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Elkanawati RY, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Impact of Lipids on Insulin Resistance: Insights from Human and Animal Studies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3337-3360. [PMID: 39100221 PMCID: PMC11298177 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s468147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex pathological condition central to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This review evaluates the impact of lipids on insulin resistance (IR) by analyzing findings from human and animal studies. The articles were searched on the PubMed database using two keywords: (1) "Role of Lipids AND Insulin Resistance AND Humans" and (2) "Role of Lipids AND Insulin Resistance AND Animal Models". Studies in humans revealed that elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TGs) are closely associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, and interventions like metformin and omega-3 fatty acids show potential benefits. In animal models, high-fat diets disrupt insulin signaling and increase inflammation, with lipid mediators such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides playing significant roles. DAG activates protein kinase C, which eventually impairs insulin signaling, while ceramides inhibit Akt/PKB, further contributing to IR. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Yulifah Elkanawati
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jawa Barat, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
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Zhan F, Song W, Fan Y, Wang F, Wang Q. Cucurbitacin E Alleviates Colonic Barrier Function Impairment and Inflammation Response and Improves Microbial Composition on Experimental Colitis Models. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2745-2756. [PMID: 38737108 PMCID: PMC11086439 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s456353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cucurbitacins, which are found in a variety of medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits, were known for their diverse pharmacological and biological activities, including anticancer, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Cucurbitacin E, one of the major cucurbitacins, was recently proved to inhibit inflammatory response. Methods To explore the therapeutic effects of cucurbitacin E on colitis and the underlying mechanisms, male mice drunk water containing 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to establish colitis model and administrated with cucurbitacin E during and after DSS treatment. The disease activity index was scored and colonic histological damage was observed. Intestinal tight junction and inflammatory response were determined. 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing were performed to analyze gut microbiota composition and gene expression, respectively. Results We found that cucurbitacin E alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss and impaired colonic morphology. Cucurbitacin E decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis, and maintained barrier function. Additionally, cucurbitacin E retrieved DSS-induced alterations in the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, a variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by cucurbitacin E were enriched in several pathways including the NFκB and TNF signaling pathways as well as in Th17 cell differentiation. There was a close relationship between DEGs and bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella and Muribaculaceae. Conclusion Our results revealed that cucurbitacin E may exert protective effects on colitis via modulating inflammatory response, microbiota composition and host gene expression. Our study supports the therapeutic potential of cucurbitacin E in colitis and indicates that gut microbes are potentially therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Fan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangjian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, People’s Republic of China
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Wang L, Xu H, Li X, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhu X, Lin Z, Guo S, Bao Z, Rui H, He W, Zhang H. Cucurbitacin E reduces IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degeneration by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Transl Med 2023; 21:880. [PMID: 38049841 PMCID: PMC10696753 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. Cartilage degeneration is the earliest and most important pathological change in osteoarthritis, and persistent inflammation is one of the driving factors of cartilage degeneration. Cucurbitacin E, an isolated compound in the Cucurbitacin family, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, but its role and mechanism in osteoarthritic chondrocytes are unclear. METHODS For in vitro experiments, human chondrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β, and the expression of inflammatory genes was measured by Western blotting and qPCR. The expression of extracellular matrix proteins was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and saffron staining. Differences in gene expression between cartilage from osteoarthritis patients and normal cartilage were analysed by bioinformatics methods, and the relationship between Cucurbitacin E and its target was analysed by a cellular thermal shift assay, molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulation. For in vivo experiments, knee osteoarthritis was induced by DMM in C57BL/6 mouse knee joints, and the effect of Cucurbitacin E on knee joint degeneration was evaluated. RESULTS The in vitro experiments confirmed that Cucurbitacin E effectively inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes and alleviates extracellular matrix degradation. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that Cucurbitacin E had a protective effect on the knee cartilage of C57BL/6 mice with medial meniscal instability in the osteoarthritis model. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis of the GSE114007 and GSE117999 datasets showed that the PI3K/AKT pathway was highly activated in osteoarthritis. Immunohistochemical analysis of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway proteins in pathological slices of human cartilage showed that the level of p-PI3K in patients with osteoarthritis was higher than that in the normal group. PI3K/Akt were upregulated in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, and Cucurbitacin E intervention reversed this phenomenon. The cellular thermal shift assay, molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics experiment showed that Cucurbitacin E had a strong binding affinity for the inhibitory target PI3K. SC79 activated Akt phosphorylation and reversed the effect of Cucurbitacin E on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte degeneration, demonstrating that Cucurbitacin E inhibits IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation and degeneration by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Cucurbitacin E inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby alleviating the progression of OA. In summary, we believe that Cucurbitacin E is a potential drug for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Haigang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xunpeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shilei Guo
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhibo Bao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Haicheng Rui
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Li MK, Xing C, Ma LQ. Integrative bioinformatics analysis to screen key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2264442. [PMID: 37878496 PMCID: PMC10601513 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2264442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of disease in the body. However, there are few studies on ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in obesity. Therefore, key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity were screened. Briefly, the RNA sequencing data of obesity and the non-obesity human samples and 259 FRGs were downloaded from GEO database and FerrDb database, respectively. The obesity-related module genes were firstly screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and crossed with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of obesity/normal samples and FRGs to obtain obesity-ferroptosis related (OFR) DEGs. Then, key genes were screened by PPI network. Next, the correlation of key genes and differential immune cells between obesity and normal samples were further explored by immune infiltration analysis. Finally, microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA), transcription factor (TF)-mRNA networks and drug-gene interaction networks were constructed. As a result, 17 OFR DEGs were obtained, which mainly participated in processes such as lipid metabolism or adipocyte differentiation. The 4 key genes, STAT3, IL-6, PTGS2, and VEGFA, constituted the network. M2 macrophages, T cells CD8, mast cells activated, and T cells CD4 memory resting had significant differences between obesity and normal samples. Moreover, 51 miRNAs and 164 drugs were predicted for 4 key genes. All in all, this study has screened 4 FRGs, including IL-6, VEGFA, STAT3, and PTGS2, in obesity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ke Li
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Xing
- Pediatric Hematology and Digestive Department, Qu Jing Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Qujing, China
| | - Lan-Qing Ma
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Cao HJ, Jiang H, Ding K, Qiu XS, Ma N, Zhang FK, Wang YK, Zheng QW, Xia J, Ni QZ, Xu S, Zhu B, Ding XF, Chen TW, Qiu L, Chen W, Li ZG, Zhou B, Feng WM, Xie D, Li JJ. ARID2 mitigates hepatic steatosis via promoting the ubiquitination of JAK2. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:383-396. [PMID: 36396719 PMCID: PMC9950479 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a growing public health problem. However, the complicated pathogenesis of NAFLD contributes to the deficiency of effective clinical treatment. Here, we demonstrated that liver-specific loss of Arid2 induced hepatic steatosis and this progression could be exacerbated by HFD. Mechanistic study revealed that ARID2 repressed JAK2-STAT5-PPARγ signaling pathway by promoting the ubiquitination of JAK2, which was mediated by NEDD4L, a novel E3 ligase for JAK2. ChIP assay revealed that ARID2 recruited CARM1 to increase H3R17me2a level at the NEDD4L promoter and activated the transcription of NEDD4L. Moreover, inhibition of Jak2 by Fedratinib in liver-specific Arid2 knockout mice alleviated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Downregulation of ARID2 and the reverse correlation between ARID2 and JAK2 were also observed in clinical samples. Therefore, our study has revealed an important role of ARID2 in the development of NAFLD and provided a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Kai Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Song Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ning Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Feng-Kun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi-Kang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qian-Wen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qian-Zhi Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xu-Fen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tian-Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen-Ming Feng
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Yao JM, Ying HZ, Zhang HH, Qiu FS, Wu JQ, Yu CH. Exosomal RBP4 potentiated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in high-fat-diet-fed mice by promoting M1 polarization of Kupffer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:58-73. [PMID: 36572267 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes containing various biological cargoes have potential to be novel diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic diseases. In this study, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) was found to be enriched in serum exosomes, and its increased levels could be considered as an independent risk factor for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exosomal RBP4 (exo-RBP4), primarily derived from hepatocytes, significantly enhanced the M1-like polarization of Kupffer cells (KCs) via promoting the activation of NOX2 and NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, resulting in the over-production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α. Subsequently, those excess cytokines remarkably increased the levels of intracellular free fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and SREBP-1c) but decreased fatty acid degradation-related genes (CPT-1 and PPARα) in palmitic acid-treated LO2 cells. More notably, TNF-α significantly elevated RBP4 transcription by activating STAT3 in hepatocytes, playing a positive role in NAFLD development. Intravenous injection with RBP4 (50 μg/kg) potentiated hepatic lipid accumulation, M1-type KC proportion, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hepatic tissues of high-fat-diet-fed mice. Collectively, these data indicated that exo-RBP4 converted KCs to M1 subtype by mediating the NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway, subsequently promoting de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes by TNF-α secretion to activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, this study uncovered a novel intercellular communication between the inflammatory microenvironment and lipid metabolism for fostering NAFLD progression and found the potential of exo-RBP4 as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mei Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Jun-Qi Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Medical Group, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China; Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Dai S, Wang C, Zhao X, Ma C, Fu K, Liu Y, Peng C, Li Y. Cucurbitacin B: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106587. [PMID: 36460279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CuB, C32H46O8), the most abundant and active member of cucurbitacins, which are highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids. Cucurbitacins are widely distributed in a variety of plants and mainly isolated from plants in the Cucurbitaceae family. CuB is mostly obtained from the pedicel of Cucumis melo L. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that CuB has a broad range of pharmacological activities, with significant therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancers. In this study the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched from 1986 to 2022. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 98 out of 2484 articles were selected for a systematic review to comprehensively summarize the pharmacological activity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties of CuB. The results showed that CuB exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer activities mainly via regulating various signaling pathways, such as the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (JAK/STAT3), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase-2A/protein phosphatase-2A (CIP2A/PP2A), Wnt, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Notch, and Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathways. Studies of its toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties showed that CuB has non-specific toxicity and low bioavailability. In addition, derivatives and clinical applications of CuB are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - XingTao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Park SY, Kang HM, Oh JW, Choi YW, Park G. Cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-Induced Browning of White Adipocytes Is Promoted by the Inhibition of Phospholipase D2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15362. [PMID: 36499689 PMCID: PMC9740502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of white adipose tissue browning is not well understood; however, naturally occurring compounds are known to play a positive role. The effects of cucurbitacins B, E, and I on the browning of mature white adipocytes were investigated. First, the cell viability exhibited by cucurbitacins B, E, and I in pre- and mature adipocytes was verified. Cucurbitacins B, E, and I had no effect on cell viability in pre- and mature adipocytes at concentrations up to 300 nM. To investigate the characteristics of representative beige adipocytes, the formation and morphology of cucurbitacin B, E, and I lipid droplets were verified. The total lipid droplet surface area, maximum Feret diameter, and total Nile red staining intensity of cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-treated adipocytes were lower than those of mature white adipocytes. Furthermore, treatment of white mature adipocytes with cucurbitacin B, E, and I led to the formation of several small lipid droplets that are readily available for energy expenditure. We evaluated the effect of cucurbitacins B, E, and I on the expression of representative browning markers UCP1, PGC1a, and PRDM16, which participate in the browning of white adipose tissue. Cucurbitacins B, E, and I increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of UCP1, PGC1a, and PRDM16 in a concentration-dependent manner. To promote energy consumption by beige adipocytes, active mitochondrial biogenesis is essential. Next, we investigated the effects of cucurbitacin B, E, and I on mitochondrial biogenesis in mature adipocytes. Mitochondrial mass increased when mature adipocytes were treated with cucurbitacin B, E, and I. The degree of cucurbitacin B-, E- and I-induced transformation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes was in the order of Cu E > Cu B > Cu I. To verify the effect of phospholipase D2 on the browning of white adipocytes, CAY10594—a PLD2 pharmacological inhibitor, and a knockdown system were used. PLD2 inhibition and knockdown improved the expression levels of UCP1, PGC1a, and PRDM16. In addition, PLD2 inhibition and knockdown in mature white adipocytes promoted mitochondrial biosynthesis. The effect of PLD2 inhibition and knockdown on promoting browning of white adipocytes significantly increased when Cu B, Cu E, and Cu I were co-treated. These data indicate that mature white adipocytes’ beige properties were induced by cucurbitacins B, E, and I. These effects became more potent by the inhibition of PLD2. These findings provide a model for determining anti-obesity agents that induce browning and increase energy expenditure in mature white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Myrang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Myrang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Mikhailova EV, Derkach KV, Shpakov AO, Romanova IV. Melanocortin 1 Receptors in the Hypothalamus of Mice within the Norm and in Diet-Induced Obesity. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Liu H, Yu L, Shao B, Yin N, Li L, Tang R. Cucurbitacin E ameliorates airway remodelling by inhibiting nerve growth factor expression in nicotine-treated bronchial epithelial cells and mice: The key role of let-7c-5p up-regulated expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:34-44. [PMID: 35560511 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) shows potential to handle airway remodelling. In the current study, the effects of CuE on nicotine-induced airway remodelling were explored by focussing on its interaction with let-7c-5p/NGF axis. The potential microRNA (miR) as the therapeutic target for CuE treatment was determined using a microarray assay. Changes in viability, inflammation and let-7c-5p/NGF pathway in nicotine-treated bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were detected under CuE treatment (5 μM). The pathways were manipulated with let-7c-5p inhibitor. Mice were subjected to nicotine treatment and handled with CuE. Changes in pulmonary function and structure were detected. Based on the microarray data, let-7c-5p was selected as the therapeutic target. Viability and inflammation of BECs were induced by nicotine and then restored by CuE. At molecular level, nicotine suppressed let-7c-5p while induced NGF, FN1 and COLIA levels. The effects of CuE were counteracted by let-7c-5p inhibition. In a mouse model, nicotine impaired the function and structure of lung, which was attenuated by CuE and then re-impaired by let-7c-5p antagomir. Collectively, CuE protected against nicotine-induced airway remodelling and partially depended on the induction of let-7c-5p; our future work would pay more attention to other downstream effectors of the miR to promote the treatment of nicotine-induced pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Department of Emergency Department, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Biao Shao
- Department of Emergency Department, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Emergency Department, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Emergency Department, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaian Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
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11
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Han JH, Kim MT, Myung CS. Garcinia Cambogia Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Imbalance by Enhancing Calcium/CaMKII/AMPK/GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100669. [PMID: 35213784 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is known to have antiobesity effects. In this study, the therapeutic effects of G. cambogia on glucose homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes are explored and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS C2C12 myotubes are treated with G. cambogia; glucose uptake, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and related alterations in signaling pathways are examined. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are administered G. cambogia for 8 weeks; oral glucose tolerance is evaluated, and the regulation of identified targets of signaling pathways in quadriceps skeletal muscle are examined in vivo. G. cambogia increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and induces the upregulation of AMPK, ACC, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Notably, G. cambogia markedly elevates both intracellular Ca2+ levels, activating CaMKII, a Ca2+ -sensing protein, and TBC1D4-mediated GLUT4 translocation, to facilitate glucose uptake. Furthermore, high-glucose-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and signal transduction is reverted by G. cambogia. In an HFD-induced diabetes mouse model, G. cambogia administration results in significant blood glucose-lowering effects, which are attributed to the regulation of targets that have been identified in vitro, in quadricep skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which G. cambogia regulates glucose homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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12
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Komati A, Anand A, Nagendla NK, Madhusudana K, Mudiam MKR, Babu KS, Tiwari AK. Bombax ceiba
calyx displays antihyperglycemic activity via improving insulin secretion and sensitivity: Identification of bioactive phytometabolomes by UPLC‐QTof‐MS/MS. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1865-1881. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Komati
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Ajay Anand
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
- Carver College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University Of Iowa Iowa City USA
| | - Narendra Kumar Nagendla
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Kuncha Madhusudana
- Applied Biology Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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13
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Yang P, Lian Q, Fu R, Ding GB, Amin S, Li Z, Li Z. Cucurbitacin E Triggers Cellular Senescence in Colon Cancer Cells via Regulating the miR-371b-5p/TFAP4 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2936-2947. [PMID: 35192356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The induction of cellular senescence is considered as a potent strategy to suppress cancer progression. Cucurbitacin E (CE) belongs to the triterpenoids and has received substantial attention for its antineoplastic property. However, the function of CE on cellular senescence remained elusive. Herein, we revealed that CE significantly induced cellular senescence in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The CE effects on the cellular senescence in CRC cells were confirmed by observing the common features of the senescence, such as the enhanced activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, γ-H2AX positive staining, and upregulation of senescence-associated proteins including p53, p27, and p21. Moreover, CE exerted pro-senescent effects in CRC cells via attenuating the transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 4 (TFAP4) expression, and the ectopic expression of TFAP4 blocked the CE-induced senescence. Mechanistically, CE treatment caused a robust increase in miR-371b-5p, which markedly repressed TFAP4. In contrast, silencing of miR-371b-5p counteracted the percentages of CE-induced senescent cells from 37.49 ± 2.61 to 7.06 ± 0.91% in HCT-116 cells via derepressing TFAP4 to attenuate the expression of p53, p21, and p16. Altogether, these results demonstrated that dietary CE induces CRC cellular senescence via modulating the miR-371b-5p/TFAP4 axis and presents opportunities for potential therapeutic strategies against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qing Lian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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14
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Vedasree N, Peddanna K, Rajasekhar A, ParthaSarathi C, Munirajeswari P, Sireesha Y, Chippada AR. Efficacy of Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. &Schult. f. root tubers' active fraction as anti-diabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114856. [PMID: 34808300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. &Schult.f. is traditionally used as ethnomedicine for curing several ailments like diabetes, liver problems, ulcers, etc. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of Cyanotis tuberosa root tubers (CTRT)in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-hyperglycemic activity of hexane extract of CTRT was investigated in diabetic rats. Silica gel chromatography was used to fractionate the hexane extract and the fraction's antihyperglycemic activity was checked in diabetic rats. Effects of long-term (30 days) treatment with an active fraction (CTAF) were evaluated in diabetic rats for 30 days by measurement of body weights, glycemic control, insulin levels, HbA1c, and serum and tissue lipid profiles. Lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant status were measured in the liver and kidney. Hepatic and Renal functional markers were also measured. Phytochemical characterization of CTAF was carried out by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS Hexane extract of CTRT at a dose of 750 mg/kg b.w produced significant antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats whereas CTAF has produced maximum antihyperglycemic activity at the dose of 75 mg/kg b.w. Following long-term treatment with CTAF in diabetic rats, significant improvement in glycemic control, (HbA1c) along with decreased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), increase in body weights, and plasma insulin were observed. Also, CTAF ameliorated the serum and tissue lipid profiles. In addition, CTAF suppressed lipid peroxidation and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidney to normal levels. Further, CTAF reversed the liver and kidney functional markers to normalcy. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 7 different phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that CTAF exerts antidiabetic effects in diabetic rats by improving insulin secretion, glycemic control, and restoring functional activities of the liver and kidney. Our results suggest that root tubers of Cyanotis tuberosa can be used as a complementary or alternative agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalluri Vedasree
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kotha Peddanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Allagadda Rajasekhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Yallanki Sireesha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Appa Rao Chippada
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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15
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Talpo TC, Motta BP, Oliveira JOD, Figueiredo ID, Pinheiro CG, dos Santos CHC, Carvalho MGD, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Siolmatra brasiliensis stem extract ameliorates antioxidant defenses and mitigates glycoxidative stress in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Liu Z, Kumar M, Devi S, Kabra A. The Mechanisms of Cucurbitacin E as a Neuroprotective and Memory-Enhancing Agent in a Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model: Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Excitotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:794933. [PMID: 34955861 PMCID: PMC8703111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cerebral hemodynamic autoregulation, vasoconstriction, and cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions cause cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) that triggers pro-oxidative and inflammatory events. The sequences linked to ion-channelopathies and calcium and glutamatergic excitotoxicity mechanisms resulting in widespread brain damage and neurobehavioral deficits, including memory, neurological, and sensorimotor functions. The vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of cucurbitacin E (CuE) can alleviate CH-induced neurobehavioral impairments. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of CuE were explored in a rat model of CH. Wistar rats were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce CH on day 1 and administered CuE (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) and/or Bay-K8644 (calcium agonist, 0.5 mg/kg) for 28 days. CH caused impairment of neurological, sensorimotor, and memory functions that were ameliorated by CuE. CuE attenuated CH-triggered lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, protein carbonyls, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappaB, myeloperoxidase activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in brain resulting in a decrease in cell death biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-3). CuE decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, glutamate, and increased γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the brain. An increase in brain antioxidants was observed in CuE-treated rats subjected to CH. CuE has the potential to alleviate pathogenesis of CH and protect neurological, sensorimotor, and memory functions against CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Devi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Ambala, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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17
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Zhou B, Yuan Y, Shi L, Hu S, Wang D, Yang Y, Pan Y, Kong D, Shikov AN, Duez P, Jin M, Li X, Hu X. Creation of an Anti-Inflammatory, Leptin-Dependent Anti-Obesity Celastrol Mimic with Better Druggability. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705252. [PMID: 34526895 PMCID: PMC8435713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive body mass, but is also closely associated with metabolic syndrome. And, so far, only limited pharmacological treatments are available for obesity management. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from a traditional Chinese medicine (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.), has shown remarkable potency against obesity, inflammation and cancer, but its high toxicity, low natural abundance and tedious chemical synthesis hindered its translation into clinics. In the present work, a triterpenoid library was screened for compounds with both high natural abundance and structural similarity to celastrol; from this library, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a compound present in extremely high yields in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., was selected as a possible scaffold for a celastrol mimic active against obesity. A simple chemical modification of GA resulted in GA-02, a derivative that suppressed 68% of food intake in diet-induced obesity mice and led to 26.4% weight loss in 2 weeks. GA-02 plays a role in obesity treatment by re-activating leptin signaling and reducing systemic and, more importantly, hypothalamic inflammation. GA-02 was readily bioavailable with unnoticeable in vitro and in vivo toxicities. The strategy of scaffold search and modification on the basis of bio-content and structural similarity has proved to be a green, economic, efficient and practical way of widening the medicinal applications of “imperfect” bioactive natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Le Shi
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander N Shikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Moonsoo Jin
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Alves CDS, Frias HV, Bonamin LV, Correia MSF, Corrêa MG, Bondan EF, de Fátima M Martins M, Coelho CP, Bernardi MM, Suffredini IB. Luffa operculata at a late period of gestation dysregulates melatonin and cytokines interfering with weight of dams and their male offspring. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:113867. [PMID: 33892067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The tea made with the fruits of Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae; EBN) is popularly used as abortive. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work aimed at accessing how the exposition of female Wistar rats to 1.0 mg/kg of EBN (experimental group, EG), or distilled water (control group, CG), by gavage, at gestational days (GD) 17-21 interfered with the reproductive performance, and with dams' behavior after weaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS At post-natal day 2 (PND2), the number of male and female pups was evaluated, as well as their weight. After weaning (PND21), dams were euthanized, and their liver and kidneys were removed for histological and biochemical analyses, while the blood was used in the evaluation of cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, melatonin, AST, ALT and creatinine levels. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dams that were treated with EBN showed an anxiety-like behavior, weight loss at the end of gestation and weight gain at weaning, accompanied with a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and in the melatonin level. No significant histological or biochemical alterations have occurred in the liver or kidneys. The number of female pups was significantly higher in the EG. The male pups showed weight gain at PND60. CONCLUSION The presence of cucurbitacins is probably involved in the dysregulations that were found, due to their polycyclic steroid triterpene structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Dos S Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Humberto V Frias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Leoni V Bonamin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Michelle S F Correia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Monica G Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Bondan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria M Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Ivana B Suffredini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Extração, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil.
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19
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Trujillo‐Viera J, El‐Merahbi R, Schmidt V, Karwen T, Loza‐Valdes A, Strohmeyer A, Reuter S, Noh M, Wit M, Hawro I, Mocek S, Fey C, Mayer AE, Löffler MC, Wilhelmi I, Metzger M, Ishikawa E, Yamasaki S, Rau M, Geier A, Hankir M, Seyfried F, Klingenspor M, Sumara G. Protein Kinase D2 drives chylomicron-mediated lipid transport in the intestine and promotes obesity. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13548. [PMID: 33949105 PMCID: PMC8103097 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are the most energy-dense components of the diet, and their overconsumption promotes obesity and diabetes. Dietary fat content has been linked to the lipid processing activity by the intestine and its overall capacity to absorb triglycerides (TG). However, the signaling cascades driving intestinal lipid absorption in response to elevated dietary fat are largely unknown. Here, we describe an unexpected role of the protein kinase D2 (PKD2) in lipid homeostasis. We demonstrate that PKD2 activity promotes chylomicron-mediated TG transfer in enterocytes. PKD2 increases chylomicron size to enhance the TG secretion on the basolateral side of the mouse and human enterocytes, which is associated with decreased abundance of APOA4. PKD2 activation in intestine also correlates positively with circulating TG in obese human patients. Importantly, deletion, inactivation, or inhibition of PKD2 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes and improves gut microbiota profile in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PKD2 represents a key signaling node promoting dietary fat absorption and may serve as an attractive target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Trujillo‐Viera
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Rabih El‐Merahbi
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Till Karwen
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Angel Loza‐Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Akim Strohmeyer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Saskia Reuter
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Minhee Noh
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Izabela Hawro
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Sabine Mocek
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Christina Fey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC)Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC‐RT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mona C Löffler
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental DiabetologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC)Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC‐RT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Molecular ImmunologyResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Molecular ImmunologyImmunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular ImmunologyResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Molecular ImmunologyImmunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of HepatologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of HepatologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
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20
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Drissi F, Lahfa F, Gonzalez T, Peiretti F, Tanti JF, Haddad M, Fabre N, Govers R. A Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract acutely enhances insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing PKB phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113772. [PMID: 33418030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a common fruit in traditional medicine and used as remedy against various diseases, especially diabetes. Up to now, its anti-diabetic effects have been fully attributed to its enhancement of pancreatic insulin secretion. Whether C. colocynthis also ameliorates insulin action in peripheral tissues has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes as cell model, we have investigated whether colocynth fruit extracts affect insulin action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various extracts were prepared from the C. colocynthis fruit and screened using a cell-based 96 well plate GLUT4 translocation assay. Promising extracts were further studied for their effects on glucose uptake and cell viability. The effect on insulin signal transduction was determined by Western blot and the molecular composition was established by LC-MS. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous non-defatted extracts of seed and pulp, designated Sna1 and Pna1, acutely enhanced insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. In accordance, both extracts increased insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake. Pna1, which displayed greater effects on GLUT4 and glucose uptake than Sna1, was further investigated and was demonstrated to increase GLUT4 translocation without changing the half-maximum dose (ED50) of insulin, nor changing GLUT4 translocation kinetics. At the molecular level, Pna1 was found to enhance insulin-induced PKB phosphorylation without changing phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Pna1 appeared not to be toxic to cells and, like insulin, restored cell viability during serum starvation. By investigating the molecular composition of Pna1, nine compounds were identified that made up 87% of the mass of the extract, one of which is likely to be responsible for the insulin-enhancing effects of Pna1. CONCLUSIONS The C. colocynthis fruit possesses insulin-enhancing activity. This activity may explain in part its anti-diabetic effects in traditional medicine. It also identifies the C. colocynthis as a source of a potential novel insulin enhancer that may prove to be useful to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Drissi
- Department of Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Farid Lahfa
- Department of Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte D'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity", 06204, Nice, France.
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Roland Govers
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
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21
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Sharma S, Katoch V, Kumar S, Chatterjee S. Functional relationship of vegetable colors and bioactive compounds: Implications in human health. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108615. [PMID: 33705954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are essential protective diet ingredients that supply ample amounts of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, and various nutraceutical compounds for protection against various disease conditions. Color is the most important quality parameter for the farmers to access the harvest maturity while for the consumer's reliable indices to define acceptability or rejection. The colored vegetables contain functional compounds like chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains, anthocyanins, etc. well recognized for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, antiaging, diuretic, and antidiabetic properties. Recently, there has been a shift in food consumption patterns from processed to semi-processed or fresh fruits and vegetables to ensure a healthy disease-free life. This shifted the focus of agriculture scientists and food processors from food security to nutrition security. This has resulted in recent improvements to existing crops like blue tomato, orange cauliflower, colored and/or black carrots, with improved color, and thus enriched bioactive compounds. Exhaustive laboratory trials though are required to document and establish their minimum effective concentrations, bioavailability, and specific health benefits. Efforts should also be directed to breed color-rich cultivars or to improve the existing varieties through conventional and molecular breeding approaches. The present review has been devoted to a better understanding of vegetable colors with specific health benefits and to provide in-hand information about the effect of specific pigment on body organs, the effect of processing on their bioavailability, and recent improvements in colors to ensure a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062 (H.P.), India; MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan-173229 (H.P.), India.
| | - Viveka Katoch
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062 (H.P.), India
| | - Satish Kumar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, Mandi, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230 (H.P.), India
| | - Subhrajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Horticulture, MSSSOA, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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22
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Xie H, Tuo X, Zhang F, Bowen L, Zhao W, Xu Y. Dietary cucurbitacin E reduces high-strength altitude training induced oxidative stress, inflammation and immunosuppression. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200012. [PMID: 33206789 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional athletes conduct high-intensitive hypoxic training often accompanied by the increase of many inflammatory-related cytokines and immunosuppression. Cucurbitacin E (CucE), as a triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, exert potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. However, it is unknown whether that the CucE could be used as dietary supplement for athletes to improve inflammatory response and immunosuppression. In this study, we established the simulative hypoxic training rat and monkey models and evaluated the effects of CucE on immune- and inflammation-related factors. Obvious improvement on pro-inflammatory factors and pro-lymphocyte proliferation activities were showed in CucE treated rats compared with the control. Further supplement of CucE in professional meals for cynomolgus monkeys with 4-weeks high-intensitive hypoxic training also exert effects on altitude-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and immunologic function. Furtherly, we explored the underlying mechanism of CucE in human Jurkat T cells and results showed that CucE may exhibit immunosuppressive effect by attenuating critical cytokine expression through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, CucE is expected to be a potential dietary supplement for athletes to ameliorate the inflammation and immunosuppression caused by high-intensitive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Xie
- Department of sports training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xinling Tuo
- Department of sports, Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Youth Basketball Training Base, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Laura Bowen
- Guangdong Provincial Youth Basketball Training Base, Guangdong 510000, China.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Physical Training Research Center, Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College, Guangdong 510000, China.,Sports Medicine Center, Soochow University, Jiangsu 2150000, P.R. China
| | - Yuyou Xu
- Physical Training Research Center, Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College, Guangdong 510000, China
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23
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Brouwer IJ, Out-Luiting JJ, Vermeer MH, Tensen CP. Cucurbitacin E and I target the JAK/STAT pathway and induce apoptosis in Sézary cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100832. [PMID: 33102814 PMCID: PMC7569298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and leukemias (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. These are characterized by an accumulation of malignant CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Novel treatment options are needed for patients who progress to advanced stage disease. Cucurbitacin I has previously shown promising results in Sézary syndrome (Sz). A plethora of cucurbitacins, however, have not yet been tested in CTCL. Herein, we investigated the effect of cucurbitacin E and I in two CTCL cell lines. We show that both cucurbitacins decrease viability and cause apoptosis in these cell lines, although HuT-78 was more affected than SeAx (IC50 of 17.38 versus 22.01 μM for cucurbitacin E and 13.36 versus 24.47 μM for cucurbitacin I). Moreover, both cucurbitacins decrease viability of primary cells of a Sz patient (56.46% for cucurbitacin E and 59.07% for cucurbitacin I). Furthermore, while JAK2 inhibition leads to decreased viability in SeAx cells (IC50 of 9.98 and 29.15 μM for AZD1480 and ruxolitinib respectively), both JAK1 and JAK3 do not. This suggests that JAK2 has a preferential role in promoting survival. Western blotting in SeAx cells revealed that both cucurbitacins inhibit STAT3 activation (P < 0.0001), while only cucurbitacin I inhibits STAT5 activation (P = 0.05). This suggests that STAT3 plays a preferential role in the mechanism of action of these cucurbitacins. Nevertheless, a role of STAT5 and JAK2 cannot be excluded and should be explored further. This knowledge could contribute to the development of effective therapies for CTCL and other malignancies involving dysfunction of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cucurbitacin E and I decrease viability and cause apoptosis in Sézary cell lines Both cucurbitacins decrease viability of primary cells of a Sézary patient STAT3 appears to play a role in the mechanism of action of cucurbitacin E and I
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella J Brouwer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacoba J Out-Luiting
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Xu Q, Qi W, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ding S, Han X, Zhao Y, Song X, Zhao T, Zhou L, Ye L. DNA methylation of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ regulated the changes of lipid levels induced by di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and high-fat diet in adolescent rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30232-30242. [PMID: 32451896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and high-fat diet (HFD) could induce lipid metabolic disorder. This study was undertaken to identify the effect of DNA methylation of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ on lipid metabolic disorder induced by DEHP and HFD. Wistar rats were divided into a normal diet (ND) group and HFD group. Each diet group treated with DEHP (0, 5, 50, 500 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks' gavage. The DNA-methylated levels of PPARγ, JAK3, STAT5a, and STAT5b in rats' livers and adipose were analyzed with MethylTarget. The lipid levels of rats' livers and adipose were detected with ELISA. Results showed in ND group that the DNA methylation levels of PPARγ, JAK3 in livers, and STAT5b in adipose were lower in 500 mg/kg/d group than the control. And the level of total cholesterol (TC) in adipose was higher in 500 mg/kg/d group than the control. In HFD group, the DNA methylation level of JAK3 was the lowest in livers and the highest in adipose in 50 mg/kg/d group. And the level of TC in livers was the lowest in 50 mg/kg/d group. In the 500 mg/kg/d group, the DNA methylation level of STAT5b was lower in livers and higher in adipose in HFD group than that in ND group. And the levels of TC in livers were lower in HFD group than those in ND group. Therefore, DNA methylation of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ regulated the changes in lipid levels induced by DEHP and HFD in adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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25
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Shang J, Liu W, Yin C, Chu H, Zhang M. Cucurbitacin E ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-evoked injury, inflammation and MUC5AC expression in bronchial epithelial cells by restraining the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:571-577. [PMID: 31525576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of airway affecting people from childhood to old age, and is characterized by airway epithelial dysfunction. Cucurbitacin E (CuE), a tetracyclic triterpene isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, has been recently proved to exert anti-inflammation and immunology regulation activities. Nevertheless, its roles in asthma remains poorly defined. In the current study, CuE had little cytotoxicity on cell viability of human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure inhibited cell viability and induced cell apoptosis, which was reversed following CuE pretreatment. Additionally, CuE administration suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Simultaneously, supplementation with CuE decreased the transcripts and releases of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells. Intriguingly, CuE inhibited LPS-evoked activation of the high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1)-TLR4-NF-κB signaling by reducing the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and p-p65 NF-κB. Notably, restoring this pathway by elevating HMGB1 expression largely offset the protective function of CuE against LPS-triggered cell injury, inflammatory response and MUC5AC expression. Consequently, these findings highlight that CuE can ameliorate human bronchial epithelial cell insult and inflammation under LPS-simulated asthmatic conditions by blocking the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling, thereby supporting its usefulness as a promising therapeutic agent against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Children's Health Care, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, XIAN NO.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710002, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China
| | - Haiping Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, XIAN NO.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710002, PR China
| | - Meizhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China
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26
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Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity by decreasing adipocyte hypertrophy. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:466-474. [PMID: 31164723 PMCID: PMC6891142 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Obesity, an emerging global health issue, involves numerous factors; understanding its underlying mechanisms for prevention and therapeutics is urgently needed. Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1) knockout (CKO) mice exhibit an obese phenotype under normal diet feedings, which prompted us to propose that Crabp1 could play a role in modulating adipose tissue development/homeostasis. Studies were designed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Crabp1’s action in reducing obesity. Subjects/methods In animal studies, 6 weeks old male wild type and CKO mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Body weight and food intake were regularly monitored. Glucose tolerance test and biological parameters of plasma (glucose and insulin levels) were measured after 10 weeks of ND vs. HFD feedings. Visceral adipose tissues were collected for histological and molecular analyses to determine affected signaling pathways. In cell culture studies, the 3T3L1 adipocyte differentiation model was used to examine and validate relevant signaling pathways. Results CKO mice, compared to WT mice, gained more body weight, exhibited more elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, and developed more severe impaired glucose tolerance under both ND and HFD. Histological examination revealed readily increased adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue inflammation under HFD feedings. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, Crabp1 silencing enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation, accompanied by elevated markers and signaling pathways of lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. Conclusions This study identifies Crabp1’s physiological role against the development of obesity. The protective function of CRABP1 is likely attributed to its classically proposed (canonical) activity as a trap for RA, which will reduce RA availability, thereby dampening RA-stimulated ERK1/2 activation and adipocyte hypertrophy. The results suggest Crabp1 as a potentially new therapeutic target in managing obesity and metabolic diseases.
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27
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A new indanedione derivative alleviates symptoms of diabetes by modulating RAGE-NF-kappaB pathway in db/db mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:863-870. [PMID: 29778537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that a number of tissues are damaged due to build-up of abnormal amount of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) in several diseases including diabetes. Currently AGE inhibitors are scarce in clinical use indicating a need for development of new anti-AGE agents. The aim of the current study is to identify the new AGE inhibitors and to decipher their mechanism of action for alleviating symptoms of diabetes in mice. Among several derivatives, one of the derivatives of indanedione, IDD-24 demonstrated highest inhibition of AGE formation and AGE mediated reactive oxygen species production in HepG-2 and mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In mice treated with IDD-24, reduction in serum AGE formation and expression of Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) was seen in IDD-24 treated db/db mice. In vivo, glycogen synthesis was also increased in muscle tissue. In adipocytes, anti-AGE agent restored AGEs' induced diminished glucose uptake in fat cells. Mice treated with IDD-24 exhibited increased glucose tolerance, increaed serum adiponectin levels and decreased insulin resistance. Deciphering mechanism of IDD-24 in diabetic mice, it was observed that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and serine phosphorylation of Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) declined, while diminished activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) appears to be partly responsible for restoration of insulin signaling. We conclude that IDD-24 can be a possible treatment target to address symptoms of diabetes.
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