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Bocca B, Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:1-35. [PMID: 38436298 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-based nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained particular interest in nanotechnology industry. They are used in various industrial processes, in biomedical applications or to improve functional properties of several consumer products. The widescale use of MNMs in the global consumer market has resulted in increases in the likelihood of exposure and risks to human beings. Human exposure to MNMs and assessment of their potential health effects through the concomitant application of biomarkers of exposure and effect of the most commonly used MNMs were reviewed in this paper. In particular, interactions of MNMs with biological systems and the nanobiomonitoring as a prevention tool to detect the early damage caused by MNMs as well as related topics like the influence of some physicochemical features of MNMs and availability of analytical approaches for MNMs testing in human samples were summarized in this review. The studies collected and discussed seek to increase the current knowledge on the internal dose exposure and health effects of MNMs, highlighting the advantages in using biomarkers in primary prevention and health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Guseva Canu I, Plys E, Velarde Crézé C, Fito C, Hopf NB, Progiou A, Riganti C, Sauvain JJ, Squillacioti G, Suarez G, Wild P, Bergamaschi E. A harmonized protocol for an international multicenter prospective study of nanotechnology workers: the NanoExplore cohort. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:1-19. [PMID: 36927342 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2180220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology applications are fast-growing in many industrial fields. Consequently, health effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) should be investigated. Within the EU-Life project NanoExplore, we developed a harmonized protocol of an international multicenter prospective cohort study of workers in ENM-producing companies. This article describes the development of the protocol, sample size calculation, data collection and management procedures and discusses its relevance with respect to research needs. Within this protocol, workers' ENM exposure will be assessed over four consecutive working days during the initial recruitment campaign and the subsequent follow-up campaigns. Biomonitoring using noninvasive sampling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), exhaled air, and urine will be collected before and after 4-day exposure monitoring. Both exposure and effect biomarkers, will be quantified along with pulmonary function tests and diagnosed diseases reported using a standardized epidemiological questionnaire available in four languages. Until now, this protocol was implemented at seven companies in Switzerland, Spain and Italy. The protocol is well standardized, though sufficiently flexible to include company-specific conditions and occupational hygiene measures. The recruitment, to date, of 140 participants and collection of all data and samples, enabled us launching the first international cohort of nanotechnology workers. All companies dealing with ENMs could join the NanoExplore Consortium, apply this harmonized protocol and enter in the cohort, concieved as an open cohort. Its protocol meets all requirements of a hypotheses-driven prospective study, which will assess and reassess effects of ENM exposure on workers' health by updating the follow-up of the cohort. New hypothesis could be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Plys
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Velarde Crézé
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Fito
- Institutotecnológico del embalaje, transporte y logística (ITENE), Paterna, Spain
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Andreu I, Ngo TM, Perez V, Bilton MW, Cadieux KEC, Paul MTY, Hidalgo Castillo TC, Bright Davies C, Gates BD. Contact transfer of engineered nanomaterials in the workplace. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210141. [PMID: 34457334 PMCID: PMC8371374 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential spread of cadmium selenide quantum dots in laboratory environments through contact of gloves with simulated dry spills on laboratory countertops. Secondary transfer of quantum dots from the contaminated gloves to other substrates was initiated by contact of the gloves with different materials found in the laboratory. Transfer of quantum dots to these substrates was qualitatively evaluated by inspection under ultraviolet illumination. This secondary contact resulted in the delivery of quantum dots to all the evaluated substrates. The amount of quantum dots transferred was quantified by elemental analysis. The residue containing quantum dots picked up by the glove was transferred to at least seven additional sections of the pristine substrate through a series of sequential contacts. These results demonstrate the potential for contact transfer as a pathway for spreading nanomaterials throughout the workplace, and that 7-day-old dried spills are susceptible to the propagation of nanomaterials by contact transfer. As research and commercialization of engineered nanomaterials increase worldwide, it is necessary to establish safe practices to protect workers from the potential for chronic exposure to potentially hazardous materials. Similar experimental procedures to those described herein can be adopted by industries or regulatory agencies to guide the development of their nanomaterial safety programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Andreu
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Tuan M. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Viridiana Perez
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Matthew W. Bilton
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Kelly E. C. Cadieux
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Michael T. Y. Paul
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Tania C. Hidalgo Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Clifton Bright Davies
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Byron D. Gates
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Ingram C, Downey V, Roe M, Chen Y, Archibald M, Kallas KA, Kumar J, Naughton P, Uteh CO, Rojas-Chaves A, Shrestha S, Syed S, Cléirigh Büttner F, Buggy C, Perrotta C. COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures in Workplace Settings: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7847. [PMID: 34360142 PMCID: PMC8345343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Workplaces can be high-risk environments for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent community transmission. Identifying, understanding, and implementing effective workplace SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to protect workers, their families, and communities. A rapid review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures implemented in global workplace settings through April 2021. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 IPC measures. The included studies comprised varying empirical designs and occupational settings. Measures of interest included surveillance measures, outbreak investigations, environmental adjustments, personal protective equipment (PPE), changes in work arrangements, and worker education. Sixty-one studies from healthcare, nursing home, meatpacking, manufacturing, and office settings were included, accounting for ~280,000 employees based in Europe, Asia, and North America. Meta-analyses showed that combined IPC measures resulted in lower employee COVID-19 positivity rates (0.2% positivity; 95% CI 0-0.4%) than single measures such as asymptomatic PCR testing (1.7%; 95% CI 0.9-2.9%) and universal masking (24%; 95% CI 3.4-55.5%). Modelling studies showed that combinations of (i) timely and widespread contact tracing and case isolation, (ii) facilitating smaller worker cohorts, and (iii) effective use of PPE can reduce workplace transmission. Comprehensive COVID-19 IPC measures incorporating swift contact tracing and case isolation, PPE, and facility zoning can effectively prevent workplace outbreaks. Masking alone should not be considered sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ingram
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (Y.C.); (M.A.); (K.-A.K.); (J.K.); (P.N.); (C.O.U.); (A.R.-C.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.B.); (C.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (Y.C.); (M.A.); (K.-A.K.); (J.K.); (P.N.); (C.O.U.); (A.R.-C.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.B.); (C.B.)
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Zhao X, Abulikemu A, Lv S, Qi Y, Duan J, Zhang J, Chen R, Guo C, Li Y, Sun Z. Oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytotoxicity by silica nanoparticle in lung epithelial cells from metabolomic perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129969. [PMID: 33662726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantities of researches have demonstrated silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) exposure inevitably induced damage to respiratory system, nonetheless, knowledge of its toxicological behavior and metabolic interactions with the cellular machinery that determines the potentially deleterious outcomes are limited and poorly elucidated. Here, the metabolic responses of lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) under SiNPs exposure were investigated using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics research. Results revealed that even with low cytotoxicity, SiNPs disturbed global metabolism. Five metabolic pathways were significantly perturbed, in particular, oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-related GSH metabolism and pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, where the identified metabolites glutathione (GSH), glycine, beta-alanine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and pantothenic acid were included. In support of the metabolomics profiling, SiNPs caused abnormality in mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the inhibition of cellular respiration and ATP production. Moreover, SiNPs triggered oxidative stress as confirmed by the dose-dependent ROS generation, down-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling, together with GSH depletion in SiNPs-treated BEAS-2B cells. Oxidative DNA damage and cell membrane dis-integrity were also detected in response to SiNPs exposure, which was correspondingly in agreed with the elevated 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and decreased phospholipids screened through metabolic analysis. Thereby, we successfully used the metabolomics approaches to manifest SiNPs-elicited toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and rupture of membrane integrity in BEAS-2B cells. Overall, our study provided novel insights into the mechanism underlying SiNPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Alimire Abulikemu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Songqing Lv
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Crézé C, François M, Hopf NB, Dorribo V, Sauvain JJ, Bergamaschi E, Garzaro G, Domat M, Friesl J, Penssler E, Progiou A, Guseva Canu I. Producers of Engineered Nanomaterials-What Motivates Company and Worker Participation in Biomonitoring Programs? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083851. [PMID: 33916897 PMCID: PMC8067629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Production and handling of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can yield worker exposure to these materials with the potential for unforeseen negative health effects. Biomonitoring enables regular exposure and health assessment and an effective risk management. We aimed to identify factors influencing biomonitoring acceptance according to hierarchical positions of ENM producers. Managers and workers were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Forty-three companies producing or handling ENMs such as titanium dioxide (61%) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (44%) participated. The majority of managers (72%) and all workers responded positively to participating in biomonitoring studies. The main reasons for refusing participation included concerns about data confidentiality and sufficient knowledge about ENM health and safety. Acquisitions of individual study results, improvement of workers’ safety, and help to the development of ENM-specific health and safety practice were among the most valuable reasons for positively considering participation. All workers indicated feeling comfortable with biomonitoring procedures of exhaled air sampling—about half were similarly comfortable with exhaled breath condensate, urine, and buccal cell sampling. The majority of both workers and managers stated that participation in a biomonitoring program should take place during working hours. Although our survey only had limited participation, our results are useful in designing appropriate biomonitoring programs for workers exposed to ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Crézé
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.F.); (N.B.H.); (V.D.); (J.-J.S.); (I.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)21-314-63-86
| | - Marjorie François
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.F.); (N.B.H.); (V.D.); (J.-J.S.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Nancy B. Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.F.); (N.B.H.); (V.D.); (J.-J.S.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Victor Dorribo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.F.); (N.B.H.); (V.D.); (J.-J.S.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.F.); (N.B.H.); (V.D.); (J.-J.S.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Industrial Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Industrial Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Maida Domat
- Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística (ITENE), 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Judith Friesl
- Yordas GmbH, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (J.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Eva Penssler
- Yordas GmbH, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (J.F.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.F.); (N.B.H.); (V.D.); (J.-J.S.); (I.G.C.)
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State of knowledge on the occupational exposure to carbon nanotubes. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 225:113472. [PMID: 32035287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) trigger fascination as well as anxiety, given their unique physical and chemical properties, and continuing concerns around their possible health effects. CNT exposure assessment is an integral component of occupational and environmental epidemiology, risk assessment, and management. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the quality of CNT occupational exposure assessments in field studies and to assess the relevance of available quantitative data from occupational hygiene and epidemiological perspectives. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for the period 2000-2018. To grade the quality of each study, we used a standardized grid of seven criteria. The first criterion addressed 12 items deemed most relevant CNT physical-chemical properties with respect to their in vitro and in vivo toxicity. We included 27 studies from 11 countries in the review and graded them high (n = 2), moderate (n = 15) and low quality (n = 10). Half of the studies measured elemental carbon mass concentration (EC) using different methods and aerosol fractions. In 85% of studies, the observed values exceed the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit. The quantification of CNT agglomerates and/or CNT contained fibers becomes increasingly common although lacking methodological standardization. Work activities with the greatest mean CNT mass concentrations were non-enclosed and included sieving, harvesting, packaging, reactor cleaning, extrusion and pelletizing. Some of the large studies defined standardized job titles according to exposure estimates at corresponding workstations and classified them by decreasing CNT exposure level: technicians > engineers > chemists. The already initiated harmonization of CNT exposure assessment and result reporting need to continue to favor not only studies in the field, but also to identify companies and workers using CNTs to characterize their exposures as well as monitor their health. This will enable an objective and realistic evaluation of risks associated with CNT applications and an appropriate risk management.
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Ekdahl KN, Fromell K, Mohlin C, Teramura Y, Nilsson B. A human whole-blood model to study the activation of innate immunity system triggered by nanoparticles as a demonstrator for toxicity. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:688-698. [PMID: 31275460 PMCID: PMC6598515 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1625721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we focus on activation of the soluble components of the innate immune system triggered by nonbiological compounds and stress variances in activation due to the difference in size between nanoparticles (NPs) and larger particles or bulk material of the same chemical and physical composition. We then discuss the impact of the so-called protein corona which is formed on the surface of NPs when they come in contact with blood or other body fluids. For example, NPs which bind inert proteins, proteins which are prone to activate the contact system (e.g., factor XII), which may lead to clotting and fibrin formation or the complement system (e.g., IgG or C3), which may result in inflammation and vascular damage. Furthermore, we describe a whole blood model which we have developed to monitor activation and interaction between different components of innate immunity: blood protein cascade systems, platelets, leukocytes, cytokine generation, which are induced by NPs. Finally, we describe our own studies on innate immunity system activation induced by three fundamentally different species of NPs (two types of engineered NPs and diesel NPs) as demonstrator of the utility of an initial determination of the composition of the protein corona formed on NPs exposed to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma and subsequent analysis in our whole blood model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Mohlin
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Schulte PA, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Current state of knowledge on the health effects of engineered nanomaterials in workers: a systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019; 45:217-238. [PMID: 30653633 PMCID: PMC6494687 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The widespread application of nano-enabled products and the increasing likelihood for workplace exposures make understanding engineered nanomaterial (ENM) effects in exposed workers a public and occupational health priority. The aim of this study was to report on the current state of knowledge on possible adverse effects induced by ENM in humans to determine the toxicological profile of each type of ENM and potential biomarkers for early detection of such effects in workers. Methods A systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations of exposed workers relative to the possible adverse effects for the most widely used ENM was performed through searches of major scientific databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results Twenty-seven studies were identified. Most of the epidemiological investigations were cross-sectional. The review found limited evidence of adverse effects in workers exposed to the most commonly used ENM. However, some biological alterations are suggestive for possible adverse impacts. The primary targets of some ENM exposures were the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Changes in biomarker levels compared with controls were also observed; however, limited exposure data and the relatively short period since the first exposure may have influenced the incidence of adverse effects found in epidemiological studies. Conclusions There is a need for longitudinal epidemiologic investigations with clear exposure characterizations for various ENM to discover potential adverse health effects and identify possible indicators of early biological alterations. In this state of uncertainty, precautionary controls for each ENM are warranted while further study of potential health effects continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1150 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Gao M, Wang Z, Liu R, Xia T, Liu S. Silver Nanoparticles Compromise Female Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation through Disturbing X Chromosome Inactivation. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2050-2061. [PMID: 30650303 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised substantial health risks to human beings. Despite a wealth of progress on toxicity studies, the understanding of the adverse effects on fetuses, embryos, and early stage cells is still rather limited, particularly under low-dose exposure settings. Moreover, nearly all previous studies ascribed AgNP-induced toxic effects to oxidative stress. Differently, we here unearthed a mechanism, namely, interruption of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Albeit with no observable cytotoxicity, significant differentiation retardation was found in female mESCs upon low-dose AgNP exposure. Mechanistic investigations uncovered expedited inactivation for the inactive X chromosome (Xi) and attenuated maintenance of the active X chromosome (Xa) state during mESC differentiation upon the challenge of low-dose AgNPs, indicative of disordered XCI. Thereby, a few X-linked genes (which are closely involved in orchestrating ESC differentiation) were found to be repressed, partially attributable to reinforced enrichment of histone modification ( e. g., histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation, H3K27me3) on their promoter regions, as the result of disordered XCI. In stark contrast to female mESCs, no impairment of differentiation was observed in male mESCs under low-dose AgNP exposure. All considered, our data unearthed that AgNPs at low concentrations compromised the differentiation program of female mESCs through disturbing XCI. Thus, this work would provide a model for the type of studies necessary to advance the understandings on AgNP-induced developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yongjiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan Province 453003 , China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Schulte P, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:112-124. [PMID: 29920308 PMCID: PMC6239923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the number of nanomaterial workers increase there is need to consider whether biomonitoring of exposure should be used as a routine risk management tool. Currently, no biomonitoring of nanomaterials is mandated by authoritative or regulatory agencies. However, there is a growing knowledge base to support such biomonitoring, but further research is needed as are investigations of priorities for biomonitoring. That research should be focused on validation of biomarkers of exposure and effect. Some biomarkers of effect are generally nonspecific. These biomarkers need further interpretation before they should be used. Overall biomonitoring of nanomaterial workers may be important to supplement risk assessment and risk management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - V Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M Niang
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - I Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Ekdahl KN, Davoodpour P, Ekstrand-Hammarström B, Fromell K, Hamad OA, Hong J, Bucht A, Mohlin C, Seisenbaeva GA, Kessler VG, Nilsson B. Contact (kallikrein/kinin) system activation in whole human blood induced by low concentrations of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:735-744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Guseva Canu I, Schulte PA, Riediker M, Fatkhutdinova L, Bergamaschi E. Methodological, political and legal issues in the assessment of the effects of nanotechnology on human health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 72:148-153. [PMID: 29203525 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) raise questions among the scientific community and public health authorities about their potential risks to human health. Studying a prospective cohort of workers exposed to ENMs would be considered the gold standard for identifying potential health effects of nanotechnology and confirming the 'no effect' levels derived from cellular and animal models. However, because only small, cross-sectional studies have been conducted in the past 5 years, questions remain about the health risks of ENMs. This essay addresses the scientific, methodological, political and regulatory issues that make epidemiological research in nanotechnology-exposed communities particularly complex. Scientific challenges include the array of physicochemical parameters and ENM production conditions, the lack of universally accepted definitions of ENMs and nanotechnology workers, and the lack of information about modes of action, target organs and likely dose-response functions of ENMs. Standardisation of data collection and harmonisation of research protocols are needed to eliminate misclassification of exposures and health effects. Forming ENM worker cohorts from a combination of smaller cohorts and overcoming selection bias are also challenges. National or international registries for monitoring the exposures and health of ENM workers would be helpful for epidemiological studies, but the creation of such a registry and ENM worker cohorts will require political support and dedicated funding at the national and international levels. Public authorities and health agencies should consider carrying out an ENM awareness campaign to educate and engage all stakeholders and concerned communities in discussion of such a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Suisse, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Schulte
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Riediker
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Suisse, Switzerland.,IOM (Institute of Occupational Medicine) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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