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Alashmali S. Nutritional roles and therapeutic potentials of dietary sphingomyelin in brain diseases. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:185-191. [PMID: 38799143 PMCID: PMC11111474 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have recently gained interest as potential players in variety of diseases due to their import roles in human body particularly, the brain. As sphingomyelin is the most common type of sphingolipids, deficits in its distribution to brain cells may contribute to neurological anomalies. However, data is limited regarding the impact of different levels of dietary sphingomyelin intake on neural function especially if this approach can boost cognition and prevent neurological disorders. This review evaluates the effect of dietary sphingomyelin and its metabolites (ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate) in animal models and in humans, with a primary focus on its impact on brain health. Additionally, it proposes multiple neuroenhancing effects of sphingomyelin-rich diet. This presents an opportunity to stimulate further research that aims to determine the therapeutic value of dietary sphingomyelin in preventing, improving or slowing the progression of central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoug Alashmali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Mwema A, Gratpain V, Ucakar B, Vanvarenberg K, Perdaens O, van Pesch V, Muccioli GG, des Rieux A. Impact of calcitriol and PGD 2-G-loaded lipid nanocapsules on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01535-8. [PMID: 38366115 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in need of a curative treatment. MS research has recently focused on the development of pro-remyelinating treatments and neuroprotective therapies. Here, we aimed at favoring remyelination and reducing neuro-inflammation in a cuprizone mouse model of brain demyelination using nanomedicines. We have selected lipid nanocapsules (LNC) coated with the cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of translation (TAT), loaded with either a pro-remyelinating compound, calcitriol (Cal-LNC TAT), or an anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid, prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester (PGD2-G) (PGD2-G-LNC TAT). Following the characterization of these formulations, we showed that Cal-LNC TAT in combination with PGD2-G-LNC TAT increased the mRNA expression of oligodendrocyte differentiation markers both in the CG-4 cell line and in primary mixed glial cell (MGC) cultures. However, while the combination of Cal-LNC TAT and PGD2-G-LNC TAT showed promising results in vitro, no significant impact, in terms of remyelination, astrogliosis, and microgliosis, was observed in vivo in the corpus callosum of cuprizone-treated mice following intranasal administration. Thus, although calcitriol's beneficial effects have been abundantly described in the literature in the context of MS, here, we show that the different doses of calcitriol tested had a negative impact on the mice well-being and showed no beneficial effect in the cuprizone model in terms of remyelination and neuro-inflammation, alone and when combined with PGD2-G-LNC TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mwema
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viridiane Gratpain
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Océane Perdaens
- Cellular and Molecular Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Cellular and Molecular Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Nagree MS, Rybova J, Kleynerman A, Ahrenhoerster CJ, Saville JT, Xu T, Bachochin M, McKillop WM, Lawlor MW, Pshezhetsky AV, Isaeva O, Budde MD, Fuller M, Medin JA. Spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype in a mouse model of acid ceramidase deficiency. Commun Biol 2023; 6:560. [PMID: 37231125 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ASAH1 have been linked to two allegedly distinct disorders: Farber disease (FD) and spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). We have previously reported FD-like phenotypes in mice harboring a single amino acid substitution in acid ceramidase (ACDase), P361R, known to be pathogenic in humans (P361R-Farber). Here we describe a mouse model with an SMA-PME-like phenotype (P361R-SMA). P361R-SMA mice live 2-3-times longer than P361R-Farber mice and have different phenotypes including progressive ataxia and bladder dysfunction, which suggests neurological dysfunction. We found profound demyelination, loss of axons, and altered sphingolipid levels in P361R-SMA spinal cords; severe pathology was restricted to the white matter. Our model can serve as a tool to study the pathological effects of ACDase deficiency on the central nervous system and to evaluate potential therapies for SMA-PME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza S Nagree
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jitka Rybova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Annie Kleynerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Jennifer T Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - TianMeng Xu
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - William M McKillop
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Olena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew D Budde
- Clement J. Zablocki Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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4
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Al-Otaibi KM, Alghamdi BS, Al-Ghamdi MA, Mansouri RA, Ashraf GM, Omar UM. Therapeutic effect of combination vitamin D3 and siponimod on remyelination and modulate microglia activation in cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1068736. [PMID: 36688131 PMCID: PMC9849768 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1068736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of remyelination is critical for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) to alleviate symptoms and protect the myelin sheath from further damage. The current study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of combining vitamin D3 (Vit D3) and siponimod (Sipo) on enhancing remyelination and modulating microglia phenotypes in the cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination mouse model. The study was divided into two stages; demyelination (first 5 weeks) and remyelination (last 4 weeks). In the first 5 weeks, 85 mice were randomly divided into two groups, control (n = 20, standard rodent chow) and CPZ (n = 65, 0.3% CPZ mixed with chow for 6 weeks, followed by 3 weeks of standard rodent chow). At week 5, the CPZ group was re-divided into four groups (n = 14) for remyelination stages; untreated CPZ (0.2 ml of CMC orally), CPZ+Vit D3 (800 IU/kg Vit D3 orally), CPZ+Sipo (1.5 mg/kg Sipo orally), and CPZ+Vit D3 (800 IU/kg Vit D3) + Sipo (1.5 mg/kg Sipo orally). Various behavioral tasks were performed to evaluate motor performance. Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining, the expression level of myelin basic protein (MBP), and M1/M2 microglia phenotype genes were assessed in the corpus callosum (CC). The results showed that the combination of Vit D3 and Sipo improved behavioral deficits, significantly promoted remyelination, and modulated expression levels of microglia phenotype genes in the CC at early and late remyelination stages. These results demonstrate for the first time that a combination of Vit D3 and Sipo can improve the remyelination process in the cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model by attenuating the M1 microglia phenotype. This may help to improve the treatment of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Badrah S. Alghamdi Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Badrah S. Alghamdi Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi
| | - Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat M. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Leo H, Kipp M. Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: Findings in the Cuprizone Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416093. [PMID: 36555733 PMCID: PMC9783537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination therapies, which are currently under development, have a great potential to delay, prevent or even reverse disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Several models are available to study the effectiveness of novel compounds in vivo, among which is the cuprizone model. This model is characterized by toxin-induced demyelination, followed by endogenous remyelination after cessation of the intoxication. Due to its high reproducibility and ease of use, this model enjoys high popularity among various research and industrial groups. In this review article, we will summarize recent findings using this model and discuss the potential of some of the identified compounds to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Kipp
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-381-494-8400
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Hirschfeld LR, Risacher SL, Nho K, Saykin AJ. Myelin repair in Alzheimer's disease: a review of biological pathways and potential therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 36284351 PMCID: PMC9598036 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review investigates the significant overlap between myelin-repair signaling pathways and pathways known to contribute to hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discuss previously investigated therapeutic targets of amyloid, tau, and ApoE, as well as other potential therapeutic targets that have been empirically shown to contribute to both remyelination and progression of AD. Current evidence shows that there are multiple AD-relevant pathways which overlap significantly with remyelination and myelin repair through the encouragement of oligodendrocyte proliferation, maturation, and myelin production. There is a present need for a single, cohesive model of myelin homeostasis in AD. While determining a causative pathway is beyond the scope of this review, it may be possible to investigate the pathological overlap of myelin repair and AD through therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rose Hirschfeld
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Mirzaei M, Abyadeh M, Turner AJ, Wall RV, Chick JM, Paulo JA, Gupta VK, Basavarajappa D, Chitranshi N, Mirshahvaladi SSO, You Y, Fitzhenry MJ, Amirkhani A, Haynes PA, Klistorner A, Gupta V, Graham SL. Fingolimod effects on the brain are mediated through biochemical modulation of bioenergetics, autophagy, and neuroinflammatory networks. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100247. [PMID: 35866514 PMCID: PMC9786555 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is an oral drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for management of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, which has also shown beneficial effects against Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases pathologies. Although an extensive effort has been made to identify mechanisms underpinning its therapeutic effects, much remains unknown. Here, we investigated Fingolimod induced proteome changes in the cerebellum (CB) and frontal cortex (FC) regions of the brain which are known to be severely affected in MS, using a tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric labeling-based quantitative mass-spectrometric approach to investigate the mechanism of action of Fingolimod. This study identified 6749 and 6319 proteins in CB and FC, respectively, and returned 2609 and 3086 differentially expressed proteins in mouse CB and FC, respectively, between Fingolimod treated and control groups. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses indicated a metabolic reprogramming in both brain regions of the Fingolimod treated group, where oxidative phosphorylation was upregulated while glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway were downregulated. In addition, modulation of neuroinflammation in the Fingolimod treated group was indicated by upregulation of retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and autophagy pathways, and downregulation of neuroinflammation related pathways including neutrophil degranulation and the IL-12 mediated signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that Fingolimod may exert its protective effects on the brain by inducing metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Anita J. Turner
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Joel M. Chick
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Veer K. Gupta
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Seyed Shahab Oddin Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSWAustralia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research CentreMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Alexander Klistorner
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
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8
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Tanaka A, Anada K, Yasue M, Honda T, Nakamura H, Murayama T. Ceramide kinase knockout ameliorates multiple sclerosis-like behaviors and demyelination in cuprizone-treated mice. Life Sci 2022; 296:120446. [PMID: 35245521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in sphingolipid metabolism regulate and/or alter many cellular functions in the brain. Ceramide, a central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, is phosphorylated to ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) by ceramide kinase (CerK). CerK and C1P were reported to regulate many cellular responses, but their roles in immune-related diseases in vivo have not been well elucidated. Thus, we investigated the effects of CerK knockout on the onset/progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a chronic neurodegenerative disease accompanied by the loss of myelin sheaths in the brain. MS-model mice were prepared using a diet containing the copper chelator cuprizone (CPZ). Treatment of 8-week-old mice with 0.2% CPZ for 8 weeks resulted in motor dysfunction based on the Rota-rod test, and caused the loss of myelin-related proteins (MRPs) in the brain and demyelination in the corpus callosum without affecting synaptophysin levels. CerK knockout, which did not affect developmental changes in MRPs, ameliorated the motor dysfunction, loss of MRPs, and demyelination in the brain in CPZ-treated mice. Loss of tail tonus, another marker of motor dysfunction, was detected at 1 week without demyelination after CPZ treatment in a CerK knockout-independent manner. CPZ-induced loss of tail tonus progressed, specifically in female mice, to 6-8 weeks, and the loss was ameliorated by CerK knockout. Activities of ceramide metabolic enzymes including CerK in the lysates of the brain were not affected by CPZ treatment. Inhibition of CerK as a candidate for MS treatment was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tanaka
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kohei Anada
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masataka Yasue
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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9
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Gupta M, Weaver DF. Microsecond molecular dynamics studies of cholesterol-mediated myelin sheath degeneration in early Alzheimer's disease. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:222-239. [PMID: 34878462 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-mediated perturbations of membrane structural integrity are key early events in the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, protein misfolding (proteopathy) and pro-inflammatory conditions (immunopathy) culminate in neuronal death, a process enabled by altered membrane biophysical properties which render neurons more susceptible to proteopathic and immunopathic cytotoxicities. Since cholesterol is a principal neuronal membrane lipid, normal cholesterol homeostasis is central to membrane health; also, since increased cholesterol composition is especially present in neuronal myelin sheath (i.e. brain "white matter"), recent studies have not surprisingly revealed that white matter atrophy precedes the conventional biomarkers of AD (amyloid plaques, tau tangles). Employing extensive microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated biophysical and mechanical properties of myelin sheath membrane as a function of cholesterol mole fraction (χCHL). Impaired χCHL modulates multiple bilayer properties, including surface area per lipid (APL), chain order, number and mass density profiles, area compressibility and bending moduli, bilayer thickness, lipid tilt angles, H-bonding interactions and tail interdigitation. The increased orientational ordering of both palmitoyl and oleoyl chains in model healthy myelin sheath (HMS) membranes illustrates the condensing effect of cholesterol. With an increase in χCHL, number density profiles of water tend to attain bulk water number density more quickly, indicating shrinkage in the interfacial region with increasing χCHL. The average tilt value is 11.5° for the C10-C13 angle in cholesterol and 64.2° for the P-N angle in POPC lipids in HMS. These calculations provide a molecular-level understanding of myelin sheath susceptibility to pathology as an early event in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gupta
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada.
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada. .,Departments of Chemistry, Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M55 3H6, Canada
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10
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Barati S, Tahmasebi F, Faghihi F. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on multiple sclerosis patients. Neuropeptides 2020; 84:102095. [PMID: 33059244 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with symptoms such as neuroinflammation and axonal degeneration. Existing drugs help reduce inflammatory conditions and protect CNS from demyelination and axonal damage; however, these drugs are unable to enhance axonal repair and remyelination. In this regard, cell therapy is considered as a promising regenerative approach to MS treatment. High immunomodulatory capacity, neuro-differentiation and neuroprotection properties have made Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) particularly useful for regenerative medicine. There are scant studies on the role of MSCs in patients suffering from MS. The low number of MS patients and the lack of control groups in these studies may explain the lack of beneficial effects of MSC transplantation in cell therapies. In this review, we evaluated the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation in clinical studies in terms of immunomodulatory, remyelinating and neuroprotecting properties of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faeze Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Padnahad Co.Ltd, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Cerebrospinal fluid lipidomic biomarker signatures of demyelination for multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18380. [PMID: 33110173 PMCID: PMC7592055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) are demyelinating disorders affecting the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is one of the most valuable sources of diagnostic biomarkers in neurological diseases. In the present study high sensitivity shotgun mass spectrometry was used to characterise the CSF lipidome of patients with MS, GBS and controls with non-demyelinating diseases. The quantification of 222 CSF lipid molecular species revealed characteristic changes in the absolute and relative lipid concentrations in MS and GBS compared to the controls. For the GBS group, the fourfold elevation in the total lipid content was a discriminatory and a newly identified feature of PNS demyelination. In contrast, in MS, the accumulation of the myelin-derived cerebrosides represented a specific feature of demyelination. As a common feature of demyelination, we identified upregulated levels of lipid metabolic intermediates. We found strong positive correlation between total protein content and lipid concentrations in both diseases. By exploring the CSF lipidome we demonstrate usefulness of broad-range shotgun lipidomic analysis as a fast and reliable method of biomarker discovery in patients with demyelinating neurological disorders that might be a valuable diagnostic complement to existing examinations.
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12
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Giussani P, Prinetti A, Tringali C. The role of Sphingolipids in myelination and myelin stability and their involvement in childhood and adult demyelinating disorders. J Neurochem 2020; 156:403-414. [PMID: 33448358 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents the most common demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in adults as well as in children. Furthermore, in children, in addition to acquired diseases such as MS, genetically inherited diseases significantly contribute to the incidence of demyelinating disorders. Some genetic defects lead to sphingolipid alterations that are able to elicit neurological symptoms. Sphingolipids are essential for brain development, and their aberrant functionality may thus contribute to demyelinating diseases such as MS. In particular, sphingolipidoses caused by deficits of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes, are often associated with demyelination. Sphingolipids are not only structural molecules but also bioactive molecules involved in the regulation of cellular events such as development of the nervous system, myelination and maintenance of myelin stability. Changes in the sphingolipid metabolism deeply affect plasma membrane organization. Thus, changes in myelin sphingolipid composition might crucially contribute to the phenotype of diseases characterized by demyelinalization. Here, we review key features of several sphingolipids such as ceramide/dihydroceramide, sphingosine/dihydrosphingosine, glucosylceramide and, galactosylceramide which act in myelin formation during rat brain development and in human brain demyelination during the pathogenesis of MS, suggesting that this knowledge could be useful in identifying targets for possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, LITA Segrate, Segrate, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, LITA Segrate, Segrate, Italy
| | - Cristina Tringali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, LITA Segrate, Segrate, Italy
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13
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Naser E, Kadow S, Schumacher F, Mohamed ZH, Kappe C, Hessler G, Pollmeier B, Kleuser B, Arenz C, Becker KA, Gulbins E, Carpinteiro A. Characterization of the small molecule ARC39, a direct and specific inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase in vitro. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:896-910. [PMID: 32156719 PMCID: PMC7269768 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine, may serve as an investigational tool or a therapeutic intervention to control many diseases. Specific ASM inhibitors are currently not sufficiently characterized. Here, we found that 1-aminodecylidene bis-phosphonic acid (ARC39) specifically and efficiently (>90%) inhibits both lysosomal and secretory ASM in vitro. Results from investigating sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1/Smpd1) mRNA and ASM protein levels suggested that ARC39 directly inhibits ASM's catalytic activity in cultured cells, a mechanism that differs from that of functional inhibitors of ASM. We further provide evidence that ARC39 dose- and time-dependently inhibits lysosomal ASM in intact cells, and we show that ARC39 also reduces platelet- and ASM-promoted adhesion of tumor cells. The observed toxicity of ARC39 is low at concentrations relevant for ASM inhibition in vitro, and it does not strongly alter the lysosomal compartment or induce phospholipidosis in vitro. When applied intraperitoneally in vivo, even subtoxic high doses administered short-term induced sphingomyelin accumulation only locally in the peritoneal lavage without significant accumulation in plasma, liver, spleen, or brain. These findings require further investigation with other possible chemical modifications. In conclusion, our results indicate that ARC39 potently and selectively inhibits ASM in vitro and highlight the need for developing compounds that can reach tissue concentrations sufficient for ASM inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Naser
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Zainelabdeen H Mohamed
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Christian Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hessler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Pollmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. mailto:
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Poitelon Y, Kopec AM, Belin S. Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040812. [PMID: 32230947 PMCID: PMC7226731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Microbiome and motor neuron diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020. [PMID: 33814112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space (Medical and Health Genomics, 2016, page 15-28). The human gut is the location where the maximum number of microorganisms can be found. Among the different microorganisms they can be broadly classified into two groups: the beneficial and harmful. In the human gut there is always a balance between the beneficial and the opportunistic microorganism which maintains human health. However, if the balance is not maintained and homeostasis is disturbed, with an increase in opportunistic microorganisms, it may result in various diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases including motor neuron diseases. In the present chapter we discuss the role of gut bacteria in motor neuron diseases like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Abo Taleb HA, Alghamdi BS. Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin during Demyelination and Remyelination Stages in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:386-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Multiple Sclerosis: Melatonin, Orexin, and Ceramide Interact with Platelet Activation Coagulation Factors and Gut-Microbiome-Derived Butyrate in the Circadian Dysregulation of Mitochondria in Glia and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215500. [PMID: 31694154 PMCID: PMC6862663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data highlight the important roles of the gut microbiome, gut permeability, and alterations in mitochondria functioning in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). This article reviews such data, indicating two important aspects of alterations in the gut in the modulation of mitochondria: (1) Gut permeability increases toll-like receptor (TLR) activators, viz circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and exosomal high-mobility group box (HMGB)1. LPS and HMGB1 increase inducible nitric oxide synthase and superoxide, leading to peroxynitrite-driven acidic sphingomyelinase and ceramide. Ceramide is a major driver of MS pathophysiology via its impacts on glia mitochondria functioning; (2) Gut dysbiosis lowers production of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. Butyrate is a significant positive regulator of mitochondrial function, as well as suppressing the levels and effects of ceramide. Ceramide acts to suppress the circadian optimizers of mitochondria functioning, viz daytime orexin and night-time melatonin. Orexin, melatonin, and butyrate increase mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation partly via the disinhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to an increase in acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for activation of the mitochondria melatonergic pathway, allowing melatonin to optimize mitochondrial function. Data would indicate that gut-driven alterations in ceramide and mitochondrial function, particularly in glia and immune cells, underpin MS pathophysiology. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activators, such as stress-induced kynurenine and air pollutants, may interact with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway via AhR-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1, which backward converts melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). The loss of mitochnodria melatonin coupled with increased NAS has implications for altered mitochondrial function in many cell types that are relevant to MS pathophysiology. NAS is increased in secondary progressive MS, indicating a role for changes in the mitochondria melatonergic pathway in the progression of MS symptomatology. This provides a framework for the integration of diverse bodies of data on MS pathophysiology, with a number of readily applicable treatment interventions, including the utilization of sodium butyrate.
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OLIVEIRA EMLD, MONTANI DA, OLIVEIRA-SILVA D, RODRIGUES-OLIVEIRA AF, MATAS SLDA, FERNANDES GBP, SILVA IDCGD, LO TURCO EG. Multiple sclerosis has a distinct lipid signature in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:696-704. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last decade, but remains a composite of clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging to prove dissemination of lesions in time and space. The intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin may be a nonspecific marker and there are no plasma biomarkers that are useful in the diagnosis of MS, presenting additional challenges to their early detection. Methods We performed a preliminary untargeted qualitative lipidomics mass spectrometry analysis, comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from patients with MS, other inflammatory neurological diseases and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Results Lipid identification revealed that fatty acids and sphingolipids were the most abundant classes of lipids in the CSF and that glycerolipids and fatty acids were the main class of lipids in the plasma of patients with MS. The area under the curve was 0.995 (0.912–1) and 0.78 (0.583–0.917), respectively. The permutation test indicated that this ion combination was useful for distinguishing MS from other inflammatory diseases (p < 0.001 and 0.055, respectively). Conclusion This study concluded that the CSF and plasma from patients with MS bear a unique lipid signature that can be useful as a diagnostic biomarker.
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19
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Lee G, Hasan M, Kwon OS, Jung BH. Identification of Altered Metabolic Pathways during Disease Progression in EAE Mice via Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Neuroscience 2019; 416:74-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Barati S, Ragerdi Kashani I, Moradi F, Tahmasebi F, Mehrabi S, Barati M, Joghataei MT. Mesenchymal stem cell mediated effects on microglial phenotype in cuprizone-induced demyelination model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13952-13964. [PMID: 30963634 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells have an essential role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. They are divided into two subgroups: M1 and M2 phenotypes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with neuroprotective and immunomodulating properties, could improve these diseases. We evaluate the immunomodulating effects of MSC on microglial phenotypes and the improvement of demyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). For inducing the chronic demyelination model, C57BL6 mice were given a diet with 0.2% CPZ (w/w) for 12 weeks. In the MSC group, cells were transplanted into the right lateral ventricle of mice. The expression of targeted genes was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. M1 and M2 microglial phenotypes were assessed by immunohistochemistry of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Arg-1, respectively. Remyelination was studied by luxal fast blue (LFB) staining and electron microscopy (EM). We found that MSC transplantation reduced the expression level of M1-specific messenger RNA (mRNA; iNOS and CD86) but increased the expression level of M2 specific genes (CD206, Arg-1, and CX3CR1) in comparison to the CPZ group. Moreover, cell therapy significantly decreased the M1 marker (iNOS+ cells), but M2 marker (Arg-1+ cells) significantly increased in comparison with the CPZ group. In addition, MSC treatment significantly increased the CX3CL1 expression level in comparison with the CPZ group and led to improvement in remyelination, which was confirmed by LFB and EM images. The results showed that MSC transplantation increases the M2 and decreases the M1 phenotype in MS. This change was accompanied by decrease in demyelination and axonal injury and indicated that MSCs have a positive effect on MS by modification of microglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Pant DC, Dorboz I, Schluter A, Fourcade S, Launay N, Joya J, Aguilera-Albesa S, Yoldi ME, Casasnovas C, Willis MJ, Ruiz M, Ville D, Lesca G, Siquier-Pernet K, Desguerre I, Yan H, Wang J, Burmeister M, Brady L, Tarnopolsky M, Cornet C, Rubbini D, Terriente J, James KN, Musaev D, Zaki MS, Patterson MC, Lanpher BC, Klee EW, Pinto E Vairo F, Wohler E, Sobreira NLDM, Cohen JS, Maroofian R, Galehdari H, Mazaheri N, Shariati G, Colleaux L, Rodriguez D, Gleeson JG, Pujades C, Fatemi A, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Pujol A. Loss of the sphingolipid desaturase DEGS1 causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1240-1256. [PMID: 30620337 DOI: 10.1172/jci123959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid imbalance is the culprit in a variety of neurological diseases, some affecting the myelin sheath. We have used whole-exome sequencing in patients with undetermined leukoencephalopathies to uncover the endoplasmic reticulum lipid desaturase DEGS1 as the causative gene in 19 patients from 13 unrelated families. Shared features among the cases include severe motor arrest, early nystagmus, dystonia, spasticity, and profound failure to thrive. MRI showed hypomyelination, thinning of the corpus callosum, and progressive thalamic and cerebellar atrophy, suggesting a critical role of DEGS1 in myelin development and maintenance. This enzyme converts dihydroceramide (DhCer) into ceramide (Cer) in the final step of the de novo biosynthesis pathway. We detected a marked increase of the substrate DhCer and DhCer/Cer ratios in patients' fibroblasts and muscle. Further, we used a knockdown approach for disease modeling in Danio rerio, followed by a preclinical test with the first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis, fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya). The enzymatic inhibition of Cer synthase by fingolimod, 1 step prior to DEGS1 in the pathway, reduced the critical DhCer/Cer imbalance and the severe locomotor disability, increasing the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes in a zebrafish model. These proof-of-concept results pave the way to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh C Pant
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Imen Dorboz
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Agatha Schluter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Joya
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Eugenia Yoldi
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary J Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorothée Ville
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital and GENDEV team CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, CRNL, and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Siquier-Pernet
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, and
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, and.,Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolics), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolics), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kiely N James
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marc C Patterson
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Clinical Genomics and.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Department of Clinical Genomics and.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nara Lygia de M Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Mazaheri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Kianpars, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Kianpars, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- APHP, Department of Neuropediatrics, National Reference Center for Neurogenetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, GHUEP, Paris, France.,GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université, Paris, France
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cristina Pujades
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Reference Center for Leukodystrophies and Rare Leukoencephalopathies (LEUKOFRANCE), Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Tahmasebi F, Pasbakhsh P, Mortezaee K, Madadi S, Barati S, Kashani IR. Effect of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 on remyelination of corpus callosum in a cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10576-10586. [PMID: 30628737 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Despite introducing multiple immunomodulatory approaches for MS, there are still major concerns about possible ways for improving remyelination in this disease. Microglia exert essential roles in regulation of myelination processes, and interaction between colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) with its receptor CSF1R is considered as a key regulator of microglial differentiation and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate possible roles for a CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 in recovery of central myelination processes. Chronic demyelination was induced in mice by addition of 0.2% cuprizone to the chow for 12 weeks. Next, animals were undergoing a diet containing 290 mg/kg PLX3397 to induce microglial ablation. The PLX3397 treatment caused a significant decrease in the rate of expression for the CSF1/CSF1R axis, and a reduction in the protein expressions for the microglial marker Iba-1 and for the oligodendrocyte marker Olig-2. Findings from Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an increase in the rate of myelination for the mice receiving PLX3397. The rate of destruction in the nerve fibers and the extent of the gaps formed between layers of myelin sheaths was also reduced after the treatment with PLX3397. In addition, animals experienced an improvement in recovery of motor deficit after receiving PLX3397 (for all P < 0.05). It could be concluded that PLX3397 could retain myelination in the MS model possibly through regulation of the myelin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Human Remyelination Promoting Antibody Stimulates Astrocytes Proliferation Through Modulation of the Sphingolipid Rheostat in Primary Rat Mixed Glial Cultures. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1460-1474. [PMID: 30569280 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination promoting human IgMs effectively increase the number of myelinated axons in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Hence, they ultimately stimulate myelin production by oligodendrocytes (OLs); however, their exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, and in particular, it remains unclear whether they are directly targeting OLs, or their action is mediated by effects on other cell types. We assessed the effect of remyelination promoting antibody rHIgM22 on the proliferative response and on the ceramide/sphingosine 1-phosphate rheostat in mixed glial cell cultures (MGCs). rHIgM22 treatment caused a time-dependent increase in PDGFαR protein in MGCs. Forty-eight hours of treatment with rHIgM22 induced a dose-dependent proliferative response (evaluated as total cell number and as EdU(+) cell number) in MGCs. When the proliferation response of MGCs to rHIgM22 was analyzed as a function of the cell types, the most significant proliferative response was associated with GLAST(+) cells, i.e., astrocytes. In many cell types, the balance between different sphingolipid mediators (the "sphingolipid rheostat"), in particular ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, is critical in determining the cell fate. rHIgM22 treatment in MGCs induced a moderate but significant inhibition of total acidic sphingomyelinase activity (measured in vitro on cell lysates), the main enzyme responsible for the stimulus-mediated production of ceramide, when treatment was performed in serum containing medium, but no significant differences were observed when antibody treatment was performed in the absence of serum. Moreover, rHIgM22 treatment, either in the presence or in absence of serum, had no effects on ceramide levels. On the other hand, rHIgM22 treatment for 24 h induced increased production and release of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the extracellular milieu of MGC. Release of sphingosine 1-phosphate upon rHIgM22 treatment was strongly reduced by a selective inhibitor of PDGFαR. Increased sphingosine 1-phosphate production does not seem to be mediated by regulation of the biosynthetic enzymes, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, since protein levels of these enzymes and phosphorylation of sphingosine kinase 1 were unchanged upon rHIgM22 treatment. Instead, we observed a significant reduction in the levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase 1, one of the key catabolic enzymes. Remarkably, rHIgM22 treatment under the same experimental conditions did not induce changes in the production and/or release of sphingosine 1-phosphate in pure astrocyte cultures. Taken together, these data suggest that rHIgM22 indirectly influences the proliferation of astrocytes in MGCs, by affecting the ceramide/sphingosine 1-phosphate balance. The specific cell population directly targeted by rHIgM22 remains to be identified, however our study unveils another aspect of the complexity of rHIgM22-induced remyelinating effect.
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24
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Wang G, Bieberich E. Sphingolipids in neurodegeneration (with focus on ceramide and S1P). Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:51-64. [PMID: 30287225 PMCID: PMC6251739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For many decades, research on sphingolipids associated with neurodegenerative disease focused on alterations in glycosphingolipids, particularly glycosylceramides (cerebrosides), sulfatides, and gangliosides. This seemed quite natural since many of these glycolipids are constituents of myelin and accumulated in lipid storage diseases (sphingolipidoses) resulting from enzyme deficiencies in glycolipid metabolism. With the advent of recognizing ceramide and its derivative, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as key players in lipid cell signaling and regulation of cell death and survival, research focus shifted toward these two sphingolipids. Ceramide and S1P are invoked in a plethora of cell biological processes participating in neurodegeneration such as ER stress, autophagy, dysregulation of protein and lipid transport, exosome secretion and neurotoxic protein spreading, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, it is timely to discuss various functions of ceramide and S1P in neurodegenerative disease and to define sphingolipid metabolism and cell signaling pathways as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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25
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Choline and choline-related nutrients in regular and preterm infant growth. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:931-945. [PMID: 30298207 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient, with increased requirements during development. It forms the headgroup of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in all membranes and many secretions. Phosphatidylcholine is linked to cell signaling as a phosphocholine donor to synthesize sphingomyelin from ceramide, a trigger of apoptosis, and is the major carrier of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in plasma. Acetylcholine is important for neurodevelopment and the placental storage form for fetal choline supply. Betaine, a choline metabolite, functions as osmolyte and methyl donor. Their concentrations are all tightly regulated in tissues. CLINCAL IMPACT During the fetal growth spurt at 24-34-week postmenstrual age, plasma choline is higher than beyond 34 weeks, and threefold higher than in pregnant women [45 (36-60) µmol/L vs. 14 (10-17) µmol/L]. The rapid decrease in plasma choline after premature birth suggests an untimely reduction in choline supply, as cellular uptake is proportional to plasma concentration. Supply via breast milk, with phosphocholine and α-glycerophosphocholine as its major choline components, does not prevent such postnatal decrease. Moreover, high amounts of liver PC are secreted via bile, causing rapid hepatic choline turnover via the enterohepatic cycle, and deficiency in case of pancreatic phospholipase A2 deficiency or intestinal resection. Choline deficiency causes hepatic damage and choline accretion at the expense of the lungs and other tissues. CONCLUSION Choline deficiency may contribute to the impaired lean body mass growth and pulmonary and neurocognitive development of preterm infants despite adequate macronutrient supply and weight gain. In this context, a reconsideration of current recommendations for choline supply to preterm infants is required.
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26
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Bourgognon JM, Spiers JG, Scheiblich H, Antonov A, Bradley SJ, Tobin AB, Steinert JR. Alterations in neuronal metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of prion disease. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1408-1425. [PMID: 29915278 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions are characterised by a progressive loss of neurons, which is believed to be initiated by misfolded protein aggregations. During this time period, many physiological and metabolomic alterations and changes in gene expression contribute to the decline in neuronal function. However, these pathological effects have not been fully characterised. In this study, we utilised a metabolomic approach to investigate the metabolic changes occurring in the hippocampus and cortex of mice infected with misfolded prion protein. In order to identify these changes, the samples were analysed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. The present dataset comprises a total of 498 compounds of known identity, named biochemicals, which have undergone principal component analysis and supervised machine learning. The results generated are consistent with the prion-inoculated mice having significantly altered metabolic profiles. In particular, we highlight the alterations associated with the metabolism of glucose, neuropeptides, fatty acids, L-arginine/nitric oxide and prostaglandins, all of which undergo significant changes during the disease. These data provide possibilities for future studies targeting and investigating specific pathways to better understand the processes involved in neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jereme G Spiers
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Hannah Scheiblich
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Alexey Antonov
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Sophie J Bradley
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Joern R Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
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27
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Enhanced release of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes generates a lipidomics signature in CSF of Multiple Sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3071. [PMID: 29449691 PMCID: PMC5814401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MuS) is a complex multifactorial neuropathology, resulting in heterogeneous clinical presentation. A very active MuS research field concerns the discovery of biomarkers helpful to make an early and definite diagnosis. The sphingomyelin pathway has emerged as a molecular mechanism involved in MuS, since high levels of ceramides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were related to axonal damage and neuronal dysfunction. Ceramides are the hydrolysis products of sphingomyelins through a reaction catalyzed by a family of enzymes named sphingomyelinases, which were recently related to myelin repair in MuS. Here, using a lipidomic approach, we observed low levels of several sphingomyelins in CSF of MuS patients compared to other inflammatory and non-inflammatory, central or peripheral neurological diseases. Starting by this result, we investigated the sphingomyelinase activity in CSF, showing a significantly higher enzyme activity in MuS. In support of these results we found high number of total exosomes in CSF of MuS patients and a high number of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes correlated to enzymatic activity and to disease severity. These data are of diagnostic relevance and show, for the first time, high number of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes in MuS, opening a new window for therapeutic approaches/targets in the treatment of MuS.
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