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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang K, Zhang D, Zheng L. Advancing Microfluidic Immunity Testing Systems: New Trends for Microbial Pathogen Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:3322. [PMID: 39064900 PMCID: PMC11279515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in the global disease burden due to their ability to cause various diseases and spread through multiple transmission routes. Immunity tests identify antigens related to these pathogens, thereby confirming past infections and monitoring the host's immune response. Traditional pathogen detection methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs), are often labor-intensive, slow, and reliant on sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, which can be limiting in resource-poor settings. In contrast, the development of microfluidic technologies presents a promising alternative, offering automation, miniaturization, and cost efficiency. These advanced methods are poised to replace traditional assays by streamlining processes and enabling rapid, high-throughput immunity testing for pathogens. This review highlights the latest advancements in microfluidic systems designed for rapid and high-throughput immunity testing, incorporating immunosensors, single molecule arrays (Simoas), a lateral flow assay (LFA), and smartphone integration. It focuses on key pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and the ZIKA virus (ZIKV). Additionally, the review discusses the challenges, commercialization prospects, and future directions to advance microfluidic systems for infectious disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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2
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Anoma S, Bhattarakosol P, Kowitdamrong E. Characteristics and evolution of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of Influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Thailand during 2015 to 2018. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17523. [PMID: 38846750 PMCID: PMC11155671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A(H3N2) virus evolves continuously. Its hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes have high genetic variation due to the antigenic drift. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and evolution of HA and NA genes of the influenza A(H3N2) virus in Thailand. Methods Influenza A positive respiratory samples from 2015 to 2018 were subtyped by multiplex real-time RT-PCR. Full-length HA and NA genes from the positive samples of influenza A(H3N2) were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis with the maximum likelihood method was used to investigate the evolution of the virus compared with the WHO-recommended influenza vaccine strain. Homology modeling and N-glycosylation site prediction were also performed. Results Out of 443 samples, 147 (33.18%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 296 (66.82%) were A(H3N2). The A(H3N2) viruses circulating in 2015 were clade 3C.2a whereas sub-clade 3C.2a1 and 3C.2a2 dominated in 2016-2017 and 2018, respectively. Amino acid substitutions were found in all antigenic sites A, B, C, D, and E of HA but the majority of the substitutions were located at antigenic sites A and B. The S245N and N329S substitutions in the NA gene affect the N-glycosylation. None of the mutations associated with resistance to NA inhibitors were observed. Mean evolutionary rates of the HA and NA genes were 3.47 × 10 -3 and 2.98 × 10-3 substitutions per site per year. Conclusion The influenza A(H3N2) virus is very genetically diverse and is always evolving to evade host defenses. The HA and NA gene features including the evolutionary rate of the influenza A(H3N2) viruses that were circulating in Thailand between 2015 and 2018 are described. This information is useful for monitoring the genetic characteristics and evolution in HA and NA genes of influenza A(H3N2) virus in Thailand which is crucial for predicting the influenza vaccine strains resulting in high vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Anoma
- Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, Graduated School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekasit Kowitdamrong
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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AbuBakar U, Amrani L, Kamarulzaman FA, Karsani SA, Hassandarvish P, Khairat JE. Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans. Viruses 2023; 15:833. [PMID: 37112812 PMCID: PMC10142937 DOI: 10.3390/v15040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus has a vast and antigenically varied reservoir. In wild aquatic birds, the infection is typically asymptomatic. Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross into new species, and occasionally it can acquire the ability to transmit from human to human. A pandemic might occur if a new influenza virus acquires enough adaptive mutations to maintain transmission between people. This review highlights the key determinants AIV must achieve to initiate a human pandemic and describes how AIV mutates to establish tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding the tropism of AIV may be crucial in preventing virus transmission in humans and may help the design of vaccines, antivirals and therapeutic agents against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarqayum AbuBakar
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lina Amrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Elanie Khairat
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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4
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Kaveh K, Tazarghi A, Hosseini P, Fotouhi F, Ajorloo M, Rabiei Roodsari M, Razavi Nikoo H. Molecular characterization of the neuraminidase gene of influenza B virus in Northern Iran. Virusdisease 2023; 34:21-28. [PMID: 37009253 PMCID: PMC10050514 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors are the only FDA-approved class of antiviral agents against influenza B viruses. Resistance to these drugs has been reported from different parts of the world; however, there seems to be not enough information about this issue in Iran. We aimed to study the genetic evolution of these viruses as well as the presence of possible mutations concerning drug resistance in northern Iran. RNA was extracted from naso- and oropharyngeal swabs and amplified by one-step RT-PCR for detection and sequencing of the neuraminidase gene. All the data were edited and assembled utilizing BioEdit DNASequence Alignment Editor Software, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed via MEGA software version 10. Finally, resistance-associated mutations and B-cell epitopes substitutions were assessed by comparing our sequences with the counterparts in the reference strains. Comparing our sequences with reference strains revealed that the analyzed isolates of influenza B pertained to the B-Yamagata lineage, had a few B-cell epitopes alterations, and contained no particular mutations concerning resistance against neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir. Our findings suggest that all the strains circulating in northern Iran and hopefully other parts of the country can be considered sensitive to this class of drugs. Although it is promising, we strongly recommend additional investigations to evaluate the impact of such drug-resistant mutations in other regions, which in turn will assist the public health agencies in taking immediate and effective therapeutic measures into account when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kaveh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abbas Tazarghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parastoo Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza Research Lab, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ajorloo
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute of Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rabiei Roodsari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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5
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Rattanaburi S, Sawaswong V, Nimsamer P, Mayuramart O, Sivapornnukul P, Khamwut A, Chanchaem P, Kongnomnan K, Suntronwong N, Poovorawan Y, Payungporn S. Genome characterization and mutation analysis of human influenza A virus in Thailand. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e21. [PMID: 35794701 PMCID: PMC9299564 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A viruses have high mutation rates and cause a serious health problem worldwide. Therefore, this study focused on genome characterization of the viruses isolated from Thai patients based on the next-generation sequencing technology. The nasal swabs were collected from patients with influenza-like illness in Thailand during 2017-2018. Then, the influenza A viruses were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and isolated by MDCK cells. The viral genomes were amplified and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq platform. Whole genome sequences were used for characterization, phylogenetic construction, mutation analysis and nucleotide diversity of the viruses. The result revealed that 90 samples were positive for the viruses including 44 of A/H1N1 and 46 of A/H3N2. Among these, 43 samples were successfully isolated and then the viral genomes of 25 samples were completely amplified. Finally, 17 whole genomes of the viruses (A/H1N1, n=12 and A/H3N2, n=5) were successfully sequenced with an average of 232,578 mapped reads and 1,720 genome coverage per sample. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the A/H1N1 viruses were distinguishable from the recommended vaccine strains. However, the A/H3N2 viruses from this study were closely related to the recommended vaccine strains. The nonsynonymous mutations were found in all genes of both viruses, especially in HA and NA genes. The nucleotide diversity analysis revealed negative selection in the PB1, PA, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/H1N1 viruses. High-throughput data in this study allow for genetic characterization of circulating influenza viruses which would be crucial for preparation against pandemic and epidemic outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somruthai Rattanaburi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Nimsamer
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Oraphan Mayuramart
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pavaret Sivapornnukul
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ariya Khamwut
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Kongnomnan
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A and B viruses plays a distinct role in viral replication and has a highly conserved catalytic site. Numerous sialic (neuraminic) acid analogs that competitively bind to the NA active site and potently inhibit enzyme activity have been synthesized and tested. Four NA inhibitors are now licensed in various parts of the world (zanamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) to treat influenza A and B infections. NA changes, naturally occurring or acquired under selective pressure, have been shown to reduce drug binding, thereby affecting the effectiveness of NA inhibitors. Drug resistance and other drawbacks have prompted the search for the next-generation NA-targeting therapeutics. One of the promising approaches is the identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved NA epitopes. Anti-NA mAbs demonstrate Fab-based antiviral activity supplemented with Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Antiviral Fc-conjugates offer another cutting-edge strategy that is based on a multimodal mechanism of action. These novel antiviral agents are composed of a small-molecule NA inhibitor and an Fc-region that simultaneously engages the immune system. The significant advancements made in recent years further support the value of NA as an attractive target for the antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
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Zhuang J, Yin J, Lv S, Wang B, Mu Y. Advanced "lab-on-a-chip" to detect viruses - Current challenges and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 163:112291. [PMID: 32421630 PMCID: PMC7215165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Massive viral outbreaks draw attention to viruses that have not been thoroughly studied or understood. In recent decades, microfluidic chips, known as "lab-on-a-chip", appears as a promising tool for the detection of viruses. Here, we review the development of microfluidic chips that could be used in response to viral detection, specifically for viruses involved in more recent outbreaks. The advantages as well as the disadvantages of microfluidic systems are discussed and analyzed. We also propose ideas for future development of these microfluidic chips and we expect this advanced technology to be used in the future for viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juxin Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shaowu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Su H, Zhao Y, Zheng L, Wang S, Shi H, Liu X. Effect of the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies on evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. AMB Express 2020; 10:98. [PMID: 32462233 PMCID: PMC7253569 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus has spread worldwide, and vaccination with an inactivated virus is currently the major prevention method in China. To further understand the effect of the selection pressure from antibodies on the evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus, F/98 (A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98), which is the vaccine representative of H9N2 avian influenza virus in East China, was used for serial passaging for 20 generations in chickens with and without vaccination. After plaque purification from trachea and lung tissues, 390 quasispecies were obtained. The second-generation quasispecies under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies had undergone 100% antigen variation, while after passaging to the fifth generation, only 30-40% of the quasispecies displayed antigen variation when there was no selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, implying that the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies promotes the antigen variation of F/98. We found for the first time that there were three mutation hotspots in the HA genes of the quasispecies under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, which were K131R, A168T, and N201D. Moreover, under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, 10 amino acids (67-76) of the NA protein of all quasispecies were deleted, and PB2 of the quasispecies had undergone a high-frequency R355K mutation. However, without selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, NP had undergone two high-frequency mutations, namely, V186I and L466I, and a high-frequency mutation of L77I appeared in the NS gene. This result shows that the vaccine antibody selection pressure could control and regulate gene variation of the F/98 virus. Compared to that of the parental virus F/98, the EID50 of the twentieth passaged virus under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies did not change, while the EID50 of the twentieth passaged virus without selection pressure of vaccine antibodies was significantly enhanced by 794 times. Furthermore, the twentieth passaged virus with selection pressure from vaccine antibodies lost its lethal ability in embryonated chicken eggs, whereas the EID50 of the twentieth passaged virus without selection pressure of vaccine antibodies increased to 6.3 times that of the F/98 strain. All the above results show that the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies promotes the antigen variation of H9N2 avian influenza virus and plays a role in regulating and controlling gene mutation of H9N2 avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880 USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
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Kyaw Win SM, Saito R, Win NC, Lasham DJ, Kyaw Y, Lin N, Thein KN, Chon I, Odagiri T, Thein W, Kyaw LL, Tin OS, Saitoh A, Tamura T, Hirokawa C, Uchida Y, Saito T, Watanabe S, Odagiri T, Kamata K, Osada H, Dapat C, Watanabe H, Tin HH. Epidemic of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 analyzed by full genome sequences and the first case of oseltamivir-resistant strain in Myanmar 2017. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229601. [PMID: 32130243 PMCID: PMC7055873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A community outbreak of human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains was observed in Myanmar in 2017. We investigated the circulation patterns, antigenicity, and drug resistance of 2017 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from Myanmar and characterized the full genome of influenza virus strains in Myanmar from in-patients and out-patients to assess the pathogenicity of the viruses. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from out-patients and in-patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Yangon and Pyinmana City in Myanmar during January-December 2017. A total of 215 out-patients and 18 in-patients infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 were detected by virus isolation and real-time RT-PCR. Among the positive patients, 90.6% were less than 14 years old. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Myanmar were similar to the recommended Japanese influenza vaccine strain for 2017-2018 seasons (A/Singapore/GP1908/2015) and WHO recommended 2017 southern hemisphere vaccine component (A/Michigan/45/2015). Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin sequence showed that the Myanmar strains belonged to the genetic subclade 6B.1, possessing mutations of S162N and S164T at potential antigenic sites. However, the amino acid mutation at position 222, which may enhance the severity of disease and mortality, was not found. One case with no prior history of oseltamivir treatment possessed H275Y mutated virus in neuraminidase (NA), which confers resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir with elevated IC50 values. The full genome sequence of Myanmar strains showed no difference between samples from in-patients and out-patients, suggesting no additional viral mutations associated with patient severity. Several amino acid changes were observed in PB2, PB1, and M2 of Myanmar strains when compared to the vaccine strain and other Asian strains. However, no mutations associated with pathogenicity were found in the Myanmar strains, suggesting that viral factors cannot explain the underlying reasons of the massive outbreak in Myanmar. This study reported the first detection of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus in Myanmar, highlighting the importance of continuous antiviral monitoring and genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Antigens, Viral
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics
- Epidemics
- Female
- Genome, Viral
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Myanmar/epidemiology
- Oseltamivir/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Reiko Saito
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Di Ja Lasham
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Nay Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology Section, Pyinmana General Hospital, Pyinmana Township, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Khin Nyo Thein
- Pediatric Ward 1, Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious diseases and Immunology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Win Thein
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Latt Latt Kyaw
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Ommar Swe Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamura
- Division of Virology, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chika Hirokawa
- Division of Virology, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamata
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
- Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Osada
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
- Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
- Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
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Yoshihara K, Minh LN, Okada T, Toizumi M, Nguyen HA, Vo HM, Hashizume M, Dang DA, Kimura H, Yoshida LM. Evolutionary dynamics of influenza B strains detected from paediatric acute respiratory infections in central Vietnam. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104264. [PMID: 32105864 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus B belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae with segmented negative-sense RNA genomes. Since 1970s, influenza B has diverged intoVictoria and Yamagata, which differs in antigenic and evolutionary characteristics. Yet, molecular-epidemiological information of influenza B from developing nations is limited. In central Vietnam, influenza A subtype-specific circulation pattern and clinical characteristics were previously described. However, molecular evolutionary characteristics of influenza B has not been discussed to date. We utilized the influenza B positives obtained from paediatric ARI surveillance during 2007-2013. Influenza B HA and NA genes were amplified, sequenced, and phylogenetic/molecular evolutionary analysis was performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian MCMC. Phylodynamics analysis was performed with Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP). Furthermore, we performed selection pressure analysis and estimated N-glycosylation sites. In the current study, overall positive rate for influenza B was 3.0%, and Victoria lineage immediately became predominant in post-A/H1N1pdm09 period. The noticeable shift in Victoria lineage WHO Group occurred. With respect to the evolutionary rate (substitutions/site/year), Victoria lineage HA gene was evolving faster than Yamagata lineage (2.43 × 10-3 vs 2.00 × 10-3). Furthermore, the evolutionary rate of Victoria Group 5 was greater than Group 1. BSP presented the rapid growth in Effective Population Size (EPS) of Victoria lineage occurred soon after the 1st A/H1N1pdm09 case was detected whereas the EPS of Yamagata lineage was stable for both genes. N-glycosylation pattern between lineages and among WHO Groups were slightly different, and HA gene had a total of 6 amino acid substitutions under positive section pressure (4 for Victoria and 2 for Yamagata). The current results highlight the importance of Victoria lineage in post-A/H1N1pdm09 period. Difference in evolutionary characteristics and phylodynamics may indicate lineage and WHO Group-specific evolutionary dynamics. It is necessary to further continue the molecular-epidemiological surveillance in local setting to gain a better understanding of local evolutionary characteristics of influenza B strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshihara
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Le Nhat Minh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Michiko Toizumi
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hien Anh Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Hien Minh Vo
- Department of Paediatrics, Khanh Hoa General Hospital, Nha Trang 650000, Viet Nam
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Duc Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Lay-Myint Yoshida
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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11
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Opanda S, Bulimo W, Gachara G, Ekuttan C, Amukoye E. Assessing antigenic drift and phylogeny of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus in Kenya using HA1 sub-unit of the hemagglutinin gene. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228029. [PMID: 32045419 PMCID: PMC7012450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus emerged in North America in 2009 and has been established as a seasonal strain in humans. After an antigenic stasis of about six years, new antigenically distinct variants of the virus emerged globally in 2016 necessitating a change in the vaccine formulation for the first time in 2017. Herein, we analyzed thirty-eight HA sequences of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 strains isolated in Kenya during 2015-2018 seasons, to evaluate their antigenic and molecular properties based on the HA1 sub-unit. Our analyses revealed that the A (H1N1) pdm09 strains that circulated in Kenya during this period belonged to genetic clade 6B, subclade 6B.1 and 6B.2. The Kenyan 2015 and 2016 isolates differed from the vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 at nine and fourteen antigenic sites in the HA1 respectively. Further, those isolated in 2017 and 2018 correspondingly varied from A/Michigan/45/2015 vaccine strain at three and fifteen antigenic sites. The predicted vaccine efficacy of A/California/07/2009 against Kenyan 2015/2016 was estimated to be 32.4% while A/Michigan/45/2015 showed estimated vaccine efficacies of 39.6% - 41.8% and 32.4% - 42.1% against Kenyan 2017 and 2018 strains, respectively. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay using ferret post-infection reference antiserum showed that the titers for the Kenyan 2015/2016 isolates were 2-8-fold lower compared to the vaccine strain. Overall, our results suggest the A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses that circulated in Kenya during 2015/2016 influenza seasons were antigenic variants of the recommended vaccine strains, denoting sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. Additionally, data generated point to a swiftly evolving influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus in recent post pandemic era, underscoring the need for sustained surveillance coupled with molecular and antigenic analyses, to inform appropriate and timely influenza vaccine update.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvanos Opanda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate–Africa (USAMRD-A), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wallace Bulimo
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate–Africa (USAMRD-A), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi (UoN), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Gachara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kenyatta University (KU), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christopher Ekuttan
- Defense Forces Memorial Hospital, Kenya Defense Forces (KDF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans Amukoye
- Center for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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12
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Piepenbrink MS, Nogales A, Basu M, Fucile CF, Liesveld JL, Keefer MC, Rosenberg AF, Martinez-Sobrido L, Kobie JJ. Broad and Protective Influenza B Virus Neuraminidase Antibodies in Humans after Vaccination and their Clonal Persistence as Plasma Cells. mBio 2019; 10:e00066-19. [PMID: 30862743 PMCID: PMC6414695 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00066-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) contain neuraminidase (NA), the extent and mechanisms of action of protective human NA-specific humoral responses induced by vaccination are poorly resolved. Due to the propensity of influenza virus for antigenic drift and shift and its tendency to elicit predominantly strain-specific antibodies, humanity remains susceptible to waves of new strains of seasonal viruses and is at risk from viruses with pandemic potential for which limited or no immunity may exist. Here we demonstrate that the use of IIV results in increased levels of influenza B virus (IBV) NA-specific serum antibodies. Detailed analysis of the IBV NA B cell response indicates concurrent expansion of IBV NA-specific peripheral blood plasmablasts 7 days after IIV immunization which express monoclonal antibodies with broad and potent antiviral activity against both IBV Victoria and Yamagata lineages and prophylactic and therapeutic activity in mice. These IBV NA-specific B cell clonal lineages persisted in CD138+ long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. These results represent the first demonstration that IIV-induced NA human antibodies can protect and treat influenza virus infection in vivo and suggest that IIV can induce a subset of IBV NA-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a feature that warrants further study for universal influenza vaccine development.IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infections continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality despite the availability of seasonal vaccines. The extensive genetic variability in seasonal and potentially pandemic influenza strains necessitates new vaccine strategies that can induce universal protection by focusing the immune response on generating protective antibodies against conserved targets such as regions within the influenza neuraminidase protein. We have demonstrated that seasonal immunization stimulates neuraminidase-specific antibodies in humans that are broad and potent in their protection from influenza B virus when tested in mice. These antibodies further persist in the bone marrow, where they are expressed by long-lived antibody-producing cells, referred to here as plasma cells. The significance in our research is the demonstration that seasonal influenza immunization can induce a subset of neuraminidase-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a process that if further studied and enhanced could aid in the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Madhubanti Basu
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - James J Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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13
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Genetic evidence for the intercontinental movement of avian influenza viruses possessing North American-origin nonstructural gene allele B into South Korea. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:18-25. [PMID: 30196122 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are genetically separated by geographical barriers, resulting in the independent evolution of North American and Eurasian lineages. In the present study, to determine whether AIVs possessing the North American-origin nonstructural (NS) gene were previously introduced into South Korea, we performed a genetic analysis of AIVs isolated from fecal samples of migratory birds. We detected seven viruses possessing the North American-origin NS allele B among 413 AIV-positive samples obtained during AI surveillance between 2012 and 2017. We found evidence for the intercontinental transmission of at least three genetically distinct clusters of the B allele of the North American-origin NS gene into Eurasia at a low frequency. The host species of three viruses were identified as the greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) using a DNA barcoding technique. Moreover, we used GPS-CDMA-based telemetry to determine the migration route of the greater white-fronted goose between the Far East of Russia and South Korea and found that this species may play an important role as an intermediate vector in the intercontinental transmission of AIVs. To improve our understanding of the role of wild birds in the ecology of AIVs, advanced AIV surveillance is required in the Far East of Russia as well as in Alaska region of Beringia accompanied by host identification and wild bird tracking.
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14
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Sankar S, Ramamurthy M, Suganya S, Nandagopal B, Sridharan G. Design of peptide epitope from the neuraminidase protein of influenza A and influenza B towards short peptide vaccine development. Bioinformation 2018; 14:183-189. [PMID: 30108413 PMCID: PMC6077822 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses A and B are important human respiratory pathogens causing seasonal, endemic and pandemic infections in several parts of the globe with high morbidity and considerable mortality. The current inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are not effective. Therefore, it is of interest to design universal influenza virus vaccines with high efficacy. The peptide GQSVVSVKLAGNSSL of pandemic influenza, the peptide DKTSVTLAGNSSLCS of seasonal influenza and the peptide DILLKFSPTEITAPT of influenza B were identified as potential linear cell mediated epitopes. The epitopes predicted by BepiPred (B-cell epitope designer) program was subjected to docking experiment-using HexDock and CABS dock programs. The epitopes of pandemic H1N1 influenza A gave similar score of high affinity in docking. The epitope DKTSVTLAGNSSLCS of seasonal influenza A and epitope DILLKFSPTEITAPT of influenza B had high binding energy. It is further observed that the peptides GQSVVSVKLAGNSSL (pandemic influenza), DKTSVTLAGNSSLCS (seasonal influenza) DILLKFSPTEITAPT (influenza B) are found to interact with some known MHC class II alleles. These peptides have high-affinity binding with known MHC class II alleles. Thus, they have the potential to elicit cell immune response. These vaccines have to be further evaluated in animal models and human volunteers. These findings have application in the development of peptide B-cell epitope vaccines against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sankar
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mageshbabu Ramamurthy
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Suganya
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalan Sridharan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Tandel K, Sharma S, Dash PK, Parida M. Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus associated with high case fatality, India 2015. J Med Virol 2018; 90:836-843. [PMID: 29288584 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses has been associated with severe global pandemics of high morbidity and mortality with devastating impact on human health and global economy. India witnessed a major outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2015. This study comprises detailed investigation of cases died of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection during explosive outbreak of 2015, in central part of India. To find out presence of drug resistant virus among patients who died of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection and to find out presence of other mutations contributing to the morbidity and mortality. Twenty-two patients having confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and subsequently died of this infection along with 20 non fatal cases with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection were included in the study. Samples were investigated through RT-PCR/RFLP analysis, followed by nucleotide cycle sequencing of whole NA gene for detection of H275Y amino acid substitution in NA gene responsible for oseltamivir drug resistance. Out of 22 fatal cases, 6 (27.27%) were found to harbor oseltamivir resistant virus strains, whereas the H275Y mutation was not observed among the 20 non fatal cases. Amino acid substitution analysis of complete NA gene revealed V241I, N369K, N386K substitution in all strains playing synergistic role in oseltamivir drug resistance. High morbidity and mortality associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses can be explained by presence of drug resistant strains circulating in this outbreak. Presence of Oseltamivir resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses is a cause of great concern and warrants continuous screening for the circulation of drug resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Tandel
- Division of Virology, Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Shashi Sharma
- Division of Virology, Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Paban Kumar Dash
- Division of Virology, Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, MP, India
| | - ManMohan Parida
- Division of Virology, Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, MP, India
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16
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Tewawong N, Marathe BM, Poovorawan Y, Vongpunsawad S, Webby RJ, Govorkova EA. Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility and neuraminidase enzyme kinetics of human influenza A and B viruses circulating in Thailand in 2010-2015. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190877. [PMID: 29324781 PMCID: PMC5764337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions within or near the active site of the viral neuraminidase (NA) may affect influenza virus fitness. In influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses circulating in Thailand between 2010 and 2015, we identified several NA substitutions that were previously reported to be associated with reduced inhibition by NA inhibitors (NAIs). To study the effect of these substitutions on the enzymatic properties of NA and on virus characteristics, we generated recombinant influenza viruses possessing either a wild type (WT) NA or an NA with a single I222V, S331G, or S331R substitution [in influenza A(H3N2) viruses] or a single D342S, A395T, A395V, or A395D NA substitution (in influenza B viruses). We generated recombinant (7:1) influenza A and B viruses on the genetic background of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR/8, H1N1) or B/Yamanashi/166/1998 (B/YAM) viruses, respectively. In contrast to the expected phenotypes, all the recombinant influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses carrying putative NA resistance substitutions were susceptible to NAIs. The Km and Vmax for the NAs of A/PR8-S331G and A/PR8-S331R viruses were higher than for the NA of WT virus, and the corresponding values for the B/YAM-D342S virus were lower than for the NA of WT virus. Although there was initial variation in the kinetics of influenza A and B viruses' replication in MDCK cells, their titers were comparable to each other and to WT viruses at later time points. All introduced substitutions were stable except for B/YAM-D342S and B/YAM-A395V which reverted to WT sequences after three passages. Our data suggest that inferring susceptibility to NAIs based on sequence information alone should be cautioned. The impact of NA substitution on NAI resistance, viral growth, and enzymatic properties is viral context dependent and should be empirically determined.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Dogs
- Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme Stability/genetics
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/enzymology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/enzymology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza A virus/enzymology
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Betainfluenzavirus/drug effects
- Betainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Betainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Betainfluenzavirus/physiology
- Kinetics
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Thailand
- Viral Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Virus Replication/genetics
- Virus Replication/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Tewawong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bindumadhav M. Marathe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sompong Vongpunsawad
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elena A. Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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17
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Characterization of the neuraminidase genes from human influenza A viruses circulating in Iran from 2010 to 2015. Arch Virol 2017; 163:391-400. [PMID: 29086107 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of influenza viruses is critical for detection of new emerging variants. Herein, we analyzed the genetic diversity and drug susceptibility of the neuraminidase gene (NAs) expressed by influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Iran from 2010 to 2015. METHODS We genetically analyzed the NAs of 38 influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and 35 A/H3N2 isolates. RESULTS The Iranian A/H1N1pdm09 viruses belonged to seven genogroups/subgenogroups, with the dominant groups being genogroups 6B and 6C. The A/H3N2 isolates fell into six gneogroups/subgenogroups, with the dominant genogroups being 3C and 3C.2a. The most common mutations detected among the A/H1N1pdm09 viruses included N44S, V106I, N200S, and N248D. All H1N1pdm09 viruses were genetically susceptible to the NAIs. However, one A/H1N1pdm09 virus from the 2013-2014 season possessed an NA-S247N mutation, which reduces the susceptibility to oseltamivir. In case of H3N2, none of the analyzed Iranian strains carried a substitution that might affect its susceptibility to NAIs. CONCLUSION The ongoing evolution of influenza viruses and the detect of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to NAIs warrants continuous monitoring of the circulating strains.
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