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Morettini M, Palumbo MC, Bottiglione A, Danieli A, Del Giudice S, Burattini L, Tura A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and interleukin-6 interaction in response to physical exercise: An in-silico model in the framework of immunometabolism. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 245:108018. [PMID: 38262127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is classically identified as an incretin hormone, secreted in response to nutrient ingestion and able to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, other stimuli, such as physical exercise, may enhance GLP-1 plasma levels, and this exercise-induced GLP-1 secretion is mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine secreted by contracting skeletal muscle. The aim of the study is to propose a mathematical model of IL-6-induced GLP-1 secretion and kinetics in response to physical exercise of moderate intensity. METHODS The model includes the GLP-1 subsystem (with two pools: gut and plasma) and the IL-6 subsystem (again with two pools: skeletal muscle and plasma); it provides a parameter of possible clinical relevance representing the sensitivity of GLP-1 to IL-6 (k0). The model was validated on mean IL-6 and GLP-1 data derived from the scientific literature and on a total of 100 virtual subjects. RESULTS Model validation provided mean residuals between 0.0051 and 0.5493 pg⋅mL-1 for IL-6 (in view of concentration values ranging from 0.8405 to 3.9718 pg⋅mL-1) and between 0.0133 and 4.1540 pmol⋅L-1 for GLP-1 (in view of concentration values ranging from 0.9387 to 17.9714 pmol⋅L-1); a positive significant linear correlation (r = 0.85, p<0.001) was found between k0 and the ratio between areas under GLP-1 and IL-6 curve, over the virtual subjects. CONCLUSIONS The model accurately captures IL-6-induced GLP-1 kinetics in response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
| | - Maria Concetta Palumbo
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) "Mauro Picone", National Research Council of Italy, via dei Taurini 19, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bottiglione
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
| | - Andrea Danieli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
| | - Simone Del Giudice
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
| | - Laura Burattini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova, 35127, Italy.
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Herger S, Vach W, Liphardt AM, Nüesch C, Egloff C, Mündermann A. Experimental-analytical approach to assessing mechanosensitive cartilage blood marker kinetics in healthy adults: dose-response relationship and interrelationship of nine candidate markers. F1000Res 2022; 10:490. [PMID: 35284064 PMCID: PMC8907551 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52159.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the suitability of selected blood biomarkers of articular cartilage as mechanosensitive markers and to investigate the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and marker kinetics in response to load. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 24 healthy volunteers before and at three time points after a 30-minute walking stress test performed on three test days. In each experimental session, one of three ambulatory loads was applied: 100% body weight (BW); 80%BW; 120%BW. Serum concentrations of COMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, ADAMTS-4, PRG-4, CPII, C2C and IL-6 were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A two-stage analytical approach was used to determine the suitability of a biomarker by testing the response to the stress test (criterion I) and the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and biomarker kinetics (criterion II). Results. COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 at all three time points after, MMP-9 at 30 and 60 minutes after, and ADAMTS-4 and CPII at immediately after the stress test showed an average response to load or an inter-individual variation in response to load of up to 25% of pre-test levels. The relation to load magnitude on average or an inter-individual variation in this relationship was up to 8% from load level to load level. There was a positive correlation for the slopes of the change-load relationship between COMP and MMP-3, and a negative correlation for the slopes between COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 with MMP-9, and COMP with IL6. Conclusions: COMP, MMP-3, IL-6, MMP-9, and ADAMTS-4 warrant further investigation in the context of articular cartilage mechanosensitivity and its role in joint degeneration and OA. While COMP seems to be able to reflect a rapid response, MMP-3 seems to reflect a slightly longer lasting, but probably also more distinct response. MMP-3 showed also the strongest association with the magnitude of load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Herger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Werner Vach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Basel Academy for Quality and Research in Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
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Stolfi P, Castiglione F. Emulating complex simulations by machine learning methods. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:483. [PMID: 34772335 PMCID: PMC8588594 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present paper is to construct an emulator of a complex biological system simulator using a machine learning approach. More specifically, the simulator is a patient-specific model that integrates metabolic, nutritional, and lifestyle data to predict the metabolic and inflammatory processes underlying the development of type-2 diabetes in absence of familiarity. Given the very high incidence of type-2 diabetes, the implementation of this predictive model on mobile devices could provide a useful instrument to assess the risk of the disease for aware individuals. The high computational cost of the developed model, being a mixture of agent-based and ordinary differential equations and providing a dynamic multivariate output, makes the simulator executable only on powerful workstations but not on mobile devices. Hence the need to implement an emulator with a reduced computational cost that can be executed on mobile devices to provide real-time self-monitoring. RESULTS Similarly to our previous work, we propose an emulator based on a machine learning algorithm but here we consider a different approach which turn out to have better performances, indeed in terms of root mean square error we have an improvement of two order magnitude. We tested the proposed emulator on samples containing different number of simulated trajectories, and it turned out that the fitted trajectories are able to predict with high accuracy the entire dynamics of the simulator output variables. We apply the emulator to control the level of inflammation while leveraging on the nutritional input. CONCLUSION The proposed emulator can be implemented and executed on mobile health devices to perform quick-and-easy self-monitoring assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Stolfi
- Institute for Applied Computing, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
| | - Filippo Castiglione
- Institute for Applied Computing, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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4
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Herger S, Vach W, Liphardt AM, Nüesch C, Egloff C, Mündermann A. Experimental-analytical approach to assessing mechanosensitive cartilage blood marker kinetics in healthy adults: dose-response relationship and interrelationship of nine candidate markers. F1000Res 2021; 10:490. [PMID: 35284064 PMCID: PMC8907551 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52159.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the suitability of selected blood biomarkers of articular cartilage as mechanosensitive markers and to investigate the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and marker kinetics in response to load. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 24 healthy volunteers before and at three time points after a 30-minute walking stress test performed on three test days. In each experimental session, one of three ambulatory loads was applied: 100% body weight (BW); 80%BW; 120%BW. Serum concentrations of COMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, ADAMTS-4, PRG-4, CPII, C2C and IL-6 were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A two-stage analytical approach was used to determine the suitability of a biomarker by testing the response to the stress test (criterion I) and the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and biomarker kinetics (criterion II). Results. COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 at all three time points after, MMP-9 at 30 and 60 minutes after, and ADAMTS-4 and CPII at immediately after the stress test showed an average response to load or an inter-individual variation in response to load of up to 25% of pre-test levels. The relation to load magnitude on average or an inter-individual variation in this relationship was up to 8% from load level to load level. There was a positive correlation for the slopes of the change-load relationship between COMP and MMP-3, and a negative correlation for the slopes between COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 with MMP-9, and COMP with IL6. Conclusions: COMP, MMP-3, IL-6, MMP-9, and ADAMTS-4 warrant further investigation in the context of articular cartilage mechanosensitivity and its role in joint degeneration and OA. While COMP seems to be able to reflect a rapid response, MMP-3 seems to reflect a slightly longer lasting, but probably also more distinct response. MMP-3 showed also the strongest association with the magnitude of load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Herger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Werner Vach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Basel Academy for Quality and Research in Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
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Li L, Huang C, Yin H, Zhang X, Wang D, Ma C, Li J, Zhao Y, Li X. Interleukin-6 mediated exercise-induced alleviation of adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001431. [PMID: 33853848 PMCID: PMC8054088 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise training has been shown to be the most effective strategy to combat obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, exercise promotes loss of adipose tissue mass and improves obesity-related hepatic steatosis through mechanisms that remain obscure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To study the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis during treadmill running, IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were randomly divided into lean, obese (fed a HFD) and trained obese groups (fed a HFD and exercise trained). RESULTS After 20 weeks of HFD feeding and 8 weeks of treadmill running, we found that exercise obviously reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, inhibited visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expansion and almost completely reversed obesity-related intrahepatic fat accumulation in WT mice. However, IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) mice are refractory to the benefits of treadmill training on body weight, VAT and SAT mass elevation, and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, a panel of lipolytic-related and thermogenic-related genes, including ATGL, HSL and PGC-1α, was upregulated in the VAT and SAT of WT mice that received exercise training compared with untrained mice, which was not observed in IL-6 KO mice. In addition, exercise training resulted in a significant inhibition of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression in WT mice, and these effects were not noted in IL-6 KO mice. CONCLUSION These results revealed that IL-6 is involved in the prevention of obesity and hepatic fat accumulation during exercise training. The mechanisms underlying these antiobesity effects may be associated with enhanced lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue. The improvement in hepatic steatosis by exercise training may benefit from the marked inhibition of PPAR-γ expression by IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Stolfi P, Valentini I, Palumbo MC, Tieri P, Grignolio A, Castiglione F. Potential predictors of type-2 diabetes risk: machine learning, synthetic data and wearable health devices. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:508. [PMID: 33308172 PMCID: PMC7733701 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of a recent research project was the investigation of the mechanisms involved in the onset of type 2 diabetes in the absence of familiarity. This has led to the development of a computational model that recapitulates the aetiology of the disease and simulates the immunological and metabolic alterations linked to type-2 diabetes subjected to clinical, physiological, and behavioural features of prototypical human individuals. RESULTS We analysed the time course of 46,170 virtual subjects, experiencing different lifestyle conditions. We then set up a statistical model able to recapitulate the simulated outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The resulting machine learning model adequately predicts the synthetic dataset and can, therefore, be used as a computationally-cheaper version of the detailed mathematical model, ready to be implemented on mobile devices to allow self-assessment by informed and aware individuals. The computational model used to generate the dataset of this work is available as a web-service at the following address: http://kraken.iac.rm.cnr.it/T2DM .
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Stolfi
- Institute for Applied Mathematics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Tieri
- Institute for Applied Mathematics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Grignolio
- Research Ethics and Integrity Interdepartmental Center, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Medical Humanities - International MD Program, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Castiglione
- Institute for Applied Mathematics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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Peters MC, Fahy JV, Denlinger LC. Reply to Nannini and to Lipworth et al.. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1325-1326. [PMID: 32687407 PMCID: PMC7605204 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202006-2531le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Peters
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, and
| | - John V Fahy
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, and
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Scheffer DDL, Latini A. Exercise-induced immune system response: Anti-inflammatory status on peripheral and central organs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165823. [PMID: 32360589 PMCID: PMC7188661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide array of molecular pathways has been investigated during the past decade in order to understand the mechanisms by which the practice of physical exercise promotes neuroprotection and reduces the risk of developing communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. While a single session of physical exercise may represent a challenge for cell homeostasis, repeated physical exercise sessions will improve immunosurveillance and immunocompetence. Additionally, immune cells from the central nervous system will acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype, protecting central functions from age-induced cognitive decline. This review highlights the exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effect on the prevention or treatment of common chronic clinical and experimental settings. It also suggests the use of pterins in biological fluids as sensitive biomarkers to follow the anti-inflammatory effect of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Simões E Silva LL, Santos de Sousa Fernandes M, Kubrusly MS, Muller CR, Américo ALV, Stefano JT, Evangelista FS, Oliveira CP, Jukemura J. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Protocol on Genes Related to Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in the Pancreas of ob/ob Mice with NAFLD. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:223-234. [PMID: 32606885 PMCID: PMC7310984 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s242393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on insulin resistance and inflammatory response in obese mice (ob/ob) with NAFLD. Materials and Methods Male ob/ob mice were randomly divided into sedentary (n=7) and trained (n=7) groups. Aerobic training consisted of 5 weekly sessions, 60 min per session at 60% of the maximum speed of the running test. Hepatic and pancreatic samples were collected to evaluate histological features and gene expression associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory response after 8-week experiment protocol. RNA was performed by TRIzol®. PCR experiments were performed using the Rotor-Gene RG-3000. Parametric data were assessed by t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Non-parametric data were assessed by the Mann-Whitney tests with Dunn's post-test of multiple comparisons. Histological analysis was assessed by chi-square test with Fisher's exact test. Significant variables were considered when p<0.05. All the analyses were performed by GraphPad Prism V6.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc.). Results Reductions in bodyweight (p = 0.008), weight evolution (p = 0.03), food intake (p <0.0001) and fat content were observed in trained group. Moreover, the trained group showed better results in peak velocity (p=0.03) physical effort tolerance (p=0.006) and distance (p=0.01). Gene expression showed differences in IL-10 (p=0.03) and GLUT-2 (p=0.03) in hepatic analysis, between groups. Pancreatic gene expression showed difference between groups in IRS-2 (p=0.004), GLUT-2 (p=0.03) and IL-10 (p=0.008) analysis. Also, the trained group showed lower values for interlobular fat and inflammatory infiltrate in histological analysis when compared to sedentary animals. Conclusion An 8-week physical training protocol was able to attenuate bodyweight gain, food intake and generate positive effects on gene expression related to insulin resistance and inflammation in both liver and pancreas of ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lucena Simões E Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Saldanha Kubrusly
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Tadeu Stefano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Pinto Oliveira
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Jukemura
- Division of Digestive Surgery - Department of Gastroenterology, São Paulo State Cancer Institute - HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Saribal D, Hocaoglu-Emre FS, Erdogan S, Bahtiyar N, Caglar Okur S, Mert M. Inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1025-1031. [PMID: 30701344 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mortality and remaining bedridden following the hip fracture surgery are not rare. We tried to measure the levels of inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) following the hip fracture surgery and compare their levels with controls. We aimed to show a relationship between the levels of these markers and post-operative mortality and walking capability. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a condition, causing the hip fractures in the elderly. Hip fractures have a high rate of overall mortality up to 30% following the incident. Cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α are suggested to play a role in bone resorption and, thus, in the etiology of osteoporosis. METHODS Plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured pre-operatively and on the first and second days after the surgery in 40 Turkish hip fracture patients. The levels of these cytokines were compared with 40 Turkish age-matched healthy controls. The levels of these cytokines were compared between the deceased and surviving patients, as well as the existence of walking capability following the surgery. RESULTS Significantly higher IL-6 levels were shown on the first and second days after the surgery (p = 0.005; p = 0.01, respectively). The overall death rate of our study group within the 2-year follow-up time was found to be 35%. No statistical significance was found in the means of 2-year follow-up mortality between the patients. Presence of walking capability did not differ between the patients, as well. CONCLUSION We demonstrated an association between IL-6 levels and hip fracture in our study group following the surgery. We also suggest that TNF-α and IL-6 levels are not related to the occurrence of death and walking capability after the surgery. However, these findings need further functional and clinical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saribal
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F S Hocaoglu-Emre
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - S Erdogan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Istanbul Metin Sabanci Baltalimanı Training and Research Hospital for Bone Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Bahtiyar
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Caglar Okur
- Department of Physical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Mert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeniyuzyil University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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Prana V, Tieri P, Palumbo MC, Mancini E, Castiglione F. Modeling the Effect of High Calorie Diet on the Interplay between Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Diabetes. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7525834. [PMID: 30863457 PMCID: PMC6378014 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7525834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease potentially leading to serious widespread tissue damage. Human organism develops T2D when the glucose-insulin control is broken for reasons that are not fully understood but have been demonstrated to be linked to the emergence of a chronic inflammation. Indeed such low-level chronic inflammation affects the pancreatic production of insulin and triggers the development of insulin resistance, eventually leading to an impaired control of the blood glucose concentration. On the contrary, it is well-known that obesity and inflammation are strongly correlated. AIM In this study, we investigate in silico the effect of overfeeding on the adipose tissue and the consequent set up of an inflammatory state. We model the emergence of the inflammation as the result of adipose mass increase which, in turn, is a direct consequence of a prolonged excess of high calorie intake. RESULTS The model reproduces the fat accumulation due to excessive caloric intake observed in two clinical studies. Moreover, while showing consistent weight gains over long periods of time, it reveals a drift of the macrophage population toward the proinflammatory phenotype, thus confirming its association with fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Prana
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Tieri
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. C. Palumbo
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E. Mancini
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Oude Turfmarkt, 147-1012 GC Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Castiglione
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Oude Turfmarkt, 147-1012 GC Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Palumbo MC, Morettini M, Tieri P, Diele F, Sacchetti M, Castiglione F. Personalizing physical exercise in a computational model of fuel homeostasis. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006073. [PMID: 29698395 PMCID: PMC5919631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of physical activity for the prevention and management of several chronic diseases are widely recognized. Mathematical modeling of the effects of physical exercise in body metabolism and in particular its influence on the control of glucose homeostasis is of primary importance in the development of eHealth monitoring devices for a personalized medicine. Nonetheless, to date only a few mathematical models have been aiming at this specific purpose. We have developed a whole-body computational model of the effects on metabolic homeostasis of a bout of physical exercise. Built upon an existing model, it allows to detail better both subjects' characteristics and physical exercise, thus determining to a greater extent the dynamics of the hormones and the metabolites considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Palumbo
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “Mauro Picone”, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Tieri
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “Mauro Picone”, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Fasma Diele
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “Mauro Picone”, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Castiglione
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “Mauro Picone”, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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