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Jin SO, Mérida I, Stavropoulos I, Elwes RDC, Lam T, Guedj E, Girard N, Costes N, Hammers A. Characterisation of a novel [ 18F]FDG brain PET database and combination with a second database for optimising detection of focal abnormalities, using focal cortical dysplasia as an example. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:98. [PMID: 37964137 PMCID: PMC10645721 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain [18F]FDG PET is used clinically mainly in the presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery and in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. While scans are usually interpreted visually on an individual basis, comparison against normative cohorts allows statistical assessment of abnormalities and potentially higher sensitivity for detecting abnormalities. Little work has been done on out-of-sample databases (acquired differently to the patient data). Combination of different databases would potentially allow better power and discrimination. We fully characterised an unpublished healthy control brain [18F]FDG PET database (Marseille, n = 60, ages 21-78 years) and compared it to another publicly available database (MRXFDG, n = 37, ages 23-65 years). We measured and then harmonised spatial resolution and global values. A collection of patient scans (n = 34, 13-48 years) with histologically confirmed focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) obtained on three generations of scanners was used to estimate abnormality detection rates using standard software (statistical parametric mapping, SPM12). RESULTS Regional SUVs showed similar patterns, but global values and resolutions were different as expected. Detection rates for the FCDs were 50% for comparison with the Marseille database and 53% for MRXFDG. Simply combining both databases worsened the detection rate to 41%. After harmonisation of spatial resolution, using a full factorial design matrix to accommodate global differences, and leaving out controls older than 60 years, we achieved detection rates of up to 71% for both databases combined. Detection rates were similar across the three scanner types used for patients, and high for patients whose MRI had been normal (n = 10/11). CONCLUSIONS As expected, global and regional data characteristics are database specific. However, our work shows the value of increasing database size and suggests ways in which database differences can be overcome. This may inform analysis via traditional statistics or machine learning, and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Omer Jin
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK
| | - Inés Mérida
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodale et Pluridisciplinaire en Imagerie du Vivant (CERMEP), Lyon, France
| | - Ioannis Stavropoulos
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert D C Elwes
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tanya Lam
- Children's Neuroscience Centre, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eric Guedj
- Nuclear Medicine Department, APHM, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Girard
- Department of Neuroradiology, APHM, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Costes
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodale et Pluridisciplinaire en Imagerie du Vivant (CERMEP), Lyon, France
| | - Alexander Hammers
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK.
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Federico G, Osiurak F, Ciccarelli G, Ilardi CR, Cavaliere C, Tramontano L, Alfano V, Migliaccio M, Di Cecca A, Salvatore M, Brandimonte MA. On the functional brain networks involved in tool-related action understanding. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1163. [PMID: 37964121 PMCID: PMC10645930 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tool-use skills represent a significant cognitive leap in human evolution, playing a crucial role in the emergence of complex technologies. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying such capabilities are still debated. Here we explore with fMRI the functional brain networks involved in tool-related action understanding. Participants viewed images depicting action-consistent (e.g., nail-hammer) and action-inconsistent (e.g., scarf-hammer) object-tool pairs, under three conditions: semantic (recognizing the tools previously seen in the pairs), mechanical (assessing the usability of the pairs), and control (looking at the pairs without explicit tasks). During the observation of the pairs, task-based left-brain functional connectivity differed within conditions. Compared to the control, both the semantic and mechanical conditions exhibited co-activations in dorsal (precuneus) and ventro-dorsal (inferior frontal gyrus) regions. However, the semantic condition recruited medial and posterior temporal areas, whereas the mechanical condition engaged inferior parietal and posterior temporal regions. Also, when distinguishing action-consistent from action-inconsistent pairs, an extensive frontotemporal neural circuit was activated. These findings support recent accounts that view tool-related action understanding as the combined product of semantic and mechanical knowledge. Furthermore, they emphasize how the left inferior parietal and anterior temporal lobes might be considered as hubs for the cross-modal integration of physical and conceptual knowledge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Steinbart D, Yaakub SN, Steinbrenner M, Guldin LS, Holtkamp M, Keller SS, Weber B, Rüber T, Heckemann RA, Ilyas-Feldmann M, Hammers A. Automatic and manual segmentation of the piriform cortex: Method development and validation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3196-3209. [PMID: 37052063 PMCID: PMC10171523 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The piriform cortex (PC) is located at the junction of the temporal and frontal lobes. It is involved physiologically in olfaction as well as memory and plays an important role in epilepsy. Its study at scale is held back by the absence of automatic segmentation methods on MRI. We devised a manual segmentation protocol for PC volumes, integrated those manually derived images into the Hammers Atlas Database (n = 30) and used an extensively validated method (multi-atlas propagation with enhanced registration, MAPER) for automatic PC segmentation. We applied automated PC volumetry to patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE; n = 174 including n = 58 controls) and to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort (ADNI; n = 151, of whom with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), n = 71; Alzheimer's disease (AD), n = 33; controls, n = 47). In controls, mean PC volume was 485 mm3 on the right and 461 mm3 on the left. Automatic and manual segmentations overlapped with a Jaccard coefficient (intersection/union) of ~0.5 and a mean absolute volume difference of ~22 mm3 in healthy controls, ~0.40/ ~28 mm3 in patients with TLE, and ~ 0.34/~29 mm3 in patients with AD. In patients with TLE, PC atrophy lateralised to the side of hippocampal sclerosis (p < .001). In patients with MCI and AD, PC volumes were lower than those of controls bilaterally (p < .001). Overall, we have validated automatic PC volumetry in healthy controls and two types of pathology. The novel finding of early atrophy of PC at the stage of MCI possibly adds a novel biomarker. PC volumetry can now be applied at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steinbart
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Siti N Yaakub
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mirja Steinbrenner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lynn S Guldin
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Holtkamp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon S Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodor Rüber
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf A Heckemann
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Ilyas-Feldmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Seghier ML. The elusive metric of lesion load. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:703-716. [PMID: 36947181 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the widely used metrics in lesion-symptom mapping is lesion load that codes the amount of damage to a given brain region of interest. Lesion load aims to reduce the complex 3D lesion information into a feature that can reflect both site of damage, defined by the location of the region of interest, and size of damage within that region of interest. Basically, the process of estimation of lesion load converts a voxel-based lesion map into a region-based lesion map, with regions defined as atlas-based or data-driven spatial patterns. Here, after examining current definitions of lesion load, four methodological issues are discussed: (1) lesion load is agnostic to the location of damage within the region of interest, and it disregards damage outside the region of interest, (2) lesion load estimates are prone to errors introduced by the uncertainty in lesion delineation, spatial warping of the lesion/region, and binarization of the lesion/region, (3) lesion load calculation depends on brain parcellation selection, and (4) lesion load does not necessarily reflect a white matter disconnection. Overall, lesion load, when calculated in a robust way, can serve as a clinically-useful feature for explaining and predicting post-stroke outcome and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Homo sapiens and Neanderthals share high cerebral cortex integration into adulthood. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:42-50. [PMID: 36604552 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is controversy around the mechanisms that guided the change in brain shape during the evolution of modern humans. It has long been held that different cortical areas evolved independently from each other to develop their unique functional specializations. However, some recent studies suggest that high integration between different cortical areas could facilitate the emergence of equally extreme, highly specialized brain functions. Here, we analyse the evolution of brain shape in primates using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics of endocasts. We aim to determine, firstly, whether modern humans present unique developmental patterns of covariation between brain cortical areas; and secondly, whether hominins experienced unusually high rates of evolution in brain covariation as compared to other primates. On the basis of analyses including modern humans and other extant great apes at different developmental stages, we first demonstrate that, unlike our closest living relatives, Homo sapiens retain high levels of covariation between cortical areas into adulthood. Among the other great apes, high levels of covariation are only found in immature individuals. Secondly, at the macro-evolutionary level, our analysis of 400 endocasts, representing 148 extant primate species and 6 fossil hominins, shows that strong covariation between different areas of the brain in H. sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis evolved under distinctly higher evolutionary rates than in any other primate, suggesting that natural selection favoured a greatly integrated brain in both species. These results hold when extinct species are excluded and allometric effects are accounted for. Our findings demonstrate that high covariation in the brain may have played a critical role in the evolution of unique cognitive capacities and complex behaviours in both modern humans and Neanderthals.
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Seghier ML. Multiple functions of the angular gyrus at high temporal resolution. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:7-46. [PMID: 35674917 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the functions of the angular gyrus (AG) are evaluated in the light of current evidence from transcranial magnetic/electric stimulation (TMS/TES) and EEG/MEG studies. 65 TMS/TES and 52 EEG/MEG studies were examined in this review. TMS/TES literature points to a causal role in semantic processing, word and number processing, attention and visual search, self-guided movement, memory, and self-processing. EEG/MEG studies reported AG effects at latencies varying between 32 and 800 ms in a wide range of domains, with a high probability to detect an effect at 300-350 ms post-stimulus onset. A three-phase unifying model revolving around the process of sensemaking is then suggested: (1) early AG involvement in defining the current context, within the first 200 ms, with a bias toward the right hemisphere; (2) attention re-orientation and retrieval of relevant information within 200-500 ms; and (3) cross-modal integration at late latencies with a bias toward the left hemisphere. This sensemaking process can favour accuracy (e.g. for word and number processing) or plausibility (e.g. for comprehension and social cognition). Such functions of the AG depend on the status of other connected regions. The much-debated semantic role is also discussed as follows: (1) there is a strong TMS/TES evidence for a causal semantic role, (2) current EEG/MEG evidence is however weak, but (3) the existing arguments against a semantic role for the AG are not strong. Some outstanding questions for future research are proposed. This review recognizes that cracking the role(s) of the AG in cognition is possible only when its exact contributions within the default mode network are teased apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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7
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Bruner E, Battaglia-Mayer A, Caminiti R. The parietal lobe evolution and the emergence of material culture in the human genus. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:145-167. [PMID: 35451642 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional and new disciplines converge in suggesting that the parietal lobe underwent a considerable expansion during human evolution. Through the study of endocasts and shape analysis, paleoneurology has shown an increased globularity of the braincase and bulging of the parietal region in modern humans, as compared to other human species, including Neandertals. Cortical complexity increased in both the superior and inferior parietal lobules. Emerging fields bridging archaeology and neuroscience supply further evidence of the involvement of the parietal cortex in human-specific behaviors related to visuospatial capacity, technological integration, self-awareness, numerosity, mathematical reasoning and language. Here, we complement these inferences on the parietal lobe evolution, with results from more classical neuroscience disciplines, such as behavioral neurophysiology, functional neuroimaging, and brain lesions; and apply these to define the neural substrates and the role of the parietal lobes in the emergence of functions at the core of material culture, such as tool-making, tool use and constructional abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Caminiti
- Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Roma, Italy.
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8
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Holmberg M, Malmgren H, Heckemann RA, Johansson B, Klasson N, Olsson E, Skau S, Starck G, Filipsson Nyström H. A Longitudinal Study of Medial Temporal Lobe Volumes in Graves Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1040-1052. [PMID: 34752624 PMCID: PMC8947220 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common features of Graves disease (GD) in hyperthyroidism and after treatment. The mechanism behind these symptoms is unknown, but reduced hippocampal volumes have been observed in association with increased thyroid hormone levels. OBJECTIVE This work aimed at investigating GD influence on regional medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes. METHODS Sixty-two women with newly diagnosed GD underwent assessment including magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in hyperthyroidism and 48 of them were followed up after a mean of 16.4 ± 4.2 SD months of treatment. Matched thyroid-healthy controls were also assessed twice at a 15-month interval. MR images were automatically segmented using multiatlas propagation with enhanced registration. Regional medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes for amygdalae and hippocampi were compared with clinical data and data from symptom questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. RESULTS Patients had smaller MTL regions than controls at inclusion. At follow-up, all 4 MTL regions had increased volumes and only the volume of the left amygdala remained reduced compared to controls. There were significant correlations between the level of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and MTL volumes at inclusion and also between the longitudinal difference in the levels of free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and TRAb and the difference in MTL volumes. There were no significant correlations between symptoms or test scores and any of the 4 MTL volumes. CONCLUSION Dynamic alterations in the amygdalae and hippocampi in GD reflect a previously unknown level of brain involvement both in the hyperthyroid state of the condition and after treatment. The clinical significance, as well as the mechanisms behind these novel findings, warrant further study of the neurological consequences of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Holmberg
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Correspondence: Mats Holmberg, PhD, ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helge Malmgren
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- MedTech West at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rolf A Heckemann
- MedTech West at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Johansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Klasson
- MedTech West at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Olsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simon Skau
- MedTech West at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Starck
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Helena Filipsson Nyström
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Wang J, Ren F, Gao B, Yu X. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Recurrent MDD Patients With Residual Symptoms: Alterations in Resting-State Theta Oscillation Dynamics Associated With Changes in Depression and Rumination. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:818298. [PMID: 35321228 PMCID: PMC8936084 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.818298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suffer from residual symptoms. Rumination is a specific known risk factor for the onset, severity, prolongation, and relapse of MDD. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and EEG substrates of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in alleviating depression and rumination in an MDD population with residual symptoms. We recruited 26 recurrent MDD individuals who had residual symptoms with their current antidepressants to participate in the 8-week MBCT intervention. We evaluated the efficacy and changes in the dynamics of resting-state theta rhythm after the intervention, as well as the associations between theta alterations and improvements in depression and rumination. The participants showed reduced depression, enhanced adaptive reflective rumination, and increased theta power and phase synchronization after MBCT. The increased theta-band phase synchronizations between the right occipital regions and the right prefrontal, central, and parietal regions were associated with reduced depression, while the increase in theta power in the left parietal region was associated with improvements in reflective rumination. MBCT could alleviate depression and enhance adaptive, reflective rumination in recurrent MDD individuals with residual symptoms through the modulation of theta dynamics in specific brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingling Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China
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Choo YJ, Boudier-Revéret M, Chang MC. The Essentials of Brain Anatomy for Physiatrists: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:181-188. [PMID: 33443849 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Detailed knowledge of the brain anatomy is important for the treatment of patients with brain disorders. In this study, we conducted a review of essential parts of human brain anatomy based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Using T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging, we explained how to recognize several structures in each brain lobe (the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes). We depicted the boundary of each structure on brain magnetic resonance imaging and described their functions. The limbic system controls various functions such as emotion, motivation, behavior, memory, and olfaction. Broca's and Wernicke's areas and arcuate fasciculus are important structures for human language functions. Emotion, memory, and language function are one of the main functions of human. Therefore, the anatomical knowledge of the limbic system and language-related structures is important for physiatrists. We described the anatomical location and function of each substructure of the limbic system and language centers. In addition, we indicated the exact points of motor- and sensory-related neural tracts (corticospinal tract, corticoreticular pathway, medial lemniscus, and spinothalamic tract) on brain magnetic resonance imaging. We believe that our review on brain anatomy would be helpful for physiatrists to accurately identify the damage of each function from brain disorders and elucidate proper plan for rehabilitative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Choo
- From the Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea (YJC); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada (MB-R); and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (MCC)
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Abstract
Human brain atlases have been evolving tremendously, propelled recently by brain big projects, and driven by sophisticated imaging techniques, advanced brain mapping methods, vast data, analytical strategies, and powerful computing. We overview here this evolution in four categories: content, applications, functionality, and availability, in contrast to other works limited mostly to content. Four atlas generations are distinguished: early cortical maps, print stereotactic atlases, early digital atlases, and advanced brain atlas platforms, and 5 avenues in electronic atlases spanning the last two generations. Content-wise, new electronic atlases are categorized into eight groups considering their scope, parcellation, modality, plurality, scale, ethnicity, abnormality, and a mixture of them. Atlas content developments in these groups are heading in 23 various directions. Application-wise, we overview atlases in neuroeducation, research, and clinics, including stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, neuroradiology, neurology, and stroke. Functionality-wise, tools and functionalities are addressed for atlas creation, navigation, individualization, enabling operations, and application-specific. Availability is discussed in media and platforms, ranging from mobile solutions to leading-edge supercomputers, with three accessibility levels. The major application-wise shift has been from research to clinical practice, particularly in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, although clinical applications are still lagging behind the atlas content progress. Atlas functionality also has been relatively neglected until recently, as the management of brain data explosion requires powerful tools. We suggest that the future human brain atlas-related research and development activities shall be founded on and benefit from a standard framework containing the core virtual brain model cum the brain atlas platform general architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw L Nowinski
- John Paul II Center for Virtual Anatomy and Surgical Simulation, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Woycickiego 1/3, Block 12, room 1220, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Wang J, Gu Y, Dong W, Zhao M, Tian J, Sun T, Yu X, Ouyang G, Wang H. Lower Small-Worldness of Intrinsic Brain Networks Facilitates the Cognitive Protection of Intellectual Engagement in Elderly People Without Dementia: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:722-731. [PMID: 32173205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifetime intellectual engagement may be associated with cognitive ability late in life. However, the current evidence on whether cognitive activities will improve and/or maintain cognitive function is heterogeneous. Drawing on knowledge of the brain's intrinsic small-world organization which combines regional specialization and efficient global information transfer, we aimed to explore that whether individual differences in the small-worldness of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) networks would explain the variability in the strength of the association between intellectual engagement and cognitive functioning. METHODS Sixty-five elderly people without dementia were enrolled and scanned with a 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy system. The number, frequency, and participation hours of intellectual activities were investigated to measure intellectual engagement. Global cognition was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The general linear models and the simple slope analysis were employed to measure the modulatory role of network properties. RESULTS The small-worldness of the brain network emerged as a moderator of the association between intellectual engagement and cognition. Exclusively among elderly people with lower small-worldness, greater intellectual engagement, including the frequency and participation hours of activities, was associated with greater global cognitive function. Furthermore, we observed that elderly people with lower small-worldness exhibited decreased rsFC across the bilateral frontopolar areas and increased rsFC across the bilateral parietal cortex. CONCLUSION The individual differences in the small-worldness of rsFC networks might explain the varying strength of the association between intellectual engagement and cognitive functioning. Our findings imply that the intrinsic small-worldness of the brain network might be a potential neurobiological contributor that interacts with the intellectual engagement in enhancing the cognitive ability in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (JW, MZ, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology (YG), Tianjin, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (JW, MZ, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne (MZ), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ju Tian
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (JW, MZ, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (JW, MZ, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University (GO), Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) (JW, WD, MZ, JT, TS, XY HW), Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (JW, MZ, TS, XY, HW), Beijing, China.
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Pereira-Pedro AS, Bruner E, Gunz P, Neubauer S. A morphometric comparison of the parietal lobe in modern humans and Neanderthals. J Hum Evol 2020; 142:102770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Yaakub SN, Heckemann RA, Keller SS, McGinnity CJ, Weber B, Hammers A. On brain atlas choice and automatic segmentation methods: a comparison of MAPER & FreeSurfer using three atlas databases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2837. [PMID: 32071355 PMCID: PMC7028906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several automatic image segmentation methods and few atlas databases exist for analysing structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain images. The impact of choosing a combination has not hitherto been described but may bias comparisons across studies. We evaluated two segmentation methods (MAPER and FreeSurfer), using three publicly available atlas databases (Hammers_mith, Desikan-Killiany-Tourville, and MICCAI 2012 Grand Challenge). For each combination of atlas and method, we conducted a leave-one-out cross-comparison to estimate the segmentation accuracy of FreeSurfer and MAPER. We also used each possible combination to segment two datasets of patients with known structural abnormalities (Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS)) and their matched healthy controls. MAPER was better than FreeSurfer at modelling manual segmentations in the healthy control leave-one-out analyses in two of the three atlas databases, and the Hammers_mith atlas database transferred to new datasets best regardless of segmentation method. Both segmentation methods reliably identified known abnormalities in each patient group. Better separation was seen for FreeSurfer in the AD and left-HS datasets, and for MAPER in the right-HS dataset. We provide detailed quantitative comparisons for multiple anatomical regions, thus enabling researchers to make evidence-based decisions on their choice of atlas and segmentation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurbaya Yaakub
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf A Heckemann
- MedTech West at Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S Keller
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroradiology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Colm J McGinnity
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Challenges and Opportunities in Connectome Construction and Quantification in the Developing Human Fetal Brain. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 28:265-273. [PMID: 31592993 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The white matter structure of the human brain undergoes critical developmental milestones in utero, which we can observe noninvasively using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. In order to understand this fascinating developmental process, we must establish the variability inherent in such a challenging imaging environment and how measurable quantities can be transformed into meaningful connectomes. We review techniques for reconstructing and studying the brain connectome and explore promising opportunities for in utero studies that could lead to more accurate measurement of structural properties and allow for more refined and insightful analyses of the fetal brain. Opportunities for more sophisticated analyses of the properties of the brain and its dynamic changes have emerged in recent years, based on the development of iterative techniques to reconstruct motion-corrupted diffusion-weighted data. Although reconstruction quality is greatly improved, the treatment of fundamental quantities like edge strength requires careful treatment because of the specific challenges of imaging in utero. There are intriguing challenges to overcome, from those in analysis due to both imaging limitations and the significant changes in structural connectivity, to further image processing to address the specific properties of the target anatomy and quantification into a developmental connectome.
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Holmberg MO, Malmgren H, Berglund P, Bunketorp-Käll L, Heckemann RA, Johansson B, Klasson N, Olsson E, Skau S, Nystrom Filipsson H. Structural brain changes in hyperthyroid Graves' disease: protocol for an ongoing longitudinal, case-controlled study in Göteborg, Sweden-the CogThy project. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031168. [PMID: 31685507 PMCID: PMC6858258 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment and reduced well-being are common manifestations of Graves' disease (GD). These symptoms are not only prevalent during the active phase of the disease but also often prevail for a long time after hyperthyroidism is considered cured. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in these brain-derived symptoms are currently unknown. The overall aim of the CogThy study is to identify the mechanism behind cognitive impairment to be able to recognise GD patients at risk. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a longitudinal, single-centre, case-controlled study conducted in Göteborg, Sweden on premenopausal women with newly diagnosed GD. The subjects are examined: at referral, at inclusion and then every 3.25 months until 15 months. Examinations include: laboratory measurements; eye evaluation; neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological testing; structural MRI of the whole brain, orbits and medial temporal lobe structures; functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the cerebral prefrontal cortex and self-assessed quality of life questionnaires. The primary outcome measure is the change in medial temporal lobe structure volume. Secondary outcome measures include neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, hormonal and autoantibody variables. The study opened for inclusion in September 2012 and close for inclusion in October 2019. It will provide novel information on the effect of GD on medial temporal lobe structures and cerebral cortex functionality as well as whether these changes are associated with cognitive and affective impairment, hormonal levels and/or autoantibody levels. It should lead to a broader understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and future treatment perspectives. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been reviewed and approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Göteborg, Sweden. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations and among patient organisations after an appropriate embargo time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 44321 at the public project database for research and development in Västra Götaland County, Sweden (https://www.researchweb.org/is/vgr/project/44321).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Olof Holmberg
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Helge Malmgren
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
- MedTech West, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Berglund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lina Bunketorp-Käll
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rolf A Heckemann
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Klasson
- MedTech West, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Olsson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simon Skau
- MedTech West, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Helena Nystrom Filipsson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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17
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Wynn SC, Hendriks MPH, Daselaar SM, Kessels RPC, Schutter DJLG. The posterior parietal cortex and subjectively perceived confidence during memory retrieval. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:382-389. [PMID: 30012883 PMCID: PMC6049393 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048033.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies suggest a role for the left angular gyrus (AG) in processes related to memory recognition. However, results of neuropsychological and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have been inconclusive regarding the specific contribution of the AG in recollection, familiarity, and the subjective experience of memory. To obtain further insight into this issue, 20 healthy right-handed volunteers performed a memory task in a single-blind within-subject controlled TMS study. Neuronavigated inhibitory repetitive TMS (rTMS) was applied over the left AG and the vertex in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Prior to rTMS participants were presented with a list of words. After rTMS participants were shown a second list of words and instructed to indicate if the word was already shown prior to rTMS ("old") or was presented for the first time ("new"). In addition, subjectively perceived memory confidence was assessed. Results showed that recollection was unaffected following inhibitory left AG rTMS. In contrast, rTMS over the left AG improved both familiarity and the subjectively perceived confidence of participants that demonstrated low baseline memory recognition. Our study highlights the importance of taking into account individual differences in experimental designs involving noninvasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syanah C Wynn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P H Hendriks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Academic Centre of Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M Daselaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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