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Knudsen LA, Zachariassen LS, Strube ML, Havelund JF, Pilecki B, Nexoe AB, Møller FT, Sørensen SB, Marcussen N, Faergeman NJ, Franke A, Bang C, Holmskov U, Hansen AK, Andersen V. Assessment of the Inflammatory Effects of Gut Microbiota from Human Twins Discordant for Ulcerative Colitis on Germ-free Mice. Comp Med 2024; 74:55-69. [PMID: 38508697 PMCID: PMC11078274 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in gut microbiota are prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC). However, whether these disturbances contribute to development of the disease or are a result of the disease is unclear. In pairs of human twins discordant for IBD, the healthy twin has a higher risk of developing IBD and a gut microbiota that is more similar to that of IBD patients as compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, appropriate medical treatment may mitigate these disturbances. To study the correlation between microbiota and IBD, we transferred stool samples from a discordant human twin pair: one twin being healthy and the other receiving treatment for UC. The stool samples were transferred from the disease-discordant twins to germ-free pregnant dams. Colitis was induced in the offspring using dextran sodium sulfate. As compared with offspring born to mice dams inoculated with stool from the healthy cotwin, offspring born to dams inoculated with stool from the UC-afflicted twin had a lower disease activity index, less gut inflammation, and a microbiota characterized by higher α diversity and a more antiinflammatory profile that included the presence and higher abundance of antiinflammatory species such as Akkermansia spp., Bacteroides spp., and Parabacteroides spp. These findings suggest that the microbiota from the healthy twin may have had greater inflammatory properties than did that of the twin undergoing UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Knudsen
- Medical Department, Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark; IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University of South- ern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Sf Zachariassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikael L Strube
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Havelund
- VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bartosz Pilecki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders B Nexoe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frederik T Møller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe B Sørensen
- Medical Department, Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nils J Faergeman
- VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;,
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Medical Department, Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark; IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Kihl P, Krych L, Deng L, Hansen LH, Buschard K, Skov S, Nielsen DS, Kornerup Hansen A. Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266719. [PMID: 35417506 PMCID: PMC9007335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a gluten-free diet and/or antibiotics on tetanus vaccine induced immunoglobulin G titers and immune cell levels in BALB/c mice. The gluten-free diet was associated with a reduced anti-tetanus IgG response, and it increased the relative abundance of the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium significantly in some of the mice. Antibiotics also led to gut microbiota changes and lower initial vaccine titer. After a second vaccination, neither gluten-free diet nor antibiotics reduced the titers. In the spleen, the gluten-free diet significantly increased regulatory T cell (Treg) fractions, CD4+ T cell activation, and tolerogenic dendritic cell fractions and activation, which extend the downregulating effect of the Treg. Therefore, the systemic effect of the gluten-free diet seems mainly tolerogenic. Antibiotics reduced the fractions of CD4+ T and B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggest that vaccine response in mice is under influence of their diet, the gut microbiota and the interplay between them. However, a gluten-free diet seems to work through mechanisms different from those induced by antibiotics. Therefore, diet should be considered when testing vaccines in mice and developing vaccines for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Kihl
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Skov
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Lindenberg FC, Lützhøft DO, Krych L, Fielden J, Kot W, Frøkiær H, van Galen G, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK. An Oligosaccharide Rich Diet Increases Akkermansia spp. Bacteria in the Equine Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666039. [PMID: 34093482 PMCID: PMC8176217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some oligosaccharides induce growth of anti-inflammatory bacterial species and induce regulatory immunity in humans as well as animals. We have shown that the equine gut microbiota and the immune-microbial homeostasis largely stabilize within the first 50 days of life. Furthermore, we have previously established that certain bacterial species in the equine gut correlated with regulatory immunity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that an oligosaccharide rich diet fed to foals during the first 50 days would increase the abundance of bacterial species associated with regulatory immunity, and that this would influence immune responses in the foals. Eight pregnant mares and their foals were fed an oligosaccharide rich diet from 4 weeks before expected parturition until 49 days post-partum. Six mares and foals served as control. Fecal microbiota from mares and foals was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high throughput sequencing. On Day 49 the test foals had significantly higher abundances of Akkermansia spp. Blood sampled from the foals in the test group on Day 7, 28, and 49 showed non-significant increases in IgA, and decreases in IgG on Day 49. In BALB/cBomTac mice inoculated with gut microbiota from test and control foals we found increased species richness, increased relative abundance of several species identified as potentially anti-inflammatory in horses, which were unclassified Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus, Oscilospira, and Coprococcus. We also found increased il10 expression in the ileum if inoculated with test foal microbiota. We conclude that an oligosaccharide diet fed to foals in the "window of opportunity," the first 50 days of life, increases the abundance of anti-inflammatory species in the microbiota with potentially anti-inflammatory effects on regulatory immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke Christine Lindenberg
- Brogaarden ApS, Lynge, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Olsen Lützhøft
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Witold Kot
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gaby van Galen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rasmussen TS, Mentzel CMJ, Kot W, Castro-Mejía JL, Zuffa S, Swann JR, Hansen LH, Vogensen FK, Hansen AK, Nielsen DS. Faecal virome transplantation decreases symptoms of type 2 diabetes and obesity in a murine model. Gut 2020; 69:2122-2130. [PMID: 32165408 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with gut microbiota (GM) changes. The gut viral community is predominated by bacteriophages (phages), which are viruses that attack bacteria in a host-specific manner. The antagonistic behaviour of phages has the potential to alter the GM. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the efficacy of faecal virome transplantation (FVT) from lean donors for shifting the phenotype of obese mice into closer resemblance of lean mice. DESIGN The FVT consisted of viromes with distinct profiles extracted from the caecal content of mice from different vendors that were fed a low-fat (LF) diet for 14 weeks. Male C57BL/6NTac mice were divided into five groups: LF (as diet control), high-fat (HF) diet, HF+ampicillin (Amp), HF+Amp+FVT and HF+FVT. At weeks 6 and 7 of the study, the HF+FVT and HF+Amp+FVT mice were treated with FVT by oral gavage. The Amp groups were treated with Amp 24 hours prior to first FVT treatment. RESULTS Six weeks after first FVT, the HF+FVT mice showed a significant decrease in weight gain compared with the HF group. Further, glucose tolerance was comparable between the LF and HF+FVT mice, while the other HF groups all had impaired glucose tolerance. These observations were supported by significant shifts in GM composition, blood plasma metabolome and expression levels of genes associated with obesity and T2D development. CONCLUSIONS Transfer of caecal viral communities from mice with a lean phenotype into mice with an obese phenotype led to reduced weight gain and normalised blood glucose parameters relative to lean mice. We hypothesise that this effect is mediated via FVT-induced GM changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Witold Kot
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Simone Zuffa
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Moreno-Indias I, Lundberg R, Krych L, Metzdorff SB, Kot W, Sørensen DB, Nielsen DS, Hansen CHF, Hansen AK. A Humanized Diet Profile May Facilitate Colonization and Immune Stimulation in Human Microbiota-Colonized Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1336. [PMID: 32636823 PMCID: PMC7318556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the importance of the use of gnotobiotic mice for human fecal transfer, colonization efficiency and immune stimulation after human microbiota inoculation in mice are poorly studied compared to mouse microbiota inoculation. We tested the colonization efficiency and immune responses in mice bred for one additional generation after inoculating the parent generation with either a human (HM) or a mouse microbiota (MM). Furthermore, we tested if colonization efficiency and immune stimulation could be improved in HM-colonized mice by dietary approaches: if these were fed a diet closer to the human diet either in its sources of animal fat and protein [the "animal source" (AS) diet] or in its proportions of macronutrients from the normal sources of a mouse diet [the "human profile" (HP) diet]. RESULTS Although significantly lower in mice with a human microbiota (30-40% vs. 61-70%) the colonization efficiency was significantly higher in HM mice fed the HP diet (40%), and in MM mice fed AS (70%). The microbiota of mice fed HP was comparable to the microbiota of mice fed a standard rodent chow, while the microbiota of mice fed the animal source diet (AS) clustered separately. Mice inoculated with mouse fecal matter had significantly more CD4+ T cells and Cd4 expression and significantly fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs) and FoxP3 expression than human microbiota inoculated mice, but cell proportions differences were mostly apparent between mice fed the AS diet. Mice fed the HP diet had significantly higher expression of Cd8a. CONCLUSION It is concluded that a diet with a humanized profile could support the establishment of a human microbiota in mice, which will, however, still elicit a lower colonization efficiency compared to mice inoculated with a mouse microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Randi Lundberg
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Internal Research and Development, Taconic Biosciences, Lille Skensved, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Broeng Metzdorff
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Bratbo Sørensen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Samarasinghe MB, Sehested J, Larsen T, Hernández-Castellano LE. Oral administration of lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli (serotype O111:B4) does not induce an effective systemic immune response in milk-fed Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5525-5531. [PMID: 32253037 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-cell wall components from gram-negative bacteria-induce acute inflammatory responses in dairy calves, but the effect of oral administration of LPS to dairy calves is currently unknown. To evaluate the effects of oral administration of LPS derived from Escherichia coli (serotype O111:B4) on innate immune responses in milk-fed Holstein calves, 20 visually healthy calves (34 ± 1 d) received 4 L of milk with LPS (12 μg/kg body weight; n = 10; LPS) or without LPS (n = 10; control) at the morning feeding. Samples were collected at 0.5 h before the morning feeding and at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after the morning feeding to measure rectal temperature and heart rate, as well as plasma-negative and plasma-positive acute phase proteins (i.e., haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, albumin, total protein, and fibrinogen) and immunoglobulin concentrations (IgG, IgM, and IgA). None of these measurements was affected by the oral administration of LPS. Oral administration of LPS at 12 μg/kg of body weight did not induce an acute inflammatory response in visually healthy milk-fed Holstein calves when administered in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Samarasinghe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - T Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Su R, Jin X, Lyu L, Tian J, Amin S, Li Z. The potential immunotoxicity of fine particulate matter based on SD rat spleen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23958-23966. [PMID: 31218585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Health risks have been closely related to increased exposure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in general population. Immune system is considered to be a most vulnerable target for airborne pollutants. PM2.5 could make some serious damages to the body organs by inducing immunotoxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of this study is aimed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of PM2.5-mediated immunotoxicity on spleen organ by using SD rat models. This research demonstrated that the spleen structure damage induced by PM2.5 treatment was more pronounced in winter than in summer. Mechanistically, TUNEL staining show a considerable increase in spleen apoptosis by summer and winter PM2.5 exposures compared with control. However, winter PM2.5 exposure caused more toxicity in the spleen than summer PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, our results illustrated that PM2.5 triggered oxidative stress and ERS in spleen tissues of SD rats, and lead to apoptosis via upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12. Likewise, the protein levels of LC3 were significantly increased and p62 was decreased by PM2.5 exposure, thereby activated the autophagy of spleen in SD rats in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study supported that PM2.5 mediated the immunotoxicity by the occurrence of stimulation of ERS and autophagy in SD rats. Taken together, these findings suggest PM2.5 as potential agent of immunotoxicity that needs an urgent attention. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract contains poor quality of text inside the artwork. Please do not re-use the file that we have rejected or attempt to increase its resolution and re-save. It is originally poor, therefore, increasing the resolution will not solve the quality problem. We suggest that you provide us the original format. We prefer replacement figures containing vector/editable objects rather than embedded images. Preferred file formats are eps, ai, tiff and pdf.Thanks you attention. We will provide tiff format image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liang Lyu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Lindenberg FCB, Ellekilde M, Thörn AC, Kihl P, Larsen CS, Hansen CHF, Metzdorff SB, Aalbæk B, Hansen AK. Dietary LPS traces influences disease expression of the diet-induced obese mouse. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:195-203. [PMID: 30682583 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram negative bacteria are generally present in laboratory animal chow diets in unknown amounts, which has been correlated to significant immunological differences between animals receiving diets with either low or high "naturally" occurring LPS content. LPS in the blood stream has been linked to glucose intolerance through Toll-like receptor mediated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, metabolic endotoxemia, adipose tissue inflammation. LPS uptake increases when co-administered with fat, therefore uncontrolled LPS levels in a high-fat diet may increase variation in development of disease when high-fat diets are used to induce obesity and type 2 diabetes. Three experiments were conducted, in which C57BL/6NTac mice received high-fat (60%) or low fat (10%) diets with or without LPS for 8 or 20 weeks investigating the short and long term effects. Three different doses of LPS were used to investigate dosage effect, and ampicillin to isolate the effect of dietary LPS. Dietary LPS increased LPS levels in the blood stream, and affected the level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), a key parameter in this model, in a dose dependant manner (p < 0.05). There was a strong tendency toward slower glucose uptake in the LPS supplemented groups once obesity was established, but the differences disappeared after 20 weeks. A high-fat diet slightly increased serum LPS and altered ileal expression of il10 and tnfa (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LPS seems to affect the glucose metabolism in a time-dose dependant manner, and uncontrolled variation in LPS levels of a diet may therefore increase inter-study variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke C B Lindenberg
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Brogaarden Diets Ltd., DK-3540 Lynge, Denmark.
| | - Merete Ellekilde
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anna C Thörn
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Kihl
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian S Larsen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Camilla H F Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stine B Metzdorff
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bent Aalbæk
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Zakariassen HL, Bendtsen KM, Tougaard P, Hansen AK. Reduced early life mucosal integrity decreases thymic cell counts and increases local, but not thymic regulatory, T cell recruitment: Gut mucosal integrity breach and thymic T cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218823466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life immune gut microbiota contact is critical for regulatory T cell–mediated oral tolerance induction. We induced a mucosal integrity breach with low dextran sulfate sodium dose right after weaning in BALB/c mice along with a standard high dose to study the impact of increased gut microbiota lymphatic tissue contact on the thymus. Both doses increased gut permeability, which caused a short-term generalized thymic involution and regulatory T cell induction in the mesenteric lymph nodes, even in the absence of clinically apparent inflammation in the low-dose group. The thymic regulatory T cells resisted thymic involution. In the low-dose group, we found acutely altered gut mobilization patterns characterized by changed gut-homing marker CD103 expression on mesenteric lymph node CD4+ T cells as well as on mature CD8+ T cells and developing CD4−/CD8− thymocytes. Furthermore, CD218a (IL-18-receptor-a) expression was acutely decreased on both mature CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells, while increased on the mesenteric lymph node CD8+ T cells, indicating a direct link between the thymus and the mesenteric lymph nodes with CD218a in a functional role in thymic involution. Acute and non-persisting regulatory responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes were induced in the form of a relative regulatory T cell increase. We saw no changes in total thymic regulatory T cells and thus the thymus does not seem to play a major role of in the regulatory immunity induced by increased gut microbiota lymphatic tissue contact around weaning, which in our study primarily was located to the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Louise Zakariassen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Katja Maria Bendtsen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Tougaard
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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10
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Kihl P, Krych L, Deng L, Kildemoes AO, Laigaard A, Hansen LH, Hansen CHF, Buschard K, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK. Oral LPS Dosing Induces Local Immunological Changes in the Pancreatic Lymph Nodes in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:1649279. [PMID: 30956991 PMCID: PMC6431374 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1649279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacking the initial contact between the immune system and microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), early in life, may be regarded as one of the causal factors of the increasing global increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previously, a reduced incidence of T1D accompanied by dramatically increased abundances of both the mucin-metabolising bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, and LPS-carrying Proteobacteria was observed, when vancomycin was given to pups of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. While the T1D incidence reducing effect of A. muciniphila has been shown in further studies, little is known as to whether the increased abundance of LPS-carrying bacteria also has a protective effect. Therefore, we fed NOD pups with Eschericia coli LPS orally from birth to weaning, which decreased the gene expressions of TNFα, IL-10, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and FoxP3 in the pancreatic lymph nodes, while the same gene expression profile in the spleen was unaffected. However, no significant difference in the incidence of T1D, gut microbiota composition, or ileum expression of the genetic markers of gut permeability, Claudin8, Occludin, Zonulin-1 (Tjp1), Claudin15, Muc1, and Muc2 were observed in relation to LPS ingestion. It is, therefore, concluded that early life oral E. coli LPS has an impact on the local immune response, which, however, did not influence T1D incidence in NOD mice later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Kihl
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anna Overgaard Kildemoes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ann Laigaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Århus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karsten Buschard
- Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Ole Måløesvej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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An Early Life Mucosal Insult Temporarily Decreases Acute Oxazolone-Induced Inflammation in Mice. Inflammation 2018; 41:1437-1447. [PMID: 29666981 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory priming of immune cells in early life may optimize the response to a subsequent inflammatory challenge later in life. To prime the immune cells in the gut in vivo through a short inflammatory insult, we administered a low dose of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to 5-weeks-old BALB/c mice in the drinking water. We hypothesized that DSS-primed mice would show decreased inflammation and difference in immunological profiling, when subjected to presensitizing and oxazolone-induced colitis by rectal instillation at 9 weeks compared to non-DSS-primed control mice. In fact, this low-dose DSS priming apparently decreased the acute inflammation, as colitis scores along with IFNγ, IL-1ß, and IL-4 were significantly decreased with the same tendency for IL-5, TNFα, and IL-2 on day 3 post-induction compared to control mice. On day 7, both DSS-primed and control mice had significantly higher numbers of FoxP3+CD8+ regulatory T cells, while they did not differ in any inflammation parameters. No significant differences were found for intraepithelial lymphocytes or mesenteric lymphocytes at any time point after colitis induction. In conclusion, the priming did decrease local acute tissue inflammation of the colon in this commonly applied mouse model of T helper cell type 2-dominated model of inflammatory bowel disease.
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12
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Kuda T, Yokota Y, Haraguchi Y, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Susceptibility of gut indigenous lactic acid bacteria in BALB/c mice to oral administered Lactobacillus plantarum. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:53-62. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1471590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yokota
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Haraguchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bon Kimura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Bendtsen KM, Hansen CH, Krych L, Buschard K, Farlov H, Hansen AK. Effect of Early-life Gut Mucosal Compromise on Disease Progression in NOD Mice. Comp Med 2017; 67:388-399. [PMID: 28935000 PMCID: PMC5621566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease expression in spontaneous nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice depends on environmental stimuli such as stress, diet, and gut microbiota composition. We evaluated a brief, early-life gut intervention in which pups were weaned to low-dose dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We hypothesized that the mucus-reducing effect of this compound and subsequent increased host-bacterial contact would delay disease onset and decrease insulitis due to enhanced oral tolerance. However, disease incidence did not differ between groups, although median survival (time point when 50% of the mice are still alive) of the control group was 184 d compared with 205 d for DSS-treated mice. Mean age at disease onset (that is, blood glucose of at least 12 mmol/L) was 164 d for control mice and 159 d for DSS-treated mice. In addition, 62.5% of control mice reached a blood glucose of 12 mmol/L before 30 wk of age compared with 59% in DSS-treated mice, which had a significant transient increase in serum insulin in week 4. No changes were found in immune cells collected from spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Although mice received a low dose of DSS, the subsequent reduction in the diversity of the microbiota during weeks 4 through 6 led to increased cecal length and weight and, in week 13, a tendency toward decreased colon length, with increased leakage of LPS to the blood. We conclude that mucus reduction and subsequent increased host-bacterial contact did not affect overall disease progression in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Bendtsen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark;,
| | - Camilla Hf Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Helene Farlov
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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