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Zhao J, Yue P, Mi N, Li M, Fu W, Zhang X, Gao L, Bai M, Tian L, Jiang N, Lu Y, Ma H, Dong C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ren Y, Suzuki A, Wong PF, Tanaka K, Rerknimitr R, Junger HH, Cheung TT, Melloul E, Demartines N, Leung JW, Yao J, Yuan J, Lin Y, Schlitt HJ, Meng W. Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:326-365. [PMID: 39135601 PMCID: PMC11317084 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Matu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningzu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Azumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peng F. Wong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kiyohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrik H. Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tan T. Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Jacobs I, Ke BJ, Ceulemans M, Cremer J, D'Hoore A, Bislenghi G, Matteoli G, De Hertogh G, Sabino J, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, Breynaert C, Vanuytsel T, Verstockt B. Fibrostricturing Crohn's Disease Is Marked by an Increase in Active Eosinophils in the Deeper Layers. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00706. [PMID: 38690831 PMCID: PMC11272291 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) develop intestinal strictures necessitating surgery. The immune cell distribution in these strictures remains uncharacterized. We aimed to identify the immune cells in intestinal strictures of patients with CD. METHODS During ileocolonic resections, transmural sections of terminal ileum were sampled from 25 patients with CD and 10 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Macroscopically unaffected, fibrostenotic, and inflamed ileum was collected and analyzed for immune cell distribution (flow cytometry) and protein expression. Collagen deposition was assessed through a Masson Trichrome staining. Eosinophil and fibroblast colocalization was assessed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The Masson Trichrome staining confirmed augmented collagen deposition in both the fibrotic and the inflamed regions, though with a significant increased collagen deposition in the fibrotic compared with inflamed tissue. Distinct Th1, Th2, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes were identified in fibrotic and inflamed CD ileum compared with unaffected ileum of patients with CD as non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Only minor differences were observed between fibrotic and inflamed tissue, with more active eosinophils in fibrotic deeper layers and increased eosinophil cationic protein expression in inflamed deeper layers. Last, no differences in eosinophil and fibroblast colocalization were observed between the different regions. DISCUSSION This study characterized immune cell distribution and protein expression in fibrotic and inflamed ileal tissue of patients with CD. Immunologic, proteomic, and histological data suggest inflammation and fibrosis are intertwined, with a large overlap between both tissue types. However strikingly, we did identify an increased presence of active eosinophils only in the fibrotic deeper layers, suggesting their potential role in fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Jacobs
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bo-Jun Ke
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Ceulemans
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - André D'Hoore
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bislenghi
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Internal Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
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Lu Y, Houson HA, Gallegos CA, Mascioni A, Jia F, Aivazian A, Song PN, Lynch SE, Napier TS, Mansur A, Larimer BM, Lapi SE, Hanker AB, Sorace AG. Evaluating the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors utilizing PET imaging of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in breast cancer mouse models. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:104. [PMID: 38918836 PMCID: PMC11201779 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with tracers that target CD8 and granzyme B has shown promise in predicting the therapeutic response following immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in immunologically "hot" tumors. However, immune dynamics in the low T-cell infiltrating "cold" tumor immune microenvironment during ICB remain poorly understood. This study uses molecular imaging to evaluate changes in CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells during ICB in breast cancer models and examines biomarkers of response. METHODS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-CD4 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-CD8 radiotracers were used to quantify changes in intratumoral and splenic CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in response to ICB treatment in 4T1 and MMTV-HER2 mouse models, which represent immunologically "cold" tumors. A correlation between PET quantification metrics and long-term anti-tumor response was observed. Further biological validation was obtained by autoradiography and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Following ICB treatment, an increase in the CD8-specific PET signal was observed within 6 days, and an increase in the CD4-specific PET signal was observed within 2 days in tumors that eventually responded to immunotherapy, while no significant differences in CD4 or CD8 were found at the baseline of treatment that differentiated responders from nonresponders. Furthermore, mice whose tumors responded to ICB had a lower CD8 PET signal in the spleen and a higher CD4 PET signal in the spleen compared to non-responders. Intratumoral spatial heterogeneity of the CD8 and CD4-specific PET signals was lower in responders compared to non-responders. Finally, PET imaging, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence signals were correlated when comparing in vivo imaging to ex vivo validations. CONCLUSIONS CD4- and CD8-specific immuno-PET imaging can be used to characterize the in vivo distribution of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in response to immune checkpoint blockade. Imaging metrics that describe the overall levels and distribution of CD8 + T cells and CD4 + T cells can provide insight into immunological alterations, predict biomarkers of response to immunotherapy, and guide clinical decision-making in those tumors where the kinetics of the response differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Carlos A Gallegos
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | | | - Fang Jia
- ImaginAb, Inc, Inglewood, CA, 90301, USA
| | | | - Patrick N Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Shannon E Lynch
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Tiara S Napier
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ameer Mansur
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Benjamin M Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Small Animal Imaging Facility, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, USA.
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Green BL, Myojin Y, Ma C, Ruf B, Ma L, Zhang Q, Rosato U, Qi J, Revsine M, Wabitsch S, Bauer K, Benmebarek MR, McCallen J, Nur A, Wang X, Sehra V, Gupta R, Claassen M, Wang XW, Korangy F, Greten TF. Immunosuppressive CD29 + Treg accumulation in the liver in mice on checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Gut 2024; 73:509-520. [PMID: 37770128 PMCID: PMC10922517 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver metastases are often resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) and portend a worse prognosis compared with metastases to other locations. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are one of several immunosuppressive cells implicated in ICI resistance of liver tumours, but the role played by Tregs residing within the liver surrounding a tumour is unknown. DESIGN Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to characterise hepatic Tregs before and after ICI therapy. RESULTS We found that the murine liver houses a Treg population that, unlike those found in other organs, is both highly proliferative and apoptotic at baseline. On administration of αPD-1, αPD-L1 or αCTLA4, the liver Treg population doubled regardless of the presence of an intrahepatic tumour. Remarkably, this change was not due to the preferential expansion of the subpopulation of Tregs that express PD-1. Instead, a subpopulation of CD29+ (Itgb1, integrin β1) Tregs, that were highly proliferative at baseline, doubled its size in response to αPD-1. Partial and full depletion of Tregs identified CD29+ Tregs as the prominent niche-filling subpopulation in the liver, and CD29+ Tregs demonstrated enhanced suppression in vitro when derived from the liver but not the spleen. We identified IL2 as a critical modulator of both CD29+ and CD29- hepatic Tregs, but expansion of the liver Treg population with αPD-1 driven by CD29+ Tregs was in part IL2-independent. CONCLUSION We propose that CD29+ Tregs constitute a unique subpopulation of hepatic Tregs that are primed to respond to ICI agents and mediate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Green
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuta Myojin
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lichun Ma
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Umberto Rosato
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Qi
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahler Revsine
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon Wabitsch
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kylynda Bauer
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin McCallen
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amran Nur
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Sehra
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Revant Gupta
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Srisai P, Chaiyadet S, Jumnainsong A, Suttiprapa S, Leelayuwat C, Saichua P. T helper cell responses to Opisthorchis viverrini infection associate with host susceptibility. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:135. [PMID: 38363354 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection is endemic in the lower Mekong subregion. The liver is an organ that worms are drawn to and cause damage. However, the immune-related susceptibility in the liver is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated T helper (Th) cell responses in the liver of BALB/c mice and golden Syrian hamsters during 2-28 days post-infection (DPI). We found that Th cell responses were distinct between mice and hamsters in terms of dynamics and polarization. Mice exhibited the early induction of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells responses after the presence of O. viverrini worms at 2 DPI. In hamsters, the late induction of Th1/Th17, downregulation of Th2/Treg responses and early elevation of suppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 were found together with swift reduction of Th cell numbers. Interestingly, expressions of IL-4 (Th2 functional cytokine) and Foxp3 (Treg lineage) were completely different between mice and hamsters which elevated in mice but suppressed in hamsters. These results suggest that early induction and well-regulation are related to host resistance. In contrast, late induction of Th cell response might allow immature worms to develop in the host. Our findings provide a greater understanding in Th cell response-related susceptibility in O. viverrini infection which would be targeting immunity for the development of immune-based intervention such as vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Srisai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Yu Q, Koda S, Xu N, Li J, Wang JL, Liu M, Liu JX, Zhang Y, Yang HM, Zhang BB, Li XY, Li XC, Tang RX, Zheng KY, Yan C. CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:505-515. [PMID: 37076961 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230418111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosis usually involving the whole biliary tree. However, there are very limited treatment options to treat this disease. Our previous study found a lipid-protein rCsHscB from a liver fluke - Clonorchis sinensis, which had full capacities of immune regulation. Therefore, we investigated the role of rCsHscB in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis induced by xenobiotic 3,5- diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) to explore whether this protein had potential therapeutic value for PSC. METHODS Mice were fed 0.1% DDC for 4 weeks and treated with CsHscB (30 μg/mouse, intraperitoneal injection, once every 3 days); the control group was given an equal amount of PBS or CsHscB under normal diet conditions. All the mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks for the evaluation of biliary proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. RESULTS rCsHscB treatment attenuated DDC-induced liver congestion and enlargement and significantly decreased the upregulation of serum AST and ALT levels. The administration of rCsHscB to DDC-fed mice significantly decreased cholangiocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to mice fed with DDC alone. Also, rCsHscB treatment showed a decreased expression of α-SMA in the liver and other markers of liver fibrosis (Masson staining, Hydroxyproline content, and collagen deposit). More interestingly, DDC-fed mice treated with rCsHscB showed a significant up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression, which was similar to control mice, indicating the involvement of PPAR-γ signaling in the protective action of rCsHscB. CONCLUSION Overall, our data show that rCsHscB attenuates the progression of cholestatic fibrosis induced by DDC and supports the potential for manipulating the parasite-derived molecule to treat certain immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cui Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Deng X, Wu Z, Liu D, Fu X, Tang L, He S, Lv J, Wang J, Li Q, Zhan T, Tang Z. Multilayer omics reveals the molecular mechanism of early infection of Clonorchis sinensis juvenile. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:285. [PMID: 37587524 PMCID: PMC10428567 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis remains a non-negligible global zoonosis, causing serious socioeconomic burdens in endemic areas. Clonorchis sinensis infection typically elicits Th1/Th2 mixed immune responses during the course of biliary injury and periductal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which C. sinensis juvenile initially infects the host remains poorly understood. METHODS The BALB/c mouse model was established to study early infection (within 7 days) with C. sinensis juveniles. Liver pathology staining and observation as well as determination of biochemical enzymes, blood routine and cytokines in blood were conducted. Furthermore, analysis of liver transcriptome, proteome and metabolome changes was performed using multi-omics techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test. RESULTS Histopathological analysis revealed that liver injury, characterized by collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration, occurred as early as 24 h of infection. Blood indicators including ALT, AST, WBC, CRP and IL-6 indicated that both liver injury and systemic inflammation worsened as the infection progressed. Proteomic data showed that apoptosis and junction-related pathways were enriched within 3 days of infection, indicating the occurrence of liver injury. Furthermore, proteomic and transcriptomic analysis jointly verified that the detoxification and antioxidant defense system was activated by enrichment of glutathione metabolism and cytochrome P450-related pathways in response to acute liver injury. Proteomic-based GO analysis demonstrated that biological processes such as cell deformation, proliferation, migration and wound healing occurred in the liver during the early infection. Correspondingly, transcriptomic results showed significant enrichment of cell cycle pathway on day 3 and 7. In addition, the KEGG analysis of multi-omics data demonstrated that numerous pathways related to immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis and metabolism were enriched in the liver. Besides, metabolomic screening identified several metabolites that could promote inflammation and hepatobiliary periductal fibrosis, such as CA7S. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that acute inflammatory injury was rapidly triggered by initial infection by C. sinensis juveniles in the host, accompanied by the enrichment of detoxification, inflammation, fibrosis, tumor and metabolism-related pathways in the liver, which provides a new perspective for the early intervention and therapy of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xueling Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases With Integrative Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyin Fu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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8
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Interleukin-33 deficiency prevents biliary injuries and repairments caused by Clonorchis sinensis via restraining type 2 cytokines. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:386. [PMID: 36271450 PMCID: PMC9587592 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic parasitic disease characterized by cholangitis, biliary proliferation, biliary fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Our previous study showed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-33 is increased in both humans and mice infected by C. sinensis, suggesting that IL-33 is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis. However, the roles and potential mechanism of IL-33 underlying remain unknown. Methods Wild-type (WT) and IL-33 knockout (KO) mice (BALB/c female mice) were orally infected with 45 metacercariae of C. sinensis for 8 weeks. Biliary injuries and fibrosis were extensively evaluated. Hepatic type II cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) were detected by ELISA. Results For wild-type mice, we found that the mice infected with C. sinensis showed severe biliary injuries and fibrosis compared with the normal mice that were free from worm infection. In addition, the levels of type II cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 in infected wild-type mice were significantly higher than in the control mice without infection (P < 0.05). However, IL-33 deficiency (IL-33 KO) prevents the augmentation of biliary injuries and fibrosis caused by C. sinensis infection. Furthermore, the increased levels of these type II cytokines induced by worm infection were also reversed in IL-33 KO mice. Conclusion Our present study demonstrates that IL-33 contributes to the pathogenesis of C. sinensis-induced biliary injuries and repair, which can potentially orchestrate type 2 responses. These findings highlight the pathophysiological role of IL-33 in the progression of clonorchiasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05490-6.
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9
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Zhang B, Wang J, Liu M, Zhao Q, Yu G, Zhang B, Hua H, Xu J, Li J, Yu Q, Koda S, Xu YH, Jiang Z, Yan C, Zheng KY. IL-10 regulates Th17 response to inhibit hepatobiliary injury caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection in C57BL/6J mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:994838. [PMID: 36310865 PMCID: PMC9606589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.994838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis is a mainly foodborne parasitic disease. It can lead to hepatobiliary duct inflammation, fibrosis, obstructive jaundice, liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an immune-regulatory cytokine which plays an immunosuppressive role during infection. Our previous study found that IL-10 was increased in mice with C. sinensis infection. However, the role and mechanism of IL-10 playing in hepatobiliary injury induced by C. sinensis infection remain unknown. Herein, Il10+/+ mice and Il10+/- C57BL/6J mice were infected with C. sinensis. It was found that IL-10 deficiency aggravated biliary hyperplasia and exacerbated periductal fibrosis induced by C. sinensis infection. Moreover, IL-10 deficiency increased CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells but not macrophages in the liver of mice with infection. There were no apparent differences in Th1 and Treg cells between Il10+/+ and Il10+/- mice infected with C. sinensis. However, the proportion of Th17 cells in CD4+T cells in Il10+/- infected mice was significantly higher than that in Il10+/+ infected mice. IL-10 deficiency also enhanced the increase of Th17 cells induced by ESPs stimulation in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-10 plays a protective role in hepatobiliary injury in C57BL/6J mice induced by C. sinensis infection via inhibiting Th17 cells, which could deepen our understanding of the immunopathology of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinyao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yan, ; Kui-Yang Zheng,
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yan, ; Kui-Yang Zheng,
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10
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Wang Y, Huang B, Jin T, Ocansey DKW, Jiang J, Mao F. Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835005. [PMID: 35370998 PMCID: PMC8971815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is an important complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the course of the development of fibrosis, certain parts of the intestine become narrowed, significantly destroying the structure and function of the intestine and affecting the quality of life of patients. Chronic inflammation is an important initiating factor of fibrosis. Unfortunately, the existing anti-inflammatory drugs cannot effectively prevent and alleviate fibrosis, and there is no effective anti-fibrotic drug, which makes surgical treatment the mainstream treatment for intestinal fibrosis and stenosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of tissue regeneration and repair through their self-differentiation, secretion of cytokines, and secretion of extracellular vesicles. MSCs have been shown to play an important therapeutic role in the fibrosis of many organs. However, the role of MSC in intestinal fibrosis largely remained unexplored. This review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, including the role of immune cells, TGF-β, and the gut microbiome and metabolites. Available treatment options for fibrosis, particularly, MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Endoscopy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajia Jiang, ; Fei Mao,
| | - Fei Mao
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajia Jiang, ; Fei Mao,
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11
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Koda S, Zhu XQ, Zheng KY, Yan C. Molecular Mechanisms of Clonorchis sinensis-Host Interactions and Implications for Vaccine Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781768. [PMID: 35118069 PMCID: PMC8804234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Clonorchis sinensis remain a significant public health challenge for both humans and animals, causing pyogenic cholangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, biliary fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. However, the strategies used by the parasite and the immunological mechanisms used by the host have not yet been fully understood. With the advances in technologies and the accumulated knowledge of host-parasite interactions, many vaccine candidates against liver flukes have been investigated using different strategies. In this review, we explore and analyze in-depth the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenicity of C. sinensis. We highlight the different mechanisms by which the parasite interacts with its host to induce immune responses. All together, these data will allow us to have a better understanding of molecular mechansism of host-parasite interactions, which may shed lights on the development of an effective vaccine against C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kui-Yang Zheng, ; Chao Yan,
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kui-Yang Zheng, ; Chao Yan,
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12
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Zhang XH, Huang D, Li YL, Chang B. Novel mechanism of hepatobiliary system damage and immunoglobulin G4 elevation caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6639-6653. [PMID: 34447811 PMCID: PMC8362508 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis infection is still a major public health problem. It is estimated that more than 15 million people worldwide are infected, especially in Northeast China, Taiwan, South Korea, and North Vietnam. The detection of Clonorchis sinensis eggs in feces and bile is still the only gold standard for the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis infection, and new detection methods are needed to improve the detection rate. After Clonorchis sinensis invades the human body, it mainly parasitizes the hepatobiliary tract. Therefore, it is closely related to hepatobiliary diseases such as cholangitis, bile duct stones, liver fibrosis, and cholangiocarcinoma. The increase in immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection is rare and there are few reports about the relevant mechanism. It may be related to the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 produced by human phagocytes, T cells, B cells, and other immune cells in the process of resisting the invasion of Clonorchis sinensis. However, this finding still needs further clarification and confirmation. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, serology, imaging, pathogenic mechanism, and control measures of Clonorchis sinensis infection to help establish the diagnostic process for Clonorchis sinensis. We report novel mechanisms of IgG4 elevation due to Clonorchis sinensis infection to provide more experience and a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Die Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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13
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Yan C, Wu J, Xu N, Li J, Zhou QY, Yang HM, Cheng XD, Liu JX, Dong X, Koda S, Zhang BB, Yu Q, Chen JX, Tang RX, Zheng KY. TLR4 Deficiency Exacerbates Biliary Injuries and Peribiliary Fibrosis Caused by Clonorchis sinensis in a Resistant Mouse Strain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:526997. [PMID: 33469517 PMCID: PMC7813683 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.526997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with different genetic backgrounds have various susceptibilities to infection with Clonorchis sinensis, although the mechanisms underlying are largely unknown. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as one of the most important pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) is essential for the invasion, survival, pathogenesis, and elimination of worms. The roles played by TLR4 in C. sinensis infection may vary due to the different genetic backgrounds of mice. In the present study, a relatively resistant mouse strain-C57BL/10 to C. sinensis was used for investigation on the possible roles of TLR4 in the biliary injuries and peribiliary fibrosis. TLR4 wild type (TLR4wild) and TLR4 defective (TLR4def) mice were orally infected with 45 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and all C. sinensis-infected mice and non-infected groups were anesthetized on day 28 post-infection. The liver and serum from each mouse were collected for assessment of the biliary injuries and biliary fibrosis. Meanwhile, hepatic leukocytes were isolated and detected for the activation of M1 or M2 macrophage using flow cytometry. The hepatic type 1 immune response and type 2 immune responses -relative molecules were also evaluated using ELISA and quantitative PCR. The data showed that TLR4def aggravated liver inflammatory cell infiltrations, bile duct proliferation, biliary and hepatocellular injuries, and ECM deposition in C. sinensis-infected mice, compared with TLR4wild mice when they were intragastrically administered with the same amounts of C. sinensis metacercaria. Furthermore, the M2-like macrophages and type 2 immune responses were significantly predominant induced in TLR4def mice, compared with that of TLR4wild mice following C. sinensis infection. But the type 1 immune response were significantly decreased in TLR4def mice, compared with TLR4wild mice after C. sinensis infection. These data demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency exacerbates biliary injuries and peribiliary fibrosis caused by C. sinensis in C57BL/10 strain mice, which is contributed by augments of type 2 immune responses and decrease pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
| | - Na Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian-Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Bai X, Wang N, Zhou J, Cui M, Jing X, Liu N. DX5 + NKT cells' increase was correlated with liver damage in FVB mice not in BALB/c mice infected by Clonorchis sinensis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12796. [PMID: 32984976 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS DX5+ NKT cells' distribution and population change in BALB/c and FVB mice infected by C sinensis and their function in liver damage were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were infected by Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae, and lymphocytes were isolated from the livers, spleens and peripheral blood. NK, DX5+ NKT, INF-γ+ DX5+ NKT cells and liver fibrosis were analysed. The DX5+ NKT cells displayed the largest amount in normal BALB/c mice liver followed by peripheral blood and spleen. Although the hepatic DX5+ NKT cells of BALB/c mice were more than that of FVB mice, they did not show significant percentage change after C sinensis infection. The hepatic DX5+ NKT cells of FVB mice increased remarkably after infection accompanied with heavier liver injury and fibrosis than the BALB/c mice. And hydroxyproline content was also positively correlated with DX5+ NKT cells only in FVB mice. However, the increase of IFN-γ producing DX5+ NKT cells was lower in FVB mice than in BALB/c mice which showed sharp increase with mild liver damage after infection. The frequencies of anti-fibrotic NK cells were similar in both of the two mouse strains. CONCLUSIONS C sinensis could induce different DX5+ NKT cells responses in different mouse strains which may play roles in liver injury and fibrosis in FVB mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou City People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuening Jing
- Department of Immunology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Naiguo Liu
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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15
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Yan C, Fang F, Zhang YZ, Dong X, Wu J, Liu HL, Fan CY, Koda S, Zhang BB, Yu Q, Wang L, Wang YG, Chen JX, Zheng KY. Recombinant CsHscB of carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis induces IL-10 production by binding with TLR2. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008643. [PMID: 33044969 PMCID: PMC7549790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchis sinensis, a fluke dwelling in the intrahepatic bile ducts causes clonorchiasis, which affect about 15 million people wide-distributed in eastern Asia. During C. sinensis infection, worm-host interaction results in activation of patterns recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and further triggers immune responses, which determines the outcome of the infection. However, the mechanisms by which pathogen-associated molecules patterns from C. sinensis interact with TLRs were poorly understood. In the present study, we assumed that the molecules from C. sinensis may regulate host immune responses via TLR2 signaling pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, we have identified a ~34 kDa CsHscB from C. sinensis which physically bound with TLR2 as demonstrated by molecular docking and pull-down assay. We also found that recombinant CsHscB (rCsHscB) potently activates macrophage to express various proteins including TLR2, CD80, MHCII, and cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, but rCsHscB failed to induce IL-10 in macrophages from Tlr2-/- mice. Moreover, ERK1/2 activation was required for rCsHscB-induced IL-10 production in macrophages. In vivo study revealed that rCsHscB triggered a high production of IL-10 in the wild-type (WT) but not in Tlr2-/- mice. Consistently, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also attenuated in Tlr2-/- mice compared to the WT mice, after the treatment with rCsHscB. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data thus demonstrate that rCsHscB from C. sinensis interacts with TLR2 to be endowed with immune regulatory activities, and may have some therapeutic implications in future beyond parasitology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fan Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | | | - Chun-Yang Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Arsenijevic A, Milovanovic J, Stojanovic B, Djordjevic D, Stanojevic I, Jankovic N, Vojvodic D, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Milovanovic M. Gal-3 Deficiency Suppresses Novosphyngobium aromaticivorans Inflammasome Activation and IL-17 Driven Autoimmune Cholangitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1309. [PMID: 31231399 PMCID: PMC6568238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gal-3 has the role in multiple inflammatory pathways. Multiple-hit etiology of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and evolving immune response at various stages of the disease includes involvement of Gal-3 in PBC pathogenesis. In this study we aimed to clarify the role of Gal-3 in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (N. aromaticivorans) induced biliary disease. Autoimmune cholangitis was induced in mice by two intra-peritoneal injections of N. aromaticivorans within 2 weeks. The role of Gal-3 was evaluated by using Lgals3−/− mice and mice treated with Gal-3 inhibitor. The histological and serological parameters of disease, phenotype of dendritic, NK, NKT, and T cells and inflammasome expression were evaluated. Marked attenuation of the disease in Lgals3−/− and Gal-3 inhibitor, DAVANAT®, treated mice is manifested by the absence of bile duct damage, granulomas and fibrosis. Liver infiltrates of N. aromaticivorans infected wild type mice had higher incidence of pro-inflammatory macrophages, dendritic cells, NK, NKT, and T cells. Lgals3 deletion and treatment with Gal-3 inhibitor reduced inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate, expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver infiltrates and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in the livers of N. aromaticivorans infected mice. In vitro stimulation of wild type peritoneal macrophages with N. aromaticivorans caused increased NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production compared with Lgals3−/− cells. Our data highlight the importance of Gal-3 in promotion of inflammation in N. aromaticivorans induced PBC by enhancing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-1β and indicate Gal-3 as possible therapeutical target in autoimmune cholangitis. Galectin-3 appears involved in inflammatory response to gut commensal leading to PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Histology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Djordjevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Jankovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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18
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Yang QL, Shen JQ, Jiang ZH, Shi YL, Wan XL, Yang YC. TLR2 signal influences the iNOS/NO responses and worm development in C57BL/6J mice infected with Clonorchis sinensis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:379. [PMID: 28784165 PMCID: PMC5547496 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and associated cytokine after Clonorchis sinensis infection have been studied recently, their mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signals on iNOS/nitric oxide (NO) responses after C. sinensis infection. We also evaluated the correlations between iNOS responses and worm development, which are possibly regulated by TLR2 signal. METHODS TLR2 wild-type and mutant C57BL/6 J mice were infected with 60 C. sinensis metacercariae, and the samples were collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-infection (dpi). The total serum NO levels were detected using Griess reagent after nitrate was reduced to nitrite. Hepatic tissue samples from the infected mice were sliced and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe worm development in the intrahepatic bile ducts. The iNOS mRNA transcripts in the splenocytes were examined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and iNOS expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Developing C. sinensis juvenile worms were more abundant in the intrahepatic bile ducts of TLR2 mutant mice than those of TLR2 wild-type mice. However, no eggs were found in the faeces of both mice samples. The serum levels of total NO significantly increased in TLR2 mutant mice infected with C. sinensis at 30 (t (5) = 2.595, P = 0.049), 60 (t (5) = 7.838, P = 0.001) and 90 dpi (t (5) = 3.032, P = 0.029). Meanwhile, no changes occurred in TLR2 wild-type mice compared with uninfected controls during the experiment. The iNOS expression in splenocytes showed unexpected higher background levels in TLR2 mutant mice than those in TLR2 wild-type mice. Furthermore, the iNOS mRNA transcripts in splenocytes were significantly increased in the TLR2 wild-type mice infected with C. sinensis at 30 (t (5) = 5.139, P = 0.004), 60 (t (5) = 6.138, P = 0.002) and 90 dpi (t (5) = 6.332, P = 0.001). However, the rising of iNOS transcripts dropped under the uninfected control level in the TLR2 mutant mice at 120 dpi (t (5) = -9.082, P < 0.0001). Both total NO and iNOS transcripts were significantly higher in the TLR2 mutant mice than those in the TLR2 wild-type mice at 30 (t (5) = 3.091/2.933, P = 0.027/0.033) and 60 dpi (t (5) = 2.667/6.331, P = 0.044/0.001), respectively. In addition, the remarkable increase of iNOS expressions was immunohistochemically detected in the splenic serial sections of TLR2 wild-type mice at 30 and 60 dpi. However, the expressions of iNOS were remarkably decreased in the splenocytes of both TLR2 wild-type and mutant mice at 120 dpi. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TLR2 signal plays an important role in the regulation of iNOS expression after C. sinensis infection. TLR2 signal is also beneficial to limiting worm growth and development and contributing to the susceptibility to C. sinensis in which the iNOS/NO reactions possibly participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Qing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Liang Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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