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Crouse B, Wu MM, Gradinati V, Kassick AJ, Song D, Jahan R, Averick S, Runyon S, Comer SD, Pravetoni M. Efficacy and Selectivity of Monovalent and Bivalent Vaccination Strategies to Protect against Exposure to Carfentanil, Fentanyl, and Their Mixtures in Rats. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:331-343. [PMID: 35592436 PMCID: PMC9112413 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-related fatal overdoses have significantly increased in the past decade due to the widespread availability of illicit fentanyl and other potent synthetic opioids such as carfentanil. Deliberate or accidental consumption or exposure to carfentanil, fentanyl, and their mixture induces respiratory depression and bradycardia that can be difficult to reverse with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Vaccines offer a promising strategy to reduce the incidence of fatalities associated with fentanyl-related substances, as well as treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). This study reports monovalent and bivalent vaccination strategies that elicit polyclonal antibody responses effective in protecting against the pharmacological actions of carfentanil, fentanyl, or carfentanil/fentanyl mixtures. Rats were prophylactically immunized with individual conjugate vaccines containing either carfentanil- or fentanyl-based haptens, or their combination in bivalent vaccine formulations, and then challenged with carfentanil, fentanyl, or their mixture. First, these studies identified a lead vaccine protective against carfentanil-induced antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Then, efficacy against both carfentanil and fentanyl was achieved through bivalent vaccination strategies that combined lead anti-carfentanil and anti-fentanyl vaccines via either heterologous prime/boost or co-administration immunization regimens. These preclinical data support the development of vaccines as a viable strategy to prevent toxicity from exposure to excessive doses of carfentanil, fentanyl, or their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Crouse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,School of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Mariah M Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,School of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Valeria Gradinati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew J Kassick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospita, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Daihyun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- RTI International, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospita, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Scott Runyon
- RTI International, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Sandra D Comer
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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O'Neill CL, Shrimali PC, Clapacs ZP, Files MA, Rudra JS. Peptide-based supramolecular vaccine systems. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:153-167. [PMID: 34010691 PMCID: PMC8497425 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently approved replication-competent and inactivated vaccines are limited by excessive reactogenicity and poor safety profiles, while subunit vaccines are often insufficiently immunogenic without co-administering exogenous adjuvants. Self-assembling peptide-, peptidomimetic-, and protein-based biomaterials offer a means to overcome these challenges through their inherent modularity, multivalency, and biocompatibility. As these scaffolds are biologically derived and present antigenic arrays reminiscent of natural viruses, they are prone to immune recognition and are uniquely capable of functioning as self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery vehicles that improve humoral and cellular responses. Beyond this intrinsic immunological advantage, the wide range of available amino acids allows for facile de novo design or straightforward modifications to existing sequences. This has permitted the development of vaccines and immunotherapies tailored to specific disease models, as well as generalizable platforms that have been successfully applied to prevent or treat numerous infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce the immune system, discuss the structural determinants of coiled coils, β-sheets, peptide amphiphiles, and protein subunit nanoparticles, and highlight the utility of these materials using notable examples of their innate and adaptive immunomodulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor L O'Neill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Paresh C Shrimali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Zain P Clapacs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Megan A Files
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
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Zeigler DF, Gage E, Clegg CH. Epitope-targeting platform for broadly protective influenza vaccines. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252170. [PMID: 34043704 PMCID: PMC8158873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines are often ineffective because they elicit strain-specific antibody responses to mutation-prone sites on the hemagglutinin (HA) head. Vaccines that provide long-lasting immunity to conserved epitopes are needed. Recently, we reported a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform produced by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) for targeting linear and helical protein-based epitopes. Here, we illustrate its potential for building broadly protective influenza vaccines. Targeting known epitopes in the HA stem, neuraminidase (NA) active site, and M2 ectodomain (M2e) conferred 50-75% survival against 5LD50 influenza B and H1N1 challenge; combining stem and M2e antigens increased survival to 90%. Additionally, protein sequence and structural information were employed in tandem to identify alternative epitopes that stimulate greater protection; we report three novel HA and NA sites that are highly conserved in type B viruses. One new target in the HA stem stimulated 100% survival, highlighting the value of this simple epitope discovery strategy. A candidate influenza B vaccine targeting two adjacent HA stem sites led to >104-fold reduction in pulmonary viral load. These studies describe a compelling platform for building vaccines that target conserved influenza epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Zeigler
- TRIA Bioscience Corp., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Emily Gage
- TRIA Bioscience Corp., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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4
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Assessing Neutralized Nicotine Distribution Using Mice Vaccinated with the Mucosal Conjugate Nicotine Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020118. [PMID: 33546163 PMCID: PMC7913222 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking continues to be a global epidemic and the leading preventable cause of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Nicotine vaccines have been investigated as an alternative to currently available smoking cessation strategies as a means to increase rates of success and long-term abstinence. Recently, we demonstrated that a mucosal nicotine vaccine was able to induce robust mucosal and systemic antibodies when delivered heterologously using intranasal and intramuscular routes. Herein, we investigated the neutralization ability of the anti-nicotine antibodies using both intranasal and intracardiac nicotine challenges. Combining the extraction of lyophilized organ samples with RP-HPLC methods, we were able to recover between 47% and 56% of the nicotine administered from the blood, brain, heart, and lungs up to 10 min after challenge, suggesting that the interaction of the antibodies with nicotine forms a stable complex independently of the route of vaccination or challenge. Although both challenge routes can be used for assessing systemic antibodies, only the intranasal administration of nicotine, which is more physiologically similar to the inhalation of nicotine, permitted the crucial interaction of nicotine with the mucosal antibodies generated using the heterologous vaccination route. Notably, these results were obtained 6 months after the final vaccination, demonstrating stable mucosal and systemic antibody responses.
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Zeigler DF, Gage E, Roque R, Clegg CH. Epitope targeting with self-assembled peptide vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:30. [PMID: 31341647 PMCID: PMC6642127 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems are being used to simplify and accelerate new vaccine development. Previously, we described the solid-phase synthesis of a 61-amino acid conjugate vaccine carrier comprising a α-helical domain followed by two universal T cell epitopes. Circular dichroism, analytical centrifugation, and dynamic light scattering indicate that this carrier forms coiled-coil nanoparticles. Here we expand the potential of this carrier by appending B cell epitopes to its amino acid sequence, thereby eliminating the need for traditional conjugation reactions. Peptides containing Tau or amyloid-β epitopes at either terminus assemble into ~20 nm particles and induce antibody responses in outbred mice. Vaccine function was verified in three experiments. The first targeted gonadotropin-releasing hormone, a 10-amino acid neuropeptide that regulates sexual development. Induction of peak antibody titers in male mice stimulated a dramatic loss in fertility and marked testis degeneration. The second experiment generated antibodies to an epitope on the murine IgE heavy chain analogous to human IgE sequence recognized by omalizumab, the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of allergic asthma. Like omalizumab, the anti-IgE antibodies in immunized mice reduced the concentrations of circulating free IgE and prevented IgE-induced anaphylaxis. Finally, a peptide containing the highly conserved Helix A epitope within the influenza hemagglutinin stem domain induced antibodies that successfully protected mice against a lethal H1N1 challenge. These results establish the utility of a new vaccine platform for eliciting prophylactic and therapeutic antibodies to linear and helical B cell epitopes. Synthetic nanoparticles have the potential to be a simple, efficacious, and customizable platform for vaccine delivery. Christopher H. Clegg and colleagues include B cell epitopes on a self-assembling α-helical peptide nanoparticle carrier in order to elicit robust antibody generation. This novel vaccine platform is validated in vivo to produce physiologically-relevant antibodies in three different settings: an antibody-mediated ‘castration’ approach (anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone), depletion of IgE (by generation of anti-IgE), and finally production of antibodies to a conserved H1N1 influenza epitope that mediates a protective effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Zeigler
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Emily Gage
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Richard Roque
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.,2Present Address: MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA
| | - Christopher H Clegg
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
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6
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Zhao Z, Hu Y, Harmon T, Pentel P, Ehrich M, Zhang C. Effect of Adjuvant Release Rate on the Immunogenicity of Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines: A Case Study with a Nanoparticle-Based Nicotine Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2766-2775. [PMID: 31075204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are a critical component for vaccines, especially for a poorly immunogenic antigen, such as nicotine. However, the impact of adjuvant release rate from a vaccine formulation on its immunogenicity has not been well illustrated. In this study, we fabricated a series of hybrid-nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines to study the impact of adjuvant release rate on their immunological efficacy. It was found that the nanovaccine with a medium or slow adjuvant release rate induced a significantly higher anti-nicotine antibody titer than that with a fast release rate. Furthermore, the medium and slow adjuvant release rates resulted in a significantly lower brain nicotine concentration than the fast release rate after nicotine challenge. All findings suggest that adjuvant release rate affects the immunological efficacy of nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines, providing a potential strategy to rationally designing vaccine formulations against psychoactive drugs or even other antigens. The hybrid-nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine with an optimized adjuvant release rate can be a promising next-generation immunotherapeutic candidate against nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theresa Harmon
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55404 , United States
| | - Paul Pentel
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55404 , United States
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Zeigler DF, Roque R, Clegg CH. Optimization of a multivalent peptide vaccine for nicotine addiction. Vaccine 2019; 37:1584-1590. [PMID: 30772068 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have been optimizing the design of a conjugate vaccine for nicotine addiction that employs a peptide-based hapten carrier. This peptide, which is produced by solid-phase protein synthesis, contains B cell and T cell epitope domains and eliminates the non-relevant, but highly immunogenic sequences in microbial carriers. In this report, the amino acid sequences in the T cell domain were optimized for improved vaccine activity and multivalent formulations containing structurally distinct haptens were tested for the induction of additive antibody responses. Trivalent vaccines produced antibody concentrations in mice that were 100 times greater than the amount of nicotine measured in smokers, and significantly reduced acute nicotine toxicity in rats. Two additional features were explored that distinguish the peptide from traditional recombinant carriers. The first is the minimal induction of an anti-carrier response, which can suppress nicotine vaccine activity. The second employs solid-phase synthesis to manufacture haptenated peptide. This approach obviates conventional conjugation chemistries and streamlines production of a more potent vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Zeigler
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Ave East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Richard Roque
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Ave East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
| | - Christopher H Clegg
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Ave East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
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Hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine nanovaccines: Boosting the immunological efficacy by conjugation of potent carrier proteins. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1655-1665. [PMID: 29719216 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine nanovaccines (NanoNicVac) were engineered in this work by conjugating potent carrier protein candidates (Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) multimer, KLH subunit, cross-reactive material 197 (CRM197), or tetanus toxoid (TT)) for enhanced immunological efficacy. NanoNicVac with CRM197 or TT were processed by dendritic cells more efficiently than that with KLH multimer or subunit. NanoNicVac carrying CRM197 or TT exhibited a significantly higher immunogenicity against nicotine and a considerably lower immunogenicity against carrier proteins than NanoNicVac carrying KLH multimer or subunit in mice. The in vivo results revealed that NanoNicVac with CRM197 or TT resulted in lower levels of nicotine in the brain of mice after nicotine challenge. All findings suggest that an enhanced immunological efficacy of NanoNicVac can be achieved by using CRM197 or TT instead of KLH or KLH subunit as carrier proteins, making NanoNicVac a promising next-generation immunotherapeutic candidate against nicotine addiction.
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