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Viana T, Colónia J, Tavares DS, Pinto J, Ferreira N, Jacinto J, Pereira E, Henriques B. Optimizing the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Spent Fluorescent Lamps by Living Ulva sp. ACS SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2024; 1:1464-1474. [PMID: 39081539 PMCID: PMC11285805 DOI: 10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Given the significant industrial applications of rare earth elements (REEs), supply chain constraints, and negative environmental impacts associated with their extraction, finding alternative sources has become a critical challenge. Previously, we highlighted the potential of living Ulva sp. in the removal and pre-concentration of Y from a solution obtained by sequential acid leaching of spent fluorescent lamps (SFLs). Here, we extended that study to other REEs extracted from SFLs and evaluated the effect of pH (4.5-9.0), light exposure (absence, natural and supplemented with artificial light), and Hg (presence and absence). The results showed small differences in the removal of Y (23-30%) and other REEs at the different pH values, opening the scope of the methodology. However, Ulva sp. relative growth rate (RGR) was negatively affected in the higher acidity condition, without any visible signs of decay. In the absence of light, the RGR also decreased, which was accompanied by a halving of the removal efficiency compared to that with artificial light supplementation (40% for Y). Although Hg had minimal influence on the removal and concentration of REEs by Ulva sp., its presence in the enriched biomass is undesirable. Therefore, this contaminant was selectively removed from the solution using Fe3O4@SiO2/SiDTC nanoparticles before contact with the macroalgae (70% removal in 30 min; 99% in 72 h). In addition to easy solubilization, macroalgae enriched with REEs have a simpler composition compared to SFLs. Calcination of the biomass allowed the REEs to be further concentrated, with concentrations (130 mg/g for Y) up to 240 times higher than in typical apatite ore. This highlights enriched biomass as a sustainable alternative to traditional mining for obtaining these critical raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainara Viana
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Colónia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela S. Tavares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nicole Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Jacinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
− Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Wang C, Wang R, Meng L, Chang W, Chen J, Liu C, Song Y, Ding N, Gao P. A laboratory study of the increasing competitiveness of Karenia mikimotoi under rising CO 2 scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171688. [PMID: 38492606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) driven by elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is expected to disturb marine ecological processes, including the formation and control of harmful algal blooms (HABs). In this study, the effects of rising CO2 on the allelopathic effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa to a toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi were investigated. It was found that high level of CO2 (1000 ppmv) promoted the competitive growth of K. mikimotoi compared to the group of present ambient CO2 level (420ppmv), with the number of algal cell increased from 32.2 × 104 cells/mL to 36.75 × 104 cells/mL after 96 h mono-culture. Additionally, rising CO2 level weakened allelopathic effects of U. pertusa on K. mikimotoi, as demonstrated by the decreased inhibition rate (50.6 % under the original condition VS 34.3 % under the acidified condition after 96 h co-culture) and the decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ascorbate, vitamin C). Indicators for cell apoptosis of K. mikimotoi including decreased caspase-3 and -9 protease activity were observed when the co-cultured systems were under rising CO2 exposure. Furthermore, high CO2 level disturbed fatty acid synthesis in U. pertusa and significantly decreased the contents of fatty acids with allelopathy, resulting in the allelopathy weakening of U. pertusa. Collectively, rising CO2 level promoted the growth of K. mikimotoi and weakened allelopathic effects of U. pertusa on K. mikimotoi, indicating the increased difficulties in controlling K. mikimotoi using macroalgae in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China.
| | - Lingna Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Yuhao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Ning Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China
| | - Peike Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Wei Z, Long L. Increased light intensity enhances photosynthesis and biochemical components of red macroalga of commercial importance, Kappaphycus alvarezii, in response to ocean acidification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108465. [PMID: 38422577 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased drastically over the past several decades, resulting in the pH of the ocean decreasing by 0.44 ± 0.005 units, known as ocean acidification (OA). The Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae), is a commercially and ecologically important red macroalga with significant CO2 absorption potential from seawater. The K. alvarezii also experienced light variations from self-shading and varied cultivation depths. Thus, the aim of present study was to investigate the effects of two pCO2 levels (450 and 1200 ppmv) and three light intensities (50, 100, and 150 μmol photons·m-2·s-1) on photosynthesis and the biochemical components in K. alvarezii. The results of the present study showed that a light intensity of 50 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 was optimal for K. alvarezii photosynthesis with 0.663 ± 0.030 of Fv/Fm and 0.672 ± 0.025 of Fv'/Fm'. Phycoerythrin contents at two pCO2 levels decreased significantly with an increase in light intensity by 57.14-87.76%, while phycocyanin contents only decreased from 0.0069 ± 0.001 mg g-1 FW to 0.0047 ± 0.001 mg g-1 FW with an increase in light intensity at 1200 ppmv of pCO2. Moreover, moderate increases in light intensity and pCO2 had certain positive effects on the physiological performance of K. alvarezii, specifically in terms of increasing soluble carbohydrate production. Although OA and high light levels promoted total organic carbon accumulation (21.730 ± 0.205% DW) in K. alvarezii, they had a negative impact on total nitrogen accumulation (0.600 ± 0.017% DW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shantou, 515041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, PR China.
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Song C, Xiong Y, Jin P, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Ma Z, Gao G. Mariculture structure adjustment to achieve China's carbon neutrality and mitigate climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164986. [PMID: 37353016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
China is responsible for the biggest shellfish and macroalgae production in the world. In this study, comprehensive methods were used to assess the CO2 release and sequestration by maricultured shellfish and macroalgae in China. Through considering CaCO3 production and CO2 release coefficient (Φ, moles of CO2 released per mole of CaCO3 formed) in different waters, we find that cultured shellfish released 0.741 ± 0.008 Tg C yr-1 through calcification based on the data of 2016-2020. In addition to calcification, maricultured shellfish released 0.580 ± 0.004 Tg C yr-1 by respiration. Meanwhile, shellfish sequestered 0.145 ± 0.001 and 0.0387 ± 0.0004 Tg C yr-1 organic carbon in sediments and shells, respectively. Therefore, the net released CO2 by maricultured shellfish was 1.136 ± 0.011 Tg C yr-1, which is about four times higher than that maricultured macroalgae could sequester (0.280 ± 0.010 Tg C yr-1). To achieve carbon neutrality within the mariculture system, shellfish culture may need to be restricted and meanwhile the expansion of macroalgae cultivation should be carried out. The mean carbon sequestration rate of seven kinds of macroalgae was 174 ± 6 g m-2 yr-1 while some cultivated macroalgae had higher CO2 sequestration rates, e.g. 356 ± 24 g C m-2 yr-1 for Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and 331 ± 17 g C m-2 yr-1 for Undaria pinnatifida. In scenario 0.5 (CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) sequesters 0.5 Gt CO2 per year), using macroalgae culture cannot achieve China's carbon neutrality by 2060 but in scenarios 1.0 and 1.5 (CCUS sequesters 1.0 and 1.5 Gt CO2 per year, respectively) it is feasible to achieve carbon neutrality using some macroalgae species with high carbon sequestration rates. This study provides important insights into how to develop mariculture in the context of carbon-neutrality and climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yonglong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Zhong Z, Sun L, Liu Z, Song Z, Liu M, Tong S, Qin S. Ocean acidification exacerbates the inhibition of fluctuating light on the productivity of Ulva prolifera. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113367. [PMID: 35149313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ulva prolifera, a common species of green macroalgae, is often harmful-algal-bloom causative and significantly impacts local marine ecosystems. Previous studies on the physiological characteristics of U. prolifera have been conducted under constant light (CL). However, light in the natural environment continually changes, and little is known about fluctuating light (FL). Ocean acidification (OA) has been proposed to interact with dynamic surrounding environments to affect the physiological performance of macroalgae. Therefore, we investigated the combined effects of FL (80/300, alternating between 80 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 2.5 h and 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 1.5 h, with an average light intensity of 160 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and OA (1000 ppm CO2) on U. prolifera. The results clearly showed that FL had no significant effect on the relative growth rate (RGR), whereas OA obviously improved RGR. However, under FL-OA combination conditions, RGR was inhibited significantly, accompanied by a concomitant downgraded photosynthetic performance, while the photoprotective abilities were enhanced. The results would help us accurately predict the primary productivity of macroalgae in coastal waters under future OA conditions with irradiance fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Song
- Zhuhai Central Station of Marine Environmental Monitoring, State Oceanic Administration, Zhuhai 519015, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shanying Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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6
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Falkenberg LJ, Scanes E, Ducker J, Ross PM. Biotic habitats as refugia under ocean acidification. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab077. [PMID: 34540232 PMCID: PMC8445512 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat-forming organisms have an important role in ameliorating stressful conditions and may be of particular relevance under a changing climate. Increasing CO2 emissions are driving a range of environmental changes, and one of the key concerns is the rapid acceleration of ocean acidification and associated reduction in pH. Such changes in seawater chemistry are anticipated to have direct negative effects on calcifying organisms, which could, in turn, have negative ecological, economic and human health impacts. However, these calcifying organisms do not exist in isolation, but rather are part of complex ecosystems. Here, we use a qualitative narrative synthesis framework to explore (i) how habitat-forming organisms can act to restrict environmental stress, both now and in the future; (ii) the ways their capacity to do so is modified by local context; and (iii) their potential to buffer the effects of future change through physiological processes and how this can be influenced by management adopted. Specifically, we highlight examples that consider the ability of macroalgae and seagrasses to alter water carbonate chemistry, influence resident organisms under current conditions and their capacity to do so under future conditions, while also recognizing the potential role of other habitats such as adjacent mangroves and saltmarshes. Importantly, we note that the outcome of interactions between these functional groups will be context dependent, influenced by the local abiotic and biotic characteristics. This dependence provides local managers with opportunities to create conditions that enhance the likelihood of successful amelioration. Where individuals and populations are managed effectively, habitat formers could provide local refugia for resident organisms of ecological and economic importance under an acidifying ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Falkenberg
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - James Ducker
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Xu T, Cao J, Qian R, Song Y, Wang W, Ma J, Gao K, Xu J. Ocean acidification exacerbates copper toxicity in both juvenile and adult stages of the green tide alga Ulva linza. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 170:105447. [PMID: 34438216 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of heavy metals to coastal organisms can be modulated by changes in pH due to progressive ocean acidification (OA). We investigated the combined impacts of copper and OA on different stages of the green macroalga Ulva linza, which is widely distributed in coastal waters, by growing the alga under the addition of Cu (control, 0.125 (medium, MCu), and 0.25 (high) μM, HCu) and elevated pCO2 of 1,000 μatm, predicted in the context of global change. The relative growth rates decreased significantly in both juvenile and adult thalli at HCu under OA conditions. The net photosynthetic and respiration rates, as well as the relative electron transfer rates for the adult thalli, also decreased under the combined impacts of HCu and OA, although no significant changes in the contents of photosynthetic pigments were detected. Our results suggest that Cu and OA act synergistically to reduce the growth and photosynthetic performance of U. linza, potentially prolonging its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Junyang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yujing Song
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University/College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China; State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Kang EJ, Han AR, Kim JH, Kim IN, Lee S, Min JO, Nam BR, Choi YJ, Edwards MS, Diaz-Pulido G, Kim C. Evaluating bloom potential of the green-tide forming alga Ulva ohnoi under ocean acidification and warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144443. [PMID: 33493906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of green-tides, whose bloom potential may be increased by various human activities and biogeochemical process, results in enormous economic losses and ecosystem collapse. In this study, we investigated the ecophysiology of the subtropical green-tide forming alga, Ulva ohnoi complex (hereafter: U. ohnoi), under simulated future ocean conditions in order to predict its bloom potential using photosynthesis and growth measurements, and stable isotope analyses. Our mesocosm system included four experimental conditions that simulated the individual and combined effects of elevated CO2 and temperature, namely control (450 μatm CO2 & 20 °C), acidification (900 μatm CO2 & 20 °C), warming (450 μatm CO2 & 25 °C), and greenhouse (900 μatm CO2 & 25 °C). Photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETR) increased significantly under acidification conditions, but net photosynthesis and growth were not affected. In contrast, rETR, net photosynthesis, and growth all decreased significantly under elevated temperature conditions (i.e. both warming and greenhouse). These results represent the imbalance of energy metabolism between electron transport and O2 production that may be expected under ocean acidification conditions. This imbalance appears to be related to carbon and nitrogen assimilation by U. ohnoi. In particular, 13C and 15N discrimination data suggest U. ohnoi prefers CO2 and NH4+ over HCO3- and NO3- as sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively, and this results in increased N content in the thallus under ocean acidification conditions. Together, our results suggest a trade-off in which the bloom potential of U. ohnoi could increase under ocean acidification due to greater N accumulation and through the saving of energy during carbon and nitrogen metabolism, but that elevated temperatures could decrease U. ohnoi's bloom potential through a decrease in photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Kang
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; Jeolla High School, Jeollabukdo Office of Education, Jeonju 54863, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Nam Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyeon Lee
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Oh Min
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Nam
- Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew S Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment and Science and Australian Rivers Institute-Coast & Estuaries, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Changsin Kim
- Fisheries Resource Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
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Bews E, Booher L, Polizzi T, Long C, Kim JH, Edwards MS. Effects of salinity and nutrients on metabolism and growth of Ulva lactuca: Implications for bioremediation of coastal watersheds. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112199. [PMID: 33676107 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied Ulva lactuca to determine its potential for bioremediation of coastal watersheds. We cultured Ulva in orthogonal combinations of two salinities and three nutrient concentrations for six weeks, and then measured its growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus tissue concentrations, and carbon and nitrogen uptake pathways. Our findings show that Ulva was negatively affected by decreased salinity but these effects were ameliorated by the addition of nutrients to the water, such as would be expected from freshwater runoff during heavy rain events. Also, increased nutrients resulted in altered nitrogen (NH4+ vs. NO3-) and carbon (HCO3- vs. CO2) uptake pathways, which can allow Ulva to retain its bloom potential even under reduced salinities. Together, our study suggests that Ulva is an ideal species to grow for the purpose of bioremediation of coastal bays and estuaries, even during storms that freshen the surface waters and increase nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bews
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Leslie Booher
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Sunken Seaweed LLC, 1976 Quail Glen Rd., Escondido, CA 02029, USA
| | - Torre Polizzi
- Sunken Seaweed LLC, 1976 Quail Glen Rd., Escondido, CA 02029, USA
| | - Christopher Long
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Matthew S Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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10
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Wen J, Zou D. Interactive effects of increasing atmospheric CO 2 and copper exposure on the growth and photosynthesis in the young sporophytes of Sargassum fusiforme (Phaeophyta). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129397. [PMID: 33383248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little attention has been given to the combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2-induced ocean acidification (OA) and heavy metal pollution on marine macroalgae at the young stage. This study investigated the mutual effects of copper (Cu) and elevated CO2 on the young sporophytes of brown macroalgae Sargassum fusiforme. A matrix of four copper concentrations, 0, 0.025, 0.075 and 0.15 mg‧L-1, and two levels of CO2 (ambient CO2: 400 μatm; elevated CO2: 1,000 μatm) were used. High concentration of copper exposure greatly depressed photosynthesis and growth of the young sporophytes of S. fusiforme by reducing the apparent photosynthetic efficiency (ɑ), maximum net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate (Pmax), maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and pigments content (Chl a and Car). While elevated CO2 alone had obscure impact on this alga. However, the inhibition of Cu stress on Fv/Fm was weakened by elevated CO2, which also decreased the light compensation point (Ic). Meanwhile, the Cu2+-induced ascent in the dark respiration rate (Rd) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was mitigated under the growth with elevated CO2, suggesting an alleviated oxidative stress. Overall, we propose that, under CO2 enrichment condition, the young sporophytes of S. fusiforme may increase photosynthesis efficiency and synthesize less enzymatic antioxidants in face of increasing Cu stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dinghui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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11
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Figueroa FL, Bonomi-Barufi J, Celis-Plá PSM, Nitschke U, Arenas F, Connan S, Abreu MH, Malta EJ, Conde-Álvarez R, Chow F, Mata MT, Meyerhoff O, Robledo D, Stengel DB. Short-term effects of increased CO2, nitrate and temperature on photosynthetic activity in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) estimated by different pulse amplitude modulated fluorometers and oxygen evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:491-509. [PMID: 33064811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term effects of pCO2 (700-380 ppm; High carbon (HC) and Low carbon (LC), respectively) and nitrate content (50-5 µM; High nitrogen (HN) and Low nitrogen (LN), respectively on photosynthesis were investigated in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) under solar radiation (in-situ) and in the laboratory under artificial light (ex-situ). After six days of incubation at ambient temperature (AT), algae were subjected to a 4 °C temperature increase (AT+4 °C) for 3 d. Both in-situ and ex-situ maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax) and in situ gross photosynthesis (GP), measured by O2 evolution, presented highest values under HCHN, and lowest under HCLN, across all measuring systems. Maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and ETRmax of photosystem (PS) II [ETR(II)max] and PSI [ETR(I)max], decreased under HCLN at AT+4 °C. Ex situ ETR was higher than in situ ETR. At noon, Fv/Fm decreased (indicating photoinhibition), whereas ETR(II)max and maximal non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax) increased. ETR(II)max decreased under AT+ 4 °C in contrast to Fv/Fm, photosynthetic efficiency (α ETR) and saturated irradiance (EK). Thus, U. rigida exhibited a decrease in photosynthesis under acidification, changing LN, and AT+4 °C. These results emphasize the importance of studying the interaction between environmental parameters using in-situ versus ex-situ conditions, when aiming to evaluate the impact of global change on marine macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix L Figueroa
- Malaga University. Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus universitario de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Bonomi-Barufi
- Botany department, Federal University of Santa Catarina. Campus Trindade s/n, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advances Studies. University of Playa Ancha. Traslaviña, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Hub Ambiental UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Udo Nitschke
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal
| | - Solene Connan
- CNRS, GEPEA, UMR6144, Boulevard de l'Université, CRTT BP, Saint Nazaire Cedex, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Lemar, Plouzane, France
| | | | - Erik-J Malta
- Centro IFAPA Agua del Pino, Crtra. El Rómpido - Punta Umbría, Cartaya (Huelva), Spain
| | - Rafael Conde-Álvarez
- Malaga University. Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus universitario de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fungyi Chow
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Mata
- Centro de Bioinnovación Antofagasta (CBIA), Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Antofagasta University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - O Meyerhoff
- Heinz Walz GmbH Eichenring 6 - 91090 Effeltrich, Germany
| | - Daniel Robledo
- CIVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Mérida Km6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso Apartado Postal Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Sousa GT, Neto MCL, Choueri RB, Castro ÍB. Photoprotection and antioxidative metabolism in Ulva lactuca exposed to coastal oceanic acidification scenarios in the presence of Irgarol. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105717. [PMID: 33307389 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes such as ocean acidification, eutrophication, and the release of hazardous chemicals affect coastal environments and aquatic organisms. We investigated the effects of seawater pH (7.4 and 8.2) isolated and in combination with Irgarol on Ulva lactuca. Stress indicators such as membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide content were assessed. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. The photosynthetic yield was affected by low pH in assays with and without Irgarol. However, the combination of low pH and Irgarol promoted photoinhibition, besides the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and changes in photosynthetic pigment contents. The induction of NPQ was directly influenced by low pH. The membrane damage was increased in low pH with and without Irgarol exposure. Total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents decreased in low pH, and in presence of Irgarol. The H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation were not affected by low pH. In contrast, Irgarol exposure strongly increased lipid peroxidation in both pHs, suggesting a possible synergistic effect. To avoid the harmful effects of high H2O2, U. lactuca increased antioxidant enzyme activities in treatments under low pH and in presence of Irgarol. Our results indicate that U. lactuca is tolerant to low pH by inducing NPQ, changing pigment contents, and increasing antioxidant defenses. In contrast, these protective mechanisms could not avoid the harmful effects of the combination with Irgarol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tavares Sousa
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil; Biosciences Institute, Coastal Campus, State University of São Paulo, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Milton C Lima Neto
- Biosciences Institute, Coastal Campus, State University of São Paulo, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil.
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13
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Ma J, Xu T, Bao M, Zhou H, Zhang T, Li Z, Gao G, Li X, Xu J. Response of the red algae Pyropia yezoensis grown at different light intensities to CO2-induced seawater acidification at different life cycle stages. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Raven JA, Gobler CJ, Hansen PJ. Dynamic CO 2 and pH levels in coastal, estuarine, and inland waters: Theoretical and observed effects on harmful algal blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101594. [PMID: 32057340 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 results in higher equilibrium concentrations of dissolved CO2 in natural waters, with corresponding increases in hydrogen ion and bicarbonate concentrations and decreases in hydroxyl ion and carbonate concentrations. Superimposed on these climate change effects is the dynamic nature of carbon cycling in coastal zones, which can lead to seasonal and diel changes in pH and CO2 concentrations that can exceed changes expected for open ocean ecosystems by the end of the century. Among harmful algae, i.e. some species and/or strains of Cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Ulvophyceae, the occurrence of a CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) is the most frequent mechanism of inorganic carbon acquisition in natural waters in equilibrium with the present atmosphere (400 μmol CO2 mol-1 total gas), with varying phenotypic modification of the CCM. No data on CCMs are available for Raphidophyceae or the brown tide Pelagophyceae. Several HAB species and/or strains respond to increased CO2 concentrations with increases in growth rate and/or cellular toxin content, however, others are unaffected. Beyond the effects of altered C concentrations and speciation on HABs, changes in pH in natural waters are likely to have profound effects on algal physiology. This review outlines the implications of changes in inorganic cycling for HABs in coastal zones, and reviews the knowns and unknowns with regard to how HABs can be expected to ocean acidification. We further point to the large regions of uncertainty with regard to this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton NY, 11968, USA.
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Marine Biological Section, Strandpromenaden 5, DK 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
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15
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Li Y, Zheng M, Lin J, Zhou S, Sun T, Xu N. Darkness and low nighttime temperature modulate the growth and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera under lower salinity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:85-91. [PMID: 31426228 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand how darkness/irradiance and low nighttime temperature might alter physiology of Ulva prolifera under lower salinity conditions, we analyzed the growth rates, water content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total soluble proteins (SPs) and carbohydrates content at the end of dark and light period under three temperature levels (25-25 °C treatment: 25 °C for day and night; 15-15 °C treatment: 15 °C for day and night; 25-15 °C treatment: 25 °C for day with 15 °C for night) and two salinity conditions (15, 25), meanwhile, the pigment content (chlorophyll a and b), chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic oxygen evolution also were determined during light phase. We found that the U. prolifera showed higher growth rate and SOD activity during dark phase at 25 °C, but this dark-induced increase could not be observed at 15 °C. The reasons for this increase varied, however, maybe not included water content and SPs for no significant difference in water content observed under all the treatments, as well as lower SPs content for dark period aside that at 15 °C and salinity 15. Compared to other two temperature treatments, the thalli grown at 25-15 °C showed higher growth rate and the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate in light phase under salinity 15 conditions, although the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) showed higher value under 25 °C treatment. These results indicate that the darkness and the lower nighttime temperature maybe responsible reason for the rapid growth of these green tide algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahe Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - JiaJia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shidan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tiancheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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16
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Yue F, Gao G, Ma J, Wu H, Li X, Xu J. Future CO 2-induced seawater acidification mediates the physiological performance of a green alga Ulva linza in different photoperiods. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7048. [PMID: 31198646 PMCID: PMC6555391 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiods have an important impact on macroalgae living in the intertidal zone. Ocean acidification also influences the physiology of macroalgae. However, little is known about the interaction between ocean acidification and photoperiod on macroalgae. In this study, a green alga Ulva linza was cultured under three different photoperiods (L: D = 8:16, 12:12, 16:8) and two different CO2 levels (LC, 400 ppm; HC, 1,000 ppm) to investigate their responses. The results showed that relative growth rate of U. linza increased with extended light periods under LC but decreased at HC when exposed to the longest light period of 16 h compared to 12 h. Higher CO2 levels enhanced the relative growth rate at a L: D of 8:16, had no effect at 12:12 but reduced RGR at 16:8. At LC, the L: D of 16:8 significantly stimulated maximum quantum yield (Yield). Higher CO2 levels enhanced Yield at L: D of 12:12 and 8:16, had negative effect at 16:8. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased with increasing light period. High CO2 levels did not affect respiration rate during shorter light periods but enhanced it at a light period of 16 h. Longer light periods had negative effects on Chl a and Chl b content, and high CO2 level also inhibited the synthesis of these pigments. Our data demonstrate the interactive effects of CO2 and photoperiod on the physiological characteristics of the green tide macroalga Ulva linza and indicate that future ocean acidification may hinder the stimulatory effect of long light periods on growth of Ulva species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, HuaiHai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
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17
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Gao G, Fu Q, Beardall J, Wu M, Xu J. Combination of ocean acidification and warming enhances the competitive advantage of Skeletonema costatum over a green tide alga, Ulva linza. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 85:101698. [PMID: 31810528 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Red tide and green tide are two common algal blooms that frequently occur in many areas in the global oceans. The algae causing red tide and green tide often interact with each other in costal ecosystems. However, little is known on how future CO2-induced ocean acidification combined with temperature variation would affect the interaction of red and green tides. In this study, we cultured the red tide alga Skeletonema costatum and the green tide alga Ulva linza under ambient (400 ppm) and future CO2 (1000 ppm) levels and three temperatures (12, 18, 24 °C) in both monoculture and coculture systems. Coculture did not affect the growth rate of U. linza but significantly decreased it for S. costatum. Elevated CO2 relieved the inhibitory effect of U. linza on the growth of S. costatum, particularly for higher temperatures. At elevated CO2, higher temperature increased the growth rate of S. costatum but reduced it for U. linza. Coculture with U. linza reduced the net photosynthetic rate of S. costatum, which was relieved by elevated CO2. This pattern was also found in Chl a content, indicating that U. linza may inhibit growth of S. costatum via harming pigment synthesis and thus photosynthesis. In monoculture, higher temperature did not affect respiration rate of S. costatum but increased it in U. linza. Coculture did not affect respiration of U. linza but stimulated it for S. costatum, which was a signal of responding to biotic and/abiotic stress. The increased growth of S. costatum at higher temperature and decreased inhibition of U. linza on S. costatum at elevated CO2 suggest that red tides may have more advantages over green tides in future warmer and CO2-enriched oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianqian Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Min Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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18
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Jiang H, Gong J, Lou W, Zou D. Photosynthetic behaviors in response to intertidal zone and algal mat density in Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) along the coast of Nan'ao Island, Shantou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13346-13353. [PMID: 30903473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae suffer different environmental conditions and mat densities during growing period. In the present study, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus were collected from high, intermediate, and low tidal zones at Nan'ao Island, China. These algal photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis behaviors with different mat densities were measured. The aim is to examine how the physiological responses and acclimation match the representative tidal distribution and algal mat density. The photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) contents and irradiance-saturated maximum photosynthetic rates (Pmax) were greater in low zone-grown U. lactuca compared with the algae grown at high and intermediate zones. Under low algal mat density, the Pmax, apparent photosynthetic efficiency (α), and dark respiration rate (Rd) of U. lactuca grown at low zone were increased, whereas the irradiance saturation points (Ik) were decreased, compared with the algae grown at higher zone. However, the Pmax of high and intermediate zone-grown U. lactuca at high algal mat density were greater than at low density. Moreover, the pH compensation point of low zone-grown thalli (9.98) was lower than the higher zone-grown thalli (more than 10.15); however, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (reflect photosynthetic system activity) of the thalli collected from the three different zones were similar. Therefore, we proposed that the effects of varied densities on the photosynthetic rates of these three tidal zone-grown U. lactuca thalli were different, which might be related with different capacity of HCO3- utilization of macroalgae at their zonations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Dongting Lake Research Center, Hunan Hydro & Power Design Institute, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Jingyu Gong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenyong Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dinghui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Briggs AA, Carpenter RC. Contrasting responses of photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency to ocean acidification under different light environments in a calcifying alga. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3986. [PMID: 30850681 PMCID: PMC6408467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to enhance photosynthesis in many marine taxa. However, photophysiology has multiple components that OA may affect differently, especially under different light environments, with potentially contrasting consequences for photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, because photosynthesis affects energetic budgets and internal acid-base dynamics, changes in it due to OA or light could mediate the sensitivity of other biological processes to OA (e.g. respiration and calcification). To better understand these effects, we conducted experiments on Porolithon onkodes, a common crustose coralline alga in Pacific coral reefs, crossing pCO2 and light treatments. Results indicate OA inhibited some aspects of photophysiology (maximum photochemical efficiency), facilitated others (α, the responsiveness of photosynthesis to sub-saturating light), and had no effect on others (maximum gross photosynthesis), with the first two effects depending on treatment light level. Light also exacerbated the increase in dark-adapted respiration under OA, but did not alter the decline in calcification. Light-adapted respiration did not respond to OA, potentially due to indirect effects of photosynthesis. Combined, results indicate OA will interact with light to alter energetic budgets and potentially resource allocation among photosynthetic processes in P. onkodes, likely shifting its light tolerance, and constraining it to a narrower range of light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Briggs
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA. .,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Robert C Carpenter
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
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20
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Li Y, Zhong J, Zheng M, Zhuo P, Xu N. Photoperiod mediates the effects of elevated CO 2 on the growth and physiological performance in the green tide alga Ulva prolifera. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:24-29. [PMID: 30082083 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulva spp., an increasingly important food, are the dominant species of the large-scale green tides. In this study, both the growth and the physiological responses of the Ulva prolifera were studied after cultured in three different light and dark regimes (12:12, 14:10 and 16:8-h light/dark) in combination with current (420 μatm; LC) and increased (1000 μatm; HC) levels of atmospheric CO2. Grown rate of U. prolifera was significantly enhanced by increased CO2 under the three light:dark regimes, especially under 16:8 h-light:dark, indicating that growth was C-unsaturated at present CO2 levels. U. prolifera showed a significantly higher growth rate and lower dark respiration rate (Rd) at 16:8 h-light:dark treatment than at 12:12 h-light/dark treatment, regardless of the CO2 treatment. The photochemical performance was largely unaffected by elevated CO2 and daylength. These results suggest that U. prolifera in a future CO2 enriched coastal water, seems to be resilient to higher CO2 concentrations, and this could be enhanced by longer daylength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahe Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiali Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Pinli Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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21
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Wu H, Gao G, Zhong Z, Li X, Xu J. Physiological acclimation of the green tidal alga Ulva prolifera to a fast-changing environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 137:1-7. [PMID: 29478766 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To aid early warning and prevent the outbreak of green tides in the Yellow Sea, both the growth and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera were studied after culture in different temperatures (18, 22, and 26 °C) and light intensities (44, 160, and 280 μmol m-2·s-1). Furthermore, their instantaneous net photosynthetic performance (INPP) was studied to determine the resulting environmental acclimation. The relative growth rates of U. prolifera significantly decreased in response to increasing temperature, while they increased with increasing light intensity. Culture at higher light intensities significantly increased INPP, while higher temperatures decreased the INPP. Culture at lower temperatures lowered INPP, while increased growth temperature increased the effect. These results suggest that high temperatures during the cold season inhibited U. prolifera growth. However, low temperatures during the warm season increase biomass and may cause a large-scale green tide. These results help to understand the correlation between U. prolifera blooms and extreme weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wu
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhihai Zhong
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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