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Sayeed UB, Akhtar E, Roy AK, Akter S, von Ehrenstein OS, Raqib R, Wagatsuma Y. Fetal femur length and risk of diabetes in adolescence: a prospective cohort study. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:44. [PMID: 38951934 PMCID: PMC11218328 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is more apparent in adulthood but may be dormant in childhood and originates during early fetal development. In fetal biometry, femur length (FL) is crucial for assessing fetal growth and development. This study aimed to assess potential associations between fetal femur growth and prediabetic biomarkers in Bangladeshi children. METHODS A cohort study embedded in a population-based maternal food and micronutrient supplementation (MINIMat) trial was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. The children in the cohort were followed up until 15 years of age. In the original trial, pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound before 13 gestational weeks (GWs). Afterward, ultrasound assessments were performed at 14, 19, and 30 GWs. FL was measured from one end to the other, capturing a complete femoral image. The FL was standardized by GW, and a z-score was calculated. FBG and HbA1c levels were determined in plasma and whole blood, and the triglyceride-glucose index, a biomarker of insulin resistance, was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Multivariable linear regression analysis using a generalized linear model was performed to estimate the effects of FL at 14, 19 and 30 GWs on prediabetic biomarkers at 9 and 15 years of age. Maternal micronutrient and food supplementation group, parity, child sex, and BMI at 9 years or 15 years were included as covariates. RESULTS A total of 1.2% (6/515) of the participants had impaired fasting glucose during preadolescence, which increased to 3.5% (15/433) during adolescence. At 9 years, 6.3% (32/508) of the participants had elevated HbA1c%, which increased to 28% (120/431) at 15 years. Additionally, the TyG index increased from 9.5% (49/515) (during preadolescence) to 13% (56/433) (during adolescence). A one standard deviation decrease in FL at 14 and 19 GWs was associated with increased FBG (β = - 0.44 [- 0.88, - 0.004], P = 0.048; β = - 0.59 [- 1.12, - 0.05], P = 0.031) and HbA1c (β = - 0.01; [- 0.03, -0.005], P = 0.007; β = - 0.01 [- 0.03, - 0.003], P = 0.018) levels at 15 years. FL was not associated with diabetic biomarkers at 9 years. CONCLUSION Mid-trimester impaired femur growth may be associated with elevated prediabetic biomarkers in Bangladeshi adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urme Binte Sayeed
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Nutrition Research Division, icddr, b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Nutrition Research Division, icddr, b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Nutrition Research Division, icddr, b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Nutrition Research Division, icddr, b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Trials and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 805-3575, Japan
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Zhu L, Tillquist N, Scatolin G, Gately R, Kawaida M, Reiter A, Reed S, Zinn S, Govoni K, Jiang Z. Maternal restricted- and over- feeding during gestation perturb offspring sperm epigenome in sheep. Reproduction 2023; 166:311-322. [PMID: 37647207 PMCID: PMC10962644 DOI: 10.1530/rep-23-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In brief Inadequate maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and lifelong effects on offspring. This study shows that maternal restricted - and over- nutrition during gestation do not affect semen characteristics in F1 male offspring but alters offspring sperm sncRNA profiles and DNA methylome in sheep. Abstract There is a growing body of evidence that inadequate maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and lifelong effects on offspring. However, little is known about the effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on male offspring reproduction. Here, using a sheep model of maternal restricted - and over - nutrition (60 or 140% of the National Research Council requirements) during gestation, we found that maternal restricted - and over - nutrition do not affect semen characteristics (i.e. volume, sperm concentration, pH, sperm motility, sperm morphology) or scrotal circumference in male F1 offspring. However, using small RNA sequencing analysis, we demonstrated that both restricted - and over - nutrition during gestation induced marked changes in composition and expression of sperm small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) subpopulations including in male F1 offspring. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis further identified specific genomic loci where poor maternal nutrition resulted in alterations in DNA methylation. These findings indicate that maternal restricted - and over - nutrition during gestation induce epigenetic modifications in sperm of F1 offspring sperm in sheep, which may contribute to environmentally influenced phenotypes in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkai Zhu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicole Tillquist
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Giovanna Scatolin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rachael Gately
- Department of Ambulatory Medicine and Theriogenology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536
| | - Mia Kawaida
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amanda Reiter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sarah Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Steven Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Kristen Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, FL 32610, USA
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Moon RJ, Citeroni NL, Aihie RR, Harvey NC. Early Life Programming of Skeletal Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:433-446. [PMID: 37335525 PMCID: PMC10393901 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increasing bone mineral accrual during childhood might delay the onset of osteoporosis. We discuss the scientific evidence for early life approaches to optimising skeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS There is an ever-growing body of evidence from observational studies suggesting associations between early life exposures, particularly during foetal development, and bone mineral density (BMD). The findings of such studies are often heterogeneous, and for some exposures, for example, maternal smoking and alcohol intake in pregnancy or age at conception, intervention studies are not feasible. The most frequently studied exposures in intervention studies are calcium or vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, which overall suggest positive effects on offspring childhood BMD. Maternal calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy appear to have positive effects on offspring BMD during early childhood, but further long-term follow-up is required to demonstrate persistence of the effect into later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Natasha L. Citeroni
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | | | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Tillquist NM, Reed SA, Kawaida MY, Reiter AS, Smith BI, Jang H, Lee JY, Lee EC, Zinn SA, Govoni KE. Restricted- and over-feeding during gestation decreases growth of offspring throughout maturity. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad061. [PMID: 37334247 PMCID: PMC10276548 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition on the growth and metabolism of offspring into maturity, multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins (n = 46) were fed to either 100% (control; n = 13), 60% (restricted; n = 17), or 140% (over; n = 16) of National Research Council requirements from day 30 ± 0.02 of gestation until parturition. Offspring of these ewes are referred to as CON (n = 10 ewes; 12 rams), RES (n = 13 ewes; 21 rams), or OVER (n = 16 ewes; 13 rams), respectively. Lamb body weights (BW) and blood samples were collected weekly from birth (day 0) to day 28 and then every 14 d until day 252. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (infusion of 0.25 g dextrose/kg BW) was performed at day 133 ± 0.25. At day 167 ± 1.42, individual daily intake was recorded over a 77 d feeding period to determine residual feed intake (RFI). Rams were euthanized at day 282 ± 1.82 and body morphometrics, loin eye area (LEA), back fat thickness, and organ weights were collected. The right leg was collected from rams at necropsy and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and length. Averaged from day 0 until day 252, RES and OVER offspring weighed 10.8% and 6.8% less than CON offspring, respectively (P ≤ 0.02). When adjusted for BW, liver and testes weights tended to be increased and decreased, respectively, in RES rams compared with CON rams (P ≤ 0.08). Additionally, RES BMD and bone length were less than CON rams (P ≤ 0.06). Treatment did not influence muscle mass, LEA, or adipose deposition (P ≥ 0.41). Rams (-0.17) were more feed efficient than ewes (0.23; P < 0.01); however, no effect of maternal diet was observed (P ≥ 0.57). At 2 min post glucose infusion, glucose concentrations in OVER offspring were greater than CON and RES offspring (P = 0.04). Concentrations of insulin in CON rams tended to be greater than OVER and RES ewes at 5 min (P ≤ 0.07). No differences were detected in insulin:glucose or area under the curve (AUC) for glucose or insulin (P ≤ 0.29). Maternal diet did not impact offspring triglycerides or cholesterol (P ≤ 0.35). Pre-weaning leptin tended to be 70% greater in OVER offspring than CON (P ≤ 0.07). These data indicate that poor maternal nutrition impairs offspring growth throughout maturity but does not affect RFI. Changes in metabolic factors and glucose tolerance are minimal, highlighting the need to investigate other mechanisms that may contribute to negative impacts of poor maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Tillquist
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mia Y Kawaida
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Amanda S Reiter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Brandon I Smith
- Present address: Amador Bioscience, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Hyung Jang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Bezerra AF, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Cavalcanti CM, Silva MRL, Conde AJH, Tetaping GM, Ferreira ACA, Melo LM, Rodrigues APR, Rondina D. Dyslipidemia induced by lipid diet in late gestation donor impact on growth kinetics and in vitro potential differentiation of umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells in goats. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1259-1270. [PMID: 36125693 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the umbilical cord (UC) have several attractive properties for clinical use. This study aimed to verify the impact of a lipid-rich diet during late gestation of donor goats on the growth and differentiation of MSCs from UC. From the 100th day of pregnancy to delivery, 22 goats were grouped based on their diet into the donor-lipid (DLD; n = 11) and donor-baseline (DBD; n = 11) diet groups. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% on a dry matter basis). Wharton's jelly (WJ) fragments were cultured. After primary culture, samples of WJ-MSCs were characterized by the expression of CD90, CD73, CD34, CD45, CD105, and Fas genes, mitochondrial activity using MitoTracker (MT) fluorescence probe, and growth kinetics. Population doubling time (PDT) was also determined. WJ-MSCs were differentiated into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes, and the mineralized area and adipocytes were determined. The lipid diet significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels during pregnancy. The DLD group showed sub-expression of the CD90 gene, a high MT intensity, and a low proliferation rate at the end of the subculture. The mean PDT was 83.9 ± 1.3 h. Mineralized area and lipid droplet stain intensity from osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations, respectively, were greater in DLD. We conclude that in donor goats, dietary dyslipidemia during late pregnancy affects the ability of UC-derived MSCs to express their developmental potential in vitro, thus limiting their possible use for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Muniz Cavalcanti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gildas Mbemya Tetaping
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Magalhães Melo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitario Fametro (UNIFAMETRO), Fortaleza, CE, 60010-470, Brazil
| | | | - Davide Rondina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, 60.714.903, Brazil.
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Giakoumaki I, Pollock N, Aljuaid T, Sannicandro AJ, Alameddine M, Owen E, Myrtziou I, Ozanne SE, Kanakis I, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8815. [PMID: 35955948 PMCID: PMC9369224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterised by an age-related decrease in the number of muscle fibres and additional weakening of the remaining fibres, resulting in a reduction in muscle mass and function. Many studies associate poor maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation with altered skeletal muscle homeostasis in the offspring and the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the musculoskeletal physiology in offspring born to mouse dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy was altered and whether any physiological changes could be modulated by the nutritional protein content in early postnatal stages. Thy1-YFP female mice were fed ad libitum on either a normal (20%) or a low-protein (5%) diet. Newborn pups were cross-fostered to different lactating dams (maintained on a 20% or 5% diet) to generate three groups analysed at weaning (21 days): Normal-to-Normal (NN), Normal-to-Low (NL) and Low-to-Normal (LN). Further offspring were maintained ad libitum on the same diet as during lactation until 12 weeks of age, creating another three groups (NNN, NLL, LNN). Mice on a low protein diet postnatally (NL, NLL) exhibited a significant reduction in body and muscle weight persisting up to 12 weeks, unlike mice on a low protein diet only prenatally (LN, LNN). Muscle fibre size was reduced in mice from the NL but not LN group, showing recovery at 12 weeks of age. Muscle force was reduced in NLL mice, concomitant with changes in the NMJ site and changes in atrophy-related and myosin genes. In addition, μCT scans of mouse tibiae at 12 weeks of age revealed changes in bone mass and morphology, resulting in a higher bone mass in the NLL group than the control NNN group. Finally, changes in the expression of miR-133 in the muscle of NLL mice suggest a regulatory role for this microRNA in muscle development in response to postnatal diet changes. Overall, this data shows that a low maternal protein diet and early postnatal life low-protein intake in mice can impact skeletal muscle physiology and function in early life while postnatal low protein diet favours bone integrity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Giakoumaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Natalie Pollock
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- The MRC—Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Turki Aljuaid
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony J. Sannicandro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Euan Owen
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Ioanna Myrtziou
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester CH2 1BR, UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- University of Cambridge MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester CH2 1BR, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- The MRC—Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- The MRC—Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Rontogianni A, Dontas IA, Halazonetis D, Tosios K, Lelovas P, Venetsanou K, Galanos A, Tsolakis AI. Intrauterine growth restriction affects bone mineral density of the mandible and the condyle in growing rats. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2022; 22:93-101. [PMID: 35234164 PMCID: PMC8919654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate in growing rats the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on the bone mineral density of the mandible and tibia, as well as the quality of the mandibular and condylar bone. METHODS Twelve male rats were born IUGR by mothers sustaining 50% food restriction during pregnancy. Twelve control male rats were born by mothers fed ad libitum. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the tibia, proximal tibial metaphysis and the mandible, biochemical markers, histology and histomorphometrical analysis on the mandibular and subchondral bone of the condyle were performed. RESULTS IUGR significantly affected bone mineral density (BMD) of both tibial and mandibular bones. IUGR rats had significantly lower osteocalcin values (p=0.021) and phosphorus (p=0.028), but not 25-OH vitamin D (p=0.352). Bone area percentage in the mandible was significantly lower (51.21±5.54) in IUGR compared to controls (66.00±15.49), and for subchondral bone of the condyle for IUGR (47.01±6.82) compared to controls (68.27±13.37). IUGR had a significant reduction in the fibrous layer, but not the proliferating layer, with the hypertrophic layer significantly increased. CONCLUSION Maternal restricted nutrition during gestation can affect BMD of the mandible and the tibia of the offspring animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Rontogianni
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece,Corresponding author: Aliki Rontogianni, 34 Zalokosta str, Halandri, Athens, Greece E-mail:
| | - Ismene A. Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Venetsanou
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Impact of donor nutritional balance on the growth and development of mesenchymal stem cells from caprine umbilical cord Wharton´s jelly. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:169-182. [PMID: 34625865 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord (UC) have aroused considerable interest. However, little is known about the maternal effect on these cells. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the nutritional status of donor goats on the growth and differentiation of MSCs from the UC. At parturition, 19 goats were grouped based on their low or high body mass index (low BMI, LBMI, n = 9; and high BMI, HBMI, n = 10). UCs were collected during delivery and Wharton's jelly (WJ) fragments cultured. WJ-MSCs were differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and the population doubling time (PDT) was determined. Samples of WJ-MSCs were also used to verify the expression of the CD90, CD73, CD34, CD45, and CD105 genes. Media used for WJ-MSC primary cultures were analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy. The lag phase was 7.5 ± 0.6 days and the entire culture took 26.7 ± 1.3 days, with a cell proliferation rate of 8.500 cells/day. The mean PDT from subculture was 30.0 ± 0.7 h. The CD105 gene was sub-expressed in LBMI, and the spectra of the spent media from the second to fourth day of WJ-MSC primary culture were segregated into negative scores by multivariate analysis. We conclude that, in goats, the nutritional balance of the donor did not affect the in vitro growth of MSCs derived from the UC. However, the molecular profile observed in the low BMI group suggests that the use of MSCs for therapeutic purposes should be considered more carefully.
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Luo K, Chen P, He M, Yang Y, Chen J, Wang T. Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Histomorphometry in Pubertal Rats with Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:359-368. [PMID: 31989849 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1710791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of malnutrition during pregnancy on bone development in rat pups with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods: IUGR offspring were induced with a 10% low protein diet, while the control group was given a 21% protein diet during pregnancy. Serum biomarkers including bone glutamyl protein (BGP), amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), cross linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were measured at 7, 21 and 56 d. Left femurs taken at 56 d were used for bone histomorphometry analysis by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: Compared with the control group, the IUGR group had lower IGF-1 and BGP levels at 7 and 21 d, and higher P1NP and NTX levels at 7 d. The IUGR group had thinner trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), lower trabecular number (Tb.N), and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) at 56 d. Conclusion: The effect of IUGR on bone development may persist after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiju Luo
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingyang Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingfeng He
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juncao Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet increased CLA incorporation in liver and alters hepatic lipid metabolism in chick offspring. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1443-1454. [PMID: 33658091 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet on development and hepatic lipid metabolism of chick offspring. Hy-Line Brown breeder hens were allocated into two groups, supplemented with 0 (CT) or 0.5% CLA for 8 weeks. Offspring chicks were grouped according to the mother generation and fed for 7 days. CLA treatment had no significant influence on development, egg quality, and fertility of breeder hens, but darkened the egg yolks in shade and increased yolk sac mass compared to CT group. Addition of CLA resulted in increased body mass and liver mass, and decreased deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue in chick offspring. The serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels of chick offspring were decreased in CLA group. CLA treatment increased the incorporation of both CLA isomers (c9t11 and t10c12) in liver of chick offspring, accompanied by the decreased hepatic TG levels, related to the significant reduction of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme activities and the increased of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) enzyme activity. Meanwhile, CLA treatment reduced the mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS, ACC, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c), and induced the expression of genes related to β-oxidative (CPT1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) in chick offspring liver. In summary, the addition of CLA in breeder hens diet significantly increased incorporation of CLA in liver of chick offspring, which further regulate hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Syggelos N, Augoulea A, Armeni E, Kaparos G, Vafaei H, Dontas I, Marinou K, Vaggos G, Raptou P, Lambrinoudaki I, Eleftheriades M, Nicolaides KH. Impact of prenatal and postnatal nutritional manipulation on bone quality in adult Wistar rats offspring. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Sartori ED, Sessim AG, Brutti DD, Lopes JF, McManus CM, Barcellos JOJ. Fetal programming in sheep: effects on pre- and postnatal development in lambs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5902497. [PMID: 32894763 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the effects of maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy on fetal weight and morphometric measurements during pregnancy, at birth, and postnatal period in sheep. After completing the search, selection, and data extraction steps, the measure of effect was generated by the individual comparison of each indicator with the average of the control and treated group (undernutrition or overnutrition) using the DerSimonian and Laird method for random effects. Subgroup analyses were also performed for lambing order, litter size, sex, as well as level, timing, and duration of the intervention. Fetal weight during the first third of pregnancy was not affected by maternal undernutrition or overnutrition. On the other hand, undernutrition in the second and last third of gestation reduces the weight of the lamb both during pregnancy, at birth, and during the postnatal period, requiring at least 120 postnatal days to achieve the same weight as its contemporaries in the control treatment. However, this reduction in weight is not accompanied by reductions in morphometric measurements, demonstrating that the animals were lighter, but of equal size. In overnutrition, there is an increase in fetal weight in the second third of gestation. However, in the last third of the gestational period, there are no differences in fetal weight for the multiparous subgroup, but it was reduced in primiparous ewes. There are no effects of overnutrition on birth weight; however, this result is highly heterogeneous. Thus, maternal nutrition of ewe during pregnancy has effects on fetal and postnatal weight, but not on size. Furthermore, the effects of undernutrition are more homogeneous while overnutrition showed heterogeneous responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton D Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amir G Sessim
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danielle D Brutti
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jusecléia F Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Concepta M McManus
- University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Júlio O J Barcellos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Weatherall EL, Avilkina V, Cortes-Araya Y, Dan-Jumbo S, Stenhouse C, Donadeu FX, Esteves CL. Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Is Altered by Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:558905. [PMID: 33251256 PMCID: PMC7676910 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistency in clinical outcomes is key to the success of therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine. MSCs are used to treat both humans and companion animals (horses, dogs, and cats). The properties of MSC preparations can vary significantly with factors including tissue of origin, donor age or health status. We studied the effects of developmental programming associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on MSC properties, particularly related to multipotency. IUGR results from inadequate uterine capacity and placental insufficiency of multifactorial origin. Both companion animals (horses, dogs, cats) and livestock (pigs, sheep, cattle) can be affected by IUGR resulting in decreased body size and other associated changes that can include, alterations in musculoskeletal development and composition, and increased adiposity. Therefore, we hypothesized that this dysregulation occurs at the level of MSCs, with the cells from IUGR animals being more prone to differentiate into adipocytes and less to other lineages such as chondrocytes and osteocytes compared to those obtained from normal animals. IUGR has consequences on health and performance in adult life and in the case of farm animals, on meat quality. In humans, IUGR is linked to increased risk of metabolic (type 2 diabetes) and other diseases (cardiovascular), later in life. Here, we studied porcine MSCs where IUGR occurs spontaneously, and shows features that recapitulate human IUGR. We compared the properties of adipose-derived MSCs from IUGR (IUGR-MSCs) and Normal (Normal-MSCs) new-born pig littermates. Both MSC types grew clonally and expressed typical MSC markers (CD105, CD90, CD44) at similar levels. Importantly, tri-lineage differentiation capacity was significantly altered by IUGR. IUGR-MSCs had higher adipogenic capacity than Normal-MSCs as evidenced by higher adipocyte content and expression of the adipogenic transcripts, PPARγ and FABP4 (P < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for fibrogenesis, where, upon differentiation, IUGR-MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of COL1A1 (P < 0.03) than Normal-MSCs. In contrast, chondrogenic and osteogenic potential were decreased in IUGR-MSCs as shown by a smaller chondrocyte pellet and osteocyte staining, and lower expression of SOX9 (P < 0.05) and RUNX2 (P < 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, the regenerative potential of MSCs appears to be determined prenatally in IUGR and this should be taken into account when selecting cell donors in regenerative therapy programmes both in humans and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Weatherall
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Viktorija Avilkina
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yennifer Cortes-Araya
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Dan-Jumbo
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Stenhouse
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc X Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,The Euan Macdonald Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina L Esteves
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Greenwood PL, Bell AW. Developmental Programming and Growth of Livestock Tissues for Meat Production. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:303-319. [PMID: 31103183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal regulation of fetal development has consequences for growth and development of carcass tissues. Severely restricted fetal growth can reduce postnatal growth capacity, resulting in smaller-for-age animals that take longer to reach market weights but has little effect on feedlot efficiency or carcass and meat quality. Specific nutritional supplementation, particularly during later pregnancy, may limit fetal growth retardation and enhance postnatal growth capacity and carcass characteristics, and may improve development of intramuscular fat. Continued improvements in understanding developmental processes and their regulation will increase future capacity to improve growth, efficiency, carcasses, and meat quality through developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Greenwood
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - Alan W Bell
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4801, USA
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Govoni KE, Reed SA, Zinn SA. CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: METABOLIC RESPONSES TO STRESS: FROM ANIMAL TO CELL: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation: effects on offspring whole-body and tissue-specific metabolism in livestock species1,2. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3142-3152. [PMID: 31070226 PMCID: PMC6606510 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition, both restricted-feeding and overfeeding, during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, body composition, and metabolism. The effects are observed as early as the prenatal period and often persist through postnatal growth and adulthood. There is evidence of multigenerational effects demonstrating the long-term negative impacts on livestock production. We and others have demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition impairs muscle growth, increases adipose tissue, and negatively affects liver function. In addition to altered growth, changes in key metabolic factors, increased glucose concentrations, insulin insensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are observed during the postnatal period. Furthermore, there is recent evidence of altered metabolism in specific tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, and liver) and stem cells. The systemic and local changes in metabolism demonstrate the importance of determining the mechanism(s) by which maternal diet programs offspring growth and metabolism in an effort to develop novel management practices to improve the efficiency of growth and health in these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Duan JE, Flock K, Jue N, Zhang M, Jones A, Seesi SA, Mandoiu I, Pillai S, Hoffman M, O'Neill R, Zinn S, Govoni K, Reed S, Jiang H, Jiang ZC, Tian XC. Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:305-314. [PMID: 30482800 PMCID: PMC6325915 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ohno's hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients), and in conceptuses, juvenile, and adult somatic tissues. By computing the mean expression ratio of all X-linked genes to all autosomal genes (X:A), we found that all samples displayed some levels of X chromosome upregulation. The degrees of X upregulation were not significant (P-value = 0.74) between ovine females and males in the same somatic tissues. Brain, however, displayed complete X upregulation. Interestingly, the male and female reproduction-related tissues exhibited divergent X dosage upregulation. Moreover, expression upregulation of the X chromosome in fetal tissues was not affected by maternal diets. Maternal nutrition, however, did change expression levels of several X-linked genes, such as sex determination genes SOX3 and NR0B1 In summary, our results showed that X chromosome upregulation occurred in nearly all sheep somatic tissues analyzed, thus support Ohno's hypothesis in a new species. However, the levels of upregulation differed by different subgroups of genes such as those that are house-keeping and "dosage-sensitive".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathanial Jue
- School of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Animal Science
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | | | - Sahar Al Seesi
- Smith College Department of Computer Science, Northampton, MA 01063
- Department of Computer Science
| | | | | | | | - Rachel O'Neill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269
| | | | | | | | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China, and
| | - Zongliang Carl Jiang
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Animal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Gugjoo MB, Amarpal. Mesenchymal stem cell research in sheep: Current status and future prospects. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hoffman ML, Reed SA, Pillai SM, Jones AK, McFadden KK, Zinn SA, Govoni KE. PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM:The effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring postnatal growth and metabolism. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2222-2232. [PMID: 28727021 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition during gestation has been linked to poor growth and development, metabolic dysfunction, impaired health, and reduced productivity of offspring in many species. Poor maternal nutrition can be defined as an excess or restriction of overall nutrients or specific macro- or micronutrients in the diet of the mother during gestation. Interestingly, there are several reports that both restricted- and over-feeding during gestation negatively affect offspring postnatal growth with reduced muscle and bone deposition, increased adipose accumulation, and metabolic dysregulation through reduced leptin and insulin sensitivity. Our laboratory and others have used experimental models of restricted- and over-feeding during gestation to evaluate effects on early postnatal growth of offspring. Restricted- and over-feeding during gestation alters body size, circulating growth factors, and metabolic hormones in offspring postnatally. Both restricted- and over-feeding alter muscle growth, increase lipid content in the muscle, and cause changes in expression of myogenic factors. Although the negative effects of poor maternal nutrition on offspring growth have been well characterized in recent years, the mechanisms contributing to these changes are not well established. Our laboratory has focused on elucidating these mechanisms by evaluating changes in gene and protein expression, and stem cell function. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we observed changes in expression of genes involved in protein synthesis, metabolism, cell function, and signal transduction in muscle tissue. We recently reported that satellite cells, muscle stem cells, have altered expression of myogenic factors in offspring from restricted-fed mothers. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent cells that contribute to development and maintenance of several tissues including bone, muscle, and adipose, have a 50% reduction in cell proliferation and altered metabolism in offspring from both restricted- and over-fed mothers. These findings indicate that poor maternal nutrition may alter offspring postnatal growth by programming stem cell populations. In conclusion, poor maternal nutrition during gestation negatively affects offspring postnatal growth, potentially through impaired stem and satellite cell function. Therefore, determining the mechanisms that contribute to fetal programming is critical to identifying effective management interventions for these offspring and improving efficiency of production.
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Reed SA, Govoni KE. How mom's diet affects offspring growth and health through modified stem cell function. Anim Front 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2017-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4040
| | - Kristen E. Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4040
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