, Ryan S, Hickey P, Keane S, Mulligan M, Ruane B, Jolley KA, Maiden MC, Brisse S, Morris D. Detection of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacterales in Irish recreational water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1-6. [PMID: 31299565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a major public health concern. The role that the aquatic environment plays in this dissemination is underexplored. This study aimed to examine seawater as a reservoir for CPE. Seawater sampling took place at a bathing site throughout the 2017 bathing season. Each 30 L sample (n = 6) was filtered using the CapE filtration system. Wastewater samples (200 mL) (pre-treatment (n = 3) and post-treatment (n = 3)) were obtained from a nearby secondary wastewater treatment plant, during the same time period. All samples were examined for CPE. Whole genome sequencing of confirmed CPE was carried out using Illumina sequencing. Isolate genomes were hosted in corresponding BIGSdb databases and analyses were performed using multiple web-based tools. CPE was detected in 2/6 seawater samples. It was not detected in any wastewater samples. OXA-48-like-producing ST131 Escherichia coli (Ec_BM707) was isolated from a seawater sample collected in May 2017 and OXA-48-like-producing ST101 Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp_BM758) was isolated from a seawater sample collected in August 2017. The genomes of the environmental isolates were compared to a collection of previously described Irish clinical OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacterales (n = 105). Ec_BM707 and Kp_BM758 harboured blaOXA-48 on similar mobile genetic elements to those identified in the clinical collection (pOXA-48 fragment in Ec_BM707 and IncL(pOXA-48) plasmid in Kp_BM758). Genetic similarities were observed between Ec_BM707 and several of the clinical ST131 E. coli, with allele matches at up to 98.2% of 2513 core genome multilocus sequence type (cgMLST) loci. In contrast, Kp_BM758 and the 34 clinical K. pneumoniae were genetically distant. The source of the CPE at this site was not identified. The detection of OXA-48-like-producing ST131 E. coli and OXA-48-like-producing ST101 K. pneumoniae in Irish recreational water is a concern. The potential for contamination of the aquatic environment to contribute to dissemination of CPE in Europe warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bláthnaid M Mahon
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| | - Carina Brehony
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh Cahill
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine McGrath
- Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Louise O'Connor
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Aine Varley
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinead Ryan
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Hickey
- Environmental Health Service, HSE West, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shane Keane
- Environmental Health Service, HSE West, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Fagerström A, Mölling P, Khan FA, Sundqvist M, Jass J, Söderquist B. Comparative distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from urine infections and environmental waters. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224861. [PMID: 31697734 PMCID: PMC6837386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have been reported in natural environments, and may be released through wastewater. In this study, the genetic relationship between ESBL-producing E. coli collected from patient urine samples (n = 45, both hospitalized patients and out-patients) and from environmental water (n = 82, from five locations), during the same time period, was investigated. Three independent water samples were collected from the municipal wastewater treatment plant, both incoming water and treated effluent water; the receiving river and lake; and a bird sanctuary near the lake, on two different occasions. The water was filtered and cultured on selective chromID ESBL agar plates in order to detect and isolate ESBL-producing E. coli. Illumina whole genome sequencing was performed on all bacterial isolates (n = 127). Phylogenetic group B2 was more common among the clinical isolates than the environmental isolates (44.4% vs. 17.1%, p < 0.01) due to a significantly higher prevalence of sequence type (ST) 131 (33.3% vs. 13.4%, p < 0.01). ST131 was, however, one of the most prevalent STs among the environmental isolates. There was no significant difference in diversity between the clinical isolates (DI 0.872 (0.790-0.953)) and the environmental isolates (DI 0.947 (0.920-0.969)). The distribution of ESBL genes was similar: blaCTX-M-15 dominated, followed by blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-27 in both the clinical (60.0%, 8.9%, and 6.7%) and the environmental isolates (62.2%, 12.2%, and 8.5%). Core genome multi-locus sequence typing showed that five environmental isolates, from incoming wastewater, treated wastewater, Svartån river and Hjälmaren lake, were indistinguishable or closely related (≤10 allele differences) to clinical isolates. Isolates of ST131, serotype O25:H4 and fimtype H30, from the environment were as closely related to the clinical isolates as the isolates from different patients were. This study confirms that ESBL-producing E. coli are common in the aquatic environment even in low-endemic regions and suggests that wastewater discharge is an important route for the release of ESBL-producing E. coli into the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fagerström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Paula Mölling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Faisal Ahmad Khan
- The Life Science Centre–Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Centre–Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Environmental Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistance Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a Tropical Ecosystem in India: Human Health Perspectives and Future Directives. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040174. [PMID: 31581701 PMCID: PMC6963203 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, infectious diseases have become increasingly challenging to treat, which is explained by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections at global level attribute a vast, dangerous clinical threat. In most cases, there are enormous difficulties for CRE infection except a few last resort toxic drugs such as tigecycline and colistin (polymyxin E). Due to this, CRE has now been categorized as one among the three most dangerous multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Considering this, the study of the frequency of CRE infections and the characterization of CRE is an important area of research in clinical settings. However, MDR bacteria are not only present in hospitals but are spreading more and more into the environment, thereby increasing the risk of infection with resistant bacteria outside the hospital. In this context, developing countries are a global concern where environmental regulations are often insufficient. It seems likely that overcrowding, poor sanitation, socioeconomic status, and limited infrastructures contribute to the rapid spread of MDR bacteria, becoming their reservoirs in the environment. Thus, in this review, we present the occurrence of CRE and their resistance determinants in different environmental compartments in India.
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Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase (KPC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) in the food production chain and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Miyagi K, Hirai I. A survey of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in environmental water in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan and relationship with indicator organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7697-7710. [PMID: 30666574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surveys of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-pE) in stream water and untreated wastewater were carried out in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Thirty-six samples of water were collected from 18 streams in Okinawa Prefecture, as well as ten samples of wastewater flowing into four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We investigated bacterial species, Escherichia coli O antigen, ESBL phenotype, ESBL genotype, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type of isolates, and total viable count and fecal coliforms as indicator organisms. The relation between indicator organisms and ESBL-pE was also validated using the same samples. A total of 141 ESBL-pE including 107 E. coli, 15 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Proteus mirabilis, and 17 other species was isolated from stream water and wastewater. Of the 141 ESBL-pE, 14.9% and 54.6% were found to be blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14-like types, respectively, which have been found in hospital isolates in Okinawa. Two pairs of possibly related patterns according to PFGE criteria were isolated from stream water and wastewater in two districts. When ESBL-pE was significantly isolated, total viable count and fecal coliform boundaries were ≥ 6.0 × 103 CFU/ml and ≥ 4.3 × 102 most probable number/100 ml, respectively. These results suggested that ESBL-pE isolated from stream water is human derived, and that total viable count and fecal coliforms will be useful as indicators for confirming the spread of ESBL-pE to the environment by means of simple hygiene surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Miyagi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hirai
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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Klebsiella pneumoniae prevents spore germination and hyphal development of Aspergillus species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:218. [PMID: 30659217 PMCID: PMC6338788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different bacteria and fungi live as commensal organisms as part of the human microbiota, but shifts to a pathogenic state potentially leading to septic infections commonly occur in immunocompromised individuals. Several studies have reported synergistic or antagonistic interactions between individual bacteria and fungi which might be of clinical relevance. Here, we present first evidence for the interaction between Klebsiella pneumoniae and several Aspergillus species including A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. niger and A. flavus which cohabit in the lungs and the intestines. Microbiological and molecular methods were employed to investigate the interaction in vitro, and the results indicate that Klebsiella pneumoniae is able to prevent Aspergillus spp. spore germination and hyphal development. The inhibitory effect is reversible, as demonstrated by growth recovery of Aspergillus spp. upon inhibition or elimination of the bacteria, and is apparently dependent on the physical interaction with metabolically active bacteria. Molecular analysis of Klebsiella-Aspergillus interaction has shown upregulation of Aspergillus cell wall-related genes and downregulation of hyphae-related genes, suggesting that Klebsiella induces cell wall stress response mechanisms and suppresses filamentous growth. Characterization of polymicrobial interactions may provide the basis for improved clinical management of mixed infections by setting the stage for appropriate diagnostics and ultimately for optimized treatment strategies.
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45
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Hille K, Felski M, Ruddat I, Woydt J, Schmid A, Friese A, Fischer J, Sharp H, Valentin L, Michael GB, Hörmansdorfer S, Messelhäußer U, Seibt U, Honscha W, Guerra B, Schwarz S, Rösler U, Käsbohrer A, Kreienbrock L. Association of farm-related factors with characteristics profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- / plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms. Vet Microbiol 2018; 223:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Furlan JPR, Pitondo-Silva A, Stehling EG. Detection of blaNDM-1 in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from Brazilian soil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170558. [PMID: 29768625 PMCID: PMC5961927 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene in an isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia obtained from a Brazilian soil, inside an IncA/C plasmid with ~ 45 Kb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report in the world and the first in Brazil of NDM-producing bacterium isolated from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - André Pitondo-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Müller H, Sib E, Gajdiss M, Klanke U, Lenz-Plet F, Barabasch V, Albert C, Schallenberg A, Timm C, Zacharias N, Schmithausen RM, Engelhart S, Exner M, Parcina M, Schreiber C, Bierbaum G. Dissemination of multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria into German wastewater and surface waters. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:4963742. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Müller
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Esther Sib
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mike Gajdiss
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Klanke
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Lenz-Plet
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Barabasch
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cathrin Albert
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Schallenberg
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Timm
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Nicole Zacharias
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Ricarda Maria Schmithausen
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Steffen Engelhart
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Martin Exner
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Marijo Parcina
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Schreiber
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, 53105 Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- University of Bonn, University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Roschanski N, Guenther S, Vu TTT, Fischer J, Semmler T, Huehn S, Alter T, Roesler U. VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail seafood, Germany 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29090680 PMCID: PMC5718389 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.43.17-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems belong to the group of last resort antibiotics in human medicine. Therefore, the emergence of growing numbers of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in food-producing animals or the environment is worrying and an important concern for the public health sector. In the present study, a set of 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolated from German retail seafood (clams and shrimps), sampled in 2016, were investigated by real-time PCR for the presence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. One Escherichia coli (ST10), isolated from a Venus clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) harvested in the Mediterranean Sea (Italy), contained the carbapenemase gene blaVIM-1 as part of the variable region of a class I integron. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the integron was embedded in a Tn3-like transposon that also contained the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrS1. Additional resistance genes such as the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase blaSHV-12 and the AmpC gene blaACC-1 were also present in this isolate. Except blaACC-1, all resistance genes were located on an IncY plasmid. These results confirm previous observations that carbapenemase-producing bacteria have reached the food chain and are of increasing concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Roschanski
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thi Thu Tra Vu
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Huehn
- Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Life Science and Technology, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
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Diab M, Hamze M, Bonnet R, Saras E, Madec JY, Haenni M. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in water sources in Lebanon. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:97-103. [PMID: 29615264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have been recurrently reported in both human and veterinary medicine, and carbapenemases have also emerged in these two sectors. Such resistance phenotypes were increasingly reported in the environment, which both receives and further disseminates multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Here, we report the high contamination of water samples (68.2%; 15/22) collected in estuaries in Lebanon. From these 15 contaminated sites, a total of 21 ESBL-producing (mostly harbouring the blaCTX-M-15 gene) and four carbapenemase-producing (two blaOXA-48 and two blaOXA-244) Enterobacteriaceae were recovered. ESBL contamination was also identified in water samples collected from rural wells and spring water, although at a lower frequency. Indeed, 1.9% (3/155) and 6.1% (7/115) of the wells and springs were contaminated, respectively, and all identified isolates were CTX-M-15-producing E. coli. Interestingly, sequence types (STs) previously associated both with animal and human reservoirs were detected (ST38, ST10 and ST131), suggesting a complex source of contamination. This situation is alarming since water drawn from wells or springs is directly intended for human consumption in Lebanon without any further treatment. Moreover, even though water from estuaries is not intended for human consumption, it is used to water animals and irrigate crops. Consequently, water contamination by ESBLs and carbapenemases in Lebanon is potentially a major risk to public health. Part of this work was presented at the 7th Symposium on Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals and the Environment (ARAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Diab
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon; Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France.
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50
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Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Activated Sludge in Austria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29522474 PMCID: PMC5877024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater contains different kinds of contaminants, including antibiotics and bacterial isolates with human-generated antibiotic resistances. In industrialized countries most of the wastewater is processed in wastewater treatment plants which do not only include commercial wastewater, but also wastewater from hospitals. Three multiresistant pathogens—extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-harbouring Enterobacteriaceae (Gram negative bacilli), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE)—were chosen for screening in a state of the art wastewater treatment plant in Austria. Over an investigation period of six months all three multiresistant pathogens could be isolated from activated sludge. ESBL was the most common resistance mechanism, which was found in different species of Enterobacteriaceae, and in one Aeromonas spp. Sequencing of ESBL genes revealed the dominance of genes encoding members of CTX-M β-lactamases family and a gene encoding for PER-1 ESBL was detected for the first time in Austria. MRSA and VRE could be isolated sporadically, including one EMRSA-15 isolate. Whereas ESBL is well documented as a surface water contaminant, reports of MRSA and VRE are rare. The results of this study show that these three multiresistant phenotypes were present in activated sludge, as well as species and genes which were not reported before in the region. The ESBL-harbouring Gram negative bacilli were most common.
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