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Angelone A, Latina R, Anastasi G, Marti F, Oggioni S, Mitello L, Izviku D, Terrenato I, Marucci AR. The Italian Validation of the Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale for Nursing. J Holist Nurs 2024:8980101241230289. [PMID: 38374622 DOI: 10.1177/08980101241230289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS) is a measure of the evaluation of the humanization of care in nursing professions. Despite being validated for the Spanish language, there still needed validation in Italian, which seems essential considering the cultural differences. Aim: We aimed to test the validity and reliability of the HUMAS with an Italian sample of registered nurses. Methods: The present study used cross-sectional data from 300 nurses that completed the survey. The study's main phases were (a) construction of the Italian version; (b) testing and analyzing the psychometric properties of the scale. The exploratory factor analysis and the Content Validity Index (CVI) were performed. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were used to determine the reliability. Findings: The final Italian version of HUMAS (HUMAS-I) comprised 19 items grouped into five correlated latent factors, accounting for 68.4% of the variance. Additionally, it exhibited a satisfactory Cronbach's alpha for each latent component and an average CVI for the entire scale of 0.68. Conclusions: The HUMAS-I shows acceptable psychometric proprieties as the original Spanish version. Therefore, it could be an advantageous instrument for use in nursing practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Oggioni
- American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) Italian Chapter
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Landry AP, Schooler JW, Willer R, Seli P. Reducing Explicit Blatant Dehumanization by Correcting Exaggerated Meta-Perceptions. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221099146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
If explicitly, blatantly dehumanizing a group of people—overtly characterizing them as less than human—facilitates harming them, then reversing this process is paramount. Addressing dehumanization among American political partisans appears especially crucial, given that it has been linked to their anti-democratic hostility. Perhaps because of its overt nature, partisans recognize—and greatly exaggerate—the extent to which out-partisans explicitly, blatantly dehumanize them. Past research has found that when people perceive they are dehumanized by an outgroup (i.e., meta-dehumanization), they respond with reciprocal dehumanization. Therefore, we reasoned that partisans’ dehumanization could be reduced by correcting their exaggerated meta-dehumanization. Indeed, across three preregistered studies ( N = 4,154), an intervention correcting American partisans’ exaggerated meta-dehumanization reduced their own dehumanization of out-partisans. This decreased dehumanization persisted at a 1-week follow-up and predicted downstream reductions in partisans’ anti-democratic hostility, suggesting that correcting exaggerated meta-dehumanization can durably mitigate the dark specter of dehumanization.
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Priming attachment security and outgroup humanization: The mediation role of intergroup emotions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265714. [PMID: 35303033 PMCID: PMC8932561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals tend to dehumanize the outgroup. In this paper, we explore whether the activation of attachment security can attenuate dehumanization. Two studies were performed. In Study 1, attachment security was primed by showing pictures that depicted relationships with attachment figures; the outgroup was the homeless and humanization was measured considering the attribution of uniquely human and non-uniquely human emotions to this group. In Study 2, the sense of interpersonal security was activated by inviting participants to relive a recent interaction that left them with a feeling of safety and warmth. Outgroup members were the Roma, and humanization was measured considering the attribution of uniquely human and human nature traits to them. In Study 2, the mediation effect of intergroup emotions was investigated. In both studies, outgroup humanization effects were highlighted. In Study 2, these effects were mediated by increased empathy toward the outgroup. Interestingly, the positive impact of security activation was not moderated by chronic attachment orientations. Findings suggest strategies that can be used to improve intergroup relations in specific contexts and in society at large.
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Borinca I, Çelik P, Storme M. Can conservatives who (de)humanize immigrants the most be able to support them? The power of imagined positive contact. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Borinca
- Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Pinar Çelik
- Centre Emile Bernheim, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Martin Storme
- IESEG School of Management Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9221 ‐ LEM ‐ Lille Economie Management Lille France
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Kteily NS, Landry AP. Dehumanization: trends, insights, and challenges. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:222-240. [PMID: 35042655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite our many differences, one superordinate category we all belong to is 'humans'. To strip away or overlook others' humanity, then, is to mark them as 'other' and, typically, 'less than'. We review growing evidence revealing how and why we subtly disregard the humanity of those around us. We then highlight new research suggesting that we continue to blatantly dehumanize certain groups, overtly likening them to animals, with important implications for intergroup hostility. We discuss advances in understanding the experience of being dehumanized and novel interventions to mitigate dehumanization, address the conceptual boundaries of dehumanization, and consider recent accounts challenging the importance of dehumanization and its role in intergroup violence. Finally, we present an agenda of outstanding questions to propel dehumanization research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Kteily
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Alexander P Landry
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Vezzali L, Capozza D, Di Bernardo GA, Falvo R, Stathi S, Hodson G. Strategies for the promotion of humanity attribution to outgroups. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2021.1963156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loris Vezzali
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Gian Antonio Di Bernardo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Stathi
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Gordon Hodson
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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Paolini S, Azam F, Harwood J, Mackiewicz M, Hewstone M. Seeking and avoiding contact with Muslims at a Hijab Stall: Evidence for multilayer, multi-determined solidarity, courage, apathy, and moral outrage. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:214-252. [PMID: 34155661 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intergroup contact is key to social cohesion, yet psychological barriers block engagement with diversity even when contact opportunities are abundant. We lack an advanced understanding of contact seeking because intergroup contact is often an independent variable in research, and studies on contact seeking have favoured experimental probing of selected factors or measured only broad behavioural intentions. This research carried out the first ecological tests of a novel multilayer-multivariate framework to contact seeking/avoiding. These tests were centred on a Muslim-led community contact-based initiative with visible support from local authorities following a terrorist attack. Non-Muslim Australian women (N = 1,347) contributed field data on their situated contact motivations, choices, and attendance at an intercultural educational stall; many (N = 559) completed a profiling test battery. Among those who responded to the initiative invite, the rate of taking up the high-salience contact opportunity in this heated setting was high and reflected multiple approach/avoidance motivations. Contact seeking/avoiding was not just allophilia/prejudice; it presented as new typologies of politicized solidarity, courage, apathy, and moral outrage. While intergroup predictors were significant across all profiling analyses, intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors also regularly contributed to explain variance in non-Muslims' contact motivations and choices, confirming their multilayer-multivariate nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paolini
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatima Azam
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jake Harwood
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Matylda Mackiewicz
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miles Hewstone
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
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Fontesse S, Rimez X, Maurage P. Stigmatization and dehumanization perceptions towards psychiatric patients among nurses: A path-analysis approach. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:153-161. [PMID: 33781393 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with mental illness are stigmatized and dehumanized, which contributes to disorders' maintenance. Dehumanization is associated with abuse/neglect and should thus be evaluated among healthcare workers. We compared nurses' stigmatizing/dehumanizing perceptions of people with psychiatric versus non-psychiatric disorders. We also investigated the impact of social contact's quality/frequency and identified the determinants of dehumanization. METHODS French-speaking hospitals and nurses' associations were contacted to disseminate the survey among their employees or members. Three hundred thirty-six nurses reported their perceptions of one among three clinical populations (people with severe alcohol use disorder, schizophrenia, or cardiovascular disease). Nurses' perception of patients was evaluated through stigmatization, dehumanization, quality of contacts, structural discrimination, and evaluation of patients' life, pain, consent, and diagnostic overshadowing. Nurses' well-being was evaluated through their own perception of being dehumanized by superiors and their burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress levels. RESULTS Nurses stigmatized and dehumanized people with a psychiatric disorder more than people without a psychiatric disorder. Nurses dehumanized patients more if they felt dehumanized by their hierarchical superiors and less if they had qualitative contacts with patients. CONCLUSIONS Stigmatization and dehumanization are widespread among nurses in psychiatry, which advocates for less stigmatizing practices in healthcare settings. We propose concrete perspectives to reduce stigma/dehumanization among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Fontesse
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ximena Rimez
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Markowitz DM, Shoots-Reinhard B, Peters E, Silverstein MC, Goodwin R, Bjälkebring P. Dehumanization During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:634543. [PMID: 33643166 PMCID: PMC7904886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.634543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Communities often unite during a crisis, though some cope by ascribing blame or stigmas to those who might be linked to distressing life events. In a preregistered two-wave survey, we evaluated the dehumanization of Asians and Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our first wave (March 26–April 2, 2020; N = 917) revealed dehumanization was prevalent, between 6.1% and 39% of our sample depending on measurement. Compared to non-dehumanizers, people who dehumanized also perceived the virus as less risky to human health and caused less severe consequences for infected people. They were more likely to be ideologically Conservative and believe in conspiracy theories about the virus. We largely replicated the results 1 month later in our second wave (May 6–May 13, 2020; N = 723). Together, many Americans dehumanize Asians and Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic with related perceptions that the virus is less problematic. Implications and applications for dehumanization theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Markowitz
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Brittany Shoots-Reinhard
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ellen Peters
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Michael C Silverstein
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Raleigh Goodwin
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Pär Bjälkebring
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Du K, Hunter JA, Scarf D, Ruffman T. Chinese children's in-group favoritism is affected by age and gender. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Capozza D, Falvo R, Di Bernardo GA. Does the out‐group recognize our mental skills? Cross‐group friendships, extended contact, and the expectation of humanizing perceptions from the out‐group. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Capozza
- FISPPA Department—Section of Applied Psychology Padova University Padova Italy
| | - Rossella Falvo
- FISPPA Department—Section of Applied Psychology Padova University Padova Italy
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Situational evolution of the relationship between warmth and competence in intergroup evaluation: Impact of evaluating intention and behavioral outcomes. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2018. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2018.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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