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Guardiola-Ripoll M, Almodóvar-Payá C, Arias-Magnasco A, Latorre-Guardia M, Papiol S, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, García-León MÁ, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Salavert J, Tristany J, Torres L, Rodríguez-Cano E, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E, Fatjó-Vilas M. Human-specific evolutionary markers linked to foetal neurodevelopment modulate brain surface area in schizophrenia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1040. [PMID: 37833414 PMCID: PMC10576001 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia may represent a trade-off in the evolution of human-specific ontogenetic mechanisms that guide neurodevelopment. Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are evolutionary markers functioning as neurodevelopmental transcription enhancers that have been associated with brain configuration, neural information processing, and schizophrenia risk. Here, we have investigated the influence of HARs' polygenic load on neuroanatomical measures through a case-control approach (128 patients with schizophrenia and 115 controls). To this end, we have calculated the global schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score (Global PRSSZ) and that specific to HARs (HARs PRSSZ). We have also estimated the polygenic burden restricted to the HARs linked to transcriptional regulatory elements active in the foetal brain (FB-HARs PRSSZ) and the adult brain (AB-HARs PRSSZ). We have explored the main effects of the PRSs and the PRSs x diagnosis interactions on brain regional cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA). The results indicate that a higher FB-HARs PRSSZ is associated with patients' lower SA in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the superior temporal cortex, the pars triangularis and the paracentral lobule. While noHARs-derived PRSs show an effect on the risk, our neuroanatomical findings suggest that the human-specific transcriptional regulation during the prenatal period underlies SA variability, highlighting the role of these evolutionary markers in the schizophrenia genomic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guardiola-Ripoll
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Almodóvar-Payá
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sergi Papiol
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Signal Processing Laboratory 5 (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - María Ángeles García-León
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Salavert
- Hospital Sant Rafael, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tristany
- Hospital Sagrat Cor, Germanes Hospitalàries, Martorell, Spain
| | - Llanos Torres
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Cano
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Benito Menni, Germanes Hospitalàries, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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A Systematic Review of the Human Accelerated Regions in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Where the Evolutionary and Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses Converge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043597. [PMID: 36835010 PMCID: PMC9962562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that results from genetic and environmental factors interacting and disrupting neurodevelopmental trajectories. Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are evolutionarily conserved genomic regions that have accumulated human-specific sequence changes. Thus, studies on the impact of HARs in the context of neurodevelopment, as well as with respect to adult brain phenotypes, have increased considerably in the last few years. Through a systematic approach, we aim to offer a comprehensive review of HARs' role in terms of human brain development, configuration, and cognitive abilities, as well as whether HARs modulate the susceptibility to neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. First, the evidence in this review highlights HARs' molecular functions in the context of the neurodevelopmental regulatory genetic machinery. Second, brain phenotypic analyses indicate that HAR genes' expression spatially correlates with the regions that suffered human-specific cortical expansion, as well as with the regional interactions for synergistic information processing. Lastly, studies based on candidate HAR genes and the global "HARome" variability describe the involvement of these regions in the genetic background of schizophrenia, but also in other neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Overall, the data considered in this review emphasise the crucial role of HARs in human-specific neurodevelopment processes and encourage future research on this evolutionary marker for a better understanding of the genetic basis of schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental-related psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, HARs emerge as interesting genomic regions that require further study in order to bridge the neurodevelopmental and evolutionary hypotheses in schizophrenia and other related disorders and phenotypes.
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Gregory MD, Eisenberg DP, Hamborg M, Kippenhan JS, Kohn P, Kolachana B, Dickinson D, Berman KF. Neanderthal-derived genetic variation in living humans relates to schizophrenia diagnosis, to psychotic symptom severity, and to dopamine synthesis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:329-338. [PMID: 34487600 PMCID: PMC8454493 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a human-specific condition, but experimental approaches to testing this idea have been limited. Because Neanderthals, our closest evolutionary relatives, interbred with modern humans prior to their disappearance from the fossil record, leaving a residual echo that survives in our DNA today, we leveraged new discoveries about ancient hominid DNA to explore this hypothesis in living people in three converging ways. First, in four independent case-control datasets totaling 9,362 individuals, individuals with schizophrenia had less Neanderthal-derived genetic variation than controls (p = .044). Second, in 49 unmedicated inpatients with schizophrenia, having more Neanderthal admixture predicted less severe positive symptoms (p = .046). Finally, using 18 F-fluorodopa PET scanning in 172 healthy individuals, having greater Neanderthal introgression was significantly associated with lower dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum and pons (p's < 2 × 10-5 ), which is fundamentally important in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis. These results may help to elucidate the evolutionary history of a devastating neuropsychiatric disease by supporting the notion of schizophrenia as a human-specific condition. Additionally, the relationship between Neanderthal admixture and dopamine function suggests a potential mechanism whereby Neanderthal admixture may have affected our gene pool to alter schizophrenia risk and/or course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Gregory
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel P. Eisenberg
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Madeline Hamborg
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J. Shane Kippenhan
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Kohn
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kolachana
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Psychosis and Cognitive Studies Section, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen F. Berman
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Psychosis and Cognitive Studies Section, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Ijichi S, Kawaike Y, Ijichi N, Ijichi Y, Hirakata M, Yamaguchi Y, Kamachi A, Imamura C, Fushuku S, Nagata J, Tanuma R, Sameshima H, Morioka H. Hypothetical novel simulations to explain the evolutionary survival of the hypo-reproductive extreme tail in the complex human diversity. Biosystems 2021; 204:104393. [PMID: 33640397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical structures which lie hidden between human complex conditions and reproductivity cannot be simple, and trends of each population component does not necessarily pertain to evolutionary theories. As an illustration, the fitness of individuals with heritable extreme conditions can be low across continuing generations in observational data. Autism and schizophrenia are characterized by such evolutionary paradox of survival and hypo-reproductivity in the complex human diversity. Theoretical mechanisms for the observational fact were evaluated using a simple formula which was established to simulate stochastic epistasis-mediated phenotypic diversity. The survival of the hypo-reproductive extreme tail could be imitated just by the predominant presence of stochastic epistasis mechanism, suggesting that stochastic epistasis might be a genetic prerequisite for the evolutionary paradox. As supplemental cofactors of stochastic epistasis, a random link of the extreme tail to both un- and hyper-reproductivity and group assortative mating were shown to be effective for the paradox. Especially, the mixed localization of un- and hyper-reproductivity in the tail of a generational population evidently induced the continuous survival of outliers and extremes. These hypothetical considerations and mathematical simulations may suggest the significance of stochastic epistasis as the essential genetic background of complex human diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ijichi
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Institute for Externalization of Gifts and Talents, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kawaike
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naomi Ijichi
- Institute for Externalization of Gifts and Talents, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukina Ijichi
- Institute for Externalization of Gifts and Talents, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mai Hirakata
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamaguchi
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiyo Kamachi
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chikako Imamura
- Support Center for Students with Disabilities, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sayuri Fushuku
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Junko Nagata
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Tanuma
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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5
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Yao Y, Yang J, Xie Y, Liao H, Yang B, Xu Q, Rao S. No Evidence for Widespread Positive Selection Signatures in Common Risk Alleles Associated with Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:603-611. [PMID: 31150552 PMCID: PMC7147583 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia poses an evolutionary-genetic paradox as it exhibits strongly negative fitness effects (early mortality and decreased fecundity), yet it persists at a prevalence of approximately 1% worldwide. Evidence from several studies have suggested that schizophrenia is evolved and maintained in part as a maladaptive byproduct of recent positive selection and adaptive evolution in human beings. However, inconsistent results have been also proposed, challenging the recent positive selection theory to explain the high population frequency of schizophrenia-associated alleles. Here, we used public domain data to locate signatures of positive selection based on genetic diversity, derived allele frequency, differentiation between populations, and long haplotypes at schizophrenia-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and randomly selected SNPs (as negative controls). We found evidence for positive selection at 10 out of the 105 schizophrenia-associated SNPs, while 5 of these SNPs involved positive selection for the protective allele. Taken together, the absence of widespread positive selection signals at the schizophrenia-associated SNPs, along with the fact that half of the positive selection favored the protective allele, provide little evidence supporting the positive selection theory in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China,School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoying Yang
- College of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuquan Rao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +86 28 87603202; fax: +86 28 87603202; e-mail:
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6
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Chu XY, Quan Y, Zhang HY. Human accelerated genome regions with value in medical genetics and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:821-827. [PMID: 32156545 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evolutionary knowledge not only benefits our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases, but also help in the search for new drug targets. This is further supported by the recent finding that human accelerated regions (HARs) identified by comparative genomic studies are linked to human neural system evolution and are also associated with neurological disorders. Here, we analyze the associations between HARs and diseases and drugs. We found that 32.42% of approved drugs target at least one HAR gene, which is higher than the ratio of in-research drugs. More interestingly, HAR gene-targeted drugs are most significantly enriched with agents treating neurological disorders. Thus, HAR genes have important implications in medical genetics and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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7
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Nesic MJ, Stojkovic B, Maric NP. On the origin of schizophrenia: Testing evolutionary theories in the post-genomic era. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:723-730. [PMID: 31525268 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the relatively high heritability of schizophrenia and the fact that it significantly reduces the reproductive fitness of affected individuals, it is not clear how the disorder is still maintained in human populations at a disproportionally high prevalence. Many theories propose that the disorder is a result of a trade-off between costs and benefits of the evolution of exclusively human adaptations. There have also been suggestions that schizophrenia risk alleles are accompanied with increase in fitness of affected persons or their relatives in both past and current social contexts. The discoveries of novel schizophrenia-related genes and the advancements in comparative genomics (especially comparisons of the human genome and the genomes of related species, such as chimpanzees and extinct hominids) have finally made certain evolutionary theories testable. In this paper, we review the current understanding of the genetics of schizophrenia, the basic principles of evolution that complement our understanding of the subject, and the latest genetic studies that examine long-standing evolutionary theories of schizophrenia using novel methodologies and data. We find that the origin of schizophrenia is complex and likely governed by different evolutionary mechanisms that are not mutually exclusive. Furthermore, the most recent evidence implies that schizophrenia cannot be comprehended as a trait that has elevated fitness in human evolutionary lineage, but has been a mildly deleterious by-product of specific patterns of the evolution of the human brain. In other words, novel findings do not support previous hypotheses stating that schizophrenia risk genes have an evolutionary advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica J Nesic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Stojkovic
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja P Maric
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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van den Heuvel MP, Scholtens LH, de Lange SC, Pijnenburg R, Cahn W, van Haren NEM, Sommer IE, Bozzali M, Koch K, Boks MP, Repple J, Pievani M, Li L, Preuss TM, Rilling JK. Evolutionary modifications in human brain connectivity associated with schizophrenia. Brain 2019; 142:3991-4002. [PMID: 31724729 PMCID: PMC6906591 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis and human-specific character of schizophrenia has led to the hypothesis that human brain evolution may have played a role in the development of the disorder. We examined schizophrenia-related changes in brain connectivity in the context of evolutionary changes in human brain wiring by comparing in vivo neuroimaging data from humans and chimpanzees, one of our closest living evolutionary relatives and a species with which we share a very recent common ancestor. We contrasted the connectome layout between the chimpanzee and human brain and compared differences with the pattern of schizophrenia-related changes in brain connectivity as observed in patients. We show evidence of evolutionary modifications of human brain connectivity to significantly overlap with the cortical pattern of schizophrenia-related dysconnectivity (P < 0.001, permutation testing). We validated these effects in three additional, independent schizophrenia datasets. We further assessed the specificity of effects by examining brain dysconnectivity patterns in seven other psychiatric and neurological brain disorders (including, among others, major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, arguably characterized by behavioural symptoms that are less specific to humans), which showed no such associations with modifications of human brain connectivity. Comparisons of brain connectivity across humans, chimpanzee and macaques further suggest that features of connectivity that evolved in the human lineage showed the strongest association to the disorder, that is, brain circuits potentially related to human evolutionary specializations. Taken together, our findings suggest that human-specific features of connectome organization may be enriched for changes in brain connectivity related to schizophrenia. Modifications in human brain connectivity in service of higher order brain functions may have potentially also rendered the brain vulnerable to brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Traits Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne H Scholtens
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Traits Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siemon C de Lange
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Traits Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory Pijnenburg
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Traits Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michela Pievani
- Lab Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Longchuan Li
- Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd M Preuss
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James K Rilling
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Morioka H, Ijichi S, Ijichi N, Ijichi Y, King BH. Developmental social vulnerability as the intrinsic origin of psychopathology: A paradigm shift from disease entities to psychiatric derivatives within human diversity. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Srinivasan S, Bettella F, Frei O, Hill WD, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Schork AJ, Thompson WK, Davies G, Desikan RS, Deary IJ, Melle I, Ueland T, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Smeland OB, Andreassen OA. Enrichment of genetic markers of recent human evolution in educational and cognitive traits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12585. [PMID: 30135563 PMCID: PMC6105609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher cognitive functions are regarded as one of the main distinctive traits of humans. Evidence for the cognitive evolution of human beings is mainly based on fossil records of an expanding cranium and an increasing complexity of material culture artefacts. However, the molecular genetic factors involved in the evolution are still relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated whether genomic regions that underwent positive selection in humans after divergence from Neanderthals are enriched for genetic association with phenotypes related to cognitive functions. We used genome wide association data from a study of college completion (N = 111,114), one of educational attainment (N = 293,623) and two different studies of general cognitive ability (N = 269,867 and 53,949). We found nominally significant polygenic enrichment of associations with college completion (p = 0.025), educational attainment (p = 0.043) and general cognitive ability (p = 0.015 and 0.025, respectively), suggesting that variants influencing these phenotypes are more prevalent in evolutionarily salient regions. The enrichment remained significant after controlling for other known genetic enrichment factors, and for affiliation to genes highly expressed in the brain. These findings support the notion that phenotypes related to higher order cognitive skills typical of humans have a recent genetic component that originated after the separation of the human and Neanderthal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srinivasan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center St. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Benítez-Burraco A. Figurative Language, Language Disorders, and Language(s) Evolution. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1713. [PMID: 29033883 PMCID: PMC5627180 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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