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Wang Y, Morisseau C, Takamura A, Wan D, Li D, Sidoli S, Yang J, Wolan DW, Hammock BD, Kitamura S. PROTAC-Mediated Selective Degradation of Cytosolic Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Enhances ER Stress Reduction. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:884-896. [PMID: 36947831 PMCID: PMC10586715 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for lipid metabolism and is a promising drug target. Here, we report the first-in-class PROTAC small-molecule degraders of sEH. Our optimized PROTAC selectively targets the degradation of cytosolic but not peroxisomal sEH, resulting in exquisite spatiotemporal control. Remarkably, our sEH PROTAC molecule has higher potency in cellular assays compared to the parent sEH inhibitor as measured by the significantly reduced ER stress. Interestingly, our mechanistic data indicate that our PROTAC directs the degradation of cytosolic sEH via the lysosome, not through the proteasome. The molecules presented here are useful chemical probes to study the biology of sEH with the potential for therapeutic development. Broadly, our results represent a proof of concept for the superior cellular potency of sEH degradation over sEH enzymatic inhibition, as well as subcellular compartment-selective modulation of a protein by PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Akihiro Takamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Dennis W. Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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2
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Wang W, Wang Y, Yang J, Wagner KM, Hwang SH, Cheng J, Singh N, Edwards P, Morisseau C, Zhang G, Panigrahy D, Hammock BD. Aflatoxin B 1 exposure disrupts the intestinal immune function via a soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated manner. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114417. [PMID: 36525946 PMCID: PMC9879385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in food and feed leads to severe global health problems. Acting as the frontier immunological barrier, the intestinal mucosa is constantly challenged by exposure to foodborne toxins such as AFB1 via contaminated diets, but the detailed toxic mechanism and endogenous regulators of AFB1 toxicity are still unclear. Here, we showed that AFB1 disrupted intestinal immune function by suppressing macrophages, especially M2 macrophages, and antimicrobial peptide-secreting Paneth cells. Using an oxylipinomics approach, we identified that AFB1 immunotoxicity is associated with decreased epoxy fatty acids, notably epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and increased soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) levels in the intestine. Furthermore, sEH deficiency or inhibition rescued the AFB1-compromised intestinal immunity by restoring M2 macrophages as well as Paneth cells and their-derived lysozyme and α-defensin-3 in mice. Altogether, our study demonstrates that AFB1 exposure impairs intestinal immunity, at least in part, in a sEH-mediated way. Moreover, the present study supports the potential application of pharmacological intervention by inhibiting the sEH enzyme in alleviating intestinal immunotoxicity and associated complications caused by AFB1 global contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Cheng
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nalin Singh
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Edwards
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Dang J, Du S, Wang L. Screening and Identification of Novel Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Corn Gluten Peptides. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223695. [PMID: 36429288 PMCID: PMC9689838 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory properties of corn gluten peptides. In total, 400 dipeptides and 8000 tripeptides were first virtually screened by molecular docking and 30 potential sEH inhibitory peptides were selected. Among them, WEY, WWY, WYW, YFW, and YFY showed the highest sEH inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 55.41 ± 1.55, 68.80 ± 7.72, 70.66 ± 9.90, 96.00 ± 7.5, and 94.06 ± 12.86 μM, respectively. These five peptides all behaved as mixed-type inhibitors and were predicted to form hydrogen bond interactions mainly with Asp333, a key residue located in the catalytic active site of sEH. Moreover, it was found that the corn gluten hydrolysates of Alcalase, Flavourzyme, pepsin and pancreatin all exhibited high sEH inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 1.07 ± 0.08, 1.19 ± 0.24, and 1.46 ± 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the sEH inhibitory peptides WYW, YFW, and YFY were successfully identified from the corn gluten hydrolysates by Alcalase using nano-LC-MS/MS. This study demonstrated the sEH inhibitory capacity of peptides for the first time and corn gluten might be a promising food protein source for discovering novel natural sEH inhibitory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuangkui Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Liying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-87880246
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4
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Ulu A, Velazquez JV, Burr A, Sveiven SN, Yang J, Bravo C, Hammock BD, Nordgren TM. Sex-Specific Differences in Resolution of Airway Inflammation in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Following Repetitive Agricultural Dust Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785193. [PMID: 35095496 PMCID: PMC8793679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture industries, workers are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases due to inhalation of agricultural dusts, particularly when working in enclosed confinement facilities. Agricultural dusts inhalation leads to unresolved airway inflammation that precedes the development and progression of lung disease. We have previously shown beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) DHA in protecting against the negative inflammatory effects of repetitive dust exposure in the lung. Dietary manipulation of pulmonary disease risk is an attractive and timely approach given the contribution of an increased ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio to low grade inflammation and chronic disease in the Western diet. To prevent any confounding factors that comes with dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFA (different sources, purity, dose, and duration), we employed a Fat-1 transgenic mouse model that convert ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA, leading to a tissue ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio of approximately 1:1. Building on our initial findings, we hypothesized that attaining elevated tissue levels of ω-3 PUFA would attenuate agricultural dust-induced lung inflammation and its resolution. To test this hypothesis, we compared wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 transgenic mice in their response to aqueous extracts of agricultural dust (DE). We also used a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEH) to potentiate the effects of ω-3 PUFA, since sEH inhibitors have been shown to stabilize the anti-inflammatory P450 metabolites derived from both ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and promote generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from ω-3 PUFA. Over a three-week period, mice were exposed to a total of 15 intranasal instillations of DE obtained from swine confinement buildings in the Midwest. We observed genotype and sex-specific differences between the WT vs. Fat-1 transgenic mice in response to repetitive dust exposure, where three-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of treatment, genotype, and sex. Also, Fat-1 transgenic mice displayed reduced lymphoid aggregates in the lung following DE exposure as compared to WT animals exposed to DE, suggesting improved resilience to the DE-induced inflammatory effects. Overall, our data implicate a protective role of ω-3 FA in the lung following repetitive dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Le HTN, Van Roy E, Dendooven E, Peeters L, Theunis M, Foubert K, Pieters L, Tuenter E. Alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii (Maca), structural revision of macaridine and UPLC-MS/MS feature-based molecular networking. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112863. [PMID: 34242970 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii Walp., known as Peruvian ginseng, is widely used in ethnomedicine. To date, L. meyenii is cultivated worldwide at high-altitude and is commonly used as a food supplement. However, its medicinal value is still controversial and its mechanism of action remains unknown, due to limited knowledge about the phytochemical constituents of this plant species. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach comprising conventional NMR- and HRMS-based structure elucidation, quantum mechanical calculation of NMR chemical shifts and UPLC-MS/MS feature-based molecular networking was applied to analyse the phytochemical profile of L. meyenii. In the current work, three previously undescribed imidazole alkaloids were identified using extensive spectroscopic techniques (HRMS, NMR), for which the names lepidiline E, F and G were adopted. In addition, two amidine alkaloids were reported, representing an undescribed class of alkaloids in L. meyenii, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, a well-known β-carboline alkaloid, was also isolated from L. meyenii for the first time. Molecular networks of imidazole, amidine and β-carboline alkaloids in L. meyenii were constructed by the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web platform, resulting in the tentative identification of three undescribed analogues. In addition, the structure of a previously reported compound named 'macaridine' was revised as macapyrrolin C based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and comprehensive comparison of NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien T N Le
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Elias Van Roy
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ella Dendooven
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Peeters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mart Theunis
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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6
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Sun CP, Zhang XY, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Zhang ZJ, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Chemical Synthesis and Natural Products. J Med Chem 2020; 64:184-215. [PMID: 33369424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein and widely distributed in numerous organs including the liver, kidney, and brain. The inhibition of sEH can effectively maintain endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and reduce dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) levels, resulting in therapeutic potentials for cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, the development of sEH inhibitors is a hot research topic. A variety of potent sEH inhibitors have been developed by chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources. In this review, we mainly summarized the interconnected aspects of sEH with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases and then focus on representative inhibitors, which would provide some useful guidance for the future development of potential sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
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7
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Singh N, Barnych B, Morisseau C, Wagner KM, Wan D, Takeshita A, Pham H, Xu T, Dandekar A, Liu JY, Hammock BD. N-Benzyl-linoleamide, a Constituent of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), Is an Orally Bioavailable Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor That Alleviates Inflammatory Pain. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3689-3697. [PMID: 33320645 PMCID: PMC7888481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (maca), a plant indigenous to the Peruvian Andes, recently has been utilized globally for claimed health or recreational benefits. The search for natural products that inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with therapeutically relevant potencies and concentrations, led to the present study on bioactive amide secondary metabolites found in L. meyenii, the macamides. Based on known and suspected macamides, 19 possible macamides were synthesized and characterized. The majority of these amides displayed excellent inhibitory potency (IC50 ≈ 20-300 nM) toward the recombinant mouse, rat, and human sEH. Quantitative analysis of commercial maca products revealed that certain products contain known macamides (1-5, 8-12) at therapeutically relevant total concentrations (≥3.29 mg/g of root), while the inhibitory potency of L. meyenii extracts directly correlates with the sum of concentration/IC50 ratios of macamides present. Considering both its in vitro efficacy and high abundance in commercial products, N-benzyl-linoleamide (4) was identified as a particularly relevant macamide that can be utilized for in vivo studies. Following oral administration in the rat, compound 4 not only displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics but effectively reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain. Inhibition of sEH by macamides provides a plausible biological mechanism of action to account for several beneficial effects previously observed with L. meyenii treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Singh
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ashley Takeshita
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Hoang Pham
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
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Imig JD, Jankiewicz WK, Khan AH. Epoxy Fatty Acids: From Salt Regulation to Kidney and Cardiovascular Therapeutics: 2019 Lewis K. Dahl Memorial Lecture. Hypertension 2020; 76:3-15. [PMID: 32475311 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are epoxy fatty acids that have biological actions that are essential for maintaining water and electrolyte homeostasis. An inability to increase EETs in response to a high-salt diet results in salt-sensitive hypertension. Vasodilation, inhibition of epithelial sodium channel, and inhibition of inflammation are the major EET actions that are beneficial to the heart, resistance arteries, and kidneys. Genetic and pharmacological means to elevate EETs demonstrated antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and organ protective actions. Therapeutic approaches to increase EETs were then developed for cardiovascular diseases. sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase) inhibitors were developed and progressed to clinical trials for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases. EET analogs were another therapeutic approach taken and these drugs are entering the early phases of clinical development. Even with the promise for these therapeutic approaches, there are still several challenges, unexplored areas, and opportunities for epoxy fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Wojciech K Jankiewicz
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Abdul H Khan
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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9
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Abstract
Therapeutics for arachidonic acid pathways began with the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). The enzymatic pathways and arachidonic acid metabolites and respective receptors have been successfully targeted and therapeutics developed for pain, inflammation, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. These drugs target the COX and lipoxygenase pathways but not the third branch for arachidonic acid metabolism, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. Small molecule compounds targeting enzymes and CYP epoxy-fatty acid metabolites have evolved rapidly over the last two decades. These therapeutics have primarily focused on inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) or agonist mimetics for epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET). Based on preclinical animal model studies and human studies, major therapeutic indications for these sEH inhibitors and EET mimics/analogs are renal and cardiovascular diseases. Novel small molecules that inhibit sEH have advanced to human clinical trials and demonstrate promise for cardiovascular diseases. Challenges remain for sEH inhibitor and EET analog drug development; however, there is a high likelihood that a drug that acts on this third branch of arachidonic acid metabolism will be utilized to treat a cardiovascular or kidney disease in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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10
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Burmistrov V, Morisseau C, Pitushkin D, Karlov D, Fayzullin RR, Butov GM, Hammock BD. Adamantyl thioureas as soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2302-2313. [PMID: 29803731 PMCID: PMC6442743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) containing one or two thiourea groups has been developed. Inhibition potency of the described compounds ranges from 50 μM to 7.2 nM. 1,7-(Heptamethylene)bis[(adamant-1-yl)thiourea] (6f) was found to be the most potent sEH inhibitor, among the thioureas tested. The inhibitory activity of the thioureas against the human sEH is closer to the value of activity against rat sEH rather than murine sEH. While being less active, thioureas are up to 7-fold more soluble than ureas, which makes them more bioavailable and thus promising as sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Burmistrov
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dmitry Pitushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Dmitry Karlov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143026, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Gennady M Butov
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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