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Stadelmann K, Forestier E, Richalet G, Monnet V, Epaulard O. Seroprevalence of Infection by Borrelia Species Responsible for Lyme Disease in the French Alps: Analysis of 27,360 Serology Tests, 2015-2020. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:196-200. [PMID: 38441498 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lyme borreliosis incidence is increasing in several areas; moreover, it has recently gained the public's attention. Apart from erythema migrans, Lyme disease diagnosis relies (among others) on serology test; however, the prevalence of positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) assay has been poorly studied in the general population. We aimed to approach the seroprevalence of infection by Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease in the French Isere department using city laboratories data. Patients and Methods: We retrieved all serological tests for Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease performed in the two main networks of city laboratories between 2015 and 2020. All patients with both ELISA and WB IgG were considered seropositive. Results: We analyzed 27,360 tests (ELISA/ELISA+WB). Mean age was 50.9 ± 20.3 years (ranges: 0-101), with 57.1% females. Overall, 11.7% had IgG detected by ELISA, and 4.7% had IgG detected by both ELISA and WB assay. Seropositive status was more frequent in males (7.0% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001). Seropositivity rate increased with age after a first peak in childhood; men aged 61-70 years had the highest seropositivity rate (10.3%). In addition, seropositivity rate was higher in persons from a rural area. In multivariate analysis, older age, male gender and living in a rural area were independently associated with seropositivity. Seropositivity rate was stable on the 2017-2020 period. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of infection by Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease is high in Isere; this probably reduces the predictive positive value for Lyme disease of ELISA and WB IgG, suggesting that this serological test should not be performed for nonspecific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Stadelmann
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, CIC1406, Inserm-Université Grenoble Alpes-CHUGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Forestier
- Infectious Disease Unit, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, Chambéry, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Epaulard
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, CIC1406, Inserm-Université Grenoble Alpes-CHUGA, Grenoble, France
- Infectious Disease Unit, Centre Hospitalier Unversitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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2
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Abu Dail Y, Daas L, Flockerzi E, Munteanu C, Kahlert J, Smola S, Seitz B. PCR testing for herpesviruses in aqueous humor samples from patients with and without clinical corneal endothelial graft rejection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29538. [PMID: 38506230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
To compare prevalence of positive PCR tests for herpesviruses between patients with and without a history of clinical corneal endothelial allograft rejection (AGR). Retrospective cross-sectional study with two-group comparison. A total of 307 aqueous humor (AH) samples from 235 Patients and 244 eyes who underwent penetrating keratoplasty or Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty or had a diagnostic AH aspiration due to clinical AGR between 2019 and 2023 were tested for DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). PCR test results were compared between the two groups (with/without AGR). Another sub-analysis examined the results of patients without a history of herpetic keratitis. A total of 8% of eyes with clinical AGR (9/108) had a positive PCR result for one of the herpesviruses (HSV:3, CMV:3, EBV:2, VZV:1). All patients in the group without AGR had negative PCR results for all previous viruses (0/136). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The sub-analysis of eyes without a history of herpetic keratitis also revealed significantly more positive herpes PCR results (7/87) in eyes with AGR than in eyes without AGR (0/42, p = 0.005). Clinical AGR after keratoplasty shows a significant correlation to viral replication. Herpetic infection and AGR could occur simultaneously and act synergistically. Timely differentiation between active herpetic infection and/or AGR is pivotal for proper treatment and graft preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Abu Dail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Loay Daas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Elias Flockerzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Julian Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Department of Virology, Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Virology, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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Song L, Rauf F, Hou CW, Qiu J, Murugan V, Chung Y, Lai H, Adam D, Magee DM, Trivino Soto G, Peterson M, Anderson KS, Rice SG, Readhead B, Park JG, LaBaer J. Quantitative assessment of multiple pathogen exposure and immune dynamics at scale. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0239923. [PMID: 38063388 PMCID: PMC10783028 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02399-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Serology reveals exposure to pathogens, as well as the state of autoimmune and other clinical conditions. It is used to evaluate individuals and their histories and as a public health tool to track epidemics. Employing a variety of formats, studies nearly always perform serology by testing response to only one or a few antigens. However, clinical outcomes of new infections also depend on which previous infections may have occurred. We developed a high-throughput serology method that evaluates responses to hundreds of antigens simultaneously. It can be used to evaluate thousands of samples at a time and provide a quantitative readout. This tool will enable doctors to monitor which pathogens an individual has been exposed to and how that changes in the future. Moreover, public health officials could track populations and look for infectious trends among large populations. Testing many potential antigens at a time may also aid in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Femina Rauf
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Hou
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Vel Murugan
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Yunro Chung
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Huafang Lai
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Deborah Adam
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - D. Mitchell Magee
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Guillermo Trivino Soto
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Milene Peterson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Stephen G. Rice
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jin G. Park
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Houldcroft CJ, Underdown S. Infectious disease in the Pleistocene: Old friends or old foes? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:513-531. [PMID: 38006200 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The impact of endemic and epidemic disease on humans has traditionally been seen as a comparatively recent historical phenomenon associated with the Neolithisation of human groups, an increase in population size led by sedentarism, and increasing contact with domesticated animals as well as species occupying opportunistic symbiotic and ectosymbiotic relationships with humans. The orthodox approach is that Neolithisation created the conditions for increasing population size able to support a reservoir of infectious disease sufficient to act as selective pressure. This orthodoxy is the result of an overly simplistic reliance on skeletal data assuming that no skeletal lesions equated to a healthy individual, underpinned by the assumption that hunter-gatherer groups were inherently healthy while agricultural groups acted as infectious disease reservoirs. The work of van Blerkom, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., vol. suppl 37 (2003), Wolfe et al., Nature, vol. 447 (2007) and Houldcroft and Underdown, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., vol. 160, (2016) has changed this landscape by arguing that humans and pathogens have long been fellow travelers. The package of infectious diseases experienced by our ancient ancestors may not be as dissimilar to modern infectious diseases as was once believed. The importance of DNA, from ancient and modern sources, to the study of the antiquity of infectious disease, and its role as a selective pressure cannot be overstated. Here we consider evidence of ancient epidemic and endemic infectious diseases with inferences from modern and ancient human and hominin DNA, and from circulating and extinct pathogen genomes. We argue that the pandemics of the past are a vital tool to unlock the weapons needed to fight pandemics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Underdown
- Human Origins and Palaeoenvironmental Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Atamna A, Yahav D, Hirzel C. Prevention of Oncogenic Gammaherpesvirinae (EBV and HHV8) Associated Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11856. [PMID: 38046068 PMCID: PMC10689273 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term risk for malignancy is higher among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients compared to the general population. Four non-hepatitis viruses have been recognized as oncogenic in SOT recipients-EBV, cause of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases; human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), cause of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease; human papilloma virus, cause of squamous cell skin cancers, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, cause of Merkel cell carcinoma. Two of these viruses (EBV and HHV8) belong to the human herpes virus family. In this review, we will discuss key aspects regarding the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in SOT recipients associated with the two herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Atamna
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Ludvigsen LUP, Andersen AS, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Jensen-Fangel S, Bøttger P, Handberg KJ, Ivarsen P, d'Amore F, Bibby BM, Albertsen BK, Jespersen B, Thomsen MK. A prospective evaluation of the diagnostic potential of EBV-DNA in plasma and whole blood. J Clin Virol 2023; 167:105579. [PMID: 37683299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA is an important diagnostic tool for EBV-associated disease, but interpretation of its clinical significance is challenging. OBJECTIVES We assessed the diagnostic and clinical performance of WHO-standardised qPCR for EBV-DNA (WHO EBV-qPCR) in plasma and whole blood (WB) for proven EBV disease in a prospectively accrued patient cohort. STUDY DESIGN Central Denmark Region patients, tested with WHO EBV-qPCR from November 2017 to March 2019, were screened for EBV disease. Incidence (IR) was estimated by Poisson regression. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for EBV-qPCR in plasma and WB. Risk of diagnostic latency was compared between patients with EBV-positive and EBV-negative lymphomas. RESULTS EBV disease was diagnosed in 95 of 1484 participants (IR: 16.3 per 1000 patientyears 95%CI; 13.3-19.9). Sensitivity and specificity of WHO EBV-qPCR in plasma was 82.4% (95% CI; 74.2-90.7%) and 87.8% (95% CI; 85.6-90%), yielding a PPV of 32.2% (95% CI; 24.9-39.5%) and NPV of 98.6% (95% CI; 97.7-99.5%) for proven EBV disease. Sensitivity and NPV were comparable in WB, while specificity and PPV decreased to 66.9% (95% CI; 60.6-73.1%) and 18.1% (95% CI; 7.5-28.7%). Risk of diagnostic latency was 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.4-4.1) higher for patients with EBV-positive compared with EBV-negative lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS WHO EBV-qPCR in plasma and WB have a low PPV but a high NPV for proven EBV disease. Implementation of WHO EBV-qPCR could improve interpretation and facilitate EBV-positive lymphoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Ugilt Pagter Ludvigsen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | | | - Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Pernille Bøttger
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Per Ivarsen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Francesco d'Amore
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Klug Albertsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kragh Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Lupo J, Truffot A, Andreani J, Habib M, Epaulard O, Morand P, Germi R. Virological Markers in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030656. [PMID: 36992365 PMCID: PMC10051789 DOI: 10.3390/v15030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus infecting more than 95% of the world’s population. After primary infection—responsible for infectious mononucleosis in young adults—the virus persists lifelong in the infected host, especially in memory B cells. Viral persistence is usually without clinical consequences, although it can lead to EBV-associated cancers such as lymphoma or carcinoma. Recent reports also suggest a link between EBV infection and multiple sclerosis. In the absence of vaccines, research efforts have focused on virological markers applicable in clinical practice for the management of patients with EBV-associated diseases. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an EBV-associated malignancy for which serological and molecular markers are widely used in clinical practice. Measuring blood EBV DNA load is additionally, useful for preventing lymphoproliferative disorders in transplant patients, with this marker also being explored in various other EBV-associated lymphomas. New technologies based on next-generation sequencing offer the opportunity to explore other biomarkers such as the EBV DNA methylome, strain diversity, or viral miRNA. Here, we review the clinical utility of different virological markers in EBV-associated diseases. Indeed, evaluating existing or new markers in EBV-associated malignancies or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases triggered by EBV infection continues to be a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lupo
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Aurélie Truffot
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Andreani
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammed Habib
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Morand
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Raphaële Germi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Cai F, Gao H, Ye Q. Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhejiang, China. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1064330. [PMID: 36846160 PMCID: PMC9947643 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1064330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS All children admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from January 2019 to December 2021 with suspected EBV-associated disease and EBV antibodies were detected by a two-step indirect method of chemiluminescence technology. A total of 44,943 children were enrolled in this study. The seroprevalence of EBV infections was compared from January 2019 to December 2021. RESULTS The total seropositive rate of EBV infections was 61.02% between January 2019 and December 2021, and the seropositive trend decreased year by year. The total number of seropositive EBV infections in 2020 was reduced by 30% compared to that in 2019. In particular, nearly 30% and 50% reductions in the number of acute EBV infections and EBV reactivations or late primary infections from 2019 to 2020 were found, respectively. The number of acute EBV infections in children aged 1-3 years and EBV reactivation or late primary infection in children aged 6-9 years in 2020 sharply dropped by approximately 40% and 64% compared to that in 2019. CONCLUSIONS Our study further demonstrated that the prevention and control measures for COVID-19 in China had a certain effect on containing acute EBV infections and EBV reactivations or late primary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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Ottmann M. [These viruses that inhabit and visit us: The human virome]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:1028-1038. [PMID: 36692282 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in new sequencing technologies have opened the way to the deciphering of human virome. So far, human virome is defined as the complete list of viruses found in human body. Those viruses could be endogenous, prokaryotic, archaeal and eukaryotic. In addition, each compartment of the human body constitutes a different microenvironment with its own virome. Viral infections can be categorized according to the outcome of the acute phase and until recently, only symptomatic and pathological infections were studied. It is now well established that a healthy person has an extremely diverse virome. This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge and also proposes another classification of the human virome based on principles of ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Ottmann
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, université de Lyon, Inserm U1111 - CNRS UMR 5308 - ENS, Laboratoire de virologie et pathologies humaines, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
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10
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Romero-Pinel L, Bau L, Matas E, León I, Muñoz-Vendrell A, Arroyo P, Masuet-Aumatell C, Martínez-Yélamos A, Martínez-Yélamos S. The age at onset of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has increased over the last five decades. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104103. [PMID: 36029708 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) most commonly experience their first symptoms between 20 and 40 years of age. The objective of this study was to investigate how the age at which the first symptoms of RRMS occur has changed over the past decades. METHODS Patients who were followed up in our unit after an initial diagnosis of RRMS using the Poser or McDonald criteria and who experienced their first symptoms between January 1970 and December 2019 were included in the study. The cohort was divided into five groups according to the decade in which the first symptoms appeared. The age at disease onset was compared across decades. Changes in age were also determined after excluding patients with early-onset disease (<18 years of age) and those with late-onset disease (>50 years of age) to avoid bias. RESULTS The cohort included 1,622 patients with RRMS, 67.6% of whom were women. Among them, 5.9% and 4% had early-onset and late-onset disease, respectively. The mean age ± standard deviation at onset was 31.11 ± 9.82 years, with no differences between men and women. The mean ages at onset were 23.79 ± 10.19 years between 1970 and 1979, 27.86 ± 9.22 years between 1980 and 1989, 30.07 ± 9.32 years between 1990 and 1999, 32.12 ± 9.47 between 2000 and 2009, and 34.28 ± 9.83 years between 2010 and 2019. The ages at disease onset were progressively higher in the later decades; this trend was statistically significant (p < 0.001), with a Pearson linear correlation coefficient R of 0.264 and R2 of 0.070 (p < 0.001). The results were similar when analysing men and women separately. We conducted an analysis of 1,460 patients (mean age at onset: 31.10 ± 7.99 years), after excluding patients with early-onset and late-onset disease. In this specific subgroup, the mean ages at disease onset were 28.38 ± 8.17 years between 1970 and 1979, 29.22 ± 7.51 years between 1980 and 1989, 30.06 ± 8.02 years between 1990 and 1999, 31.46 ± 7.77 years between 2000 and 2009, and 33.37 ± 7.97 years between 2010 and 2019. The trend was also statistically significant (p < 0.001), with a Pearson linear correlation coefficient R of 0.193 and R2 of 0.037 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data showed that the age at RRMS onset has increased over the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Romero-Pinel
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Bau
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Matas
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel León
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Muñoz-Vendrell
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Masuet-Aumatell
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Yélamos
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Clíniques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Yélamos
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Clíniques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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West J, Stilwell P, Liu H, Ban L, Bythell M, Card TR, Lanyon P, Nanduri V, Rankin J, Bishton MJ, Crooks CJ. Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study From England 2003-2018. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e797. [PMID: 36340911 PMCID: PMC9624441 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is rare, results in high mortality, and is increasingly being diagnosed. We aimed to quantify the incidence of diagnosed HLH and examine temporal trends in relation to age and associated diseases. Using national linked electronic health data from hospital admissions and death certification cases of HLH that were diagnosed in England between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2018. We calculated incidence rates of diagnosed HLH per million population by calendar year, age group, sex, and associated comorbidity (hematological malignancy, inflammatory rheumatological or bowel diseases [IBD]). We modeled trends in incidence and the interactions between calendar year, age, and associated comorbidity using Poisson regression. There were 1674 people with HLH diagnosed in England between 2003 and 2018. The incidence rate quadrupled (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2018 compared to 2003: 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.91 to 5.28), increasing 11% annually (adjusted IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.12). There was a transition across age groups with greater increases in those aged 5-14 years of HLH associated with rheumatological disease/IBD compared with hematological malignancy, with similar increases in HLH associated with both comorbidities for those 15-54, and greater increases in HLH associated with hematological malignancies for those 55 years and older. The incidence of HLH in England has quadrupled between 2003 and 2018. Substantial variation in the incidence occurred with inflammatory rheumatological diseases/IBD-associated HLH increasing more among the younger age groups, whereas in older age groups, the largest increase was seen with hematological malignancy-associated HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe West
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Stilwell
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Hanhua Liu
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mary Bythell
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Tim R Card
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Lanyon
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Judith Rankin
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mark J Bishton
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham
| | - Colin J Crooks
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham
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12
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Declining Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Prevalence in College Freshmen Strengthens the Rationale for a Prophylactic EBV Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091399. [PMID: 36146477 PMCID: PMC9505200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To better understand the epidemiology of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and to identify EBV-naïve candidates eligible to receive a prophylactic EBV vaccine, we screened freshmen from the University of Minnesota Class of 2025 for circulating EBV antibody, which is indicative of previous infection. This permitted us to compare their EBV antibody prevalence with that of 4 other freshman classes (Classes of 2010, 2011, 2016, 2021) that have been previously published. Methods: Freshman students were recruited during screening sessions in the residence halls. Venous blood was collected and the serum fraction tested for IgG antibody against EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA IgG) using commercial enzyme immunoassays. Results: All classes combined, 1196 participants were tested (female, 677; male, 513; did not identify gender, 6) who were 18–23 years old (median, 18; mean, 18.37). The EBV VCA IgG antibody prevalence was 58% (689/1196) and was higher in women than men. The EBV antibody prevalence of 64% (170/267) in the 2010 freshman class versus 52% (78/150) in the Class of 2025 was statistically significantly different (p = 0.0223, Fisher exact test).” Conclusions: Sufficient participants are available for a prophylactic vaccine trial. Antibody prevalence decreased over 15 years from 64% to 52%. If this trend continues, the number of EBV-naïve adolescents and young adults who are in the age group most susceptible to infectious mononucleosis will increase, strengthening the rationale to develop an effective prophylactic EBV vaccine.
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13
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Muhealdeen DN, Shwan A, Yaqo RT, Hassan HA, Muhammed BO, Ali RM, Hughson MD. Epstein-Barr virus and Burkitt's lymphoma. Associations in Iraqi Kurdistan and twenty-two countries assessed in the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:39. [PMID: 35897021 PMCID: PMC9327396 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) has worldwide variations in incidence that are related to the age of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This study examined the age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) of BL and community EBV seropositivity in Iraqi Kurdistan and compared results with data from countries tabulated in the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer volume 3 (IICC-3). Methods The ASIR (95% confidence intervals) of BL in Sulaimani Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan were calculated for the years 2010–2020. Specimens from 515 outpatients were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to EBV viral capsid antigen.
Results In Sulaimani, 84% of BL occurred under 20 years of age, with an ASIR of 6.2 (4.7–7.7) per million children. This ASIR was not significantly different than that of Egypt, Morocco, Israel, Spain, or France. It was slightly higher than the ASIR of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany and markedly higher than for Asia and South Africa. In Africa and much of Asia, early childhood EBV exposure predominates, with nearly all children being infected by 5 years of age. In Sulaimani, just over 50% of children were EBV seropositive at 3 years old and 90% seropositivity was reached at 15 years of age. In Europe and North America, seropositivity is commonly delayed until adolescence or young adulthood and adult predominates over childhood BL. Conclusion In the Middle East, childhood BL is relatively common and adult BL is rare. In Sulaimani, EBV seropositivity increases progressively throughout childhood and reaches 92% at mid-adolescence. This may reflect the Mid East more widely. We suggest that the high childhood and low adult BL rates may be a regional effect of a pattern of EBV exposure intermediate between early childhood and adolescent and young adult infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana N Muhealdeen
- Sulaimani University College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.,Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Alan Shwan
- Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Rafil T Yaqo
- Dohuk University School of Medicine, Dohuk, Iraq
| | - Hemin A Hassan
- Sulaimani University College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.,Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Rawa M Ali
- Sulaimani University College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.,Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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14
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Liu M, Wang X, Zhang L, Feng G, Zeng Y, Wang R, Xie Z. Epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of infectious mononucleosis in hospitalized children in the mainland of China: a nationwide retrospective study. Virol Sin 2022; 37:637-645. [PMID: 35840103 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is very common, with the infection rate in adults over 90% worldwide. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is caused by primary infection with EBV. Most IM patients are generally considered to have a favorable prognosis, but a few patients will also develop complications. Children with severe symptoms will require hospitalization. However, the disease burden of children hospitalized with IM in China has been rarely described. In this study, we included the Face sheets of discharge medical records from 27 member children's hospitals of Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development from Jan 1st, 2016 to Dec 31st, 2020, and medical information such as gender, age, region, time of admission, length of stay and expenditure were extracted. There are 24,120 IM cases, which accounted for 0.42% (24,120/5,693,262) of all hospitalized cases during this period. The ratio of male to female was 1.48:1. Hospitalization for IM in the 4-6 y age group was the highest among inpatients of all age groups. Case numbers increased year by year between 2016 to 2020, and the monthly hospitalization was generally high from Jul to Sep but reduced from Jan to Feb per year. Bronchitis/pneumonia and hepatic dysfunction are two common complications in hospitalized IM patients. The median length of stay was 8 days, and the median cost of hospitalization was 970.59 US dollars. This study will help understand the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of hospitalized children with IM in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yueping Zeng
- Medical Record Management Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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15
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West J, Card TR, Bishton MJ, Lanyon P, Ban L, Bythell M, Elliss-Brookes L, Manson JJ, Nanduri V, Rankin J, Tattersall RS, Crooks CJ. Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population-based cohort study from England. J Intern Med 2022; 291:493-504. [PMID: 34875131 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hyper-inflammatory condition with poor outcomes. OBJECTIVES Few population-based estimates of the incidence and survival in adults exist. We aimed to provide these data for England. METHODS We used population-based linked data from primary care, secondary care, cancer registries and mortality databases in England to identify people diagnosed with HLH between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016. We calculated annual incidence rates by age and sex, modelled change in incidence over time with Poisson regression, calculated overall 1-year survival using Kaplan-Meier methods and estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of death using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS We identified 214 patients with HLH. The reported age and sex-adjusted incidence increased twofold over the period, from around one to around two per million. Incidence was highest in those below 1 year (14.6 per million) and ≥75 years (2.2 per million), and lowest in those aged 15-44 years (0.8 per million). One-year survival varied by age and sex from 77% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63%-86%) in those <15 years to 30% (95% CI 14%-49%) in those ≥75. In patients with haematological cancer, the adjusted HR for death was 2.60 (95% CI 1.45-4.66) compared to patients with no malignant or rheumatological disease. CONCLUSION The incidence of HLH diagnosis in England has increased between 2000 and 2016 and occurs in all ages with varying underlying diseases. One-year survival varies substantially, being particularly poor in those aged over 75 years and those with haematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe West
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Tim R Card
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark J Bishton
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Lanyon
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lu Ban
- Evidera by PPD, London, UK
| | - Mary Bythell
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jessica J Manson
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Vasanta Nanduri
- Department of Paediatrics, Watford General Hospital, Watford, UK
| | - Judith Rankin
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel S Tattersall
- Department of Rheumatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Colin J Crooks
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK.,Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Rose EC, Tse TY, Oates AW, Jackson K, Pfeiffer S, Donahoe SL, Setyo L, Barrs VR, Beatty JA, Pesavento PA. Oropharyngeal Shedding of Gammaherpesvirus DNA by Cats, and Natural Infection of Salivary Epithelium. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030566. [PMID: 35336972 PMCID: PMC8950464 DOI: 10.3390/v14030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Felis catus gammaherpesvirus-1 (FcaGHV1), a novel candidate oncogenic virus, infects cats worldwide. Whether the oropharynx is a site of virus shedding and persistence, and whether oronasal carcinomas harbor FcaGHV1 nucleic acid were investigated. In a prospective molecular epidemiological study, FcaGHV1 DNA was detected by cPCR in oropharyngeal swabs from 26/155 (16.8%) of cats. Oropharyngeal shedding was less frequently detected in kittens ≤3 months of age (5/94, 5.3%) than in older animals; >3 months to ≤1 year: 8/26, 30.8%, (p = 0.001, OR 7.91, 95% CI (2.320, 26.979)); >1 year to ≤6 years: 10/20, 50%, (p < 0.001, OR 17.8 95% CI (5.065, 62.557)); >6 years: 3/15, 33% (p = 0.078). Provenance (shelter-owned/privately owned) was not associated with shedding. In situ hybridization (ISH) identified FcaGHV1-infected cells in salivary glandular epithelium but not in other oronasal tissues from two of three cats shedding viral DNA in the oropharynx. In a retrospective dataset of 11 oronasopharyngeal carcinomas, a single tumor tested positive for FcaGHV1 DNA by ISH, a papillary carcinoma, where scattered neoplastic cells showed discrete nuclear hybridization. These data support the oronasopharynx as a site of FcaGHV1 shedding, particularly after maternal antibodies are expected to decline. The salivary epithelium is identified as a potential site of FcaGHV1 persistence. No evidence supporting a role for FcaGHV1 in feline oronasal carcinomas was found in the examined tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Rose
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.C.R.); (T.Y.T.); (A.W.O.); (K.J.); (P.A.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Tiffany Y. Tse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.C.R.); (T.Y.T.); (A.W.O.); (K.J.); (P.A.P.)
| | - Andrew W. Oates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.C.R.); (T.Y.T.); (A.W.O.); (K.J.); (P.A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ken Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.C.R.); (T.Y.T.); (A.W.O.); (K.J.); (P.A.P.)
| | - Susanne Pfeiffer
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Shannon L. Donahoe
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.L.D.); (L.S.); (V.R.B.)
| | - Laura Setyo
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.L.D.); (L.S.); (V.R.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.L.D.); (L.S.); (V.R.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.L.D.); (L.S.); (V.R.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Patricia A. Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.C.R.); (T.Y.T.); (A.W.O.); (K.J.); (P.A.P.)
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17
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Castillo A, Giraldo S, Guzmán N, Bravo LE. Factors associated with the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in the oral cavity of high school students from the city of Cali (Colombia). ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:113-120. [PMID: 35000871 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. The main route of EBV transmission is oral, through saliva. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity in high school students in the city of Cali (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study in order to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity, the reasons for its prevalence and its association with several factors, in 1565 individuals. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, oral health, sexual behavior, cigarrete smoking and alcohol intake. The association between the EBV detection and the variables evaluated was done through a generalized linear regression model with logarithmic linkage and Poisson distribution with robust variance. RESULTS The percentage of exposure to EBV in the oral cavity was 38.40% (CI 95%: 36.02-40.84). The frequency of presenting EBV exposure was 22% higher in men and the risk increased according to sexual behaviour. An inverse association with the school grade was found: the eleventh-grade participants had 27% less frequency of exposure to EBV than the lower grades (sixth to eighth). When analyzing the logistic model to study the association between EBV detection and independent variables, the association was overestimated. The overestimation ranged from 27% to 47% depending on the type of variable. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity of healthy students was similar to that previously described. Factors associated to sexual behavior increased the risk of opportunity to be exposed to EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Sebastián Giraldo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nataly Guzmán
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali, Departamento de Patología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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18
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de Castro Alves CE, Pinheiro-Silva R, Silva MT, Galvão TF, de Melo Silva J, Moura Neto JP, Pontes GS. Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections in Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:67-77. [PMID: 34152262 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1942043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections affect around 95% of the world's population. In Brazil, there are few epidemiological reports related to EBV and CMV infection, especially in the western Amazon region. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of EBV and CMV infection in individuals residents in Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil. Blood samples of 443 individuals were tested for the presence of anti-EBV and anti-CMV IgG antibodies through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EBV (95.9%; 95% CI: 0.94;0.98), CMV (96.8%; 95% CI: 0.95;0.98) and CMV/EBV (93%;95% CI: 0.91-0.95) coinfection were highly prevalent in the study population. Children (1 to 5 years) not attending school were less susceptible to EBV (OR 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05-0.52; p = 0.017) and CMV infections (OR 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.17; p < 0.0001). Teenagers at high school showed increased susceptibility to CMV infection (OR 4.65; 95%CI: 1.43-15.08; p = .013) and EBV/CMV co-infection (OR 3.04; 95%CI: 1.44-6.45; p = 0.005). The seroprevalence of CMV and EBV infections were preeminent and tend to increase with age in the study population. Either attendance to a daycare facility or primary school before the age of 5 years may increase the susceptibility to EBV or CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Renato Pinheiro-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Hematologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Freire Galvão
- Faculdade De Farmácia, Universidade Estadual De Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean de Melo Silva
- Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Hematologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Coordenação Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde, Laboratório De Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian E Gottwald
- Med. Klinik und -Poliklinik IV\/Sektion Klinische -Infektiologie, Klinikum Innenstadt der LMU München, Pettenkoferstraße 8 a, 80336, München, Germany.
| | - Johannes R Bogner
- Med. Klinik und -Poliklinik IV\/Sektion Klinische -Infektiologie, Klinikum Innenstadt der LMU München, Pettenkoferstraße 8 a, 80336, München, Germany
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20
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Pereira LMS, Dos Santos França E, Costa IB, Lima IT, Freire ABC, de Paula Ramos FL, Monteiro TAF, Macedo O, Sousa RCM, Freitas FB, Costa IB, Vallinoto ACR. Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18476. [PMID: 34531433 PMCID: PMC8446016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the prevalence and risk factors for primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-positive adult treatment-naïve patients between January 2018 and December 2019 in a state of the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 268 HIV-1 positive patients and 65 blood donors participated in the study. Epidemiological data were obtained from medical records and through a designed questionnaire. EBV infection was screened by the semiquantitative detection of anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) EBV IgM and IgG, followed by molecular detection of the EBNA-3C gene. The plasma viral loads of HIV-1 and EBV were quantified using a commercial kit. The prevalence of primary coinfection was 7.12%. The associated risk factors were education level, family income, history of illicit drug use and sexually transmitted infections, homosexual contact and condom nonuse. Approximately 58.5% had late initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which influenced the risk of HIV-EBV 1/2 multiple infection (odds ratio (OR): 4.76; 95% CI 1.51–15.04) and symptom development (p = 0.004). HIV viral load was associated with patient age (OR: 2.04; 95% CI 2.01–2.07; p = 0.026) and duration of illicit drug use (OR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.12–2.22; p = 0.0548). EBV viral load was associated with younger age (OR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.0579). The replication of both viruses was associated with symptom development (HIV = OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.22–3.50; p = 0.0073; EBV = OR: 8.81; 95% CI 1–10; p = 0.0447). The prevalence of HIV/EBV coinfection was lower than that observed in other studies, and social vulnerability and promiscuous sexual behavior were associated risk factors. A long time of HIV-1 infection, without therapy, influenced the risk of coinfection and disease progression. The viral loads of both viruses may be associated with some epidemiological aspects of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliane Dos Santos França
- Epstein-Barr Virus Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iran Barros Costa
- Epstein-Barr Virus Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor Tenório Lima
- Epstein-Barr Virus Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Olinda Macedo
- Laboratory of Retroviruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Virology Section, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rita Catarina Medeiros Sousa
- Epstein-Barr Virus Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bonfim Freitas
- Laboratory of Retroviruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Virology Section, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor Brasil Costa
- Epstein-Barr Virus Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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21
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Evaluation of Immune Dysregulation in an Austrian Patient Cohort Suffering from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091359. [PMID: 34572574 PMCID: PMC8465819 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe multi-systemic disease characterized by debilitating fatigue that is not relieved by rest. The causes of the disease are still largely unexplained, and no causative treatment is currently available. Changes in the immune response are considered as fundamental in the development of ME/CFS. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the immunological profile of ME/CFS patients in a retrospective data analysis. As part of the routine workup for ME/CFS patients, a differential blood count, leukocyte subtyping, and quantification of immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses, as well as a complement analysis, was performed. Out of 262 ME/CFS patients, 64.9% had a reduction or deficiency in at least one of the listed immune parameters. In contrast, 26.3% showed signs of immune activation or inflammation. A total of 17.6% of the ME/CFS patients had an unclassified antibody deficiency, with IgG3 and IgG4 subclass deficiencies as the most common phenotypes. Reduced MBL (mannose-binding lectin) levels were found in 32% of ME/CFS patients, and MBL deficiency in 7%. In summary, the present results confirmed the relevance of immune dysfunction in ME/CFS patients underlining the involvement of a dysfunctional immune response in the disease. Thus, immune parameters are relevant disease biomarkers, which might lead to targeted therapeutic approaches in the future.
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22
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Hu H, Deng H, Bi J, Xu Y, Li S, Xie Y, Sun X, Wang D, Li X, Ouyang W, Hu B, Zhang Y, Tang H, Fang C, Zhang H, Guo L, Wang C, Wang T, Yang F, Jiang T, Xie Z, Liu G. Clinical characteristics and effectiveness of antiviral agents in hospitalized children with infectious mononucleosis in China: A multicenter retrospective study. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:188-194. [PMID: 34589674 PMCID: PMC8458718 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Chinese children have not been evaluated in multicenter studies, and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment are controversial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of Chinese children with IM and current status of antiviral therapy for affected patients. METHODS Hospitalized patients with IM were enrolled between 2018 and 2020 in five children's hospitals in China. The clinical characteristics were compared among four age groups: <3 years, 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, and ≥10 years. The clinical characteristics of IM and effectiveness of antiviral therapy were compared among patients receiving acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir (GCV), and no antiviral therapy (i.e., non-antiviral group). RESULTS In total, 499 patients were analyzed; most patients were 3-<6 years of age. The most common symptoms and signs included fever (100%), lymphadenopathy (98.6%), pharyngitis (86.4%), eyelid edema (76.8%), and snoring (72.9%). There were significant differences in rash, hepatomegaly, and liver dysfunction among the four age groups. Patients aged < 3 years had a lower incidence of liver dysfunction and a higher incidence of rash. Among the 499 patients, 50.1% were treated with GCV, 26.3% were treated with ACV, and 23.6% received no antiviral therapy. Compared with the non-antiviral group, patients in the ACV and GCV groups had longer durations of fever (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications among the three treatment groups. INTERPRETATION The incidence of IM in Chinese children peaked at 3-<6 years of age. Clinical features of IM varied according to age. Patients receiving antiviral therapy exhibited more serious clinical manifestations than did patients without antiviral therapy. The effectiveness of antiviral therapy for IM requires further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationResearch Unit of Critical Infection in ChildrenChinese Academy of Medical ScienceDepartment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Huiling Deng
- Department of Infectious DiseasesXi’an Children’s HospitalXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBaoding Children’s HospitalBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Yi Xu
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Hepatology CenterHunan Children’s HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationResearch Unit of Critical Infection in ChildrenChinese Academy of Medical ScienceDepartment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Xinrong Sun
- Department of Infectious DiseasesXi’an Children’s HospitalXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Dongmeng Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBaoding Children’s HospitalBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Xufang Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenxian Ouyang
- Hepatology CenterHunan Children’s HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationResearch Unit of Critical Infection in ChildrenChinese Academy of Medical ScienceDepartment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesXi’an Children’s HospitalXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - He Tang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBaoding Children’s HospitalBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Chunxiao Fang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hepatology CenterHunan Children’s HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lingyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationResearch Unit of Critical Infection in ChildrenChinese Academy of Medical ScienceDepartment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesXi’an Children’s HospitalXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBaoding Children’s HospitalBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hepatology CenterHunan Children’s HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious DiseasesKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesResearch Unit of Critical Infection in ChildrenChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU016Laboratory of Infection and VirologyBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationResearch Unit of Critical Infection in ChildrenChinese Academy of Medical ScienceDepartment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
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Mouat IC, Morse ZJ, Shanina I, Brown KL, Horwitz MS. Latent gammaherpesvirus exacerbates arthritis through modification of age-associated B cells. eLife 2021; 10:e67024. [PMID: 34080972 PMCID: PMC8337075 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults, though the nature of the relationship remains unknown. Herein, we have examined the contribution of viral infection to the severity of arthritis in mice. We have provided the first evidence that latent gammaherpesvirus infection enhances clinical arthritis, modeling EBV's role in RA. Mice latently infected with a murine analog of EBV, gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68), develop more severe collagen-induced arthritis and a Th1-skewed immune profile reminiscent of human disease. We demonstrate that disease enhancement requires viral latency and is not due to active virus stimulation of the immune response. Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are associated with several human autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, though their contribution to disease is not well understood. Using ABC knockout mice, we have provided the first evidence that ABCs are mechanistically required for viral enhancement of disease, thereby establishing that ABCs are impacted by latent gammaherpesvirus infection and provoke arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C Mouat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Zachary J Morse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Iryna Shanina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Kelly L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Marc S Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Mabilangan C, Burton C, O’Brien S, Plitt S, Eurich D, Preiksaitis J. Using blood donors and solid organ transplant donors and recipients to estimate the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in Canada: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2020; 5:158-176. [PMID: 36341316 PMCID: PMC9608736 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are common, causing significant morbidity in pregnancy (congenital CMV) and transplant recipients (CMV, EBV). Canadian prevalence data are needed to model disease burden and develop strategies for future vaccines. We estimated prevalence using screening data from blood donors and solid organ transplant (SOT) donors and recipients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed CMV and EBV serology from Alberta SOT donors (n = 3,016) and recipients (n = 4,614) (1984-2013) and Canadian Blood Services blood donors (n = 1,253,350) (2005-2014), studying associations with age, sex, organ, year, and geographic region. RESULTS CMV seroprevalence rises gradually with age. By age 70, CMV seropositivity ranged from 67% (blood donors) to 73% (SOT recipients). Significant proportions of women of child-bearing age were CMV-seronegative (organ donors, 44%; SOT recipients, 43%; blood donors, 61%). Blood donor CMV seroprevalence decreased from 48% in Western Canada to 30% in Eastern Canada. Women were more likely to be CMV-seropositive (ORs = 1.58, 1.45, and 1.11 for organ donors, SOT recipients, and blood donors, respectively) and EBV-seropositive (ORs = 1.87 and 1.46 for organ donors and SOT recipients, respectively). EBV prevalence rises rapidly, and by age 17-29 years, 81% of SOT recipients and 90% of organ donors were seropositive. CONCLUSIONS Canada has relatively low and perhaps decreasing age-specific EBV and CMV prevalence, making Canadians vulnerable to primary infection-associated morbidity and suggesting benefit from future vaccines. Collection and analysis of routine serology screening data are useful for observing trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Mabilangan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Burton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheila O’Brien
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Plitt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dean Eurich
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jutta Preiksaitis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence: Jutta Preiksaitis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 1-125 CSB, 11350 83 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada. Telephone: 780-492-8164. Fax: 780-492-8050. E-mail:
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Castillo A, Giraldo S, Guzmán N, Bravo LE. Factors associated with the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in the oral cavity of high school students from the city of Cali (Colombia). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30277-9. [PMID: 33008677 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. The main route of EBV transmission is oral, through saliva. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity in high school students in the city of Cali (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study in order to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity, the reasons for its prevalence and its association with several factors, in 1,565 individuals. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, oral health, sexual behavior, cigarrete smoking and alcohol intake. The association between the EBV detection and the variables evaluated was done through a generalized linear regression model with logarithmic linkage and Poisson distribution with robust variance. RESULTS The percentage of exposure to EBV in the oral cavity was 38.40% (CI 95%: 36.02-40.84). The frequency of presenting EBV exposure was 22% higher in men and the risk increased according to sexual behaviour. An inverse association with the school grade was found: the eleventh-grade participants had 27% less frequency of exposure to EBV than the lower grades (sixth to eighth). When analyzing the logistic model to study the association between EBV detection and independent variables, the association was overestimated. The overestimation ranged from 27 to 47% depending on the type of variable. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity of healthy students was similar to that previously described. Factors associated to sexual behavior increased the risk of opportunity to be exposed to EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Sebastián Giraldo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nataly Guzmán
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali, Departamento de Patología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Abrahamyan S, Eberspächer B, Hoshi MM, Aly L, Luessi F, Groppa S, Klotz L, Meuth SG, Schroeder C, Grüter T, Tackenberg B, Paul F, Then-Bergh F, Kümpfel T, Weber F, Stangel M, Bayas A, Wildemann B, Heesen C, Zettl U, Warnke C, Antony G, Hessler N, Wiendl H, Bittner S, Hemmer B, Gold R, Salmen A, Ruprecht K. Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:681-686. [PMID: 32371533 PMCID: PMC7361012 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Serum samples were collected from 901 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the German National MS cohort, a prospective cohort of patients with early MS with stringent inclusion criteria. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies were measured in diluted sera by chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs). Sera of EBNA-1 and VCA antibody-negative patients were retested undiluted by an EBV IgG immunoblot. For comparison, we retrospectively analysed the EBV seroprevalence across different age cohorts, ranging from 0 to >80 years, in a large hospital population (N=16 163) from Berlin/Northern Germany. RESULTS EBNA-1 antibodies were detected by CLIA in 839 of 901 patients with CIS/RRMS. Of the 62 patients without EBNA-1 antibodies, 45 had antibodies to VCA as detected by CLIA. In all of the remaining 17 patients, antibodies to EBV were detected by immunoblot. Altogether, 901 of 901 (100%) patients with CIS/RRMS were EBV-seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased with age in the hospital population but did not reach 100% in any of the investigated age cohorts. CONCLUSION The complete EBV seropositivity in this large cohort of patients with early MS strengthens the evidence for a role of EBV in MS. It also suggests that a negative EBV serology in patients with suspected inflammatory central nervous system disease should alert clinicians to consider diagnoses other than MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargis Abrahamyan
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Muna-Miriam Hoshi
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schroeder
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Tackenberg
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- Neurological Clinic, Sana Kliniken des Landkreises Cham, Cham, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonios Bayas
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Heesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Zettl
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Clemens Warnke
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gisela Antony
- Central Information Office (CIO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hessler
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anke Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kuri A, Jacobs BM, Vickaryous N, Pakpoor J, Middeldorp J, Giovannoni G, Dobson R. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:912. [PMID: 32532296 PMCID: PMC7291753 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gamma-herpesvirus with which ~ 95% of the healthy population is infected. EBV infection has been implicated in a range of haematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Delayed primary EBV infection increases the risk of subsequent complications. Contemporaneous seroepidemiological data is needed to establish best approaches for successful vaccination strategies in the future. METHODS We conducted a sero-epidemiological survey using serum samples from 2325 individuals between 0 and 25 years old to assess prevalence of detectable anti-EBV antibodies. Second, we conducted a retrospective review of Hospital Episode Statistics to examine changes in Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) incidence over time. We then conducted a large case-control study of 6306 prevalent IM cases and 1,009,971 unmatched controls extracted from an East London GP database to determine exposures associated with IM. RESULTS 1982/2325 individuals (85.3%) were EBV seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased more rapidly in females than males during adolescence (age 10-15). Between 2002 and 2013, the incidence of IM (derived from hospital admissions data) increased. Exposures associated with an increased risk of IM were lower BMI, White ethnicity, and not smoking. CONCLUSIONS We report that overall EBV seroprevalence in the UK appears to have increased, and that a sharp increase in EBV seropositivity is seen in adolescent females, but not males. The incidence of IM requiring hospitalisation is increasing. Exposures associated with prevalent IM in a diverse population include white ethnicity, lower BMI, and never-smoking, and these exposures interact with each other. Lastly, we provide pilot evidence suggesting that antibody responses to vaccine and commonly encountered pathogens do not appear to be diminished among EBV-seronegative individuals. Our findings could help to inform vaccine study designs in efforts to prevent IM and late complications of EBV infection, such as Multiple Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvin Kuri
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikki Vickaryous
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Julia Pakpoor
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaap Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Reckziegel M, Weber-Osel C, Egerer R, Gruhn B, Kubek F, Walther M, Wilhelm S, Zell R, Krumbholz A. Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1581-1592. [PMID: 32462500 PMCID: PMC7253234 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) can take a serious course under immunosuppression. Data on the impact of the underlying pathogens are still controversial. Samples from the upper (n = 322) and lower RT (n = 169) were collected from 136 children and 355 adults; 225 among them have been immunocompromised patients. Exclusion criteria were presence of relevant cultivable microorganisms, C-reactive protein > 20 mg/dl, or procalcitonin > 2.0 ng/ml. Samples were tested by PCR for the presence of herpesviruses (HSV-1/-2; VZV; CMV; HHV6; EBV), adenoviruses, bocaviruses, entero-/rhinoviruses (HRV), parechoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses (IV), parainfluenza viruses as well as for pneumoviruses (HMPV and RSV), and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M.p.; Chlamydia pneumoniae, C.p.). Viral/bacterial genome equivalents were detected in more than two-thirds of specimens. Under immunosuppression, herpesviruses (EBV 30.9%/14.6%, p < 0.001; CMV 19.6%/7.9%, p < 0.001; HSV-1: 14.2%/7.1%, p = 0.012) were frequently observed, mainly through their reactivation in adults. Immunocompromised adults tended to present a higher RSV prevalence (6.4%/2.4%, p = 0.078). Immunocompetent patients were more frequently tested positive for IV (15.0%/5.8%, p = 0.001) and M.p. (6.4%/0.4%, p < 0.001), probably biased due to the influenza pandemic of 2009 and an M.p. epidemic in 2011. About 41.8% of samples were positive for a single pathogen, and among them EBV (19.9%) was most prevalent followed by HRV (18.2%) and IV (16.6%). HSV-2 and C.p. were not found. Marked seasonal effects were observed for HRV, IV, and RSV. Differences in pathogen prevalence were demonstrated between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The exact contribution of some herpesviruses to the development of RTI remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Reckziegel
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Weber-Osel
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Catholic Hospital 'St. Johann Nepomuk', Erfurt, Germany
| | - Renate Egerer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Kubek
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Walther
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Jena University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wilhelm
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Zell
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Sharifipour S, Davoodi Rad K. Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus among children and adults in Tehran, Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 34:100641. [PMID: 32025310 PMCID: PMC6997212 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) as a herpes virus can be associated with numerous infections and cancers. The virus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis. There is no accurate estimation of the seroprevalence of EBV in Tehran, so this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of EBV among children and adults in Tehran, Iran. This descriptive–analytical study was conducted from 2015 to 2019 in Tehran province. In this study, 1220 people were selected by cross-sectional sampling, and blood samples and demographic data were collected by questionnaire. An anti-EBV-VCA ELISA kit was used to determine the seroprevalence of IgG against viral capsid antigen (VCA) among children and adults. In this study, most of the participants were in the age range of 20–29 years (349 individuals). The results of the ELISA test showed that the highest number of positive cases were in people over 40 years (94.8%), 30–39 years (92.5%) and 20–29 years were (92.1%), respectively. On the other hand, the seroprevalence of EBV infection in boys and girls up to 3 years was about 50%, and in adults, up to 40 years, it was about 95% (p < 0.001). The results of this study showed that in Tehran, the seroprevalence of VCA-IgG varied from 70% in primary school children to more than 90% in adults up to 40 years, indicating a broad spread of the virus. The results also indicate that the seroprevalence of EBV is high among men and women in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharifipour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Davoodi Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rostgaard K, Balfour HH, Jarrett R, Erikstrup C, Pedersen O, Ullum H, Nielsen LP, Voldstedlund M, Hjalgrim H. Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with and without infectious mononucleosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226436. [PMID: 31846480 PMCID: PMC6917282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common adverse presentation of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in adolescence and later, but is rarely recognized in early childhood where primary EBV infection commonly occurs. It is not known what triggers IM, and also not why IM risk upon primary EBV infection (IM attack rate) seemingly varies between children and adolescents. IM symptoms may be severe and persist for a long time. IM also markedly elevates the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple sclerosis for unknown reasons. The way IM occurrence depends on age and sex is incompletely described and hard to interpret etiologically, because it depends on three quantities that are not readily observable: the prevalence of EBV-naϊve persons, the hazard rate of seroconverting and the attack rate, i.e. the fraction of primary EBV infections that is accompanied by IM. We therefore aimed to provide these quantities indirectly, to obtain epidemiologically interpretable measures of the dynamics of IM occurrence to provide etiological clues. Methods and findings We used joint modeling of EBV prevalence and IM occurrence data to provide detailed sex- and age-specific EBV infection rates and IM attack rates and derivatives thereof for a target population of all Danes age 0–29 years in 2006–2011. We demonstrate for the first time that IM attack rates increase dramatically rather precisely in conjunction to typical ages of puberty onset. The shape of the seroconversion hazard rate for children and teenagers confirmed a priori expectations and underlined the importance of what happens at age 0–2 years. The cumulative risk of IM before age 30 years was 13.3% for males and 22.4% for females. IM is likely to become more common through delaying EBV infection in years to come. Conclusions The change in attack rate at typical ages of puberty onset suggests that the immunologic response to EBV drastically changes over a relatively short age-span. We speculate that these changes are an integrated part of normal sexual maturation. Our findings may inform further etiologic research into EBV-related diseases and vaccine design. Our methodology is applicable to the epidemiological study of any infectious agent that establishes a persistent infection in the host and the sequelae thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Rostgaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Henry H. Balfour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Ruth Jarrett
- MRC—University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nanni P, Landuzzi L, Manara MC, Righi A, Nicoletti G, Cristalli C, Pasello M, Parra A, Carrabotta M, Ferracin M, Palladini A, Ianzano ML, Giusti V, Ruzzi F, Magnani M, Donati DM, Picci P, Lollini PL, Scotlandi K. Bone sarcoma patient-derived xenografts are faithful and stable preclinical models for molecular and therapeutic investigations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12174. [PMID: 31434953 PMCID: PMC6704066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard therapy of osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (EW) rests on cytotoxic regimes, which are largely unsuccessful in advanced patients. Preclinical models are needed to break this impasse. A panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) was established by implantation of fresh, surgically resected osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (EW) in NSG mice. Engraftment was obtained in 22 of 61 OS (36%) and 7 of 29 EW (24%). The success rate in establishing primary cell cultures from OS was lower than the percentage of PDX engraftment in mice, whereas the reverse was observed for EW; the implementation of both in vivo and in vitro seeding increased the proportion of patients yielding at least one workable model. The establishment of in vitro cultures from PDX was highly efficient in both tumor types, reaching 100% for EW. Morphological and immunohistochemical (SATB2, P-glycoprotein 1, CD99, caveolin 1) studies and gene expression profiling showed a remarkable similarity between patient’s tumor and PDX, which was maintained over several passages in mice, whereas cell cultures displayed a lower correlation with human samples. Genes differentially expressed between OS original tumor and PDX mostly belonged to leuykocyte-specific pathways, as human infiltrate is gradually replaced by murine leukocytes during growth in mice. In EW, which contained scant infiltrates, no gene was differentially expressed between the original tumor and the PDX. A novel therapeutic combination of anti-CD99 diabody C7 and irinotecan was tested against two EW PDX; both drugs inhibited PDX growth, the addition of anti-CD99 was beneficial when chemotherapy alone was less effective. The panel of OS and EW PDX faithfully mirrored morphologic and genetic features of bone sarcomas, representing reliable models to test therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Righi
- Service of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giordano Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parra
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Carrabotta
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna L Ianzano
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Giusti
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Davide Maria Donati
- Third Orthopedic Clinic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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Fugl A, Andersen CL. Epstein-Barr virus and its association with disease - a review of relevance to general practice. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2019; 20:62. [PMID: 31088382 PMCID: PMC6518816 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-0954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background General practitioners encounter the vast majority of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-related disease, i.e. infectious mononucleosis in children and adolescents. With the expanding knowledge regarding the multifaceted role of Epstein-Barr virus in both benign and malignant disease we chose to focus this review on Epstein-Barr virus-related conditions with relevance to the general practitioners. A PubMed and Google Scholar literature search was performed using PubMed’s MeSH terms of relevance to Epstein-Barr virus/infectious mononucleosis in regard to complications and associated conditions. Main text In the present review, these included three early complications; hepatitis, splenic rupture and airway compromise, as well as possible late conditions; lymphoproliferative cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. This review thus highlights recent advances in the understanding of Epstein-Barr virus pathogenesis, focusing on management, acute complications, referral indications and potentially associated conditions. Conclusions Hepatitis is a common and self-limiting early complication to infectious mononucleosis and should be monitored with liver tests in more symptomatic cases. Splenic rupture is rare. Most cases are seen within 3 weeks after diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and may occur spontaneously. There is no consensus on the safe return to physical activities, and ultrasonic assessment of spleen size may provide the best estimate of risk. Airway compromise due to tonsil enlargement is encountered in a minority of patients and should be treated with systemic corticosteroids during hospitalization. Association between lymphoproliferative cancers, especially Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma, and infectious mononucleosis are well-established. Epstein-Barr virus infection/infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis has been documented and may be linked to genetic susceptibility. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection is rare. However, a general practitioner should be aware of this as a differential diagnosis in patients with persisting symptoms of infectious mononucleosis for more than 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fugl
- The Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) Database, Section of General Practice and The Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christen Lykkegaard Andersen
- The Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) Database, Section of General Practice and The Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kourieh A, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Dalstein V, Clifford GM, Lacau St Guily J, Clavel C, Franceschi S, Combes JD. Prevalence of human herpesviruses infections in nonmalignant tonsils: The SPLIT study. J Med Virol 2019; 91:687-697. [PMID: 30318627 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of all known human herpesviruses (HHV) in tonsils of an age-stratified large sample of immunocompetent children and adults. METHODS Patients undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indications were recruited in 19 French hospitals. After resection, the entire outer surfaces of right and left half tonsils were extensively brushed. A highly sensitive species-specific multiplex assay was used to detect herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), HSV2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; types 1 and 2), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in 688, as well as varicella zoster virus (VZV), HHV6A, HHV6B, HHV7, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA in a subset of 440 tonsil brushings. RESULTS Overall 85% of tonsil brushing samples were infected with at least one HHV species. HHV7 and EBV were the most prevalent (≈70%), followed by HHV6B (≈50%), HSV1, CMV, VZV (≈2%), and KSHV and HSV2 (<1%), while HHV6A was not detected. EBV prevalence was significantly higher in adults than in children, whereas it was opposite for HHV6B and VZV. No difference in HHV prevalence was observed by sex. In multivariate analysis, EBV detection was associated with age greater than or equal to 15 years (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-2.3) and marginally with tobacco smoking (PR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3). CONCLUSION Differing patterns of HHV infection in tonsils in a large age-stratified population were described. This study is by far the largest available and shows that EBV, HHV6B, and HHV7 are commonly detected in the tonsils in both men and women, in contrast to other HHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboud Kourieh
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Véronique Dalstein
- CHU Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1250, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Jean Lacau St Guily
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University and Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- CHU Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1250, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Giraldo-Ocampo S, Osorio JC, Fernández A, Castillo A. Detección del virus Epstein Barr en escolares adolescentes en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. INFECTIO 2019. [DOI: 10.22354/in.v23i2.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Detectar el virus Epstein-Barr en estudiantes de secundaria entre los 14 y 17 años de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia y su posible asociación con la edad, sexo y grado escolar.Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal en donde se analizaron 374 muestras de saliva, tomadas entre el año 2015 y 2016, mediante PCR convencional y PCR en Tiempo real. Se evalúo la asociación entre la detección del ADN viral y las características demográficas, además de un análisis de razón de oportunidades para evaluar la medida de la asociación.Resultados: El ADN viral fue detectado en el 45% (167/374) de las muestras orales, encontrándose una presencia viral mayor en los escolares de los grados octavo y noveno (p=0,004); en donde los estudiantes de 14 años presentaron un riesgo de 2,4 veces mayor para la detección del virus (IC 95%:1,12-4,9) en comparación con los estudias de más edad.Conclusión: En el presente estudio se evidencio la exposición del VEB en la cavidad oral de estudiantes de secundaria, lo cual hace necesario que se tomen acciones de vigilancia que permitan monitorear las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en la salud de los escolares.
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Stubbins RJ, Alami Laroussi N, Peters AC, Urschel S, Dicke F, Lai RL, Zhu J, Mabilangan C, Preiksaitis JK. Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumors in solid organ transplant recipients: Incidence over 31 years at a single institution and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 2018; 21:e13010. [PMID: 30298678 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT) are a rare complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT). Incidence data related to this EBV-SMT are limited. EBV DNA is universally present in these tumors. How these cells get infected with EBV, whether this is a result of primary EBV infection vs reactivation, and how persistent active EBV infection post-transplant influences EBV-SMT pathogenesis remains unknown. METHODS Among 5006 SOT recipients (474 pediatric, 4532 adult) receiving SOT at our center between Jan 1984 and Dec 2015, three cases of post-transplant EBV-SMT were identified. RESULTS All cases were pediatric heart transplants who were EBV seronegative prior to transplant, and experienced primary EBV infection with persistently elevated EBV viral loads, despite antiviral therapy. Two are deceased at 3.2 and 0.9 years post-diagnosis, while one remains alive 6.2 years post diagnosis. The overall local incidence of post-transplant EBV-SMT at our institution was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.2-1.7) per 1000 patient years, and 2.6 (95% CI, 0.6-6.7) per 1000 patient years in pediatric heart transplants. A literature review identified 36 pediatric and 51 adult cases of post-transplant EBV-SMT. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that pre-transplant EBV seronegativity, followed by primary EBV infection and persistently high EBV viral loads, represents a unique risk factor for post-transplant EBV-SMT. Pediatric heart transplant recipients were found to be disproportionately affected by post-transplant EBV-SMT at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stubbins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nassiba Alami Laroussi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthea C Peters
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Urschel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Dicke
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond L Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Curtis Mabilangan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jutta K Preiksaitis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Devkota K, He M, Liu MY, Li Y, Zhang YW. Increasing Epstein-Barr virus infection in Chinese children: A single institutional based retrospective study. F1000Res 2018; 7:1211. [PMID: 31114674 PMCID: PMC6505636 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15544.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus in humans and the most common causative agent of Infectious Mononucleosis. EBV primary infection has recently risen in some countries and children below 2 years of age are highly susceptible. The clinical manifestations in children with EB virus infection involve multiple systems, causing severe illness, meaning attention should be paid during diagnosis and treatment. Objective: This single institution based retrospective study was carried out with the aim of estimating the overall prevalence of EBV infection and identifying high-risk age group among children. Methods: This study include total 253 patients under 15 years of age found to be positive for EBV DNA by serum PCR who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Renmin Hospital,(Shiyan, China) during a 4-year period from 2014 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups; 0-<4years, 4-<6years and 6-<15years. We then calculated the percentage and prevalence of EBV DNA-positive cases. Results: The yearly EBV prevalence rate was 4.99 per 1000 admissions in 2014, 6.97 per 1000 admissions in 2015, 10.42 per 1000 admissions in 2016, and 12.16 per 1000 admissions in 2017. Out of 253 EBV-positive cases, those under 4 years had the highest rate of EBV infection (74.7%). The rate drops to 11.06% in the 4-6 years group, and was 14.22% in the 6-15 years group. Those between 6 months and 1 year are those at the highest risk. Conclusion: The rate of hospital admission of children due to EBV infection is increasing day by day. Children under 4 years of age are highly susceptible to infection and children of age between 6 months and 1 year are the high-risk group for EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Devkota
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - Maio He
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - Meng Yi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - You Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
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Devkota K, He M, Liu MY, Li Y, Zhang YW. Increasing Epstein-Barr virus infection in Chinese children: A single institutional based retrospective study. F1000Res 2018; 7:1211. [PMID: 31114674 PMCID: PMC6505636 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15544.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus in humans and the most common causative agent of Infectious Mononucleosis. EBV primary infection has recently risen in some countries and children below 2 years of age are highly susceptible. The clinical manifestations in children with EB virus infection involve multiple systems, causing severe illness, meaning attention should be paid during diagnosis and treatment. Objective: This single institution based retrospective study was carried out with the aim of estimating the overall prevalence of EBV infection and identifying high-risk age group among children. Methods: This study include total 253 patients under 15 years of age found to be positive for EBV DNA by PCR who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Renmin Hospital,(Shiyan, China) during a 4-year period from 2014 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups; 0-<4years, 4-<6years and 6-<15years. We then calculated the percentage and prevalence of EBV DNA-positive cases. Results: The yearly EBV prevalence rate was 4.99 per 1000 admissions in 2014, 6.97 per 1000 admissions in 2015, 10.42 per 1000 admissions in 2016, and 12.16 per 1000 admissions in 2017. Out of 253 EBV-positive cases, those under 4 years had the highest rate of EBV infection (74.7%). The rate drops to 11.06% in the 4-6 years group, and was 14.22% in the 6-15 years group. Those between 6 months and 1 year are those at the highest risk. Conclusion: The rate of hospital admission of children due to EBV infection is increasing day by day. Children under 4 years of age are highly susceptible to infection and children of age between 6 months and 1 year are the high-risk group for EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Devkota
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - Maio He
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - Meng Yi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
| | - You Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 44200, China
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Tuon FF, Wollmann LC, Pegoraro D, Gouveia AM, Andrejow AP, Schultz AT, Gomes CJ, Novaes OC, Salmória PA. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus in 578 tissue donors in Brazil. J Infect Public Health 2018; 12:289-291. [PMID: 30031667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the prevalence of IgG antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, and EBV in tissue donors from different regions of Brazil between February 2016 and July 2017. In this retrospective study, 578 donors were evaluated from different regions of Brazil. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was 61.2%, CMV was 93%, and EBV was 98.3%. The seroprevalence increased with age, from 27.8% in donors younger than 18 years of age to 67.6% in those older than 60 years of age (p<0.05). The analysis of the seroprevalence of CMV and EBV showed similar percentages (>90%) among the different states, the interior and capital of Paraná state, sex, and age. The seroprevalence of CMV, EBV and TOXO is high in all groups and age in Brazilian donors of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F Tuon
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Luciana C Wollmann
- Human Bank Tissue, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Pegoraro
- Human Bank Tissue, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline M Gouveia
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Andrejow
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda T Schultz
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila J Gomes
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ohana C Novaes
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Phaolla A Salmória
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Yan Y, Ren Y, Chen R, Hu J, Ji Y, Yang J, Shen J, Hu L, Pei H, Wang J, Qiu Y, Lu H, Huang L. Evaluation of Epstein-Barr Virus Salivary Shedding in HIV/AIDS Patients and HAART Use: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Virol Sin 2018; 33:227-233. [PMID: 29654554 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Little data is available on the evaluation of the occurrence rates of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in saliva and relationship with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use in HIV/AIDS patients in China. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of EBV serological tests for HIV/AIDS patients who were treated in the hospitals for infectious diseases in Wuxi and Shanghai, China from May 2016 to April 2017. The EBV-seropositive samples were identified by ELISA. EBV-specific primers and probes were used for the quantitative detection of viral DNA from saliva via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD4 cell counts of the HIV/AIDS patients were detected by a flow cytometry. A total of 372 HIV/AIDS patients were ultimately selected and categorized for this retrospective cohort study. For EBV IgG and IgM, the HIV/AIDS HAART use (H) and non-HAART use (NH) groups had significantly higher seropositive rates than the HIV-negative control group. The HIV/AIDS (NH) group had the highest seropositive rate (IgG, 94.27%; IgM, 68.98%) and the highest incidence of EBV reactivation or infection. For salivary EBV DNA-positive rates and quantities, the HIV/AIDS (H) (73.69%) and the HIV/AIDS (NH) (100%) groups showed significantly higher values than the HIV-negative control group (35.79%, > twofold). Further, the salivary EBV DNA-negative population had significantly higher CD4 cell counts than the EBV DNA-positive population in the HIV/AIDS (H) group and the HIV/AIDS (NH) groups. Thus, HAART use is beneficial in decreasing the EBV salivary shedding in HIV/AIDS patients and indirectly decreases EBV transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.,Wuxi Institute of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.,The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Wuxi Red Ribbon Care Center of China Red Cross, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China
| | - Renfang Chen
- Wuxi Institute of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.,Wuxi Red Ribbon Care Center of China Red Cross, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yongjia Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Junyang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiayin Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lvyin Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hao Pei
- Wuxi Institute of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.,The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.,The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China
| | - Yuanwang Qiu
- Wuxi Institute of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.,The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China. .,Wuxi Institute of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China. .,The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214016, China.
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Anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in Beijing during 2013-2017: What we have found in the different patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193171. [PMID: 29494658 PMCID: PMC5832223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which is prevalent in South China, and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune diseases has not been studied in the mainland of China. The EBV serological tests have been performed on patients with various diseases or manifestations for years at our institution and their values need to be evaluated. Methods For routine medical purposes, anti-EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies, anti-EBV diffuse early antigen (EA-D) IgA antibodies, and anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1(EBNA-1) IgG antibodies were tested with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients visiting Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2013 and 2017. The test results were analyzed in this retrospective study. Results There were a total of 11122 serum samples available to be tested in the study. As indicators of past EBV infection, the prevalence of VCA-IgG/EBNA1-IgG were 66.6%/58.5%, 84.3%/78.8%, 92.9%/87.0% and 98.5%/95.4% in patients aged under 5 years, 6–10 years, 11–20 years and 21–30 years old, respectively, and these values maintained at this highest rate as age increased further. The prevalence of VCA-IgM, as a parameter of acute EBV infection, was 14.6%, 10.2%, 10.4%, 6.3% and 3.1% in patients aged under 5 years, 6–10 years,11–20 years, 21–30 years, 31–40 years old, respectively, and decreased to 2%~3% in older patients. Patients with elevated serum liver enzymes were more likely to have a higher prevalence of EA/D IgA antibody (P < 0.01) and young patients (≤30 years) with lymphadenopathy were more likely to have higher prevalence of VCA-IgM antibody (P < 0.01). The prevalence of VCA-IgA and EAD-IgA were 87.0% and 59.2% in NPC patients, respectively, and both were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in non-NPC patients. The prevalence of VCA-IgA was 45.4% and 25.6% in SLE patients and patients with other autoimmune diseases, respectively, which were significantly (P < 0.001) and mildly (P = 0.039) higher than their controls. In pediatric SLE patients between 6 and10 years old, the prevalence of VCA-IgG, VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgG was 100%, 59.5% and 100%, respectively, all being significantly higher than the age (6-10y) related controls (P< 0.01). In the 705 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) specimens, VCA-IgG, VCA-IgM, VCA-IgA and EAD-IgA were found to be positive in 12.1%, 0.15%, 0.25% and 0.25%, respectively. There were 157 paired specimens (CSF and serum were collected simultaneously) and VCA-IgG was identified as positive in 12.7% of the CSF and 100% of the serum specimens. Conclusions Around 98% of Chinese patients were infected with EBV before 30 years of age and the highest rate of acute EBV infection were observed in patients under 5 years old. EBV infection was found to be associated with elevated serum liver enzymes, NPC and SLE. Acute anti-EBV antibody was valued for young patients with lymphadenopathy but limited value for CNS neuropathy.
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Lampejo T, Lambourne J, Armstrong M, Checkley AM, Nastouli E. Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus mononucleosis: Important causes of febrile illness in returned travellers. Travel Med Infect Dis 2017; 19:28-32. [PMID: 28943374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing the cause of fever in the returned traveller is challenging. Efforts often focus on identifying 'exotic' pathogens. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections cause clinical features that overlap with many exotic pathogens. The age-matched seroprevalence of both EBV and CMV is greater in tropical than temperate areas. We describe the clinical and laboratory features of returned travellers diagnosed with primary CMV and EBV syndromes. METHODS Patients with laboratory-confirmed primary EBV and CMV infections who had attended the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD), London between 1st October 2011 and 1st October 2016 were identified. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained and analysed. RESULTS Twenty-two patients with primary EBV infection and 31 with primary CMV infection were identified. The commonest presenting features of both infections were fever (81.1%), headache (50.9%) and arthralgia/myalgia (49.1%). Cervical lymphadenopathy was seen more frequently with EBV than with CMV (59.1% vs. 25.8%, P = 0.02). Transaminitis (79.2%) and lymphocytosis (52.8%) were the commonest laboratory abnormalities in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Primary EBV and CMV infections are important causes of febrile illness in returning travellers. Identification of these pathogens prevents unnecessary, expensive investigations for more 'exotic' pathogens and impacts clinical management for example facilitating prognostication and antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temi Lampejo
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan Lambourne
- Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Armstrong
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Checkley
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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