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Di J, Lu XS, Sun M, Zhao ZM, Zhang CD. Hospital volume-mortality association after esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:3021-3029. [PMID: 38353697 PMCID: PMC11093504 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative mortality plays an important role in evaluating the surgical safety of esophagectomy. Although postoperative mortality after esophagectomy is partly influenced by the yearly hospital surgical case volume (hospital volume), this association remains unclear. METHODS Studies assessing the association between hospital volume and postoperative mortality in patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were searched for eligibility. Odds ratios were pooled for the highest versus lowest categories of hospital volume using a random effects model. The dose-response association between hospital volume and the risk of postoperative mortality was analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO. RESULTS Fifty-six studies including 385 469 participants were included. A higher-volume hospital significantly reduced the risk of postesophagectomy mortality by 53% compared with their lower-volume counterparts (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI: 0.42-0.53). Similar results were found in subgroup analyses. Volume-outcome analysis suggested that postesophagectomy mortality rates remained roughly stable after the hospital volume reached a plateau of 45 esophagectomies per year. CONCLUSIONS Higher-volume hospitals had significantly lower postesophagectomy mortality rates in patients with esophageal cancer, with a threshold of 45 esophagectomies per year for a high-volume hospital. This remarkable negative correlation showed the benefit of a better safety in centralization of esophagectomy to a high-volume hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ming Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Chun-Dong Zhang
- Central Laboratory
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
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Wright FC, Milkovich J, Hunter A, Darling G, Irish J. Refining the thoracic surgical oncology regionalization standards for esophageal surgery in Ontario, Canada: Moving from good to better. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:1502-1509. [PMID: 37005118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consolidation of surgical practices has been suggested to improve patient outcomes for complex surgeries. In 2005, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario released the Thoracic Surgical Oncology Standards to facilitate the regionalization process at thoracic centers in Ontario, Canada. This work describes the quality-improvement process involved in updating the minimum surgical volume and supporting requirement recommendations for thoracic centers to further optimize patient care for esophageal cancer. METHODS We conducted a literature review to identify and synthesize evidence informing the volume-outcome relationship related to esophagectomy. The results of this review and esophageal cancer surgery common indicators (reoperation rate, unplanned visit rate, 30-day and 90-day mortality) from Ontario's Surgical Quality Indicator Report were presented and reviewed by a Thoracic Esophageal Standards Expert Panel and Surgical Oncology Program Leads at Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario. Hospital outliers were identified, and a subgroup analysis was conducted to determine the most appropriate minimum surgical volume threshold based on 30- and 90-day mortality rates data from the last 3 fiscal years. RESULTS Based on the finding that a significant decrease in mortality occurred at 12 to 15 esophagectomies per year, the Thoracic Esophageal Standards Expert Panel reached a consensus that thoracic centers should perform a minimum of 15 esophagectomies per year. The panel also recommended that any center performing esophagectomies have at least 3 thoracic surgeons to ensure continuity in clinical care. CONCLUSIONS We have described the process involved in updating the provincial minimum volume threshold and the appropriate support services for esophageal cancer surgery in Ontario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Wright
- Surgical Oncology Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John Milkovich
- Surgical Oncology Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Hunter
- Surgical Oncology Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gail Darling
- Surgical Oncology Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Thoracic Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Irish
- Surgical Oncology Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Hallet J, Sutradhar R, Eskander A, Carrier FM, McIsaac D, Turgeon AF, d'Empaire PP, Idestrup C, Flexman A, Lorello G, Darling G, Kidane B, Chan WC, Kaliwal Y, Barabash V, Coburn N, Jerath A. Variation in Anesthesiology Provider-Volume for Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Study. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e820-e826. [PMID: 36727738 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine between-hospital and between-anesthesiologist variation in anesthesiology provider-volume (PV) and delivery of high-volume anesthesiology care. BACKGROUND Better outcomes for anesthesiologists with higher PV of complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery have been reported. The factors linking anesthesiology practice and organization to volume are unknown. METHODS We identified patients undergoing elective esophagectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreatectomy using linked administrative health data sets (2007-2018). Anesthesiology PV was the annual number of procedures done by the primary anesthesiologist in the 2 years before the index surgery. High-volume anesthesiology was PV>6 procedures/year. Funnel plots to described variation in anesthesiology PV and delivery of high-volume care. Hierarchical regression models examined between-anesthesiologist and between-hospital variation in delivery of high-volume care use with variance partition coefficients (VPCs) and median odds ratios (MORs). RESULTS Among 7893 patients cared for at 17 hospitals, funnel plots showed variation in anesthesiology PV (median ranging from 1.5, interquartile range: 1-2 to 11.5, interquartile range: 8-16) and delivery of HV care (ranging from 0% to 87%) across hospitals. After adjustment, 32% (VPC 0.32) and 16% (VPC: 0.16) of the variation were attributable to between-anesthesiologist and between-hospital differences, respectively. This translated to an anesthesiologist MOR of 4.81 (95% CI, 3.27-10.3) and hospital MOR of 3.04 (95% CI, 2.14-7.77). CONCLUSIONS Substantial variation in anesthesiology PV and delivery of high-volume anesthesiology care existed across hospitals. The anesthesiologist and the hospital were key determinants of the variation in high-volume anesthesiology care delivery. This suggests that targeting anesthesiology structures of care could reduce variation and improve delivery of high-volume anesthesiology care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Eskander
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - François M Carrier
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Carrefour de l'innovation et santé des populations, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pablo Perez d'Empaire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Idestrup
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alana Flexman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gianni Lorello
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gail Darling
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Barabash
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Jerath
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Peltrini R, Giordani B, Duranti G, Salvador R, Costantini M, Corcione F, Bracale U, Baglio G. Trends and perioperative mortality in gastric cancer surgery: a nationwide population‑based cohort study. Updates Surg 2023; 75:1873-1879. [PMID: 37620595 PMCID: PMC10543522 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate changes and perioperative mortality over a 6-year period within the Italian Hospital Information System among patients with gastric cancer (GC) who underwent gastrectomies and to identify risk factors associated with 90-day mortality. Additionally, nationwide differences between high and low-volume hospitals were evaluated. A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using patient hospital discharge records (HDRs) based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) classification. The HDRs were linked to the National Tax Registry records using deterministic record linkage. The data were obtained from the Italian National Outcomes Evaluation Programme (PNE). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for 90-day mortality among patients with GC who underwent partial or total gastrectomies over the period from 2018 to 2020 with adjustment for comorbidities. Overall, the number of patients with GC who underwent total or partial gastrectomies steadily decreased in Italy from 5765 in 2015 to 4291 in 2020 (p < 0.001). The use of the laparoscopic approach more than doubled from 2015 (10.8%) to 2020 (26.3%), with a concomitant conversion rate from laparoscopy to open surgery decreasing from 7.7 to 5.8%. The 30 and 90-day mortality rates remained stable over time (p > 0.05). Low-volume hospitals had higher inpatient, early, and late mortality compared to high-volume hospitals (5.9% vs 3.8%, 6.3% vs 3.8%, and 11.8% vs 7.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an advanced age (adjusted odds ratio: 3.72; 95% [CI]: 3.15-4.39; p < 0.001), an open approach (adjusted-OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.43-1.99, p < 0.001) and a total gastrectomy (adjusted-OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27-1.64, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. Additionally, patients with GC who referred to high-volume hospitals were 26% less likely to die within 90 days after a gastrectomy than those who underwent surgery in low-volume hospitals. During the 6-year period, surgeons implemented a minimally invasive approach to reduce the conversion over time. Centralisation was associated with better outcomes while advanced age, an open approach, and total gastrectomy were identified as risk factors for 90-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Peltrini
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Research and International Relations Unit, Italian National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services, 00187, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Duranti
- Research and International Relations Unit, Italian National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services, 00187, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Salvador
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Costantini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Corcione
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Bracale
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baglio
- Research and International Relations Unit, Italian National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services, 00187, Rome, Italy
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5
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Hallet J, Jerath A, Perez d'Empaire P, Eskander A, Carrier FM, McIsaac DI, Turgeon AF, Idestrup C, Flexman AM, Lorello G, Darling G, Kidane B, Kaliwal Y, Barabash V, Coburn N, Sutradhar R. The Association Between Hospital High-volume Anesthesiology Care and Patient Outcomes for Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Population-based Study. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e503-e510. [PMID: 36538638 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of between hospital rates of high-volume anesthesiology care and of postoperative major morbidity. BACKGROUND Individual anesthesiology volume has been associated with individual patient outcomes for complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery. However, whether hospital-level anesthesiology care, where changes can be made, influences the outcomes of patients cared at this hospital is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, or hepatectomy for cancer from 2007 to 2018. The exposure was hospital-level adjusted rate of high-volume anesthesiology care. The outcome was hospital-level adjusted rate of 90-day major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grade 3-5). Scatterplots visualized the relationship between each hospital's adjusted rates of high-volume anesthesiology and major morbidity. Analyses at the hospital-year level examined the association with multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS For 7893 patients at 17 hospitals, the rates of high-volume anesthesiology varied from 0% to 87.6%, and of major morbidity from 38.2% to 45.4%. The scatter plot revealed a weak inverse relationship between hospital rates of high-volume anesthesiology and of major morbidity (Pearson: -0.23). The adjusted hospital rate of high-volume anesthesiology was independently associated with the adjusted hospital rate of major morbidity (rate ratio: 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98; P <0.001 for each 10% increase in the high-volume rate). CONCLUSIONS Hospitals that provided high-volume anesthesiology care to a higher proportion of patients were associated with lower rates of 90-day major morbidity. For each additional 10% patients receiving care by a high-volume anesthesiologist at a given hospital, there was an associated reduction of 4% in that hospital's rate of major morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Jerath
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Perez d'Empaire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - François M Carrier
- Carrefour de l'innovation et santé des populations, Centre de recherche du CHUM, and Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Critical Care, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel I McIsaac
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Chris Idestrup
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alana M Flexman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gianni Lorello
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gail Darling
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Departments of Surgery and of Community Health Sciences, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Barabash
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rajendran L, Hopkins A, Hallet J, Sinha R, Tanwani J, Kao MM, Eskander A, Barabash V, Idestrup C, Perez P, Jerath A. Role of intraoperative processes of care during major upper gastrointestinal oncological resection in postoperative outcomes: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068339. [PMID: 37407044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal delivery and organisation of care is critical for surgical outcomes and healthcare systems efficiency. Anaesthesia volumes have been recently associated with improved postoperative recovery outcomes; however, the mechanism is unclear. Understanding the individual processes of care (interventions received by the patient) is important to design effective systems that leverage the volume-outcome association to improve patient care. The primary objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the evidence regarding intraoperative processes of care for upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery. We aim to synthesise the quantity, type, and scope of studies on intraoperative processes of care in adults who undergo major upper gastrointestinal cancer surgeries (oesophagectomy, hepatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and gastrectomy) to better understand the volume-outcome relationship for anaesthesiology care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension framework for scoping reviews. We will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases for original research articles published after 2010 examining postoperative outcomes in adult patients undergoing either: oesophagectomy, hepatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, or gastrectomy, which report at least one intraoperative processes of care (intervention or framework) applied by anaesthesia or surgery. The data from included studies will be extracted, charted, and summarised both quantitatively and qualitatively through descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethics approval is required for this scoping review. Results will be disseminated through publication targeted at relevant stakeholders in anaesthesiology and cancer surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/392UG; https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-392ug-v1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luckshi Rajendran
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Hopkins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Hallet
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rishie Sinha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jaya Tanwani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mian-Mian Kao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Barabash
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Idestrup
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Jerath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hellingman T, van Beneden MLH, den Bakker CM, Zonderhuis BM, Kazemier G. Perspectives of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases on e-consultation in transmural care: a qualitative study : Is privacy really an issue? BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:541. [PMID: 37231462 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive cancer networks have been established to deliver high-quality care for patients with cancer. Logistic challenges are faced, when patients need to be referred for specialized treatments. Despite strengthened privacy legislations, digital platforms are increasingly used to consult specialists from dedicated liver centers or refer patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) for local treatment strategies. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of patients with CRLM regarding e-consultation of transmural specialists. METHODS A focus group study was conducted. Patients referred from regional hospitals to an academic liver center for treatment of CRLM were asked to participate. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic content analysis of data was conducted, comprising open, axial, and selective coding of the transcripts. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were used. RESULTS Two focus groups were held, involving 11 patients and 8 relatives. Three major themes were identified with regard to e-consultation in transmural care: 'data management', 'expertise', and 'information and coordination'. Confidence in the expertise of physicians appeared most important during the course of treatment, as patients experienced uncertainty after diagnosis of cancer. Despite the privacy risks, use of digital communication platforms to contact experts in the field were strongly endorsed to improve eligibility for potentially curative treatment. Moreover, e-consultation of specialists may reduce waiting times, due to effective coordination of care. CONCLUSION Initiatives to improve medical data transfer between care providers were encouraged to achieve effective coordination of oncological care. The potential hazard of privacy violation associated with digital data exchange is accepted by patients and their relatives, provided that use of digital data improves patient's own health care, research or education.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hellingman
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M L H van Beneden
- Department of Strategy and Innovation, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M den Bakker
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Boerhaavelaan 22, 2035 RC, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - B M Zonderhuis
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Marano L, Verre L, Carbone L, Poto GE, Fusario D, Venezia DF, Calomino N, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Polom K, Marrelli D, Roviello F, Kok JHH, Vashist Y. Current Trends in Volume and Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072708. [PMID: 37048791 PMCID: PMC10094776 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is ranked as the fifth most frequently diagnosed type of cancer. Complete resection with adequate lymphadenectomy represents the goal of treatment with curative intent. Quality assurance is a crucial factor in the evaluation of oncological surgical care, and centralization of healthcare in referral hospitals has been proposed in several countries. However, an international agreement about the setting of “high-volume hospitals” as well as “minimum volume standards” has not yet been clearly established. Despite the clear postoperative mortality benefits that have been described for gastric cancer surgery conducted by high-volume surgeons in high-volume hospitals, many authors have highlighted the limitations of a non-composite variable to define the ideal postoperative period. The textbook outcome represents a multidimensional measure assessing the quality of care for cancer patients. Transparent and easily available hospital data will increase patients’ awareness, providing suitable elements for a more informed hospital choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Verre
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ludovico Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianmario Edoardo Poto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Fusario
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Natale Calomino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Johnn Henry Herrera Kok
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Vedire Y, Rana N, Groman A, Siromoni B, Yendamuri S, Mukherjee S. Geographical Disparities in Esophageal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050685. [PMID: 36900690 PMCID: PMC10001323 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous research on neuroendocrine and gastric cancers has shown that patients living in rural areas have worse outcomes than urban patients. This study aimed to investigate the geographic and sociodemographic disparities in esophageal cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on esophageal cancer patients between 1975 and 2016 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Both univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) between patients residing in rural (RA) and urban (MA) areas. Further, we used the National Cancer Database to understand differences in various quality of care metrics based on residence. RESULTS N = 49,421 (RA [12%]; MA [88%]). The incidence and mortality rates were consistently higher during the study period in RA. Patients living in RA were more commonly males (p < 0.001), Caucasian (p < 0.001), and had adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that RA had worse OS (HR = 1.08; p < 0.01) and DSS (HR = 1.07; p < 0.01). Quality of care was similar, except RA patients were more likely to be treated at a community hospital (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified geographic disparities in esophageal cancer incidence and outcomes despite the similar quality of care. Future research is needed to understand and attenuate such disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshwanth Vedire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Navpreet Rana
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Adrienne Groman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Beas Siromoni
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-845-1300; Fax: +1-716-845-8935
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10
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Surgeon experience in glioblastoma surgery of the elderly-a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:563-572. [PMID: 36719614 PMCID: PMC9992256 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of individual surgeon experience on overall survival (OS), extent of resection (EOR) and surgery-related morbidity in elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM), we performed a retrospective case-by-case analysis. METHODS GBM patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent tumor resection at two academic centers were analyzed. The experience of each neurosurgeon was quantified in three ways: (1) total number of previously performed glioma surgeries (lifetime experience); (2) number of surgeries performed in the previous five years (medium-term experience) and (3) in the last two years (short-term experience). Surgeon experience data was correlated with survival (OS) and surrogate parameters for surgical quality (EOR, morbidity). RESULTS 198 GBM patients (median age 73.0 years, median preoperative KPS 80, IDH-wildtype status 96.5%) were included. Median OS was 10.0 months (95% CI 8.0-12.0); median EOR was 89.4%. Surgery-related morbidity affected 19.7% patients. No correlations of lifetime surgeon experience with OS (P = .693), EOR (P = .693), and surgery-related morbidity (P = .435) were identified. Adjuvant therapy was associated with improved OS (P < .001); patients with surgery-related morbidity were less likely to receive adjuvant treatment (P = .002). In multivariable testing, adjuvant therapy (P < .001; HR = 0.064, 95%CI 0.028-0.144) remained the only significant predictor for improved OS. CONCLUSION Less experienced neurosurgeons achieve similar surgical results and outcome in elderly GBM patients within the setting of academic teaching hospitals. Adjuvant treatment and avoidance of surgery-related morbidity are crucial for generating a treatment benefit for this cohort.
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11
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Muir D, Antonowicz S, Whiting J, Low D, Maynard N. Implementation of the Esophagectomy Complication Consensus Group definitions: the benefits of speaking the same language. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6603615. [PMID: 35673848 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2015 the Esophagectomy Complication Consensus Group (ECCG) reported consensus definitions for complications after esophagectomy. This aimed to reduce variation in complication reporting, attributed to heterogeneous definitions. This systematic review aimed to describe the implementation of this definition set, including the effect on complication frequency and variation. A systematic literature review was performed, identifying all observational and randomized studies reporting complication frequencies after esophagectomy since the ECCG publication. Recruitment periods before and subsequent to the index ECCG publication date were included. Coefficients of variance were calculated to assess outcome heterogeneity. Of 144 studies which met inclusion criteria, 70 (48.6%) used ECCG definitions. The median number of separately reported complication types was five per study; only one study reported all ECCG complications. The coefficients of variance of the reported frequencies of eight of the 10 most common complications were reduced in studies which used the ECCG definitions compared with those that did not (P = 0.036). Among ECCG studies, the frequencies of postoperative pneumothorax, reintubation, and pulmonary emboli were significantly reduced in 2020-2021, compared with 2015-2019 (P = 0.006, 0.034, and 0.037 respectively). The ECCG definition set has reduced variation in esophagectomy morbidity reporting. This adds greater confidence to the observed gradual improvement in outcomes with time, and its ongoing use and wider dissemination should be encouraged. However, only a handful of outcomes are widely reported, and only rarely is it used in its entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Muir
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Antonowicz
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack Whiting
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Donald Low
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nick Maynard
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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12
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Lorenzon L, Biondi A, Agnes A, Scrima O, Persiani R, D’Ugo D. Quality Over Volume: Modeling Centralization of Gastric Cancer Resections in Italy. J Gastric Cancer 2022; 22:35-46. [PMID: 35425653 PMCID: PMC8980598 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2022.22.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between hospital volume and postoperative outcomes has led to the centralization of complex procedures in several countries. However, the results reported in relation to gastric cancer (GC) are contradictory. This study aimed to analyze GC surgical volumes and 30-day postoperative mortality in Italy and to provide a simulation for modeling centralization of GC resections based on district case volumes. Methods A national registry was used to identify all GC resections, record mortality rates, and track the national in-border GC resection health travel. Hospitals were grouped according to caseload. Centralization of all GC procedures performed within the same district was modeled. The outcome measures were a minimal volume of 25 GC resections/year and the 30-day postoperative mortality. Results In 2018, 5,873 GC resections were performed in 498 Italian hospitals (mean resections per hospital per year: 11.8); the postoperative mortality rate (5.51%) was tracked from 2016–2018. GC resection health travel ranged from 2% to 50.5%, with a significant (P<0.001) difference between northern and central/southern Italy. The mean mortality rate was 7.7% in hospitals performing one to 3 GC resections per year, compared with 4.7% in those with >17 GC resections/year (P≤0.01). Most Italian districts achieved 25 procedures/year after centralization; however, 66.3% of GC cases in southern Italy vs. 42.2% in central and 52.7% in the northern regions (P<0.001) required reallocation. Conclusion Postoperative mortality after GC resection correlated with hospital volume. Despite health travel, most Italian districts can reach a high-volume threshold, but discrepancies in mortality rates are alarming. Trial Registration
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzon
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Biondi
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Agnes
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavio Scrima
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Persiani
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D’Ugo
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Tarnasky AM, Achey MA, Wachsmuth LP, Williamson H, Thomas SM, Commander SJ, Leraas H, Driscoll T, Tracy ET. Non-inferiority of fragmented care for high-risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients: a single institution analysis. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:731-744. [PMID: 33970762 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1922557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric neuroblastoma (NB) patients receive multi-modal therapy and may experience care fragmented among multiple institutions with a significant travel burden, which has been associated with poor outcomes for some adult cancers. We hypothesized that fragmented care for pediatric NB patients is associated with inferior outcomes compared to treatment consolidated at one location. We reviewed paper and electronic records for pediatric NB patients who received ≥1 hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) at Duke from 1990-2017. Fragmented care was defined by treatment at >1 institution and grouped by 2 institutions vs. 3+ institutions. Distances were calculated using Google Maps. To compare all care groups, we used Fisher's Exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests for demographic and treatment characteristics, Kaplan-Meier for unadjusted overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards for factors associated with OS. Of 127 eligible patients, 102 (80.3%) patients experienced fragmented care, with 17 treated at 3+ facilities. Kaplan-Meier analysis did not associate fragmented care with increased mortality (log-rank p = 0.13). With multivariate analysis, only earlier diagnostic decade and greater distance to HSCT remained significantly associated with worsened OS. In this single institutional study, we found fragmented care did not impact overall survival. Worsened overall survival was associated with increased travel distance for HSCT and further research should aim to improve supportive processes for patients undergoing HSCT for high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Tarnasky
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meredith A Achey
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luke P Wachsmuth
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Thomas
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Jane Commander
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harold Leraas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tim Driscoll
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elisabeth T Tracy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Zhu Y, Qin S, Jia Y, Li J, Chen W, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. Surgeon volume and the risk of deep surgical site infection following open reduction and internal fixation of closed tibial plateau fracture. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2021; 46:605-614. [PMID: 34550417 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-05221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidences supported that the surgeon case volume significantly affected post-operative complications or outcomes following a range of elective or non-elective orthopaedic surgery; no data has been available for surgically treated tibial plateau fractures. We aimed to investigate the relationship between surgeon volume and the risk of deep surgical site infection (DSSI) following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of closed tibial plateau fracture. METHODS This was a further analysis of the prospectively collected data. Adult patients undergoing ORIF procedure for closed tibial plateau fracture between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. Surgeon volume was defined as the number of surgically treated tibial fractures in the preceding 12 months and dichotomized on the basis of the optimal cut-off value determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The outcome was DSSI within one year post-operatively. Multiple multivariate logistic models were constructed for "drilling down" adjustment of confounders. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the robustness of outcome and identify the "optimal" subgroups. RESULTS Among 742 patients, 20 (2.7%) had a DSSI and 17 experienced re-operations. The optimal cut-off value for case volume was nine, and the low-volume surgeon was independently associated with 2.9-fold (OR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.1 to 7.5) increased risk of DSSI in the totally adjusted multivariate model. The sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with original BMI data or those operated within 14 days after injury did not alter the outcomes (OR, 2.937, and 95%CI, 1.133 to 7.615; OR, 2.658, and 95%CI, 1.018 to 7.959, respectively). The subgroup analyses showed a trend to higher risk of DSSI for type I-IV fractures (OR, 4.6; 95%CI, 0.9 to 27.8) classified as Schatzker classification and substantially higher risk in patients with concurrent fractures (OR, 6.1; 95%CI, 1.0 to 36.5). CONCLUSION The surgeon volume is independently associated with the rate of DSSI, and a number of ≥ nine cases/year are necessarily kept for reducing DSSIs; patients with concurrent fractures should be preferentially operated on by high-volume surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the 3Rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiji Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the 3Rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Jia
- Basic Medicine School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the 3Rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the 3Rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the 3Rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Orthopaedic Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the 3Rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Orthopaedic Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gandjian M, Williamson C, Sanaiha Y, Hadaya J, Tran Z, Kim ST, Revels S, Benharash P. Continued Relevance of Minimum Volume Standards for Elective Esophagectomy: A National Perspective. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:426-433. [PMID: 34437854 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite minimum volume recommendations, the majority of esophagectomies are performed at centers with fewer than 20 annual cases. The present study examined the impact of institutional esophagectomy volume on in-hospital mortality, complications and resource use following esophageal resection. METHODS The 2010-2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried to identify all adult patients undergoing esophagectomy for malignancy. Hospitals were categorized as high-volume (HVH) if performing at least 20 esophagectomies annually, and low-volume (LVH) if fewer. Multivariable models were developed to study the impact of volume on outcomes of interest which included in-hospital mortality, complications, duration of hospitalization (LOS), inflation adjusted costs, readmissions, and non-home discharge. RESULTS Of an estimated 23,176 hospitalizations, 45.6% occurred at HVH. Incidence of esophagectomy increased significantly along with median institutional case load over the study period, while the proportion on hospitals considered HVH remained steady at approximately 7.4%. After adjusting for relevant patient and hospital characteristics, HVH was associated with decreased mortality (AOR=0.65), LOS (β=-1.83 days), pneumonia (AOR=0.69), prolonged ventilation (AOR=0.50), sepsis (AOR=0.80), and tracheostomy (AOR=0.66), but increased odds of non-home discharge (AOR=1.56, all P<0.01), with LVH as reference. CONCLUSIONS Many clinical outcomes of esophagectomy are improved with no increment in costs when performed at centers with an annual caseload of at least 20, as recommended by patient advocacy organizations. These findings suggest that centralization of esophageal resections to high-volume centers may be congruent with value-based care models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gandjian
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yas Sanaiha
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zachary Tran
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel T Kim
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sha'shonda Revels
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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16
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Tian K, Baade PD, Aitken JF, Narendra A, Smithers BM. Procedure-specific outcomes following gastrectomy for cancer compared by hospital volume and service capability. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:2430-2435. [PMID: 34405517 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International literature recommends centralising gastric cancer surgery, however, with volumes that define 'high-volume resection' being higher than those in most major centres in Australia and New Zealand. These reports rarely focus on the difference between total (TG) and partial gastrectomy (PG). We assessed the impact of resection volume and service capability on operative mortality, morbidity and surgical quality in patients who had a PG and TG. METHODS Patients who had gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma, between 2001 and 2015, were collected from the Queensland Oncology Repository. Hospitals were characterised by cases-per-annum (high-volume [HV] ≥ 5 and low-volume [LV] < 5) and hospital service capability as (high-service [HS] and low-service [LS]), giving three hospital groups: HVHS, LVHS and LVLS. Chi-squared tests were used to compare post-operative mortality, morbidity, failure to rescue (FTR) from complications and surgical quality between these three groups. RESULTS There were 426 patients who had a TG and 827 having PG. HVHS centres performed 59% of PG with high surgical quality rates of: HVHS = 53%, LVHS = 34% and LVLS = 46% (p < 0.01). Surgical complications were highest in LVLS (LVLS = 19%, LVHS = 11%, HVHS = 11%; p = 0.02). There was no difference in 30-day mortality nor in FTR. For TG, HVHS performed 67% of these procedures, with lower 30-day mortality (2%) and FTR rates (5%) compared with LVHS (7%, 22%) and LVLS (12%, 28%; p < 0.01). There was no difference in operative morbidity and surgical quality between hospital groups. CONCLUSION Despite the 'high-volume' threshold for gastrectomy being the lowest described in the literature, we have shown that centralisation to HVHS centres was associated with lower operative mortality for TG and improved quality of surgery for PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia.,University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaditya Narendra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Alliance Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Mark Smithers
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Alliance Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Upper Gastrointestinal, Soft Tissue and Melanoma Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Rusch VW. Commentary: Outcomes after esophagectomy: The devil is in the details. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:1547-1548. [PMID: 34274145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie W Rusch
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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18
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Hassn A, Gupta A, Ramadan M. Evaluation of oesophageal and gastric resection outcomes in a small-volume unit. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 67:102499. [PMID: 34188911 PMCID: PMC8220169 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oesophagogastric resections continue to be a major surgical challenge with high morbidity, this has led to a worldwide trend for centralisation of these complex surgeries. However, there is no clear agreement on what constitutes a high-volume centre, leading to worldwide disparity. We evaluate our experience of oesophagogastric resection in a small volume unit to seek other factors that influence patient outcome. Methods We analysed 173 consecutive oesophagogastric resection from 2010 to 2020. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and secondary outcome included peri-operative morbidity, length of stay, lymph node harvest, R0 resection. Collected continuous data were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and categorical data using the chi-squared test and expressed as p value. Results Of the 173 patients, 94 (54%) underwent hybrid minimal invasive esophagectomy (HIMO) and 79 (46%) underwent gastrectomy. 135 (78%) patients received Neoadjuvant therapy. The site of tumour was GOJ in 29%, distal stomach in 26% and distal oesophagus in 20%. Perioperative morbidity was observed in 18 (19%) after esophagectomy and 9 (11.4%) after gastrectomy. The median lymph node harvest was 18 (range 5–42) and 168 patients (97%) had longitudinal R0 resection. The most common complication was neurological seen in 3.6% followed by pulmonary complication and anastomotic leak seen in 5 patients (3%) each. The median in hospital stay was 6 days and the 30 day mortality was 2.9% with one year survival of 87%. Conclusion Small volume centres can produce comparable results. The outcomes depend on multifold parameters which include surgeon's experience in the field, ability to adhere to protocols and procedures and strong interpersonal relationship with individual patients. Centralisation of Oesophagogastric resection due to high risks of morbidity. Comparable outcome at small volume center. Benefits of continuity of care and building strong relationship with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hassn
- Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, United Kingdom
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, United Kingdom
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Patel DC, Jeffrey Yang CF, He H, Liou DZ, Backhus LM, Lui NS, Shrager JB, Berry MF. Influence of facility volume on long-term survival of patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:1536-1546.e3. [PMID: 34247867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of facility volume on long-term survival in patients with esophageal cancer treated with esophagectomy. METHODS Patients treated with esophagectomy for cT1 3N0 3M0 adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the mid-distal esophagus in the National Cancer Database between 2006 and 2013 were stratified by annual facility esophagectomy volume dichotomized as more/less than both 6 and 20. Patient characteristics associated with facility volume were evaluated using logistic regression, and the influence of facility volume on survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards methods, and propensity matched analysis. RESULTS Of 11,739 patients who had esophagectomy at 1018 facilities where annual volume ranged from 1 to 47.6 cases, 4262 (36.3%) were treated at 44 facilities with annual esophagectomy volume > 6 and 1515 (12.9%) were treated at 7 facilities with annual volume > 20. Higher volume was associated with significantly better 5-year survival for both annual volume > 6 (47.6% vs 40.2%; P < .001) and annual volume > 20 (47.2% vs 42.3%; P < .001), which persisted in propensity matched analyses as well as Cox multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.89; P < .001 for facility volume > 6 and hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.95; P = .01 for facility volume > 20). In Cox multivariable analysis that considered facility volume as a continuous variable, higher volume continued to be associated with better survival (hazard ratio, 0.93 per 5 cases; 95% CI, 0.91-0.96; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Esophageal cancer patients treated with esophagectomy at higher volume facilities have significantly better long-term survival than patients treated at lower volume facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven C Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hao He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Douglas Z Liou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Leah M Backhus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Natalie S Lui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Mark F Berry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.
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20
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Hallet J, Davis L, Mahar A, Mavros M, Beyfuss K, Liu Y, Law CHL, Earle C, Coburn N. Benefits of High-Volume Medical Oncology Care for Noncurable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 18:297-303. [PMID: 32135510 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2019.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) surgery performed by high-volume (HV) providers yields better outcomes, volume-outcome relationships are unknown for medical oncologists. This study examined variation in practice and outcomes in noncurative management of PA based on medical oncology provider volume. METHODS This population-based cohort study linked administrative healthcare datasets and included nonresected PA from 2005 through 2016. The volume of PA consultations per medical oncology provider per year was divided into quintiles, with HV providers (≥16 patients/year) constituting the fifth quintile and low-volume (LV) providers the first to fourth quintiles. Outcomes were receipt of chemotherapy and overall survival (OS). The Brown-Forsythe-Levene (BFL) test for equality of variances was performed to assess outcome variability between provider-volume quintiles. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between management by HV provider and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 7,062 patients with noncurable PA consulted with medical oncology providers. Variability was seen in receipt of chemotherapy and median survival based on provider volume (BFL, P<.001 for both), with superior 1-year OS for HV providers (30.1%; 95% CI, 27.7%-32.4%) compared with LV providers (19.7%; 95% CI, 18.5%-20.6%) (P<.001). After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, comorbidity burden, rural residence, income, and diagnosis period, HV provider care was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34) and with superior OS (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Significant variation was seen in noncurative management and outcomes of PA based on provider volume, with management by an HV provider being independently associated with superior OS and higher odds of receiving chemotherapy. This information is important to inform disease care pathways and care organization. Cancer care systems could consider increasing the number of HV providers to reduce variation and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,University of Toronto.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
| | | | - Alyson Mahar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
| | - Calvin H L Law
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,University of Toronto.,Sunnybrook Research Institute
| | - Craig Earle
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,University of Toronto.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
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21
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Hallet J, Jerath A, Turgeon AF, McIsaac DI, Eskander A, Zuckerman J, Zuk V, Sohail S, Darling GE, Dharma C, Coburn NG, Sutradhar R. Association Between Anesthesiologist Volume and Short-term Outcomes in Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:479-487. [PMID: 33729435 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Intraoperative anesthesiology care is crucial to high-quality surgical care. The clinical expertise and experience of anesthesiologists may decrease the risk of adverse outcomes. Objective To examine the association between anesthesiologist volume and short-term postoperative outcomes for complex gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used administrative health care data sets from various data sources in Ontario, Canada. Adult patients who underwent esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, or hepatectomy for GI cancer from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2018, were eligible. Patients with an invalid identification number, a duplicate surgery record, and missing primary anesthesiologist information were excluded. Exposures Primary anesthesiologist volume was defined as the annual number of procedures of interest (esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, and hepatectomy) supported by that anesthesiologist in the 2 years before the index surgery. Volume was dichotomized into low-volume and high-volume categories, with 75th percentile or 6 or more procedures per year selected as the cutoff point. Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of 90-day major morbidity (with a Clavien-Dindo classification grade 3-5) and readmission. Secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome. The association between exposure and outcomes was examined using multivariable logistic regression models, accounting for potential confounders. Results Of the 8096 patients included, 5369 were men (66.3%) and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 65 (57-72) years. Operations were supported by 842 anesthesiologists and performed by 186 surgeons, and the median (IQR) anesthesiologist volume was 3 (1.5-6) procedures per year. A total of 2166 patients (26.7%) received care from high-volume anesthesiologists. Primary outcome occurred in 36.3% of patients in the high-volume group and 45.7% of patients in the low-volume group. After adjustment, care by high-volume anesthesiologists was independently associated with lower odds of the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94), major morbidity (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91), unplanned intensive care unit admission (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94), but not readmission (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73-1.05) or mortality (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.84-1.31). E-values analysis indicated that an unmeasured variable would unlikely substantively change the observed risk estimates. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that, among adults who underwent complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery, those who received care from high-volume anesthesiologists had a lower risk of adverse postoperative outcomes compared with those who received care from low-volume anesthesiologists. These findings support organizing perioperative care to increase anesthesiologist volume to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Measurement, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Jerath
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Measurement, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel I McIsaac
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Measurement, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse Zuckerman
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Measurement, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Zuk
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Safa Sohail
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gail E Darling
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Natalie G Coburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Measurement, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Measurement, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Identifying Outlier Hospitals in Gastric Cancer Lymph Node Yield Using the National Cancer Database. J Surg Res 2021; 261:196-204. [PMID: 33450628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node (LN) yield is a key quality indicator that is associated with improved staging in surgically resected gastric cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends a yield of ≥15 LNs for proper staging, yet most facilities in the United States fail to achieve this number. The present study aimed to identify factors that could affect LN yield on a facility level and identify outlier hospitals. METHODS This was a retrospective review of adults (aged ≥18 y) with gastric cancer (Tumor-Node-Metastasis Stages I-III) who underwent gastrectomy. Data were analyzed from the National Cancer Database (2004-2016). Multivariate analysis identified patient and tumor characteristics, whereas an observed-to-expected ratio of identified outlier hospitals. Facility factors were compared between high and low outliers. RESULTS A total of 26,590 patients were included in this study. Of these patients, only 50.3% had an LN yield ≥15. The multivariate model of patient and tumor characteristics demonstrated a concordance index was 0.684. A total of 1245 facilities were included. There were 198 low outlier LN yield hospitals and 135 high outlier LN yield hospitals (observed-to-expected ratio of 0.42 ± 0.24 versus 1.38 ± 0.19, P < 0.0001). There was a difference in facility type between low and high outliers (P < 0.0001). High LN yield hospitals had a larger surgical volume than low LN yield hospitals (median 8.4 [4.9, 13.5] versus 3.5 [2.4, 5.2]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the population exhibited low compliance to National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommendations. Facility-level disparities exist as high yearly surgical volume and academic facility status distinguished high-performing outlier hospitals.
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23
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Narendra A, Baade PD, Aitken JF, Fawcett J, Leggett B, Leggett C, Tian K, Sklavos T, Smithers BM. Hospital characteristics associated with better 'quality of surgery' and survival following oesophagogastric cancer surgery in Queensland: a population-level study. ANZ J Surg 2020; 91:323-328. [PMID: 33155394 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of hospital characteristics on the quality of surgery and survival following oesophagogastric cancer surgery has not been well established in Australia. We assessed the interaction between hospital volume, service capability and surgical outcomes, with the hypothesis that both the quality of surgery and survival are better following treatment in high-volume, high service capability hospitals. METHODS All patients undergoing oesophagectomy and gastrectomy for cancer in Queensland, between 2001 and 2015, were included. Demographic, pathology and outcome data were collected. Hospitals were categorized into high (HV) (≥5 gastrectomies; ≥6 oesophagectomies) and low volume (LV). Hospital service capability was defined as high (HS) and low (LS), and then linked to hospital volume: HVHS, LVHS and LVLS. Higher quality surgery was defined using six perioperative parameters. Univariable comparisons of quality of surgery between hospital groups used chi-squared tests. The 5-year overall survival was compared using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS For both gastrectomy and oesophagectomy, higher quality surgery occurred more frequently in HVHS hospitals (gastrectomy: HVHS = 44.2%, LVHS = 23.1%, LVLS = 29.1% (P < 0.01); oesophagectomy: HVHS = 34.5%, LVHS = 24.4%, LVLS = 21.7% (P = 0.01)). Following oesophagectomy, the 3- and 5-year overall survival was better following treatment in HVHS (P < 0.01). There was no difference between the groups following gastrectomy. CONCLUSION In Queensland, the quality of surgery was higher in HVHS hospitals performing gastrectomy and oesophagectomy; however, the impact on cancer survival was only seen following oesophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Narendra
- The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Cancer Alliance Queensland, Burke Street Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- The University of Queensland, The University of Southern Queensland, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Fawcett
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon Leggett
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Callum Leggett
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Tian
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - B Mark Smithers
- Upper-GI, Soft Tissue and Melanoma Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Cancer Alliance Queensland, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Schlick CJR, Khorfan R, Odell DD, Merkow RP, Bentrem DJ. Adequate Lymphadenectomy as a Quality Measure in Esophageal Cancer: Is there an Association with Treatment Approach? Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:4443-4456. [PMID: 32519142 PMCID: PMC7282211 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The national comprehensive cancer network defines adequate lymphadenectomy as evaluation of ≥ 15 lymph nodes in esophageal cancer. However, varying thresholds have been suggested following neoadjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to (1) explore trends in adequate lymphadenectomy rates over time; (2) evaluate unadjusted lymphadenectomy yield by treatment characteristics; and (3) identify independent factors associated with adequate lymphadenectomy. METHODS The National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer from 2004 to 2015. Adequate lymphadenectomy trends over time were evaluated using the Cochrane-Armitage test, and lymph node yield by treatment approach was compared using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Associations with treatment factors were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among 24,413 patients, 9919 (40.6%) had adequate lymphadenectomy. Meeting the nodal threshold increased over time (52.6% in 2015 vs. 26.0% in 2004; p < 0.01). Lymph node yield did not differ based on neoadjuvant therapy (median 12 [interquartile range 7-19] with and without neoadjuvant therapy; p = 0.44). Adequate lymphadenectomy was not associated with neoadjuvant therapy (40.5% vs. 40.8%, odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.07), but was associated with surgical approach (52.7% of laparoscopic cases, OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.56; 61.2% of robotic cases, OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.34-2.19, vs. 43.5% of open cases), and increasing annual esophagectomy volume (55.6% in the fourth quartile vs. 32.6% in the first quartile; OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.35-5.43). CONCLUSIONS Despite increases over time, only 50% of patients undergo adequate lymphadenectomy during esophageal cancer resection. Adequate lymphadenectomy was not associated with neoadjuvant therapy. Focusing on surgical approach and esophagectomy volume may further improve adequate lymphadenectomy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Jo R Schlick
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rhami Khorfan
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - David D Odell
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ryan P Merkow
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Surgical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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25
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Comparison of Optical Imaging Techniques to Quantitatively Assess the Perfusion of the Gastric Conduit during Oesophagectomy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four optical techniques—Optical Coherence Tomography, Sidestream Darkfield Microscopy, Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging, and Fluorescence Angiography (FA)—were compared on performing an intraoperative quantitative perfusion assessment of the gastric conduit during oesophagectomy. We hypothesised that the quantitative parameters show decreased perfusion towards the fundus in the gastric conduit and in patients with anastomotic leakage. In a prospective study in patients undergoing oesophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction, measurements were taken with all four optical techniques at four locations from the base towards the fundus in the gastric conduit (Loc1, Loc2, Loc3, Loc4). The primary outcome included 14 quantitative parameters and the anastomotic leakage rate. Imaging was performed in 22 patients during oesophagectomy. Ten out of 14 quantitative parameters significantly indicated a reduced perfusion towards the fundus of the gastric conduit. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 4/22 patients (18.4%). At Loc4, the FA quantitative values for “T1/2” and “mean slope” differed between patients with and without anastomotic leakage (p = 0.025 and p = 0.041, respectively). A quantitative perfusion assessment during oesophagectomy is feasible using optical imaging techniques, of which FA is the most promising for future research.
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26
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Duarte MBO, Pereira EB, Lopes LR, Andreollo NA, Carvalheira JBC. Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Surgery for Esophageal Squamous Cancer According to Hospital Volume. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6:828-836. [PMID: 32552112 PMCID: PMC7328122 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is still associated with a dismal prognosis. However, surgical series have shown that high-volume hospitals have better outcomes and that the impact of center volume on definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) or CRT plus surgery (CRT + S) remains unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced stage II-III (non-T4) ESCC treated with dCRT or CRT + S in São Paulo state, Brazil. Descriptive variables were assessed with the χ2 test after categorization of hospital volume (high-volume [HV] center, top 5 higher volume, or low-volume [LV] center). Overall survival (OS) was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards. Finally, an interaction test between each facility's treatments was performed. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2013, 1,347 patients were analyzed (77% treated with dCRT and 65.7% in HV centers) with a median follow-up of 23.7 months. The median OS for dCRT was 14.1 months (95% CI, 13.3 to 15.3 months) and for CRT + S, 20.6 months (95% CI, 16.1 to 24.9 months). In the multivariable analysis, dCRT was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.61; P < .001) compared with CRT + S. HV hospitals were associated with better OS (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.94; P = .004) compared with LV hospitals. Importantly, CRT + S superiority was restricted to HV hospitals (dCRT v CRT + S: HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.89; P < .001), while in LV hospitals, there was no statistically significant difference (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.43; P = .350), with a significant interaction test (Pinteraction = .035). CONCLUSION Our data show that CRT + S is superior to dCRT in the treatment of ESCC exclusively in HV hospitals, which favors the literature trend to centralize the treatment of ESCC in HV centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Bringel Oliveira Duarte
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Baldon Pereira
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Lopes
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Adami Andreollo
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Hallet J, Look Hong NJ, Zuk V, Davis LE, Gupta V, Earle CC, Mittmann N, Coburn NG. Economic impacts of care by high-volume providers for non-curative esophagogastric cancer: a population-based analysis. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:373-381. [PMID: 31834527 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophagogastric cancer (EGC) is one of the deadliest and costliest malignancies to treat. Care by high-volume providers can provide better outcomes for patients with EGC. Cost implications of volume-based cancer care are unclear. We examined the cost-effectiveness of care by high-volume medical oncology providers for non-curative management of EGC. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of non-curative EGC over 2005-2017 by linking administrative datasets. High-volume was defined as ≥ 11 patients/provider/year. Healthcare costs ($USD/patient/month-survived) were computed from diagnosis to death or end of follow-up from the perspective of the healthcare system. Multivariable quantile regression examined the association between care by high-volume providers and costs. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying costing horizons and high-volume definitions. RESULTS Among 7011 non-curative EGC patients, median overall survival was superior with care by high-volume providers with 7.0 (IQR 3.3-13.3) compared to 5.9 (IQR 2.6-12.1) months (p < 0.001) for low-volume providers. Median costs/patient/month-lived were lower for high-volume providers ($5518 vs. $5911; p < 0.001), owing to lower inpatient acute care costs, despite higher medication-associated and radiotherapy costs. Care by high-volume providers was independently associated with a reduction of $599 per patient/month-lived (95% confidence interval - 966 to - 331) compared to low-volume providers. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was - 393. Care by high-volume providers remained the dominant strategy when varying the costing horizon and the high-volume definition. CONCLUSION Care by high-volume providers for non-curative EGC is associated with superior survival and lower healthcare costs, indicating a dominant strategy that may provide an opportunity to improve cost-effectiveness of care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075, Bayview Avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nicole J Look Hong
- Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075, Bayview Avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Zuk
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig C Earle
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Natalie G Coburn
- Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075, Bayview Avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Global updates in the treatment of gastric cancer: a systematic review. Part 2: perioperative management, multimodal therapies, new technologies, standardization of the surgical treatment and educational aspects. Updates Surg 2020; 72:355-378. [PMID: 32306277 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth malignancy and the third cause of cancer death worldwide, according to the global cancer statistics presented in 2018. Its definition and staging have been revised in the eight edition of the AJCC/TNM classification, which took effect in 2018. Novel molecular classifications for GC have been recently established and the process of translating these classifications into clinical practice is ongoing. The cornerstone of GC treatment is surgical, in a context of multimodal therapy. Surgical treatment is being standardized, and is evolving according to new anatomical concepts and to the recent technological developments. This is leading to a massive improvement in the use of mini-invasive techniques. Mini-invasive techniques aim to be equivalent to open surgery from an oncologic point of view, with better short-term outcomes. The persecution of better short-term outcomes also includes the optimization of the perioperative management, which is being implemented on large scale according to the enhanced recovery after surgery principles. In the era of precision medicine, multimodal treatment is also evolving. The long-time-awaited results of many trials investigating the role for preoperative and postoperative management have been published, changing the clinical practice. Novel investigations focused both on traditional chemotherapeutic regimens and targeted therapies are currently ongoing. Modern platforms increase the possibility for further standardization of the different treatments, promote the use of big data and open new possibilities for surgical learning. This systematic review in two parts assesses all the current updates in GC treatment.
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Liu N, Xu Y, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Abbott DE, Weber SM, Lidor AO. National Underutilization of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:949-958. [PMID: 31792901 PMCID: PMC7486798 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the publication of the landmark MAGIC trial in 2006, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care for stage II/III gastric cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not begin their treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of our study was to identify factors associated with underutilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage II/III gastric cancer. METHODS Patients with pathological stage II and III primary gastric cancer between 2004 and 2015 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared with those who underwent surgery only or surgery followed by chemotherapy. Predictors of receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were identified using multivariable logistic regression model. Median survival was calculated for each treatment strategy. RESULTS We included 15,947 patients with pathological stage II/III gastric cancer. The proportion of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy increased from less than 5% before 2006 to 27.5% in 2015. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with no receipt of neoadjuvant therapy included treatment year before 2006 and age greater than 80. Treatment at high-volume centers, academic research programs, or integrated network cancer programs and undergoing total/subtotal or en bloc gastrectomy predicted receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after the publication of the MAGIC trial, fewer than 1/3 of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer are receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which has been shown to improve disease-specific survival. Further studies are needed to understand these disparities and ensure both patients and providers are having evidence-based discussions about multimodal therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amir A Rahnemai-Azar
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel E Abbott
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon M Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne O Lidor
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive, Foregut, and Bariatric Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.
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Kamarajah SK, Lin A, Tharmaraja T, Bharwada Y, Bundred JR, Nepogodiev D, Evans RPT, Singh P, Griffiths EA. Risk factors and outcomes associated with anastomotic leaks following esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2020; 33:5709700. [PMID: 31957798 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anastomotic leaks (AL) are a major complication after esophagectomy. This meta-analysis aimed to determine identify risks factors for AL (preoperative, intra-operative, and post-operative factors) and assess the consequences to outcome on patients who developed an AL. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, and eligible studies were identified through a search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases up to 31 December 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted with the use of random-effects modeling and prospectively registered with the PROSPERO database (Registration CRD42018130732). This review identified 174 studies reporting outcomes of 74,226 patients undergoing esophagectomy. The overall pooled AL rates were 11%, ranging from 0 to 49% in individual studies. Majority of studies were from Asia (n = 79). In pooled analyses, 23 factors were associated with AL (17 preoperative and six intraoperative). AL were associated with adverse outcomes including pulmonary (OR: 4.54, CI95%: 2.99-6.89, P < 0.001) and cardiac complications (OR: 2.44, CI95%: 1.77-3.37, P < 0.001), prolonged hospital stay (mean difference: 15 days, CI95%: 10-21 days, P < 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (OR: 5.91, CI95%: 1.41-24.79, P = 0.015). AL are a major complication following esophagectomy accounting for major morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis identified modifiable risk factors for AL, which can be a target for interventions to reduce AL rates. Furthermore, identification of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors will facilitate risk stratification and prediction of AL enabling better perioperative planning, patient counseling, and informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivesh K Kamarajah
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University NHS Foundation Trust Hospitals, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aaron Lin
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thahesh Tharmaraja
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yashvi Bharwada
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James R Bundred
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dmitri Nepogodiev
- Department of Academic Surgery and College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard P T Evans
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pritam Singh
- Trent Oesophago-Gastric Unit, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ewen A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Hallet J, Davis LE, Mahar AL, Liu Y, Zuk V, Gupta V, Earle CC, Coburn NG. Variation in receipt of therapy and survival with provider volume for medical oncology in non-curative esophago-gastric cancer: a population-based analysis. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:300-309. [PMID: 31628561 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While surgical care by high-volume providers for esophago-gastric cancer (EGC) yields better outcomes, volume-outcome relationships are unknown for systemic therapy. We examined receipt of therapy and outcomes in the non-curative management of EGC based on medical oncology provider volume. METHODS We conducted a population based retrospective cohort study of non-curative EGC over 2005-2017 by linking administrative healthcare datasets. The volume of new EGC consultations per medical oncology provider per year was calculated and divided into quintiles. High-volume (HV) medical oncologists were defined as the 4-5th quintiles. Outcomes were receipt of chemotherapy and overall survival (OS). Multivariate logistic and Cox-proportional hazards regressions examined the association between management by HV medical oncologist, receipt of systemic therapy, and OS. RESULTS 7011 EGC patients with non-curative management consulted with medical oncology. 1-year OS was superior for HV medical oncologists (> 11 patients/year), with 28.4% (95% CI 26.7-30.2%) compared to 25.1% (95% CI 23.8-26.3%) for low volume (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity burden, rurality, income quintile, and diagnosis year, HV medical oncologist was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26), and independently associated with superior OS (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Medical oncology provider volume was associated with variation in non-curative management and outcomes of EGC. Care by an HV medical oncologist was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy and superior OS, after adjusting for case mix. This information is important to inform disease care pathways and care organization; an increase in the number of HV medical oncologists may reduce variation and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Alyson L Mahar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Zuk
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig C Earle
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie G Coburn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Okawa S, Tabuchi T, Morishima T, Koyama S, Taniyama Y, Miyashiro I. Hospital volume and postoperative 5-year survival for five different cancer sites: A population-based study in Japan. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:985-993. [PMID: 31943492 PMCID: PMC7060475 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hospital volume and patient outcome is globally known; thus, hospital volume is widely used as a quality indicator. In Japan, however, recent studies on this topic are scarce. The present study examined whether hospital surgery volume is associated with postoperative 5-year survival among cancer patients. Using the Osaka Cancer Registry, we identified a sample of 86 145 patients who were diagnosed with cancer at any of five different sites (stomach, colorectum, lung, breast and uterus) and underwent surgeries between 2007 and 2011 in Osaka. We ranked hospitals by annual surgical volume, sorted patients in descending order by hospital volume, and assigned them into quartiles (high, medium, low and very low volume). We analyzed the association between hospital volume and 5-year survival among 80 959 patients aged between 15 and 84 years using Cox proportional hazard models. Adjustments were made for characteristics of patients, type of surgery and adjuvant treatment received. The mortality hazard of patients treated at very low-volume hospitals was 1.36-1.82-fold higher than that of patients treated at high-volume hospitals. Absolute differences in adjusted survival rates between high-volume and very low-volume hospitals varied with the cancer site: 14.9 in stomach, 11.5 in colorectal, 10.8 in lung, 2.4 in breast and 3.3 in uterine cancers. Hospitals with lower surgery volumes showed higher mortality risks after cancer surgery than those with higher volumes. Monitoring site-specific surgery volumes and referring patients from low-volume to high-volume hospitals may be beneficial for improving the long-term survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Okawa
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shihoko Koyama
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Taniyama
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Miyashiro
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Bakhos CT, Salami AC, Kaiser LR, Petrov RV, Abbas AE. Outcomes of octogenarians with esophageal cancer: an analysis of the National Cancer Database. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:1-8. [PMID: 30596899 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The optimal treatment of esophageal cancer in octogenarians is controversial. While the safety of esophagectomy has been demonstrated in elderly patients, surgery and multimodality therapy are still offered to a select group. Additionally, the long-term outcomes in octogenarians have not been thoroughly compared to those in younger patients. We sought to compare the outcomes of esophageal cancer treatment between octogenarians and non-octogenarians in the National Cancer Database (2004-2014). The major endpoints were early postoperative mortality and long-term survival. A total of 107,921 patients were identified [octogenarian-16,388 (15.2%)]. Compared to non-octogenarians, octogenarians were more likely to be female, of higher socioeconomic status, and had more Charlson comorbidities (p < 0.001 for all). Octogenarians were significantly less likely to undergo esophagectomy (11.5% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001) and multimodality therapy (2.0% vs. 18.5%; p < 0.001), a trend that persisted following stratification by tumor stage and Charlson comorbidities. Both 30-day and 90-day mortality were higher in the octogenarian group, even after multivariable adjustment (p ≤ 0.001 for both). Octogenarians who underwent multimodality therapy had worse long-term survival when compared to younger patients, except for those with stage III tumors and no comorbidities (HR: 1.29; p = 0.153). Within the octogenarian group, postoperative mortality was lower in academic centers, and the long-term survival was similar between multimodality treatment and surgery alone (HR: 0.96; p = 0.62). In conclusion, octogenarians are less likely to be offered treatment irrespective of tumor stage or comorbidities. Although octogenarians have higher early mortality and poorer overall survival compared to younger patients, outcomes may be improved when treatment is performed at academic centers. Multimodality treatment did not seem to confer a survival advantage compared to surgery alone in octogenarians, and more prospective studies are necessary to better elucidate the optimal treatment in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Bakhos
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital.,Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A C Salami
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
| | - L R Kaiser
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital
| | - R V Petrov
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital
| | - A E Abbas
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital
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Clark JM, Boffa DJ, Meguid RA, Brown LM, Cooke DT. Regionalization of esophagectomy: where are we now? J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S1633-S1642. [PMID: 31489231 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality benefits of performing high-risk operations in high-volume centers by high-volume surgeons are evident. Regionalization is a proposed strategy to leverage high-volume centers for esophagectomy to improve quality outcomes. Internationally, regionalization occurs under national mandates. Those mandates do not exist in the United States and spontaneous regionalization of esophagectomy has only modestly occurred in the U.S. Regionalization must strike a careful balance and not limit access to optimal oncologic care to our most vulnerable cancer patient populations in rural and disadvantaged socioeconomic areas. We reviewed the recent literature highlighting: the justification of hospital and surgeon annual esophagectomy volumes for regionalization; how safety performance metrics could influence regionalization; whether regionalization is occurring in the US; what impact regionalization may have on esophagectomy costs; and barriers to patients traveling to receive oncologic treatment at regionalized centers of excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Clark
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Boffa
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert A Meguid
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa M Brown
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David T Cooke
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Fumagalli U, Baiocchi GL, Celotti A, Parise P, Cossu A, Bonavina L, Bernardi D, de Manzoni G, Weindelmayer J, Verlato G, Santi S, Pallabazzer G, Portolani N, Degiuli M, Reddavid R, de Pascale S. Incidence and treatment of mediastinal leakage after esophagectomy: Insights from the multicenter study on mediastinal leaks. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:356-366. [PMID: 30686903 PMCID: PMC6343094 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediastinal leakage (ML) is one of the most feared complications of esophagectomy. A standard strategy for its diagnosis and treatment has been difficult to establish because of the great variability in their incidence and mortality rates reported in the existing series.
AIM To assess the incidence, predictive factors, treatment, and associated mortality rate of mediastinal leakage using the standardized definition of mediastinal leaks recently proposed by the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG).
METHODS Seven Italian surgical centers (five high-volume, two low-volume) affiliated with the Italian Society for the Study of Esophageal Diseases designed and implemented a retrospective study including all esophagectomies (n = 501) with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis performed from 2014 to 2017. Anastomotic MLs were defined according to the classification recently proposed by the ECCG.
RESULTS Fifty-nine cases of ML were recorded, yielding an overall incidence of 11.8% (95%CI: 9.1%-14.9%). The surgical approach significantly influenced the occurrence of ML: the proportion of leakage was 10.5% and 9% after open and hybrid esophagectomy (HE), respectively, and doubled (20%) after totally minimally invasive esophagectomy (TMIE) (P = 0.016). No other predictive factors were found. The 30- and 90-d overall mortality rates were 1.4% and 3.2%, respectively; the 30- and 90-d leak-related mortality rates were 5.1% and 10.2%, respectively; the 90-d mortality rates for TMIE and HE were 5.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Endoscopy was the first-line treatment in 49% of ML cases, with the need for retreatment in 17.2% of cases. Surgery was needed in 44.1% of ML cases. Endoscopic treatment had the lowest mortality rate (6.9%). Removal of the gastric tube with stoma formation was necessary in 8 (13.6%) cases.
CONCLUSION The incidence of ML after esophagectomy was high mainly in the TMIE group. However, the general and specific (leak-related) mortality rates were low. Early treatment (surgical or endoscopic) of severe leaks is mandatory to limit related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uberto Fumagalli
- Department of Digestive Surgery, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano 20141, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Baiocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Studies, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Andrea Celotti
- General Surgery 2, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Paolo Parise
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonavina
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Daniele Bernardi
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Manzoni
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Jacopo Weindelmayer
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Stefano Santi
- Esophageal Surgery Unit, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Disease, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallabazzer
- Esophageal Surgery Unit, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Disease, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Nazario Portolani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Studies, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Maurizio Degiuli
- University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, San Luigi University Hospital, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Rossella Reddavid
- University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, San Luigi University Hospital, Orbassano 10043, Italy
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Keung EZ, Chiang YJ, Cormier JN, Torres KE, Hunt KK, Feig BW, Roland CL. Treatment at low-volume hospitals is associated with reduced short-term and long-term outcomes for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma. Cancer 2018; 124:4495-4503. [PMID: 30317543 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumors for which complete surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment. The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of hospital case volume on outcomes in patients with RPS. METHODS A total of 6950 patients with primary RPS who underwent surgical resection were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (1998-2011). Treating hospitals were classified by annual case volume; low-volume hospitals (LVHs) and high-volume hospitals (HVHs) were defined as those with ≤10 cases per year and >10 cases per year, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazard models were created to compare risks. RESULTS Of the 1131 reporting hospitals, the majority (1127 hospitals; 99.6%) were LVHs treating the majority of patients (6270 patients; 90.2%). Patients treated at LVHs were more likely to have lower grade and smaller tumors, receive radiotherapy, and undergo incomplete macroscopic (R2) resection. Patients treated at HVHs had lower 30-day readmission rates (1.8% vs 3.4%; P<.001), 30-day (1.9% vs 3.1%; P=.004) and 90-day (3.2% vs 5.7%; P=.007) mortality, longer median OS (76.2 months vs 64.2 months; P<.001), and higher 5-year OS rates (58% vs 52%; P<.001). After controlling for age, sex, insurance status, tumor size, tumor grade, surgical resection margin status, and radiotherapy administration, treatment at an HVH was found to be independently associated with a reduced risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.91 [P=.003]). CONCLUSIONS Primary RPS are rare tumors, and to our knowledge few surgeons and institutions have significant experience and expertise in their multidisciplinary management and surgical resection. Although additional studies are needed, patient outcomes may be impacted by the case volume and expertise of the treating facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi-Ju Chiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice N Cormier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keila E Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barry W Feig
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christina L Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Chang AC. Centralizing Esophagectomy to Improve Outcomes and Enhance Clinical Research: Invited Expert Review. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:916-923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Noma K. Evaluation of Blood Flow of the Gastric Conduit: In Reply to Fujita. J Am Coll Surg 2018; 227:294-295. [PMID: 30053942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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