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Zhao B, Wang M, Cong Y, Song A, Lu J, Xie K, Dai H, Gu L. Urinary exosomal mRNAs as biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in IgA nephropathy patients. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119750. [PMID: 38885756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) treatment is the basic therapy for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. However, there is few of biomarker that can predict the efficacy of RASi. This study aimed to find urinary exosomal mRNAs related to the therapeutic effect of RASi in the treatment of proteinuria in IgAN patients. METHODS We divided IgAN patients in screening cohort into A1 (proteinuria increase at 3 months), B1 (proteinuria decrease less than 50 % at 3 months), C1 (proteinuria decrease more than 50 % at 3 months) groups according to changes of proteinuria after treatment. The urinary exosomes were collected before biopsy, RNAs were extracted and analyzed with the microarray assay. The candidate genes were screened by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and then validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a validation cohort. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate gene performance in predicting therapeutic effect on RASi reducing proteinuria in IgAN patients. RESULTS ECE1 and PDE1A mRNAs were significantly different among the three groups, and were gradually decreased among A1, B1 and C1 groups. In the validation cohort, the level of urinary exosomal ECE1 and PDE1A mRNAs were also significantly lower in A2 group compared with C2 group(ECE1, P < 0.001;PDE1A, P < 0.01). Besides, the level of ECE1 mRNA was also lower in B2 group compared with C2 group (P < 0.01). The ROC curve verified that urinary exosomal ECE1 and PDE1A gene level predicted RASi efficacy in IgAN patients with area under curve (AUC) 0.68 and 0.63 respectively. CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal ECE1 and PDE1A mRNAs expression can serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the RASi efficacy to reduce proteinuria in IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Minzhou Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Yue Cong
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahui Song
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Jiayue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Kewei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Huili Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China.
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2
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Fu Q, Wang Y, Yan C, Xiang YK. Phosphodiesterase in heart and vessels: from physiology to diseases. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:765-834. [PMID: 37971403 PMCID: PMC11281825 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Both cyclic nucleotides are critical secondary messengers in the neurohormonal regulation in the cardiovascular system. PDEs precisely control spatiotemporal subcellular distribution of cyclic nucleotides in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, playing critical roles in physiological responses to hormone stimulation in the heart and vessels. Dysregulation of PDEs has been linked to the development of several cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Targeting these enzymes has been proven effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and is an attractive and promising strategy for the development of new drugs. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex regulation of PDE isoforms in cardiovascular function, highlighting the divergent and even opposing roles of PDE isoforms in different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California, United States
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3
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Shu T, Zhou Y, Yan C. The perspective of cAMP/cGMP signaling and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in aortic aneurysm and dissection. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107278. [PMID: 38262506 PMCID: PMC10939884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) and dissection (AD) are aortic diseases caused primarily by medial layer degeneration and perivascular inflammation. They are lethal when the rupture happens. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of medial degeneration, characterized by SMC loss and elastin fiber degradation. Many molecular pathways, including cyclic nucleotide signaling, have been reported in regulating vascular SMC functions, matrix remodeling, and vascular structure integrity. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are second messengers that mediate intracellular signaling transduction through activating effectors, such as protein kinase A (PKA) and PKG, respectively. cAMP and cGMP are synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC) and guanylyl cyclase (GC), respectively, and degraded by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). In this review, we will discuss the roles and mechanisms of cAMP/cGMP signaling and PDEs in AA/AD formation and progression and the potential of PDE inhibitors in AA/AD, whether they are beneficial or detrimental. We also performed database analysis and summarized the results showing PDEs with significant expression changes under AA/AD, which should provide rationales for future research on PDEs in AA/AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College, MD Program, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, New York, United States.
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4
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Barish S, Berg K, Drozd J, Berglund-Brown I, Khizir L, Wasson LK, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Chen S, Brueckner M. The H2Bub1-deposition complex is required for human and mouse cardiogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201899. [PMID: 38038666 PMCID: PMC10730087 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
De novo variants affecting monoubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub1) are enriched in human congenital heart disease. H2Bub1 is required in stem cell differentiation, cilia function, post-natal cardiomyocyte maturation and transcriptional elongation. However, how H2Bub1 affects cardiogenesis is unknown. We show that the H2Bub1-deposition complex (RNF20-RNF40-UBE2B) is required for mouse cardiogenesis and for differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. Mice with cardiac-specific Rnf20 deletion are embryonic lethal and have abnormal myocardium. We then analyzed H2Bub1 marks during differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. H2Bub1 is erased from most genes at the transition from cardiac mesoderm to cardiac progenitor cells but is preserved on a subset of long cardiac-specific genes. When H2Bub1 is reduced in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, long cardiac-specific genes have fewer full-length transcripts. This correlates with H2Bub1 accumulation near the center of these genes. H2Bub1 accumulation near the center of tissue-specific genes was also observed in embryonic fibroblasts and fetal osteoblasts. In summary, we show that normal H2Bub1 distribution is required for cardiogenesis and cardiomyocyte differentiation, and suggest that H2Bub1 regulates tissue-specific gene expression by increasing the amount of full-length transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syndi Barish
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kathryn Berg
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drozd
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Isabella Berglund-Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Labeeqa Khizir
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lauren K. Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Martina Brueckner
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Parnell SC, Raman A, Zhang Y, Daniel EA, Dai Y, Khanna A, Reif GA, Vivian JL, Fields TA, Wallace DP. Expression of active B-Raf proto-oncogene in kidney collecting ducts induces cyst formation in normal mice and accelerates cyst growth in mice with polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1103-1114. [PMID: 35760151 PMCID: PMC9588601 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the formation and progressive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts due to abnormal cell proliferation. Cyclic AMP agonists, including arginine vasopressin, stimulate ERK-dependent proliferation of cystic cells, but not normal kidney cells. Previously, B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), a MAPK kinase kinase that activates MEK-ERK signaling, was shown to be a central intermediate in the cAMP mitogenic response. However, the role of BRAF on cyst formation and enlargement in vivo had not been demonstrated. To determine if active BRAF induces kidney cyst formation, we generated transgenic mice that conditionally express BRAFV600E, a common activating mutation, and bred them with Pkhd1-Cre mice to express active BRAF in the collecting ducts, a predominant site for cyst formation. Collecting duct expression of BRAFV600E (BRafCD) caused kidney cyst formation as early as three weeks of age. There were increased levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker for cell proliferation. BRafCD mice developed extensive kidney fibrosis and elevated blood urea nitrogen, indicating a decline in kidney function, by ten weeks of age. BRAFV600E transgenic mice were also bred to Pkd1RC/RC and pcy/pcy mice, well-characterized slowly progressive PKD models. Collecting duct expression of active BRAF markedly increased kidney weight/body weight, cyst number and size, and total cystic area. There were increased p-ERK levels and proliferating cells, immune cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, and a decline in kidney function in both these models. Thus, our findings demonstrate that active BRAF is sufficient to induce kidney cyst formation in normal mice and accelerate cystic disease in PKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Archana Raman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Emily A Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Aditi Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gail A Reif
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Zhou X, Torres VE. Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981963. [PMID: 36120538 PMCID: PMC9478168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes shared by many other diseases. Dysfunction of the polycystins, encoded by the PKD genes, is closely associated with disruption of calcium and upregulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, affecting most downstream regulatory, signaling, and pathophysiologic pathways altered in this disease. Interventions acting on G protein coupled receptors to inhibit of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production have been effective in preclinical trials and have led to the first approved treatment for ADPKD. However, completely blocking cAMP mediated PKA activation is not feasible and PKA activation independently from cAMP can also occur in ADPKD. Therefore, targeting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway beyond cAMP production makes sense. Redundancy of mechanisms, numerous positive and negative feedback loops, and possibly counteracting effects may limit the effectiveness of targeting downstream pathways. Nevertheless, interventions targeting important regulatory, signaling and pathophysiologic pathways downstream from cAMP/PKA activation may provide additive or synergistic value and build on a strategy that has already had success. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of cAMP and PKA signaling and their multiple downstream pathways as potential targets for emergent therapies for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- *Correspondence: Xia Zhou, ; Vicente E. Torres,
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7
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Jüttner AA, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Pharmacological developments in antihypertensive treatment through nitric oxide-cGMP modulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:57-94. [PMID: 35659377 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension until now has been directed at inhibition of vasoconstriction, of cardiac contractility and of blood volume regulation. Despite the arsenal of drugs available for this purpose, the control of target blood pressure is still a difficult goal to reach in outpatients. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is one of the most important mediators of vasodilation. It might therefore be a potential and most welcome drug target for optimization of the treatment of hypertension. In this chapter we review the problems that can occur in this signaling system, the attempts that have been made to correct these problems, and those that are still under investigation. Recently developed, clinically safe medicines that are currently approved for other applications, such as myocardial infarction, await to be tested for essential systemic hypertension. We conclude that despite many years of research without translation, stimulation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate is still a viable strategy in the prevention of the health risk posed by chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika A Jüttner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Genetic Kidney Diseases (GKDs) Modeling Using Genome Editing Technologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091571. [PMID: 35563876 PMCID: PMC9105797 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic kidney diseases (GKDs) are a group of rare diseases, affecting approximately about 60 to 80 per 100,000 individuals, for which there is currently no treatment that can cure them (in many cases). GKDs usually leads to early-onset chronic kidney disease, which results in patients having to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant. Here, we briefly describe genetic causes and phenotypic effects of six GKDs representative of different ranges of prevalence and renal involvement (ciliopathy, glomerulopathy, and tubulopathy). One of the shared characteristics of GKDs is that most of them are monogenic. This characteristic makes it possible to use site-specific nuclease systems to edit the genes that cause GKDs and generate in vitro and in vivo models that reflect the genetic abnormalities of GKDs. We describe and compare these site-specific nuclease systems (zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effect nucleases (TALENs) and regularly clustered short palindromic repeat-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas9)) and review how these systems have allowed the generation of cellular and animal GKDs models and how they have contributed to shed light on many still unknown fields in GKDs. We also indicate the main obstacles limiting the application of these systems in a more efficient way. The information provided here will be useful to gain an accurate understanding of the technological advances in the field of genome editing for GKDs, as well as to serve as a guide for the selection of both the genome editing tool and the gene delivery method most suitable for the successful development of GKDs models.
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Sudarikova A, Vasileva V, Sultanova R, Ilatovskaya D. Recent advances in understanding ion transport mechanisms in polycystic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2521-2540. [PMID: 34751394 PMCID: PMC8589009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of the electrolyte transport-related mechanisms important for the development of severe inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We provide here a basic overview of the origins and clinical aspects of ARPKD and ADPKD and discuss the implications of electrolyte transport in cystogenesis. Special attention is devoted to intracellular calcium handling by the cystic cells, with a focus on polycystins and fibrocystin, as well as other calcium level regulators, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels, ciliary machinery, and purinergic receptor remodeling. Sodium transport is reviewed with a focus on the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the role of chloride-dependent fluid secretion in cystic fluid accumulation is discussed. In addition, we highlight the emerging promising concepts in the field, such as potassium transport, and suggest some new avenues for research related to electrolyte handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina F. Sultanova
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Gilotra NA, DeVore AD, Povsic TJ, Hays AG, Hahn VS, Agunbiade TA, DeLong A, Satlin A, Chen R, Davis R, Kass DA. Acute Hemodynamic Effects and Tolerability of Phosphodiesterase-1 Inhibition With ITI-214 in Human Systolic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008236. [PMID: 34461742 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.008236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDE1 (phosphodiesterase type 1) hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate. ITI-214 is a highly selective PDE1 inhibitor that induces arterial vasodilation and positive inotropy in larger mammals. Here, we assessed pharmacokinetics, hemodynamics, and tolerability of single-dose ITI-214 in humans with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. METHODS Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were randomized 3:1 to 10, 30, or 90 mg ITI-214 single oral dose or placebo (n=9/group). Vital signs and electrocardiography were monitored predose to 5 hours postdose and transthoracic echoDoppler cardiography predose and 2-hours postdose. RESULTS Patient age averaged 54 years; 42% female, and 60% Black. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 3 to 8 mm Hg (P<0.001) and heart rate increased 5 to 9 bpm (P≤0.001 for 10, 30 mg doses, RM-ANCOVA). After 4 hours, neither blood pressure or heart rate significantly differed among cohorts (supine or standing). ITI-214 increased mean left ventricular power index, a relatively load-insensitive inotropic index, by 0.143 Watts/mL2·104 (P=0.03, a +41% rise; 5-71 CI) and cardiac output by 0.83 L/min (P=0.002, +31%, 13-49 CI) both at the 30 mg dose. Systemic vascular resistance declined with 30 mg (-564 dynes·s/cm-5, P<0.001) and 90 mg (-370, P=0.016). Diastolic changes were minimal, and no parameters were significantly altered with placebo. ITI-214 was well-tolerated. Five patients had mild-moderate hypotension or orthostatic hypotension recorded adverse events. There were no significant changes in arrhythmia outcome and no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Single-dose ITI-214 is well-tolerated and confers inodilator effects in humans with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Further investigations of its therapeutic utility are warranted. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03387215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha A Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (N.A.G., A.G.H., V.S.H., T.A.A., D.A.K.)
| | - Adam D DeVore
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (A.D.D.)
| | | | - Allison G Hays
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (N.A.G., A.G.H., V.S.H., T.A.A., D.A.K.)
| | - Virginia S Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (N.A.G., A.G.H., V.S.H., T.A.A., D.A.K.)
| | - Tolu A Agunbiade
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (N.A.G., A.G.H., V.S.H., T.A.A., D.A.K.)
| | - Allison DeLong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., A.D.)
| | - Andrew Satlin
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (A.S., R.C., R.D.)
| | - Richard Chen
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (A.S., R.C., R.D.)
| | - Robert Davis
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (A.S., R.C., R.D.)
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (N.A.G., A.G.H., V.S.H., T.A.A., D.A.K.)
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Capuano I, Buonanno P, Riccio E, Amicone M, Pisani A. Therapeutic advances in ADPKD: the future awaits. J Nephrol 2021; 35:397-415. [PMID: 34009558 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder included in ciliopathies, representing the fourth cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD), with an estimated prevalence between 1:1000 and 1:2500. It is mainly caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes encoding for polycystin 1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2), which regulate differentiation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. The advances in the knowledge of multiple molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of ADPKD led to the development of several treatments which are currently under investigation. Recently, the widespread approval of tolvaptan and, in Italy, of long-acting release octreotide (octreotide-LAR), represents but the beginning of the new therapeutic management of ADPKD patients. Encouraging results are expected from ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are investigating not only drugs acting on the calcium/cyclic adenosin monoposphate (cAMP) pathway, the most studied target so far, but also molecules targeting specific pathophysiological pathways (e.g. epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and KEAP1-Nrf2) and sphingolipids. Moreover, studies on animal models and cultured cells have also provided further promising therapeutic strategies based on the role of intracellular calcium, cell cycle regulation, MAPK pathway, epigenetic DNA, interstitial inflammation, and cell therapy. Thus, in a near future, tailored therapy could be the key to changing the natural history of ADPKD thanks to the vigorous efforts that are being made to implement clinical and preclinical studies in this field. Our review aimed to summarize the spectrum of drugs that are available in the clinical practice and the most promising molecules undergoing clinical, animal, and cultured cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Capuano
- Chair of Nephrology "Federico II", Department of Public Health, University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Buonanno
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Riccio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Amicone
- Chair of Nephrology "Federico II", Department of Public Health, University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Chair of Nephrology "Federico II", Department of Public Health, University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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12
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Phosphodiesterases Expression during Murine Cardiac Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052593. [PMID: 33807511 PMCID: PMC7961729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
3′-5′ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a large family of enzymes playing a fundamental role in the control of intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Emerging evidence suggested an important role of phosphodiesterases in heart formation, but little is known about the expression of phosphodiesterases during cardiac development. In the present study, the pattern of expression and enzymatic activity of phosphodiesterases was investigated at different stages of heart formation. C57BL/6 mice were mated and embryos were collected from 14.5 to 18.5 days of development. Data obtained by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that seven different isoforms are expressed during heart development, and PDE1C, PDE2A, PDE4D, PDE5A and PDE8A are modulated from E14.5 to E18.5. In heart homogenates, the total cAMP and cGMP hydrolytic activity is constant at the evaluated times, and PDE4 accounts for the majority of the cAMP hydrolyzing ability and PDE2A accounts for cGMP hydrolysis. This study showed that a subset of PDEs is expressed in developing mice heart and some of them are modulated to maintain constant nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in embryonic and fetal heart.
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13
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Dey AB, Khedr S, Bean J, Porras LL, Meredith TD, Willard FS, Hass JV, Zhou X, Terashvili M, Jesudason CD, Ruley KM, Wiley MR, Kowala M, Atkinson SJ, Staruschenko A, Rekhter MD. Selective Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitor BTTQ Reduces Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Dahl Salt Sensitive Rats: Role of Peripheral Vasodilation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:543727. [PMID: 33013477 PMCID: PMC7506137 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.543727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the peripheral vascular resistance via modulating the vessel diameter has been considered as a main determinant of the arterial blood pressure. Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE1-11) hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides, which are key players controlling the vessel diameter and, thus, peripheral resistance. Here, we have tested and reported the effects of a novel selective PDE1 inhibitor (BTTQ) on the cardiovascular system. Normal Sprague Dawley, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and Dahl salt-sensitive rats were used to test in vivo the efficacy of the compound. Phosphodiesterase radiometric enzyme assay revealed that BTTQ inhibited all three isoforms of PDE1 in nanomolar concentration, while micromolar concentrations were needed to induce effective inhibition for other PDEs. The myography study conducted on mesenteric arteries revealed a potent vasodilatory effect of the drug, which was confirmed in vivo by an increase in the blood flow in the rat ear arteriols reflected by the rise in the temperature. Furthermore, BTTQ proved a high efficacy in lowering the blood pressure about 9, 36, and 24 mmHg in normal Sprague Dawley, SHR and, Dahl salt-sensitive rats, respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, additional blood pressure lowering of about 22 mmHg could be achieved when BTTQ was administered on top of ACE inhibitor lisinopril, a current standard of care in the treatment of hypertension. Therefore, PDE1 inhibition induced efficient vasodilation that was accompanied by a significant reduction of blood pressure in different hypertensive rat models. Administration of BTTQ was also associated with increased heart rate in both models of hypertension as well as in the normotensive rats. Thus, PDE1 appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of resistant hypertension, while tachycardia needs to be addressed by further compound structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim B Dey
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - James Bean
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Leah L Porras
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph V Hass
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maia Terashvili
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Kevin M Ruley
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Mark Kowala
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Simon J Atkinson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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14
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Ataei Ataabadi E, Golshiri K, Jüttner A, Krenning G, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling in Hypertension: Current and Future Options for Pharmacotherapy. Hypertension 2020; 76:1055-1068. [PMID: 32829664 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For the treatment of systemic hypertension, pharmacological intervention in nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is a well-explored but unexploited option. In this review, we present the identified drug targets, including oxidases, mitochondria, soluble guanylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase 1 and 5, and protein kinase G, important compounds that modulate them, and the current status of (pre)clinical development. The mode of action of these compounds is discussed, and based upon this, the clinical opportunities. We conclude that drugs that directly target the enzymes of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate cascade are currently the most promising compounds, but that none of these compounds is under investigation as a treatment option for systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ataei Ataabadi
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Keivan Golshiri
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Annika Jüttner
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Guido Krenning
- Sulfateq B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.).,Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Anton J M Roks
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
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15
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Kelly MP, Heckman PRA, Havekes R. Genetic manipulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling during hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory formation. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 190:101799. [PMID: 32360536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have underscored the importance of cyclic nucleotide signaling in memory formation and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, several new genetic techniques have expanded the neuroscience toolbox, allowing researchers to measure and modulate cyclic nucleotide gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we will provide an overview of studies using genetic approaches to interrogate the role cyclic nucleotide signaling plays in hippocampus-dependent memory processes and synaptic plasticity. Particular attention is given to genetic techniques that measure real-time changes in cyclic nucleotide levels as well as newly-developed genetic strategies to transiently manipulate cyclic nucleotide signaling in a subcellular compartment-specific manner with high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, VA Bldg1, 3(rd) Fl, D-12, Columbia, 29209, SC, USA.
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT, Torres VE. Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109649. [PMID: 32335259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Sussman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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17
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Zhang C, Yan C. Updates of Recent Vinpocetine Research in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:211-219. [PMID: 32832931 PMCID: PMC7437952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinpocetine is a derivative of vincamine. It has been used to prevent and treat cerebrovascular disorders such as stoke and dementia, and remains widely available in dietary supplements that often marketed as nootropics. Due to its excellent safety profile at therapeutic dose regimen, vinpocetine has raised research interest in its new applications in various experimental disease models. Here we review recent studies that uncovered novel functions of vinpocetine in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, neointimal hyperplasia, vasoconstriction, pathological cardiac remodeling and ischemia stroke. Molecular mechanisms underlined the protective effects of vinpocetine are also discussed. These novel findings may suggest a broadened usage of vinpocetine against relevant cardiovascular diseases in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Yan;
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18
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Lerman LO, Kurtz TW, Touyz RM, Ellison DH, Chade AR, Crowley SD, Mattson DL, Mullins JJ, Osborn J, Eirin A, Reckelhoff JF, Iadecola C, Coffman TM. Animal Models of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2019; 73:e87-e120. [PMID: 30866654 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for unraveling the pathogenesis of hypertension and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. The utility of animal models for improving the understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of hypertension and its comorbidities depends on their validity for representing human forms of hypertension, including responses to therapy, and on the quality of studies in those models (such as reproducibility and experimental design). Important unmet needs in this field include the development of models that mimic the discrete hypertensive syndromes that now populate the clinic, resolution of ongoing controversies in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and the development of new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and its complications. Animal models may indeed be useful for addressing these unmet needs.
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19
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Müller RU, Benzing T. Management of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease-state-of-the-art. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:i2-i13. [PMID: 30581561 PMCID: PMC6295602 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent genetic cause of end-stage renal disease in adults. Affected individuals and families face a significant medical and psychosocial burden due to both renal and extrarenal manifestations. Consequently, interventions that ameliorate the course of the disease and specifically slow down the loss of kidney function are of special interest. Major research efforts in both the clinical and pre-clinical setting in the last two decades resulted in a number of pivotal clinical trials aimed to ameliorate the disease. These studies have underlined the important role of specific supportive measures and provided the basis for first targeted pharmacological therapies. Very recently, the concept of repurposing drugs approved for other conditions for a use in ADPKD has gained increasing attention. Here, we review the current best-practice management of ADPKD patients with a focus on interventions that have reached clinical use to maintain kidney function and give an outlook on future trials and potential novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Rare and Hereditary Kidney Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Rare and Hereditary Kidney Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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WareJoncas Z, Campbell JM, Martínez-Gálvez G, Gendron WAC, Barry MA, Harris PC, Sussman CR, Ekker SC. Precision gene editing technology and applications in nephrology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:663-677. [PMID: 30089813 PMCID: PMC6591726 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The expanding field of precision gene editing is empowering researchers to directly modify DNA. Gene editing is made possible using synonymous technologies: a DNA-binding platform to molecularly locate user-selected genomic sequences and an associated biochemical activity that serves as a functional editor. The advent of accessible DNA-targeting molecular systems, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing systems, has unlocked the ability to target nearly any DNA sequence with nucleotide-level precision. Progress has also been made in harnessing endogenous DNA repair machineries, such as non-homologous end joining, homology-directed repair and microhomology-mediated end joining, to functionally manipulate genetic sequences. As understanding of how DNA damage results in deletions, insertions and modifications increases, the genome becomes more predictably mutable. DNA-binding platforms such as TALEs and CRISPR can also be used to make locus-specific epigenetic changes and to transcriptionally enhance or suppress genes. Although many challenges remain, the application of precision gene editing technology in the field of nephrology has enabled the generation of new animal models of disease as well as advances in the development of novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy and xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary WareJoncas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jarryd M Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - William A C Gendron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caroline R Sussman
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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21
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Roles of PDE1 in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020022. [PMID: 29690591 PMCID: PMC6023290 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction is a response to various stress stimuli and can result in reduced cardiac output and heart failure. Cyclic nucleotide signaling regulates several cardiac functions including contractility, remodeling, and fibrosis. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides, are critical in the homeostasis of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and hold great therapeutic potential as drug targets. Recent studies have revealed that the inhibition of the PDE family member PDE1 plays a protective role in pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by the modulation of distinct cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent key findings regarding the roles of PDE1 in the cardiac system that can lead to a better understanding of its therapeutic potential.
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22
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An update on vinpocetine: New discoveries and clinical implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:30-34. [PMID: 29183836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been clinically used in many countries for treatment of cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and dementia for more than 30 years. Currently, vinpocetine is also available in the market as a dietary supplement to enhance cognition and memory. Due to its excellent safety profile, increasing efforts have been put into exploring the novel therapeutic effects and mechanism of actions of vinpocetine in various cell types and disease models. Recent studies have revealed a number of novel functions of vinpocetine, including anti-inflammation, antagonizing injury-induced vascular remodeling and high-fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis, as well as attenuating pathological cardiac remodeling. These novel findings may facilitate the repositioning of vinpocetine for preventing or treating relevant disorders in humans.
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