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Kalliolias GD, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. How to improve translatability and clinical relevance of preclinical studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 2024; 171:440-443. [PMID: 38148686 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George D Kalliolias
- Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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2
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Bioinformatic Analysis of the CXCR2 Ligands in Cancer Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13287. [PMID: 37686093 PMCID: PMC10487711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human CXCR2 has seven ligands, i.e., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, and CXCL8/IL-8-chemokines with nearly identical properties. However, no available study has compared the contribution of all CXCR2 ligands to cancer progression. That is why, in this study, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis using the GEPIA, UALCAN, and TIMER2.0 databases to investigate the role of CXCR2 ligands in 31 different types of cancer, including glioblastoma, melanoma, and colon, esophageal, gastric, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. We focused on the differences in the regulation of expression (using the Tfsitescan and miRDB databases) and analyzed mutation types in CXCR2 ligand genes in cancers (using the cBioPortal). The data showed that the effect of CXCR2 ligands on prognosis depends on the type of cancer. CXCR2 ligands were associated with EMT, angiogenesis, recruiting neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment, and the count of M1 macrophages. The regulation of the expression of each CXCR2 ligand was different and, thus, each analyzed chemokine may have a different function in cancer processes. Our findings suggest that each type of cancer has a unique pattern of CXCR2 ligand involvement in cancer progression, with each ligand having a unique regulation of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
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3
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Ayo TE, Adhikari P, Xu H. TNFR1 links TNF exocytosis to TNF production in allergen-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110607. [PMID: 36690134 PMCID: PMC10122983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the maximal production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF or TNFα) in antigen-activated RBL-2H3 cells (a tumor analog of mucosal mast cells) requires Munc13-4, a regulator of exocytic fusion. In this study, we investigated the involvement of various fusion catalysts in TNF production. We observed a strong correlation between the total TNF level and TNF exocytosis in RBL-2H3 cells. RT-qPCR shows that TNFR1 (TNF receptor 1) is the sole TNFR expressed in these cells, and that its transcription is upregulated upon allergen-mediated activation. Importantly, the addition of soluble TNFR1 inhibits antigen-elicited TNF production in a dosage-dependent fashion. Likewise, TNF production is diminished in the presence of TACE (TNFα Converting Enzyme) inhibitor KP-457, which prevents the generation of soluble TNF (sTNF). Together, these findings indicate that sTNF and TNFR1 function as autocrine agent and receptor respectively at the mast cell surface to boost TNF proliferation during allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope E Ayo
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States of America
| | - Pratikshya Adhikari
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States of America
| | - Hao Xu
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States of America.
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4
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Liu C, Fan F, Zhong L, Su J, Zhang Y, Tu Y. Elucidating the material basis and potential mechanisms of Ershiwuwei Lvxue Pill acting on rheumatoid arthritis by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and network pharmacology. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262469. [PMID: 35130279 PMCID: PMC8820630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ershiwuwei Lvxue Pill (ELP, མགྲིན་མཚལ་ཉེར་ལྔ།), a traditional Tibetan medicine preparation, has been used hundreds of years for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the highland region of Tibet, China. Nevertheless, its chemical composition and therapeutic mechanism are unclear. This study aimed to uncover the potentially effective components of ELP and the pharmacological mechanisms against RA by combing UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and network pharmacology. In this study, 96 compounds of ELP were identified or tentatively characterized based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Then, a total of 22 potential bioactive compounds were screened by TCMSP with oral bioavailability and drug-likeness. Preliminarily, 10 crucial targets may be associated with RA through protein-protein interaction network analysis. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that ELP exerted anti-RA effects probably by synergistically regulating many biological pathways, such as PI3K-Akt, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT, MAPK, TNF, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, good molecular docking scores were highlighted between five promising bioactive compounds (ellagic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, coptisine) and five core targets (PTGS2, STAT3, VEGFA, MAPK3, TNF). Overall, ELP can exert its anti-RA activity via multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel mechanisms of action. However, further studies are needed to validate the biological processes and effect pathways of ELP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhong
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinsong Su
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Tu
- Development Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Häger SC, Dias C, Sønder SL, Olsen AV, da Piedade I, Heitmann ASB, Papaleo E, Nylandsted J. Short-term transcriptomic response to plasma membrane injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19141. [PMID: 34580330 PMCID: PMC8476590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair mechanisms are activated within seconds post-injury to promote rapid membrane resealing in eukaryotic cells and prevent cell death. However, less is known about the regeneration phase that follows and how cells respond to injury in the short-term. Here, we provide a genome-wide study into the mRNA expression profile of MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to injury by digitonin, a mild non-ionic detergent that permeabilizes the plasma membrane. We focused on the early transcriptional signature and found a time-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed (> twofold, P < 0.05) genes (34, 114 and 236 genes at 20-, 40- and 60-min post-injury, respectively). Pathway analysis highlighted a robust and gradual three-part transcriptional response: (1) prompt activation of immediate-early response genes, (2) activation of specific MAPK cascades and (3) induction of inflammatory and immune pathways. Therefore, plasma membrane injury triggers a rapid and strong stress and immunogenic response. Our meta-analysis suggests that this is a conserved transcriptome response to plasma membrane injury across different cell and injury types. Taken together, our study shows that injury has profound effects on the transcriptome of wounded cells in the regeneration phase (subsequent to membrane resealing), which is likely to influence cellular status and has been previously overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Christin Häger
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Lauritzen Sønder
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Vidas Olsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle da Piedade
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Busk Heitmann
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Forrester HB, Lobachevsky PN, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Martin OA, Sprung CN. Abscopal Gene Expression in Response to Synchrotron Radiation Indicates a Role for Immunological and DNA Damage Response Genes. Radiat Res 2021; 194:678-687. [PMID: 32991732 DOI: 10.1667/rade-19-00014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abscopal effects are an important aspect of targeted radiation therapy due to their implication in normal tissue toxicity from chronic inflammatory responses and mutagenesis. Gene expression can be used to determine abscopal effects at the molecular level. Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy utilizing high-intensity X rays collimated into planar microbeams is a promising cancer treatment due to its reported ability to ablate tumors with less damage to normal tissues compared to conventional broadbeam radiation therapy techniques. The low scatter of synchrotron radiation enables microbeams to be delivered to tissue effectively, and is also advantageous for out-of-field studies because there is minimal interference from scatter. Mouse legs were irradiated at a dose rate of 49 Gy/s and skin samples in the out-of-field areas were collected. The out-of-field skin showed an increase in Tnf expression and a decrease in Mdm2 expression, genes associated with inflammation and DNA damage. These expression effects from microbeam exposure were similar to those found with broadbeam exposure. In immune-deficient Ccl2 knockout mice, we identified a different gene expression profile which showed an early increase in Mdm2, Tgfb1, Tnf and Ccl22 expression in out-of-field skin that was not observed in the immune-proficient mice. Our results suggest that the innate immune system is involved in out-of-field tissue responses and alterations in the immune response may not eliminate abscopal effects, but could change them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pavel N Lobachevsky
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Advanced Analytical Technologies, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew W Stevenson
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Australia.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Chronic exposure to TNF reprograms cell signaling pathways in fibroblast-like synoviocytes by establishing long-term inflammatory memory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20297. [PMID: 33219307 PMCID: PMC7679373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chronic inflammation induces transcriptomic and epigenetic modifications that imparts a persistent catabolic phenotype to the FLS, despite their dissociation from the inflammatory environment. We analyzed high throughput gene expression and chromatin accessibility data from human and mouse FLS from our and other studies available on public repositories, with the goal of identifying the persistently reprogrammed signaling pathways driven by chronic inflammation. We found that the gene expression changes induced by short-term tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) treatment were largely sustained in the FLS exposed to chronic inflammation. These changes that included both activation and repression of gene expression, were accompanied by the remodeling of chromatin accessibility. The sustained activated genes (SAGs) included established pro-inflammatory signaling components known to act at multiple levels of NF-kappaB, STAT and AP-1 signaling cascades. Interestingly, the sustained repressed genes (SRGs) included critical mediators and targets of the BMP signaling pathway. We thus identified sustained repression of BMP signaling as a unique constituent of the long-term inflammatory memory induced by chronic inflammation. We postulate that simultaneous targeting of these activated and repressed signaling pathways may be necessary to combat RA persistence.
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Valin A, Del Rey MJ, Municio C, Usategui A, Romero M, Fernández-Felipe J, Cañete JD, Blanco FJ, Ruano Y, Criado G, Pablos JL. IL6/sIL6R regulates TNFα-inflammatory response in synovial fibroblasts through modulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:74. [PMID: 33126846 PMCID: PMC7596982 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical efficacy of specific interleukin-6 inhibitors has confirmed the central role of IL6 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However the local role of IL6, in particular in synovial fibroblasts (SF) as a direct cellular target to IL6/sIL6R signal is not well characterized. The purpose of the study was to characterize the crosstalk between TNFα and IL6/sIL6R signaling to the effector pro-inflammatory response of SF. Methods SF lines were stimulated with either TNFα, IL6/sIL6R, or both together, for the time and dose indicated for each experiment, and where indicated, cells were treated with inhibitors actinomycin D, adalimumab, ruxolitinib and cycloheximide. mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Level of IL8/CXCL8 and CCL8 in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells migration assays were assessed by transwell using conditioned medium from SF cultures. Statistical analyses were performed as indicated in the corresponding figure legends and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The stimulation of SF with IL6/sIL6R and TNFα, cooperatively promotes the expression of mono- and lymphocytic chemokines such as IL6, CCL8 and CCL2, as well as matrix degrading enzymes such as MMP1, while inhibiting the induction of central neutrophil chemokines such as IL8/CXCL8. These changes in the pattern of chemokines expression resulted in reduced polymorphonuclear (PMN) and increased mononuclear cells (MNC) chemoattraction by SF. Mechanistic analyses of the temporal expression of genes demonstrated that the cooperative regulation mediated by these two factors is mostly induced through de novo transcriptional mechanisms activated by IL6/sIL6R. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that TNFα and IL6/sIL6R cooperation is partially mediated by the expression of secondary factors signaling through JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions These results point out to a highly orchestrated response to IL6 in TNFα-induced SF and provide additional insights into the role of IL6/sIL6R in the context of RA, highlighting the contribution of IL6/sIL6R to the interplay of SF with other inflammatory cells. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12860-020-00317-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Valin
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. .,Present Address: Springer Healthcare Iberica SL, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel J Del Rey
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Municio
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Usategui
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Romero
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Unitat d'Artritis, Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Laboratorio de Investigación Osteoarticular y del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ruano
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. .,Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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Jiang F, Zhou HY, Zhou LF, Zeng W, Zhao LH. IRF9 Affects the TNF-Induced Phenotype of Rheumatoid-Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via Regulation of the SIRT-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 209:110-119. [PMID: 32772027 DOI: 10.1159/000508405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss how IRF9 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in TNF-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via the SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS RA-FLS were isolated and divided into control, sh-IRF9, TNF, TNF + sh-Ctrl, TNF + sh-IRF9, TNF + sh-SIRT1, and TNF + sh-IRF9 + sh-SIRT1 groups. Biological features of FLS were evaluated by MTT, wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cycle were assessed flow cytometrically. Inflammatory cytokines were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while IRF9 expression and SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway activity were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS TNF increased IRF9 expression as well as NF-κB signaling activity and down-regulated SIRT1 of RA-FLS. Silencing IRF9 resulted in up-regulation of SIRT1 and blocked NF-κB signaling, with significant decreases in TNF-induced cell viability, migration, and invasion, prominent enhancement in apoptosis and the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase, but a decrease in the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, these changes were totally abolished after silencing SIRT1, i.e., the IRF9 shRNA-induced inhibitory effect on the growth of RA-FLS was reversed. CONCLUSION Silencing IRF9 curbs the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway via up-regulating SIRT-1, to further suppress TNF-induced changes in the malignant features of RA-FLS, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, with the promoted apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou Maternal-Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China,
| | - Li-Fang Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Han Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Nygaard G, Firestein GS. Restoring synovial homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:316-333. [PMID: 32393826 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated disease that primarily affects the synovium of diarthrodial joints. During the course of RA, the synovium transforms into a hyperplastic invasive tissue that causes destruction of cartilage and bone. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which form the lining of the joint, are epigenetically imprinted with an aggressive phenotype in RA and have an important role in these pathological processes. In addition to producing the extracellular matrix and joint lubricants, FLS in RA produce pathogenic mediators such as cytokines and proteases that contribute to disease pathogenesis and perpetuation. The development of multi-omics integrative analyses have enabled new ways to dissect the mechanisms that imprint FLS, have helped to identify potential FLS subsets with distinct functions and have identified differences in FLS phenotypes between joints in individual patients. This Review provides an overview of advances in understanding of FLS biology and highlights omics approaches and studies that hold promise for identifying future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyrid Nygaard
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
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11
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Discrepancy between Jun/Fos Proto-Oncogene mRNA and Protein Expression in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Membrane. J 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/j3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease characterized by overexpression of pro-inflammatory/pro-destructive mediators, whose regulation has been the focus of our previous studies. Since the expression of these proteins commonly depends on AP-1, the expression of the AP-1-forming subunits cJun, JunB, JunD, and cFos was assessed in synovial membrane (SM) samples of RA, osteoarthritis (OA), joint trauma (JT), and normal controls (NC) using ELISA and qRT-PCR. With respect to an observed discrepancy between mRNA and protein levels, the expression of the mRNA stability-modifying factors AU-rich element RNA-binding protein (AUF)-1, tristetraprolin (TTP), and human antigen R (HuR) was measured. JunB and JunD protein expression was significantly higher in RA-SM compared to OA and/or NC. By contrast, jun/fos mRNA expression was significantly (cjun) or numerically decreased (junB, junD, cfos) in RA and OA compared to JT and/or NC. Remarkably, TTP and HuR were also affected by discrepancies between their mRNA and protein levels, since they were significantly decreased at the mRNA level in RA versus NC, but significantly or numerically increased at the protein level when compared to JT and NC. Discrepancies between the mRNA and protein expression for Jun/Fos and TTP/HuR suggest broad alterations of post-transcriptional processes in the RA-SM. In this context, increased levels of mRNA-destabilizing TTP may contribute to the low levels of jun/fos and ttp/hur mRNA, whereas abundant mRNA-stabilizing HuR may augment translation of the remaining mRNA into protein with potential consequences for the composition of the resulting AP-1 complexes and the expression of AP-1-dependent genes in RA.
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12
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Vlachogiannis NI, Gatsiou A, Silvestris DA, Stamatelopoulos K, Tektonidou MG, Gallo A, Sfikakis PP, Stellos K. Increased adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2020; 106:102329. [PMID: 31493964 PMCID: PMC7479519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing of Alu retroelements is a primate-specific mechanism mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) that diversifies transcriptome by changing selected nucleotides in RNA molecules. We tested the hypothesis that A-to-I RNA editing is altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Synovium expression analysis of ADAR1 was investigated in 152 RA patients and 50 controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from 14 healthy subjects and 19 patients with active RA at baseline and after 12-week treatment were examined for ADAR1p150 and ADAR1p110 isoform expression by RT-qPCR. RNA editing activity was analysed by AluSx+ Sanger-sequencing of cathepsin S, an extracellular matrix degradation enzyme involved in antigen presentation. RESULTS ADAR1 was significantly over-expressed in RA synovium regardless of disease duration. Similarly, ADAR1p150 isoform expression was significantly increased in the blood of active RA patients. Individual nucleotide analysis revealed that A-to-I RNA editing rate was also significantly increased in RA patients. Both baseline ADAR1p150 expression and individual adenosine RNA editing rate of cathepsin S AluSx+ decreased after treatment only in those patients with good clinical response. Upregulation of the expression and/or activity of the RNA editing machinery were associated with a higher expression of edited Alu-enriched genes including cathepsin S and TNF receptor-associated factors 1,2,3 and 5. CONCLUSION A previously unrecognized regulation and role of ADAR1p150-mediated A-to-I RNA editing in post-transcriptional control in RA underpins therapeutic response and fuels inflammatory gene expression, thus representing an interesting therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Hub, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Hub, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angela Gallo
- RNA Editing Lab, Oncohaematology Dept., Children Hospital Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Hub, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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13
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Repression of eEF2K transcription by NF-κB tunes translation elongation to inflammation and dsDNA-sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22583-22590. [PMID: 31636182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909143116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is rapidly remodeled by infection and inflammation in part via transcription factor NF-κB activation and regulated protein synthesis. While protein synthesis is largely controlled by mRNA translation initiation, whether cellular translation elongation factors are responsive to inflammation and infection remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal a surprising mechanism whereby NF-κB restricts phosphorylation of the critical translation elongation factor eEF2, which catalyzes the protein synthesis translocation step. Upon exposure to NF-κB-activating stimuli, including TNFα, human cytomegalovirus infection, or double-stranded DNA, eEF2 phosphorylation on Thr56, which slows elongation to limit protein synthesis, and the overall abundance of eEF2 kinase (eEF2K) are reduced. Significantly, this reflected a p65 NF-κB subunit-dependent reduction in eEF2K pre-mRNA, indicating that NF-κB activation represses eEF2K transcription to decrease eEF2K protein levels. Finally, we demonstrate that reducing eEF2K abundance regulates protein synthesis in response to a bacterial toxin that inactivates eEF2. This establishes that NF-κB activation by diverse physiological effectors controls eEF2 activity via a transcriptional repression mechanism that reduces eEF2K polypeptide abundance to preclude eEF2 phosphorylation, thereby stimulating translation elongation and protein synthesis. Moreover, it illustrates how nuclear transcription regulation shapes translation elongation factor activity and exposes how eEF2 is integrated into innate immune response networks orchestrated by NF-κB.
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14
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CXCL4 is a driver of cytokine mRNA stability in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:524-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive systemic disease of the connective tissue, which is particularly manifested with destructive alterations to the joints. Inflammatory reactions in the synovium lead to the influx of peripheral inflammatory cells as well as the activation of local cells. Released growth factors, chemokines and especially cytokines play a key role in chronic inflammatory responses. In addition to the central lymphocytes, the T and B cells and their subpopulations, locally resident cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts as well as cells of bone metabolism are activated by the inflammatory milieu and contribute to and drive inflammation and tissue damage. The destruction of cartilage and bone substance by local tissue cells, synovial fibroblasts and osteoclasts is characteristic for this disease. Untreated, the local inflammatory and destructive processes as well as systemic inflammatory factors lead to progressive and irreversible joint destruction. Cellular and immunological processes in RA are closely interwoven; therefore, besides the general inhibition of immunological processes, specific inhibition of central key molecules can reduce or completely stop the inflammatory destructive processes; however, a high heterogeneity can be observed among RA patients and disease progression. Therefore, an expansion of the therapeutic options is desirable as not all patients are able to equally benefit from the therapeutic treatment. It is important to characterize new molecular mechanisms, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic options. Some of the more recent insights are summarized in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neumann
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland.
| | - K Frommer
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
| | - M Diller
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
| | - U Müller-Ladner
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
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16
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Loh C, Park SH, Lee A, Yuan R, Ivashkiv LB, Kalliolias GD. TNF-induced inflammatory genes escape repression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1205-1214. [PMID: 31097419 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated genome-wide changes in gene expression and chromatin remodelling induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and macrophages to better understand the contribution of FLS to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS FLS were purified from patients with RA and CD14+ human monocyte-derived macrophages were obtained from healthy donors. RNA-sequencing, histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and assay for transposable accessible chromatin by high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were performed in control and TNF-stimulated cells. RESULTS We discovered 280 TNF-inducible arthritogenic genes which are transiently expressed and subsequently repressed in macrophages, but in RA, FLS are expressed with prolonged kinetics that parallel the unremitting kinetics of RA synovitis. 80 out of these 280 fibroblast-sustained genes (FSGs) that escape repression in FLS relative to macrophages were desensitised (tolerised) in macrophages. Epigenomic analysis revealed persistent H3K27 acetylation and increased chromatin accessibility in regulatory elements associated with FSGs in TNF-stimulated FLS. The accessible regulatory elements of FSGs were enriched in binding motifs for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs) and activating protein-1 (AP-1). Inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins, which interact with histone acetylation, suppressed sustained induction of FSGs by TNF. CONCLUSION Our genome-wide analysis has identified the escape of genes from transcriptional repression in FLS as a novel mechanism potentially contributing to the chronic unremitting synovitis observed in RA. Our finding that TNF induces sustained chromatin activation in regulatory elements of the genes that escape repression in RA FLS suggests that altering or targeting chromatin states in FLS (eg, with inhibitors of BET proteins) is an attractive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Loh
- David Z Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- David Z Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Lee
- David Z Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- David Z Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- David Z Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - George D Kalliolias
- David Z Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA .,Arthritis & Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Jin Z, Zhang JD, Wu X, Cao G. Metabolomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of a Chinese herbal formula on collagen-induced arthritis mice. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3716-3725. [PMID: 35518061 PMCID: PMC9060292 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wenjinghuoluo (WJHL) prescription, the typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment compound in traditional Chinese medicine, shows favorable efficacy. The precise mechanism of WJHL on RA therapy is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine the metabolic biomarkers in the early onset of RA and evaluate the regulation effect of WJHL on metabolite levels. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 93 biomarkers by precise MS/MS. These biomarkers played an important role in the regulation of key metabolic pathways associated with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A total of 68 biomarkers were related to the treatment of CIA by WJHL therapy. In addition, pathway analysis results showed six and three significant related pathways according to corresponding differential metabolites before and after WJHL therapy. Finally, disease and function prediction of ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and carbohydrate metabolism were associated functions of WJHL therapy on CIA. Furthermore, top analysis-ready molecules of up-regulated thiamine and down-regulated arachidonic acid maybe the most related metabolites of WJHL therapy on CIA. The present work indicates that a metabolomics platform provides a new insight into understanding the mechanisms of action of natural medicines, such as WJHL. Wenjinghuoluo (WJHL) prescription, the typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment compound in traditional Chinese medicine, shows favorable efficacy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Ji-da Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou
- China
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18
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Angiolilli C, Kabala PA, Grabiec AM, Rossato M, Lai WS, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Steinkühler C, Blackshear PJ, Reedquist KA, Baeten DL, Radstake TRDJ. Control of cytokine mRNA degradation by the histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes: beyond transcriptional regulation. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:148. [PMID: 30029685 PMCID: PMC6053802 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) suppress cytokine production in immune and stromal cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated the effects of the HDACi givinostat (ITF2357) on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory markers in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). METHODS The effects of ITF2357 on the expression and messenger RNA (mRNA) stability of IL-1β-inducible genes in FLS were analyzed using array-based qPCR and Luminex. The expression of primary and mature cytokine transcripts, the mRNA levels of tristetraprolin (TTP, or ZFP36) and other AU-rich element binding proteins (ARE-BP) and the cytokine profile of fibroblasts derived from ZFP36+/+ and ZFP36-/- mice was measured by qPCR. ARE-BP silencing was performed by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown, and TTP post-translational modifications were analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS ITF2357 reduced the expression of 85% of the analyzed IL-1β-inducible transcripts, including cytokines (IL6, IL8), chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL10), matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP1, ADAMTS1) and other inflammatory mediators. Analyses of mRNA stability demonstrated that ITF2357 accelerates IL6, IL8, PTGS2 and CXCL2 mRNA degradation, a phenomenon associated with the enhanced transcription of TTP, but not other ARE-BP, and the altered post-translational status of TTP protein. TTP knockdown potentiated cytokine production in RA FLS and murine fibroblasts, which in the latter case was insensitive to inhibition by ITF2357 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies that regulation of cytokine mRNA stability is a predominant mechanism underlying ITF2357 anti-inflammatory properties, occurring via regulation of TTP. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of ITF2357 in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Angiolilli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pawel A Kabala
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Paolo Mascagni
- Italfarmaco Research and Development, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Retinoid interferon-induced mortality19 (GRIM19) inhibits proliferation and invasion in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:719-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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