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Lou YL, Xie DL, Huang XH, Zheng MM, Chen N, Xu JR. The role of MNK1-mTORC1 pathway in modulating macrophage responses to Vibrio vulnificus infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0334023. [PMID: 38980024 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03340-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) is known to cause life-threatening infections, particularly septicemia. These patients often exhibit elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. While it is established that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase (MNK) contributes to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the role of MNK in macrophages during Vv infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the impact of MNK on macrophages. We demonstrate that the inhibition of MNK in J774A.1 cells, when treated with lipopolysaccharide or Vv, resulted in decreased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6, without affecting their transcription. Interestingly, treatment with MNK inhibitor CGP57380 led to enhanced phosphorylation of MNK1 but decreased phosphorylation of eIF4E. Moreover, MNK1 knockout cells exhibited an increased capacity for phagocytosis and clearance of Vv, with more acidic phagosomes than the parental cells. Notably, CGP57380 did not impact phagocytosis, bacterial clearance, or phagosome acidification in Vv-infected J774A.1 cells. Considering the reported association between MNK and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, we investigated the mTORC1 signaling in MNK1 knockout cells infected with Vv. Our results revealed that attenuation of the mTORC1 signaling in these cells and treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin significantly enhanced bacterial clearance in J774A.1 cells following Vv infection. In summary, our findings suggest that MNK promotes the Vv-induced cytokine production in J774A.1 cells without affecting their transcription levels. MNK1 appears to impair the phagocytosis, bacterial clearance, and phagosome acidification in Vv-infected J774A.1 cells through the MNK1-mTORC1 signaling pathway rather than the MNK1-eIF4E signaling pathway. Our findings highlight the importance of the MNK1-mTORC1 pathway in modulating macrophage responses to Vv infection. IMPORTANCE Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase (MNK) plays a role in promoting the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in macrophages during Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) infection. Inhibition or knockout of MNK1 in J774A.1 cells resulted in reduced cytokine production without affecting their transcription levels. MNK1 also impairs phagocytosis, bacterial clearance, and phagosome acidification in Vv-infected cells through the MNK1-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. The findings highlight the importance of the MNK1-mTORC1 pathway in modulating macrophage responses to Vv infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Lou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
- The School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Li Xie
- The School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-Hui Huang
- The School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- The School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Chen
- The School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji-Ru Xu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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Hu Y, Zhang R, Li J, Wang H, Wang M, Ren Q, Fang Y, Tian L. Association Between Gut and Nasal Microbiota and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:633-651. [PMID: 39006241 PMCID: PMC11246088 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s472632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a chronic non-infectious inflammation of the nasal mucosa mediated by specific IgE. Recently, the human microbiome has drawn broad interest as a potential new target for treating this condition. This paper succinctly summarizes the main findings of 17 eligible studies published by February 2024, involving 1044 allergic rhinitis patients and 954 healthy controls from 5 countries. These studies examine differences in the human microbiome across important mucosal interfaces, including the nasal and intestinal areas, between patients and controls. Overall, findings suggest variations in the gut microbiota between allergic rhinitis patients and healthy individuals, although the specific bacterial taxa that significantly changed were not always consistent across studies. Due to the limited scope of existing research and patient coverage, the relationship between the nasal microbiome and allergic rhinitis remains inconclusive. The article discusses the potential immune-regulating role of the gut microbiome in allergic rhinitis. Further well-designed clinical trials with large-scale recruitment of allergic rhinitis patients are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiya Wang
- Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Fang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Che Y, Wang N, Ma Q, Liu J, Xu Z, Li Q, Wang J, Sun Y. Microbial characterization of the nasal cavity in patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1166389. [PMID: 37180436 PMCID: PMC10166850 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1166389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although recent studies have shown that the human microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, the impact of microbiota on allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (nAR) has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the composition of the nasal flora in patients with AR and nAR and their role in the pathogenesis. Method From February to September 2022, 35 AR patients and 35 nAR patients admitted to Harbin Medical University's Second Affiliated Hospital, as well as 20 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period, were subjected to 16SrDNA and metagenomic sequencing of nasal flora. Results The microbiota composition of the three groups of study subjects differs significantly. The relative abundance of Vibrio vulnificus and Acinetobacter baumanni in the nasal cavity of AR patients was significantly higher when compared to nAR patients, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus iners, Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, and Escherichia coli was lower. In addition, Lactobacillus murinus and Lacttobacillus kunkeei were also negatively correlated with IgE, while Lacttobacillus kunkeei was positively correlated with age. The relative distribution of Faecalibacterium was higher in moderate than in severe AR patients. According to KEGG functional enrichment annotation, ICMT(protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase,ICMT) is an AR microbiota-specific enzyme that plays a role, while glycan biosynthesis and metabolism are more active in AR microbiota. For AR, the model containing Parabacteroides goldstemii, Sutterella-SP-6FBBBBH3, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, Lachnospiraceae bacterium-615, and Bacteroides coprocola had the highest the area under the curve (AUC), which was 0.9733(95%CI:0.926-1.000) in the constructed random forest prediction model. The largest AUC for nAR is 0.984(95%CI:0.949-1.000) for the model containing Pseudomonas-SP-LTJR-52, Lachnospiraceae bacterium-615, Prevotella corporis, Anaerococcus vaginalis, and Roseburia inulinivorans. Conclusion In conclusion, patients with AR and nAR had significantly different microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. The results suggest that the nasal microbiota may play a key role in the pathogenesis and symptoms of AR and nAR, providing us with new ideas for the treatment of AR and nAR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanan Sun
- *Correspondence: Jingting Wang, ; Yanan Sun,
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4
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Auguste M, Rahman FU, Balbi T, Leonessi M, Oliveri C, Bellese G, Vezzulli L, Furones D, Canesi L. Responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to challenge with environmental isolates of the potential emerging pathogen Malaciobacter marinus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1-9. [PMID: 36154890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the Arcobacter-like spp. represent emerging foodborne zoonotic pathogens in humans and animals. Their increasing presence in seafood, suggesting higher occurrence in seawater due to marine pollution, is raising some environmental concern. Although Arcobacter is frequently detected in diseased oysters and stressed bivalve species, no data are available so far on its potential pathogenicity or interactions with the immune system of the bivalve host. In this work, responses to challenge with two strains of Malaciobacter marinus IRTA-19-131 and IRTA-19-132, R1 and R2), isolated from adult Crassostrea gigas during a mortality event in 2019 in Spain, were investigated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In vivo experiments were performed in larvae (48 h post-fertilization), and in adult mussels at 24 h post-injection, in order to evaluate the pathogenicity for early developmental stages, and the hemolymph immune responses, respectively. Both R1 and R2 were moderately pathogenic to early larvae, with significant decreases in the development of normal D-veligers from 104 and 103 CFU/mL, respectively. In adults, both strains decreased hemocyte lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), and stimulated extracellular defense responses (ROS production and lysozyme activity). The interactions between mussel hemocytes and M. marinus were investigated in in vitro short-term experiments (30-90 min) using the R1 strain (106-108 CFU/mL). R1 decreased LMS and induced lysosomal enlargement, but not cell detachment or death, and stimulated extracellular ROS production and lysozyme release, confirming in vivo data. Moreover, lysosomal internalization and degradation of bacteria were observed, together with changes in levels of activated mTor and LC3, indicating phagocytic activity. Overall, the results indicate the activation of both extracellular and intracellular immune defenses against M. marinus R1. Accordingly, these responses resulted in a significant hemolymph bactericidal activity, with a large contribution of hemolymph serum. The results represent the first data on the potential pathogenicity of Arcobacter isolated from a shellfish mortality to bivalve larvae and adults, and on their interactions with the immune system of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auguste
- DISTAV, Dept. of Environmental, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Faiz Ur Rahman
- IRTA_Sant Carles de la Ràpita Centre, Aquaculture Program, Spain; Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Teresa Balbi
- DISTAV, Dept. of Environmental, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Leonessi
- DISTAV, Dept. of Environmental, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- DISTAV, Dept. of Environmental, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellese
- DIMES, Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- DISTAV, Dept. of Environmental, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Dolors Furones
- IRTA_Sant Carles de la Ràpita Centre, Aquaculture Program, Spain
| | - Laura Canesi
- DISTAV, Dept. of Environmental, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
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Li J, Zhu Y, Ma Z, Yang F. Genome sequence and pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus strain MCCC 1A08743 isolated from contaminated prawns. Biol Open 2022; 11:275848. [PMID: 35766638 PMCID: PMC9253834 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that naturally inhabits sea water globally and is responsible for most vibriosis-related deaths. The consumption of V. vulnificus contaminated seafood and exposure of wounds to Vibrio can result in systemic infection, with increased risks of amputation and extremely high rates of mortality. However, the pathogenicity and virulence factors of V. vulnificus are not fully understood. The genomic characterization of V. vulnificus will be helpful to extend our understanding on V. vulnificus at a genomic level. In this manuscript, the genome of V. vulnificus strain MCCC 1A08743 isolated from contaminated prawns from Zhanjiang, China, was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X Ten system and annotated through multiple databases. The strain MCCC 1A08743 genome included 4371 protein-coding genes and 117 RNA genes. Average nucleotide identity analysis and core genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that MCCC 1A08743 was most closely related to strains from clinical samples from the United States. Pathogenicity annotation of the MCCC 1A08743 genome, using Virulence Factor Database and Pathogen-Host Interactions database, predicted the pathogenicity of the strain, and this was confirmed using mice infection experiments, which indicated that V. vulnificus strain MCCC 1A08743 could infect C57BL/6J mice and cause liver lesions. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary:Vibrio vulnificus strain MCCC 1A08743 was newly isolated, sequenced and tested for its pathogenicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenxia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Yu G, Wang J, Zhang W, Yang Q, Liu G, Wang L, Bello BK, Zhang X, Zhang T, Fan H, Zhao P, Liang W, Dong J. NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway involves in Vibrio harveyi-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1590-1601. [PMID: 34569606 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi, an important zoonotic pathogen, can infect wounds and cause inflammatory response. Understanding the inflammatory response pathways could facilitate the exploration of molecular mechanisms for treating V. harveyi infection. NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the interaction between hosts and pathogenic microorganisms and could be sensed by various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Nonetheless, the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in V. harveyi infection remains unclear. In the present study, we established a V. harveyi infection model using murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs). Various techniques, including western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and inhibition assays, were used to explore the molecular mechanism of V. harveyi-induced inflammation. The results showed that many inflammatory cytokines participated in V. harveyi infection, with interleukin (IL)-1β being the most abundant. Pan-caspase inhibitor pretreatment significantly decreased the secretion of IL-1β in murine PMs. Moreover, the identification of V. harveyi involved a large number of NLR molecules, especially the NLRP3 receptor, and further studies revealed that NLPR3 inflammasome was activated by V. harveyi infection, as evidenced by puncta-like NLRP3 surrounding cell nuclear, ASC specks in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and ASC oligomerization. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome impaired the release of mature IL-1β in V. harveyi-infected murine PMs. Furthermore, blocking the secretion of mature IL-1β could markedly decrease the release of other proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Overall, these data indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in response to V. harveyi infection and enhanced inflammatory response by promoting IL-1β secretion in murine PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Babatunde Kazeem Bello
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Laboratory Department of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Feng ZH, Li SQ, Zhang JX, Ni B, Bai XR, Xu JH, Liu ZB, Xin WW, Kang L, Gao S, Wang J, Li YW, Li JX, Yuan Y, Wang JL. Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles, Cytokines, and Bacterial Loads Relevant to Alcoholic Liver Disease Mice Infected With V. vulnificus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695491. [PMID: 34489943 PMCID: PMC8417779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver disease are susceptible to infection with Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus), but the specific reasons remain elusive. Through RNA-seq, we found that when mice with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were infected with V. vulnificus by gavage, compared with the Pair group, the small intestinal genes affecting intestinal permeability were upregulated; and the number of differentially expressed genes related to immune functions (e.g., such as cell chemotaxis, leukocyte differentiation, and neutrophil degranulation) decreased in the liver, spleen, and blood. Further analysis showed that the number of white blood cells decreased in the Pair group, whereas those in the ALD mice did not change significantly. Interestingly, the blood bacterial load in the ALD mice was about 100 times higher than that of the Pair group. After the ALD mice were infected with V. vulnificus, the concentrations of T cell proliferation-promoting cytokines (IL-2, IL-23) decreased. Therefore, unlike the Pair group, ALD mice had weaker immune responses, lower T cell proliferation-promoting cytokines, and higher bacterial loads post-infection, possibly increasing their susceptibility to V. vulnificus infection. These new findings we presented here may help to advance the current understanding of the reasons why patients with liver disease are susceptible to V. vulnificus infection and provides potential targets for further investigation in the context of treatment options for V. vulnificus sepsis in liver disease patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ni
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin-Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Liu
- Rongcheng International Travel Health Care Center, Rong Cheng Customs, Rongcheng, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
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8
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Huang XH, Ma Y, Lou H, Chen N, Zhang T, Wu LY, Chen YJ, Zheng MM, Lou YL, Xie DL. The Role of TSC1 in the Macrophages Against Vibrio vulnificus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596609. [PMID: 33585271 PMCID: PMC7873526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is an estuarine bacterium that is capable of causing rapidly fatal infection in humans. Proper polarization and bactericidal activity of macrophages play essential roles in defending against invading pathogens. How macrophages limit V. vulnificus infection remains not well understood. Here we report that tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) is crucial for the regulation of V. vulnificus-induced macrophage polarization, bacterial clearance, and cell death. Mice with myeloid-specific deletion of TSC1 exhibit a significant reduction of survival time after V. vulnificus infection. V. vulnificus infection induces both M1 and M2 polarization. However, TSC1 deficient macrophages show enhanced M1 response to V. vulnificus infection. Interestedly, the absence of TSC1 in myeloid cells results in impaired bacterial clearance both in vivo and in vitro after V. vulnificus infection. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity significantly reverses V. vulnificus-induced hypersensitive M1 response and resistant bactericidal activity both in wild-type and TSC1-deficient macrophages. Moreover, V. vulnificus infection causes cell death of macrophages, possibly contributes to defective of bacterial clearance, which also exhibits in a mTORC1-dependent manner. These findings highlight an essential role for the TSC1-mTOR signaling in the regulation of innate immunity against V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hui Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong Yang People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Han Lou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Lou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-Li Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
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9
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Huang XH, Ma Y, Zheng MM, Chen N, Hu MN, Wu LY, Zheng Y, Lou YL, Xie DL. NLRP3 and mTOR Reciprocally Regulate Macrophage Phagolysosome Formation and Acidification Against Vibrio vulnificus Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587961. [PMID: 33117816 PMCID: PMC7578225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus causes potentially fatal bloodstream infections, typically in patients with chronic liver diseases. The inflammatory response and anti-bacterial function of phagocytes are crucial for limiting bacterial infection in the human hosts. How V. vulnificus affects macrophages after phagocytosis is unclear. In this report, we found that the bactericidal activity of macrophages to internalize V. vulnificus was dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) interaction. Additionally, the NLRP3 expression was dependent on mTORC1 activation. Inhibited mTORC1 or absence of NLRP3 in macrophages impaired V. vulnificus-induced phagosome acidification and phagolysosome formation, leading to a reduction of intracellular bacterial clearance. mTORC1 signaling overactivation could increase NLRP3 expression and restore insufficient phagosome acidification. Together, these findings indicate that the intracellular bactericidal activity of macrophages responding to V. vulnificus infection is tightly controlled by the crosstalk of NLRP3 and mTOR and provide critical insight into the host bactericidal activity basis of clearance of V. vulnificus through lyso/phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hui Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mei-Na Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liu-Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Lou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-Li Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin induces inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages through calcium signaling and causes inflammation in vivo. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103789. [PMID: 31605759 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a food-borne marine pathogen that causes both life-threatening primary septicemia and necrotizing wound infections which accompany severe inflammation. Cytolysin is a very powerful virulence factor of V. vulnificus and is one of the likely candidates in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus infections. However, the pathogenetic roles of cytolysin in V. vulnificus-induced inflammation are not well understood. In this study, we used the recombinant protein Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (VVC) to demonstrate that VVC can induce inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. Low dose (<5 μg/ml) VVC had no impact on cell viability and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in RAW264.7 macrophages such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, VVC induced p65, p38, ERK1/2, and AKT phosphorylation in RAW264.7 macrophages. We further demonstrated that BAPTA-AM, a specific intracellular calcium chelator, inhibited VVC-induced inflammatory responses including pro-inflammatory cytokines production and inflammatory signaling activation in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, VVC primed rather than actived NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 macrophages. To determine whether VVC have a direct inflammatory effect on the host, we examined the effects of VVC injected into the skin of mice. VVC stimulated a significant induction of mRNAs for the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and inflammatory chemokines such as MCP-1 and IP-10. Histology data also showed that VVC caused inflammatory responses in the skin of mice. Collectively, our findings indicated that VVC induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo and suggested the possibility of targeting VVC as a strategy for the clinical management of V. vulnificus-induced inflammatory responses.
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11
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Zhang L, Ren J, Shi P, Lu D, Zhao C, Su Y, Zhang L, Huang J. The Immunological Regulation Roles of Porcine β-1, 4 Galactosyltransferase V (B4GALT5) in PRRSV Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:48. [PMID: 29546034 PMCID: PMC5837993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B4GALT5, also known as β-1, 4 galactosyltransferase V, is one of the members of β-1, 4 galactosyltransferase gene (B4GALT) family, which was concerned with embryonic development, tumor generation, other malignant diseases. In this study, we firstly cloned porcine B4GALT (pB4GALT5) from porcine alveolar macrophages, and predicted the structural domain and function of seven porcine β-1, 4 galactosyltransferase (I–VII) based on transcriptome analysis of PRRSV infected cells. Additionally, the upregulated porcine B4GALT5 expression was detected from PRRSV infected porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells. The PRRSV proliferation were slightly inhibited in overexpression of pB4GALT5 transfected cells, the interaction of B4GALT5 and GP5 of PRRSV was firstly be detected by Co-IP, and the co-location between B4GALT5 and GP5 were also observed in golgi membranes by confocal microscopy. A significant increasing mRNA transcription, including inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α) and some cell surface glycosylated protein involved in antigen present (MHC-I/II), cell adhesion and migration (chemokine MCP-1 and receptor CCR2; LFA-1, ICAM-1) were upregulated in B4GALT5 overexpressed PRRSV infected cells. Our results demonstrated that the regulation of pB4GALT5 plays an important roles in PRRSV proliferation and modification function in viral infection cells. And these results will make achievements by supporting the research of latent mechanisms of β-1, 4 galactosyltransferase V in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peidian Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengxue Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxin Su
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Jang KK, Lee ZW, Kim B, Jung YH, Han HJ, Kim MH, Kim BS, Choi SH. Identification and characterization of Vibrio vulnificus plpA encoding a phospholipase A 2 essential for pathogenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17129-17143. [PMID: 28855258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus causes food-borne diseases, which may lead to life-threatening septicemia in some individuals. Therefore, identifying virulence factors in V. vulnificus is of high priority. We performed a transcriptome analysis on V. vulnificus after infection of human intestinal HT29-methotrexate cells and found induction of plpA, encoding a putative phospholipase, VvPlpA. Bioinformatics, biochemical, and genetic analyses demonstrated that VvPlpA is a phospholipase A2 secreted in a type II secretion system-dependent manner. Compared with the wild type, the plpA mutant exhibited reduced mortality, systemic infection, and inflammation in mice as well as low cytotoxicity toward the human epithelial INT-407 cells. Moreover, plpA mutation attenuated the release of actin and cytosolic cyclophilin A from INT-407 cells, indicating that VvPlpA is a virulence factor essential for causing lysis and necrotic death of the epithelial cells. plpA transcription was growth phase-dependent, reaching maximum levels during the early stationary phase. Also, transcription factor HlyU and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) mediate additive activation and host-dependent induction of plpA Molecular biological analyses revealed that plpA expression is controlled via the promoter, P plpA , and that HlyU and CRP directly bind to P plpA upstream sequences. Taken together, this study demonstrated that VvPlpA is a type II secretion system-dependent secretory phospholipase A2 regulated by HlyU and CRP and is essential for the pathogenicity of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ku Jang
- From the National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, and
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- From the National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, and
| | - Bityeoul Kim
- From the National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, and
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- the Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea and
| | - Ho Jae Han
- the Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea and
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- the Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- the Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- From the National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, and
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