1
|
Patrignani P, Tacconelli S, Contursi A, Piazuelo E, Bruno A, Nobili S, Mazzei M, Milillo C, Hofling U, Hijos-Mallada G, Sostres C, Lanas A. Optimizing aspirin dose for colorectal cancer patients through deep phenotyping using novel biomarkers of drug action. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1362217. [PMID: 38495101 PMCID: PMC10941341 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1362217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-dose aspirin's mechanism of action for preventing colorectal cancer (CRC) is still debated, and the optimal dose remains uncertain. We aimed to optimize the aspirin dose for cancer prevention in CRC patients through deep phenotyping using innovative biomarkers for aspirin's action. Methods: We conducted a Phase II, open-label clinical trial in 34 CRC patients of both sexes randomized to receive enteric-coated aspirin 100 mg/d, 100 mg/BID, or 300 mg/d for 3 ± 1 weeks. Biomarkers were evaluated in blood, urine, and colorectal biopsies at baseline and after dosing with aspirin. Novel biomarkers of aspirin action were assessed in platelets and colorectal tissues using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the extent of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 acetylation at Serine 529 and Serine 516, respectively. Results: All aspirin doses caused comparable % acetylation of platelet COX-1 at Serine 529 associated with similar profound inhibition of platelet-dependent thromboxane (TX)A2 generation ex vivo (serum TXB2) and in vivo (urinary TXM). TXB2 was significantly reduced in CRC tissue by aspirin 300 mg/d and 100 mg/BID, associated with comparable % acetylation of COX-1. Differently, 100 mg/day showed a lower % acetylation of COX-1 in CRC tissue and no significant reduction of TXB2. Prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in colorectal tumors and in vivo (urinary PGEM) remained unaffected by any dose of aspirin associated with the variable and low extent of COX-2 acetylation at Serine 516 in tumor tissue. Increased expression of tumor-promoting genes like VIM (vimentin) and TWIST1 (Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1) vs. baseline was detected with 100 mg/d of aspirin but not with the other two higher doses. Conclusion: In CRC patients, aspirin 300 mg/d or 100 mg/BID had comparable antiplatelet effects to aspirin 100 mg/d, indicating similar inhibition of the platelet's contribution to cancer. However, aspirin 300 mg/d and 100 mg/BID can have additional anticancer effects by inhibiting cancerous tissue's TXA2 biosynthesis associated with a restraining impact on tumor-promoting gene expression. EUDRACT number: 2018-002101-65. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03957902.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Patrignani
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Piazuelo
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Mazzei
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Milillo
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and Territory, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ulrika Hofling
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Hijos-Mallada
- University Hospital LB, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISAragon), CIBERehd, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Sostres
- University Hospital LB, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISAragon), CIBERehd, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- University Hospital LB, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISAragon), CIBERehd, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pandey M, Rajput M, Singh P, Shukla M, Zhu B, Koshiol J. Aspirin and Cancer Survival: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 38201650 PMCID: PMC10778469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefit of aspirin on cancer survival is debated. Data from randomized clinical trials and cohort studies are discordant, although a meta-analysis shows a clear survival advantage when aspirin is added to the standard of care. However, the mechanism by which aspirin improves cancer survival is not clear. A PubMed search was carried out to identify articles reporting genes and pathways that are associated with aspirin and cancer survival. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using web-based tools. Gene-gene and protein-protein interactions were evaluated. Crosstalk between pathways was identified and plotted. Forty-one genes were identified and classified into primary genes (PTGS2 and PTGES2), genes regulating cellular proliferation, interleukin and cytokine genes, and DNA repair genes. The network analysis showed a rich gene-gene and protein-protein interaction between these genes and proteins. Pathway enrichment showed the interleukin and cellular transduction pathways as the main pathways involved in aspirin-related survival, in addition to DNA repair, autophagy, extracellular matrix, and apoptosis pathways. Crosstalk of PTGS2 with EGFR, JAK/AKT, TP53, interleukin/TNFα/NFκB, GSK3B/BRCA/PARP, CXCR/MUC1, and WNT/CTNNB pathways was identified. The results of the present study demonstrate that aspirin improves cancer survival by the interplay of 41 genes through a complex mechanism. PTGS2 is the primary target of aspirin and impacts cancer survival through six primary pathways: the interleukin pathway, extracellular matrix pathway, signal transduction pathway, apoptosis pathway, autophagy pathway, and DNA repair pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (M.R.)
| | - Monika Rajput
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (M.R.)
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (M.R.)
| | - Mridula Shukla
- RRL, Dr. Lalpath Labs Ltd., Shivpur, Varanasi 221003, India
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, RM 6-E212, Rockville, MD 20850, USA (J.K.)
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, RM 6-E212, Rockville, MD 20850, USA (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Constantinou V, Constantinou C. Focusing on colorectal cancer in young adults (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:8. [PMID: 38125745 PMCID: PMC10729308 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the incidence of CRC among adults <50 years old on a global scale. The increased incidence is associated with several modifiable risk factors, including obesity, type II diabetes, physical inactivity and frequent antibiotic use. In younger individuals, haematochezia and abdominal pain are the most common symptoms, predominantly affecting the left-side colon. While certain cases of early-onset CRC (eoCRC) are associated with a genetic predisposition, the majority result from sporadic mutations in the genes APC, KRAS, BRAF and TP53, which trigger uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour formation. Colorectal carcinogenesis involves three major pathways: The chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotype pathways. Dysregulation of the CIN pathway accounts for 85% of sporadic cases of eoCRC. Notably, eoCRC exhibits a distinctive molecular profile, characterized by a decreased prevalence of BRAF mutations, an increased prevalence of KRAS mutations and LINE-1 hypomethylation, and involvement of the Microsatellite and Chromosomal Stable pathway. Prevention strategies for eoCRC primarily centre on lifestyle modifications and the development of screening programs targeting younger populations. Further exploration into the molecular mechanisms involved in the identification of novel risk factors associated with eoCRC is imperative. These efforts, in conjunction with the development of specific screening strategies, hold the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantina Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mädge JC, Stallmach A, Kleebusch L, Schlattmann P. Meta-analysis of aspirin-guided therapy of colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1407-1417. [PMID: 35171329 PMCID: PMC9114035 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Purpose colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Some evidence has shown that aspirin can reduce the morbidity and mortality of CRC. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare standard care of patients with CRC and standard care with the addition of aspirin in terms of the survival benefit. Methods The systematic search was conducted by two independent reviewers in the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Survival data were extracted from studies published before July 2019. We searched for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies. Results We included 27 studies in our meta-analysis. There was a sample size of 237,245 patients overall. Aspirin use after diagnosis was associated with an improvement in CRC-specific survival with a hazard ratio (HR) for cancer-related death of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62–0.89). Our analysis of overall survival data revealed reduced mortality with an HR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74–0.90). Patients with the phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutation profited from postdiagnosis aspirin use (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97). For a high expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) = COX-2, we found an HR of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52–0.82). Conclusion Aspirin can improve the outcome of patients with CRC. PIK3CA mutation status and high expression of PTGS2 are associated with longer survival. However, randomised controlled trials are needed to investigate postdiagnosis aspirin use in CRC patients taking into account cancer stage and gene expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-03942-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Mädge
- Department of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Kleebusch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thüringen-Kliniken Pößneck, 07381, Pößneck, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Department of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang DW, Yang ZS, Xu J, Yang LJ, Yang TC, Wang HQ, Feng MH, Su F. Identification of Prognostic Genes for Colon Cancer through Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:1012-1022. [PMID: 34542829 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to identify novel key genes, prognostic biomarkers and molecular pathways implicated in tumorigenesis of colon cancer. METHODS The microarray data GSE41328 containing 10 colon cancer samples and 10 adjacent normal tissues was analyzed to identify 4763 differentially expressed genes. Meanwhile, another microarray data GSE17536 was performed for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS In present study, 12 co-expressed gene modules associated with tumor progression were identified for further studies. The red module showed the highest association with pathological stage by Pearson's correlation analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes in red module focused on cell division, cell proliferation, cell cycle and metabolic related pathway. Then, a total of 26 key hub genes were identified, and GEPIA database was subsequently selected for validation. Holliday junction-recognizing protein (HJURP) and cell division cycle 25 homolog C (CDC25C) were identified as effective prognosis biomarkers, which were all detrimental to prognosis. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) found the two hub genes were enriched in "oocyte meiosis", "oocyte maturation that are progesterone-mediated", "p53 signaling pathway", and "cell cycle". Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that HJURP was highly expressed in colon cancer tissue. CONCLUSION HJURP was identified as a key gene associated with colon cancer progression and prognosis by WGCNA, which might influence the prognosis by regulating cell cycle pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhang-Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tie-Cheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hua-Qiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mao-Hui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao S, Xie W, Fan Y, Zhou L. Timing of Aspirin Use Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer in Relation to Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab067. [PMID: 34514327 PMCID: PMC8421810 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure of aspirin has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but aspirin use in relation to CRC patients' mortality remains undetermined. It is necessary to quantify the association between aspirin use and CRC mortality. Methods Two authors independently searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from 1947 through April 25, 2020. All observational studies assessing the association between different timing of aspirin use and CRC mortality were included. The effect size on study outcomes was calculated using random-effect model and presented as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality of included studies were also assessed. Results A total of 34 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Prediagnosis aspirin use was not associated with CRC-specific mortality (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.05) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.31). A statistically significant association between continued aspirin use and improvement in both CRC-specific mortality (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.81) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.93) was observed. Postdiagnosis use of aspirin was associated only with reduced all-cause mortality (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.94). Conclusions Continued aspirin use before and after CRC diagnosis has the most advantage regarding the improvement of CRC mortality. Nevertheless, further prospective trials and mechanistic studies are highly warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Figueiredo JC, Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, Guinter MA, Cance WG, Campbell PT. Associations of Aspirin and Non-Aspirin Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs With Colorectal Cancer Mortality After Diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:833-840. [PMID: 33528005 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin use reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but there is limited evidence regarding associations of aspirin and non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with CRC-specific survival. METHODS This prospective analysis includes women and men from the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort who were cancer free at baseline (1992 or 1993) and diagnosed with CRC during incidence follow-up through 2015. Detailed information on aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use was self-reported on questionnaires at baseline, in 1997, and every 2 years thereafter. Pre- and postdiagnosis data were available for 2686 and 1931 participants without distant metastases, respectively, among whom 512 and 251 died from CRC during mortality follow-up through 2016. Secondary analyses examined associations between prediagnosis aspirin use and stage at diagnosis (distant metastatic vs localized or regional). All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Long-term regular use of aspirin (>15 times per month) before diagnosis was associated with lower CRC-specific mortality (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52 to 0.92). Postdiagnosis regular aspirin use was not statistically significantly associated with risk of CRC-specific mortality overall (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.62 to 1.09), although participants who began regular aspirin use only after their diagnosis were at lower risk than participants who did not use aspirin at both the pre- and postdiagnosis periods (HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.98). Long-term aspirin use before diagnosis was also associated with lower odds of diagnosis with distant metastases (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that long-term aspirin use before a diagnosis of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer may be associated with lower CRC-specific mortality after diagnosis, consistent with possible inhibition of micrometastases before diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina C Newton
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark A Guinter
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William G Cance
- Office of the Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Concurrent Aspirin Use Is Associated with Improved Outcome in Rectal Cancer Patients Who Undergo Chemoradiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020205. [PMID: 33430037 PMCID: PMC7826684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of aspirin in rectal cancer during chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and the factors affecting its efficacy are not well characterized. We compared the outcomes of rectal patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT based on aspirin use. METHODS Patients undergoing CRT for rectal cancer from 2010 to 2018 were evaluated. Aspirin use was determined by medication list prior to treatment. RNA sequencing and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis was performed on surgically resected specimens. RESULTS 147 patients underwent neoadjuvant CRT with a median follow-up of 38.2 months. Forty-two patients were taking aspirin prior to CRT. Aspirin users had significantly less local and distant progression, and improved progression-free and overall survival. On RNA-sequencing, neither PI3KCA nor KRAS mutational status were associated with the benefit of aspirin use or tumor downstaging. PTGS2/COX2 expression trended lower in aspirin users, but not with tumor response. Aspirin use was associated with increases of M1 macrophages, plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, and reduction of M2 macrophages in the resected tumor. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent aspirin use during neoadjuvant CRT was associated with improved local and distant tumor control leading to significantly improved survival. Neither mutations in KRAS or PI3CKA, nor the levels of COX-2 expression at the time of resection of the residual tumor were predictive of these aspirin benefits.
Collapse
|
9
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Recent Insights and Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010130. [PMID: 33374459 PMCID: PMC7794761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer, is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality rates worldwide. Although modern research was able to shed light on the pathogenesis of CRC and provide enhanced screening strategies, the prevalence of CRC is still on the rise. Studies showed several cellular signaling pathways dysregulated in CRC, leading to the onset of malignant phenotypes. Therefore, analyzing signaling pathways involved in CRC metastasis is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism of CRC progression and pharmacotherapy. This review focused on target genes as well as various cellular signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, p53, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Notch, VEGF, and JAKs/STAT3, which are associated with CRC progression and metastasis. Additionally, alternations in methylation patterns in relation with signaling pathways involved in regulating various cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle, transcription, apoptosis, and angiogenesis as well as invasion and metastasis were also reviewed. To date, understanding the genomic and epigenomic instability has identified candidate biomarkers that are validated for routine clinical use in CRC management. Nevertheless, better understanding of the onset and progression of CRC can aid in the development of early detection molecular markers and risk stratification methods to improve the clinical care of CRC patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Fu G, Wei W, Huang Y, Wang Z, Liang T, Tian S, Chen H, Zhang W. Re-Evaluation of the Survival Paradox Between Stage IIB/IIC and Stage IIIA Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:595107. [PMID: 33312954 PMCID: PMC7708319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted this large population-based study to re-evaluate the survival paradox between stage IIB/C and stage IIIA colon cancer based on the newest staging criteria. Methods Colon cancer patients were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database using SEER*Stat software (version 8.3.4) with strict inclusion criteria. We used Chi-square test to compare categorical variables between patients diagnosed with stage IIB/IIC and stage IIIA colon cancer. Survival probabilities were then assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of clinicopathologic characteristics in stage IIB/IIC and stage IIIA colon cancer patients. Results In the current study, a total of 9,227 eligible colon cancer patients were collected from the SEER database between 2010 and 2015. It was found that stage IIIA had 66.4% decreased risk of colon cancer-specific mortality compared with stage IIB (HR = 0.336, 95%CI = 0.286–0.394 for stage IIIA, P < 0.001, using stage IIB as the reference) after the adjustment for other known prognostic factors. And T1N2a colon cancer had significantly lower 5-year overall survival (OS) rate compared with T2N1 disease (74.7% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.018). Conclusions Our study confirmed the existence of survival paradox between stage IIB/IIC and stage IIIA colon cancer based on the newest staging criteria. What is more, the subgroup analyses revealed that T1N2a had the least influence on the survival paradox. N2a colon cancer seemed to be associated with worse prognosis than T2 disease, which would give us a better understanding of tumor biology of colon cancer and be conducive to the refinement of individualized treatment regimens in stage III disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangshun Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prabhakaran S, Leong J, Petrelli NJ, Khatri VP. Precision Medicine in Colorectal Surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2019; 29:23-34. [PMID: 31757311 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews advances in precision medicine for colorectal carcinoma that have influenced screening and treatment, and potentially prevention. Advances in molecular techniques have made it possible for better patient selection for therapies; therefore, mutational analysis should be performed at diagnosis to guide treatment. Future efforts should focus on validating these treatments in specific subgroups and on understanding the mechanisms of resistance to therapies to enable treatment optimization, promote efficacy, and reduce treatment costs and toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Prabhakaran
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joseph Leong
- Department of Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Nicholas J Petrelli
- Department of Surgery, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vijay P Khatri
- Department of Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hybiak J, Broniarek I, Kiryczyński G, Los LD, Rosik J, Machaj F, Sławiński H, Jankowska K, Urasińska E. Aspirin and its pleiotropic application. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172762. [PMID: 31669590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), the oldest synthetic drug, was originally used as an anti-inflammatory medication. Being an irreversible inhibitor of COX (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) enzymes that produce precursors for prostaglandins and thromboxanes, it has gradually found several other applications. Sometimes these applications are unrelated to its original purpose for example its use as an anticoagulant. Applications such as these have opened opportunities for new treatments. In this case, it has been tested in patients with cardiovascular disease to reduce the risk of myocardial infarct. Its function as an anticoagulant has also been explored in the prophylaxis and treatment of pre-eclampsia, where due to its anti-inflammatory properties, aspirin intake may be used to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. It is important to always consider both the risks and benefits of aspirin's application. This is especially important for proposed use in the prevention and treatment of neurologic ailments like Alzheimer's disease, or in the prophylaxis of myocardial infarct. In such cases, the decision if aspirin should be applied, and at what dose may be guided by specific molecular markers. In this revived paper, the pleiotropic application of aspirin is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Hybiak
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Broniarek
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Poland
| | - Gerard Kiryczyński
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Laura D Los
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Hubert Sławiński
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kornelia Jankowska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Urasińska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Preoperative change of modified Glasgow prognostic score after stenting predicts the long-term outcomes of obstructive colorectal cancer. Surg Today 2019; 50:232-239. [PMID: 31407166 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation-based markers predict the long-term outcomes of various malignancies. We investigated the relationship between the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and the long-term outcomes of obstructive colorectal cancer in patients who underwent self-expandable metallic colonic stent placement and subsequently received curative surgery. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 63 consecutive patients with pathological stage II and III obstructive colorectal cancer from 2013 to 2018. The mGPS was calculated before stenting and surgery, and the difference of the scores was defined as the d-mGPS. RESULTS All d-mGPS = 2 patients were > 70 years of age (p = 0.01). Postoperative complications were more common in the preoperative mGPS = 2 group (p = 0.02). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the mGPS = 2 group (p = 0.007). Multivariate analyses revealed that d-mGPS was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.18, p = 0.004) and cancer-specific survival (HR = 9.98, p = 0.01). Preoperative mGPS = 2 was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 5.53, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The results indicated that mGPS might serve as a valuable indicator of the immunonutritional status of preoperative patients, and a preoperative change of the status might affect the long-term outcomes of patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ismail NI, Othman I, Abas F, H Lajis N, Naidu R. Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Curcumin in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2454. [PMID: 31108984 PMCID: PMC6566943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancer with higher incident and mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that about over than 1.1 million of death and 2.2 million new cases by the year 2030. The current treatment modalities with the usage of chemo drugs such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, surgery and radiotherapy, which are usually accompanied with major side effects, are rarely cured along with poor survival rate and at higher recurrence outcome. This trigger the needs of exploring new natural compounds with anti-cancer properties which possess fewer side effects. Curcumin, a common spice used in ancient medicine was found to induce apoptosis by targeting various molecules and signaling pathways involved in CRC. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be one of the promoting factors in colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of apoptosis regulation by curcumin in CRC with regard to molecular targets and associated signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Isnida Ismail
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- UniKL MESTECH, A1-1 Jalan TKS1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 434000 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kosumi K, Hamada T, Zhang S, Liu L, da Silva A, Koh H, Twombly TS, Mima K, Morikawa T, Song M, Nowak JA, Nishihara R, Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Ou FS, Zemla T, Mayer RJ, Baba H, Ng K, Giannakis M, Zhang X, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ogino S. Prognostic association of PTGS2 (COX-2) over-expression according to BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer: Results from two prospective cohorts and CALGB 89803 (Alliance) trial. Eur J Cancer 2019; 111:82-93. [PMID: 30826660 PMCID: PMC6436990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway promotes tumour progression. Considering evidence suggesting increased PGE2 synthesis by BRAF mutation in tumour cells, we hypothesised that the association of tumour PTGS2 (COX-2) expression with colorectal cancer mortality might be stronger in BRAF-mutated tumours than in BRAF-wild-type tumours. METHODS Using 1708 patients, including 1200 stage I-IV colorectal carcinoma cases in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and 508 stage III colon cancer cases in a National Cancer Institute-sponsored randomised controlled trial of adjuvant therapy (CALGB/Alliance 89803), we evaluated tumour PTGS2 (COX-2) expression status using immunohistochemistry. We examined the prognostic association of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression in strata of BRAF mutation status by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to adjust for potential confounders, including disease stage, tumour differentiation, microsatellite instability status and KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. RESULTS In NHS and HPFS, the association of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression with colorectal cancer-specific survival differed by BRAF mutation status (Pinteraction = 0.0005); compared with PTGS2 (COX-2)-negative/low carcinomas, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for PTGS2 (COX-2)-high carcinomas were 2.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.39-4.28) in BRAF-mutated cases and 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.04) in BRAF-wild-type cases. Differential prognostic associations of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression in strata of BRAF mutation status were similarly observed in CALGB/Alliance 89803 trial (Pinteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The association of tumour PTGS2 (COX-2) expression with colorectal cancer mortality is stronger in BRAF-mutated tumours than in BRAF-wild-type tumours, supporting interactive roles of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression and BRAF mutation statuses in prognostication of patients with colorectal cancer; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00003835.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tyler Zemla
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Establishment of three novel cell lines derived from African American patients with colorectal carcinoma: A unique tool for assessing racial health disparity. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1516-1528. [PMID: 30066857 PMCID: PMC6086619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are higher among African Americans (AAs) compared with Caucasian Americans (CAs). To assess the molecular properties associated with racial health disparity, three cell lines derived from colorectal tumors of three AA subjects were established. Cellular and molecular characterization of the cell lines designated CHTN06, SB501 and SB521 was performed using standard technologies, including immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, karyotyping, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and immunoblot analysis. The histology and morphology of CHTN06 xenografts were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. A total of three AA CRC cell lines derived from primary tumors were established and characterized. These cell lines were successfully cultured without immortalization and were found to be tumorigenic as mouse xenografts. In the present study, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of proteins known to be dysregulated in CRC, such as p53, DNA mismatch repair proteins and villin-1. Oncogenic miRNAs (i.e., miR-17, miR-21, miR-182, miR-210 and miR-222) were overexpressed in the AA CRC lines compared with the CA CRC lines (HT-29, HCT116 and SW480). Additionally, the AA CRC cell lines exhibited a differential inflammatory profile compared with HT-29 (CA CRC cell line); specifically noted was IL-8 secretion in response to inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, three novel cell lines derived from AA CRC tissues were generated. These cell lines were characterized as epithelial in nature and exhibited differential expression of several miRNAs and inflammatory responses compared with commercially available cell lines of CA origin. The CRC cell lines CHTN06, SB501 and SB521 represent novel tools that may be used to provide diverse in vitro and in vivo models for studying CRC and racial health disparity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang XJ, Zhao JJ, Chen WJ, Zhang GG, Wang W, Tao HC. Silencing long non-coding RNA, differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA promotes apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2865-2872. [PMID: 30127873 PMCID: PMC6096246 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) has been reported to be a novel potential biomarker for colon cancer prognosis. However, its functional role in colon cancer remains unknown. In the present study, DANCR expression in colon cancer cell lines was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell Counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining and western blotting were utilized to investigate the effect and mechanism of DANCR in the regulation of colon cancer growth. Establishment of a xenograft tumor model followed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling assay and immunohistochemical staining were performed to confirm the findings in vitro. DANCR was revealed to be overexpressed in all human colon cancer cell lines. Silencing DANCR by small interfering RNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Flow cytometry analyses and Hoechst 33258 staining revealed that apoptosis was induced upon DANCR-knockdown. Silencing DANCR was revealed to efficiently impair colon tumor growth by promoting caspase 3 expression and tumor apoptosis. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrated that DANCR is a potential therapeutic target in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Gen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Han-Chuan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hua H, Zhang H, Kong Q, Wang J, Jiang Y. Complex roles of the old drug aspirin in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:114-145. [PMID: 29855050 DOI: 10.1002/med.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent aspirin is widely used for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, epidemiologic evidences reveal that aspirin may prevent a variety of human cancers, while data on the association between aspirin and some kinds of cancer are conflicting. Preclinical studies and clinical trials also reveal the therapeutic effect of aspirin on cancer. Although cyclooxygenase is a well-known target of aspirin, recent studies uncover other targets of aspirin and its metabolites, such as AMP-activated protein kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase, heparanase, and histone. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that aspirin may act in different cell types, such as epithelial cell, tumor cell, endothelial cell, platelet, and immune cell. Therefore, aspirin acts on diverse hallmarks of cancer, such as sustained tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune evasion. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the use of aspirin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and integratively analyze the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of aspirin and its metabolites. We also discuss mechanisms of aspirin resistance and describe some derivatives of aspirin, which aim to overcome the adverse effects of aspirin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|